07-一、专题二 动词和动词短语-考点3 谓语动词的时态-【众相原创·减负中考】2026年中考英语基础精讲册（人教版 河北专用）

3.-Doctor Wang,must I take the medicine? -No,you You'll get well soon. A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.shouldn't 4.-How are you going to spend your summer holiday? -I haven't decided yet.I go camping with my family. A.should B.must C.may D.need 5.According to the traffic rules,kids under 12 sit in the front seat of a car. A.needn't B.couldn't C.shouldn't D.mustn't 6.-Can I leave now,Miss White? -Yes.And you come here early tomorrow since everything is ready now. A.must B.mustn't C.need to D.don't have to 考点3 谓语动词的时态 ★课标语法导图★ 构成：①am/is/are+表语；②实义动词原形或单三形式作谓语 时间标志词：always,.usually,often,.sometimes,once a week,every day/ 般现在时 week/month/year,on/at weekends 构成：①was/were+表语；②实义动词的过去式作谓语 时间标志词：yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week/month/Monday, 般过去时 段时间+ago(如：ten days ago),just now,in the past,in2008等 构成：①wil/shall+-动词原形；②am/is/are going to-+动词原形 时间标志词：tomorrow.,the day after tomorrow,.next week/.month/year,in+ 词的时态 一 般将来时 一段时间（如：in two days)),in the future,in2030等 构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词 现在进行时 时间标志词：now,right now,at present,.at the moment,these days等 构成：was/were+动词的现在分词 过去进行时 时间标志词：at six o'clock yesterday,at this time yesterday等 构成：have/has+动词的过去分词 时间标志词：already,yet,just,ever,never,so far,for+一段时间（如：for five 现在完成时 years),since+过去某一时间点等 知识必备 动词的基本形式 一、动词第三人称单数 海口诀助记 动词单三现在时， 情况 变化规则 示例 一般词尾加-s。 一般情况 加-s help→helps improve-→improves s、x、ch、sh在词尾，直接 加上-eso guess→guesses fix->fixes 以s,x,ch,sh,o 词尾若是字母0， 加-es teach-→teaches wash→vashes 结尾 加上-es不用愁。 g0→g0es 词尾若是辅音y, 以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i,再加-es fly→flies study→studies 变y为i是正规， es在后紧跟随。 99 二、动词过去式/过去分词 常口诀助记 情况 变化规则 示例 规则动词过去式的构成 过去式构成有规律，一 一般情况 help→helped/helped 加-ed walk→walked/.walked 般词尾加-ed。 live->lived/lived 如果词尾有个e,直接 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d promise>promised/promised 加-d就可以。 try→tried/tried 辅音字母y结尾，变y为 以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed carry-carried/carried i加-edo 只有一个辅音字母结尾 双写该辅音字母， stop->stopped/stopped 一辅重闭作尾巴，双写 的重读闭音节词 再加-ed hug→hugged/hugged 之后加-ed。 三、动词现在分词（动词-ing)/动名词 情况 变化规则 示例 一般情况 加-ing read→reading feel→feeling 以不发音的e结尾 去e,再加-ing live→living write→writing 以ie结尾的单音节词 变ie为y,再加-ing die→dying lie→lying 只有一个辅音字母结尾 双写该辅音字母， plan→planning run-running 的重读闭音节词 再加-ing put→outting 注意：不规则变化【具体内容见《词汇默写册》P77~P78】 考点讲解 一、一般现在时(5年6考) 1.主语+am/is/are+表语 结 2.主语+其他系动词原形/其他系动词单三形式+表语 3.主语+实义动词原形/实义动词的单三形式(+宾语) 参 L.频度副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly ever,never 2.频度词组：once a year,twice a month,three times a day等 词 3.其他词组：on Sundays,on/at weekends,every day/year.…(every系列) L.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。如：I always get up early.. 2.表示主语现在的特征或状态等。如：She has a good sense of humor. 3.表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如：The earth moves around the sun.. 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。 用法 4.主将从现：若一个复合句中含有由when,after,before,.until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由 例 if,unless,as long as,once等引导的条件状语从句，主句若用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 句 如：If you go to that party,I will go as well. 5.表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，但仅限于start,begin,leave,go, come,arrive等动词。如：The train leaves at five this afternoon. 100 ★短文填空解题技巧2-1动词原形→第三人称单数 适用情况 示例 1.“不可数名词”作主语 Light comes(come)from the sun. 2.“a/an/he/one+可数名词单数”作主语 A book is(be)on the table. 3.“he/she/it/this/that”作主语 She teaches(teach)English. 句子 4.“单个人名、地名、国家、城市”作主语 John studies(study)hard for his exams. 时态 5.“复合不定代词(every系列、some系列、 为一 Nothing is(be)impossible if you try. any系列、no系列)/疑问代词”作主语 般现 6.“单个非谓语动词[动词不定式（短语）、 在时 Eating too much sugar is(be)bad for health. 动名词（短语）]”作主语 7.“the number of...”作主语 The number of students in our class is(be)30. 8.“one of+可数名词复数”作主语 One of the answers is(be)correct. 、一般过去时(5年8考) 1.主语+was/were+表语 结构 2.主语+其他系动词过去式+表语 3.主语+实义动词的过去式(+宾语)》 1.ago词组 2.yesterday及yesterday词组 3.last及last词组 标志词 4.just now,in the past,in 1920 5.at the age of...,used to... 6.one day,long long ago,once upon a time 1.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。如： I got up early this morning. 2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作，常与频度副词连用。如： 常见用法 When Nancy was a little girl,she often played games with her sister. 及例句 3.有些句子没有明确表示过去时间的状语，但根据语境可知，是过去发生的动作，应用一般 过去时。如： -Excuse me,sir.It's a non-smoking area. -Sorry,I didn't see it. ★短文填空解题技巧2-2动词原形过去式 适用情况 示例 1.句中有明显地表示过去的时间状语或 I visited(visit)my grandparents yesterday. 句子 标志词 时态 2.过去式+and/or+过去式 Alice called her friend and asked(ask)for help 为一 It was a beautiful day.We drove(drive)to the countryside 般过 3.上下文的时态均为一般过去时 We saw a lot of beautiful flowers there. 去时 4.主从句时态一致，当主句为过去的某 I saw Lily when I passed(pass)the playground. 种时态，从句通常也用过去的时态 101 三、一般将来时(5年6考) 1.主语+wil/shall-+动词原形(+表语/宾语) 结构 2.主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形(+表语/宾语) 1.tomorrow,soon2.next week/month/year(next系列)3.in a week,in2030,in+一段时间 标志词 4.in the (near)future 5.the day after tomorrow 1.表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。如： They will leave for Shanghai next week. 2.表示某种必然的趋势。如：Fish will die without water. 3.be going to-+动词原形，表示计划、打算、决定要做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事情 常见用法 或有某种迹象表明要发生的事情。如： 及例句 I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend.( Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.(客观迹象) 4.“be about to-+动词原形”或“beto+动词原形”结构也可表示即将发生的动作。如：The football match is about to begin. ★短文填空解题技巧2-3动词原形→“wil+动词原形”或“am/is/are going to+动词原形” 适用情况 示例 句子 1.句中有明显的表示将来的时间状语或 I will call(call)you tomorrow. 时态 标志词 为一 2.“主将从现”原则 If it rains,we will cancel(cancel)the picnic. 般将 3.用于表达预测或推测 I think he will succeed(succeed). 来时 4.用于表达意愿或意图 I am going to study/will study(study)harder next term. 四、现在进行时(5年2考) 结构 主语+am/is/are+动词-ing(+宾语) 1.now,right now 2.at present,at this time,at the/this moment 3.when,while 标志词 4.Look！/Listen! 5.these days 1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如： I am writing an email to my cousin. 2.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行，常用时间状语有：this/these-+表示一段 时间的名词。如： Jim is preparing for an important painting competition these days. 常见用法 3.be doing表示将来，常用这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,,stay,start,begin,表示即将发 及例句 生或安排好要做的事情。如： My aunt is leaving for Shanghai this afternoon. 4.与always,usually等词连用，表示反复发生的动作，常含有赞扬、不满、厌烦、好奇等感情色 彩。如： You are always forgetting important things.（表示责备) 102 ★短文填空解题技巧2-4动词原形→am/is/are+动词-ing 适用情况 示例 句子 句中有表示动作现在正在进行的时间状 Look!She is reading(read)a book. 时态 语或标志词 为现 It's a sunny afternoon.The birds are singing.The children 根据上下文可以判断动作正在进行 在进 are playing(play)in the garden. 行时 表示现阶段正在进行的动作 He is studying(study)hard for the exam this week. 五、过去进行时(5年2考) 结构 主语+was/were+动词-ing(+宾语) 1.then 标志词 2.at that time/moment,at ten yesterday,at this time yesterday 3.when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句 1.表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。如： I was taking a shower when you called me last night. 2.表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如： 常见用法 We were watching TV from six to eight last night. 及例句 3.过去进行时常和always等副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时 带有一定的感情色彩。如： The two brothers were always arguing.(表示厌烦) ★短文填空解题技巧2-5动词原形→was/were+动词-ing 适用情况 示例 过去某一具体时间点或时间段动作正在进行 I was studying when the phone rang. 句子 The students were taking(take)an exam when the fire 时态 通过上下文可以判断动作在过去某个时刻正 alarm suddenly went off.The teacher calmly asked 为过 在进行 everyone to go to the playground. 去进 行时 While he was cooking cook),she was setting the 过去两个同时进行的动作 table. 六、现在完成时(5年4考)》 结构 主语+has/have+动词过去分词(+表语/宾语) 1.already,ever,never,just,yet,still 2.recently,lately,so far,up till now 标志词 3.in the past/last 3 years/... 4.since1998,since+一段时间+ago,since+句子（一般过去时） 5.for+一段时间 103 续表 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如： He has turned off the light. 2.表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和for,since连用，动词 应用延续性动词。如： Mr.White has worked in this factory since it opened. 常见用法 3.特殊用法： 及例句 (l)have/has gone to已经去某地了（人未回） have/has been to曾经到过某地（人已回） have/has been in待在某地（多长时间） (2)Itis/has been-+时间段+since-+一般过去时的句子. (3)It/This is the+序数词+time+that从句（用现在完成时）.这是..第.…次.… 退 (1)实义动词还可以根据动作是否延续分为：①延续性动词；②非延续性动词。 分类 定义 例词 例句 延续性 表示可以持续的动作或状态，可以和表 live,stay,study,work, I have studied in this 动词 示一段时间的时间状语连用 keep,teach school for three years. 非延续性 表示在短暂时间内可以完成的动作，不 buy,lend,borrow,die, She bought a nice watch. 动词 可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用 begin,stop,arrive (2)若句中含有表示一段时间的时间状语，谓语动词应用延续性动词；如果动词是非延续性动词，则 要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。常见转化见下表： 非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组） 非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组） become be die be dead begin/start be on lose be lost finish be over marry be married borrow keep put on wear/be in buy have arrive in/at/reach/get to be in come be here catch a cold have a cold go away be away(from) become ill/asleep be ill/asleep leave be away fall ill/asleep be ill/asleep close be closed come back be back open be open wake up be awake 如：I've left this school for eight years..(X) I've been away from this school for eight years.(V) 104 庄意 1.个别时间状语可用于不同的时态中，如：always,.usually,often,sometimes,never等频度副词 可用于一般现在时和一般过去时，考生需结合语境确定正确的时态。如： The girl is never late for school. When my mother was young,she was never late for school. 2.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 (1)两者都表示过去发生的事情。但一般过去时只强调过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的 关系：现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，主要说明现在的情况。如： I opened the door just now..我刚才开了门。（指刚才做了“开门”的动作，但现在门是否开着并未 说明) I have opened the door.我已经把门打开了。（门现在还开着) (2)现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所 以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday,last night,.three weeks ago,in1990等。而一 般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和上述表示过去的时间状语连 用。如： I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容） I saw the film last week..我上星期看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况） ★短文填空解题技巧2-6动词原形→has/have+动词过去分词 适用情况 示例 句子 通过上下文可推断出过去发生的动作对现在 He has finished(finish)his homework,so he can 时态 有影响 play now. 为现 在完 有表示从过去延续到现在的时间状语 She has lived(live)here since 2020. 成时 表示动作的重复 We have visited(visit)this museum three times. 考点测验 河北5年真题练 1.(2025河北50题节选)Jim and I went camping with our parents.There we_（teach)my pet cat how to clap()with his feet. 2.(2025河北55题节选)I am sure it make)a big difference in your future life. 3.（2025河北样卷44,46,47,50,53题节选) During the week,Lucy and I take turns to set the table for dinner and wash the dishes.On Monday,Wednesday and Friday,Lucy(wash)the dishes and I set the table.On Tuesday and Thursday,I do the dishes and Lucy sets the table.Now she set)the table.And after dinner I (do)the dishes. Last Sunday,Lucy (help)our dad cut the grass.My mom and I went shopping.And we put everything in the fridge when we (get)home. 4.(2024河北33题改编)Jenny is an early bird..She get)up at 6:00 in the morning. 5.(2024河北37题改编)I'm expecting a friend..I'm afraid I (order)later. 105 6.(2024河北40题改编)Alex (study)tea culture since he came to China in 2010. 7.(2024河北75题节选)Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited for his sister.Just then,the bell （ring). 8.(2024河北78题节选)One day,Mrs.Lin picked up Lin Ming and then they went to Lin Fang's school together.When Lin Ming saw her,he couldn't wait to run to her."Fangfang,"Lin Ming (shout). 9.(2023河北37题改编)This book must be great.My sister （read)it five times.. 10.(2023河北38题改编)Some students(play）Taiji over there.Let's go and join them. 11.(2023河北75题节选)nr.Zhao's first class,he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves..When he (get)to my desk,he looked at my picture and said,"Wow!I like those bright colors! That's great!” 12.(2023河北78题节选)Mr.Zhao is patient and he always (tell)us not to worry about giving wrong answers. 13.(2022河北38题改编)At this time yesterday,I (take)a science exam here. 14.(2022河北73题节选)Mrs.Zhang always(like)to help others. l5.(2022河北77题节选)It was Mrs.Zhang's birthday last Saturday.She held a party and (invite)all the neighbors. 16.(2021河北73题节选)My mother work)in a toy shop.She loves her job. 17.(2021河北79题节选)Last week we played against another school..They ran faster than us. However,we had better teamwork.Finally,we (win)！ 拓展提升练 短文填空 He Sudan is one of China's most famous sand painting artists.Now she 1. (give)a sand painting show.As the beautiful music is playing in the air,He Sudan 2. (pick）up some sand and throws it onto a drawing board.As her fingers move,the sand quickly 3. _(turm）into flying snow with strong winds in a short time.Then a girl reading behind a window 4. appear)in front of people. He Sudan 5. (create)many valuable sand paintings in recent years.And her works'topics 6. (be)mainly about the 24 solar terms().The works she created on lichun were so lively that they 7. _(make)many people completely understand lichun.What's more,her works about xiaoxue 8. show)the beauty of the winter in the north of China."The ceremonies()that Chinese people perform on the24 solar terms could show their sense of romance(浪漫)，”she said. He Sudan 9. (start)to show her talent in painting as a child.One day,her teacher 10. (ask)the class who could use different things to create a painting.While other students 11. (think)about traditional materials,she wanted to try something different and created her own work.The teacher 12. (praise)her work,which made her more confident. Now she 13. (become)a teacher.Though she is very busy,she spares time to create sand paintings."I feel that I 14. (achieve)my dream of bringing the traditional Chinese sand art to the world,she says."But it is not enough,I 15. continue)to create more works on this subject in the future." 10612.was translated II.1.forms 2.first 3.in 4.widely 5.with 6.balloons 7.sounds 8.was listed 9.but 10.historical 11.an 12.them 13.polished 14.to complete 15.will remain 九年级（全)Units7~8 考点讲练 1.our 2.to tell;lying 3.in 4.ending 5.collecting 6.from 7.manager 8.management 9.to deal 10.attended 11.joined 12.in 13.asleep 14.sleepy 15.a 16.sleeping 随堂小练 I.1.a 2.after 3.on 4.at 5.hugged 6.safety 7.stamps 8.rabbits 9.her 10.poems 11.sleepy 12.was crying 13.attended 14.coats 15.becoming II.1.twelfth 2.landed 3.entered 4.as 5.mysteries 6.receives 7.longest 8.leaders 9.medical 10.from 11.but 12.to honor 13.an 14.slowly 15.was built 九年级（全)Units9~10 考点讲练 1.to buy/buying 2.to/over 3.to be 4.that 5.a 6.to leave 7.supposed 8.to wear 9.that 10.spending 11.worthy 12.for 13.harmful 14.of 随堂小练 1.1.by 2.at 3.a 4.an 5.off 6.in 7.sadness 8.seasons 9.director 10.stuck II.1.to 2.preferred 3.of 4.dialogs 5.ending 6.me 7.gradually 8.second 9.sadder 10.an 11.shuts 12.saves 13.but 14.to exchange 15.will have II.1.What are you going to do this weekend?2.Smooth music./I like smooth music.3.Would you like to watch a 第二部分 一、词类 专题一名词 考点1名词辨析 拓展提升练 1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D6.C7.A8.B9.A 10.D 考点2名词的数 河北5年真题练 1.turns 2.months 3.jobs 4.pleasure 5.schools 6.children 7.colors 8.kinds 9.matches 拓展提升练 I.1.visitors 2.discussion 3.robots 4.postmen 5.scarves/scarfs 6.teeth 7.tomatoes 8.seasons 9.inventors 10.Canadian 11.knives 12.heroes 13.kites 14.flowers 15.artist 16.scientist 17.safety 18.pressure 19.invitation 20.teacher 21.magician 22.brushes 23.boxes 24.photos 25.development II.1.years 2.activities 3.friends 4.places 5.classes 考点3名词所有格 拓展提升练 1.Tom's 2.minutes'3.father's 4.theirs 5.Children's 语法知识滚动练 1.hours 2.classmates 3.habits 4.candies 5.meals 6.dishes 7.snacks 8.months 9.friends 10.importance 专题二 动词和动词短语 考点1动词和动词短语 河北5年真题 1.A2.A 4 movie with me this weekend?4.What's the movie about? 5.When and where shall we meet? 九年级（全)Units11~12 考点讲练 1.colorful 2.to say 3.for 4.understood 5.to leave 6.her 7.drove 8.when 9.By 10.got 11.By 12.in 13.lively 14.a 15.living 随堂小练 I.1.on 2.out 3.of 4.a 5.with 6.friendship 7.believable 8.weight 9.discoveries 10.nodding 11.coaches 12.wealthy 13.ladies II.1.a 2.blocks 3.in 4.stared 5.banker 6.to kick 7.have passed 8.overslept 9.quickly 10.But 11.first 12.were cancelled/canceled 13.was driving 14.into 15.luckiest II.1.Have you ever been late for class?2.Why were you late for class today?3.What time/When did you wake up?4.No,I didn't.5.How did you get to school? 九年级（全)Units13~14 考点讲练 1.in 2.works 3.as 4.of 5.for 6.for 7.to say 8.for 9.first 10.to join 随堂小练 I.1.off 2.a 3.for 4.back 5.in 6.in 7.for 8.fishermen 9.methods 10.ours 11.wooden 12.advantages 13.to wait II.1.probably 2.to recycle 3.away/out 4.built 5.were pulled 6.an 7.her 8.overcame 9.and 10.costs 11.seventh 12.for 13.works 14.thankful 15.creativity 语法知识讲练 拓展提升练 I.1.A2.C3.A4.B5.B Ⅱ.1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.A8.C9.D 10.B 考点2情态动词 河北5年真题练 1.B2.A3.C 拓展提升练 1.A2.A3.C4.C5.D6.D 考点3谓语动词的时态 河北5年真题练 1.taught 2.will make 3.washes;is setting;will do;helped; got 4.gets 5.will order 6.has studied 7.rang 8.shouted 9.has read 10.are playing 11.got 12.tells 13.was taking 14.likes 15.invited 16.works 17.won 拓展提升练 1.is giving 2.picks 3.turns 4.appears 5.has created 6.are 7.made 8.showed 9.started 10.asked 11.were thinking 12.praised 13.becomes 14.have achieved 15.will continue 考点4被动语态 河北5年真题练 1.is called 2.is cut 3.was read 4.is provided 5.were made 拓展提升练 1.will be replaced 2.will be held 3.be avoided 4.was built 5.be protected 考点5动词的非谓语形式 河北5年真题练 1.to create 2.to change