专题07 阅读理解（记叙文和应用文）（广东省卷、深圳、广州） 2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题07 阅读理解（记叙文和应用文）（广东省卷、深圳、广州） 内●容●导●航 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 题型概述 考向分类 技巧点拨 第二部分 考向突破 微观解剖，精细教学 考向01 主旨大意题 考向02 细节理解题 考向03 推理判断题 考向04 词义猜测题 第三部分 题型训练 整合应用，模拟实战 题●型●解●码 题型概述 阅读理解是一种综合性很强的题型，重点考查考生的词汇量、语法运用、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维能力、推理能力、归纳总结和判断能力，以及对各国文化背景的了解程度。中考的阅读理解题选材广泛，包括幽默故事、日常生活、人物传记、科普知识、社会文化、图表和新闻报道等。 考向分类 类型一 主旨大意题 类型二 细节理解题 类型三 推理判断题 类型四 词义猜测题 技巧点拨 一、主旨题： 主旨题所提问题主要涉及到文章的主题（中心思想）、标题、作者的观点态度、写作目的、以及文章的语气等。我们首先要找出文章的主题句，一般我们可以在以下几个地方找到： 1、段首句，演绎型文章的主题句通常能在段落的开头部分。 2、段末句，归纳型文章的主题句通常在段落的结尾部分。 3、段中句，如果主题句既不在段首，也不在段末，则我们应仔细地在该段的中心部分去寻找。 4、暗示句，有的主题句并非明示，而是通过某种独特的描述方式或修以辞手段委婉、含蓄地提出来的即暗示句。这种暗示句难度较大，它可能不是一个完整的句子而只是一个词。 二、细节理解题 做阅读理解题，首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意，另外还需要搞清楚文中的一些重要细节或事实。细节题在阅读理解部分占比较大，涉及的内容广，包括人物、时间、地点、数目、原因、结果以及文字结构等。这类题目相对要简单一些，它们有两个共同的特点： 1、针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读短文材料中找到对应的文字部分来验证。当然，它可能是一个单词或者短语，也有可能是一个句子或相关的几个句子，但单词、句式和表达方式不同。 2、干扰项常常是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂难辨。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。 三、猜测题: 1.通过上下文去进行猜测。特别要注意与这个词紧密相连的前后几个词语的意思, 2.利用构词法来进行猜测。常用的构词法有派生法，转化法以及合成法。英语中有相当大一部分单词都是由这三种构词法变来的，这些词的构成一般都有一定的规律，掌握一些常见的规律，对于猜测试题中遇到的生词大有帮助。 四、推理题： 1.事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节,是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断,要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。 2.逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景,人物的表情,动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。 3.对作者的意图和态度的推断 考●向●突●破 考向01 细节理解题 方法1：线索句定位法 所谓线索句，就是为我们提供正确答案的线索，对线索句的精准定位，是阅读高分的秘诀。 首先，英语阅读的试题顺序往往对应着段落顺序，按照出题顺序，依次往下找，就能迅速定位到段落；其次，定位到段后，粗略对比，迅速找到与试题所给句子中单词/短语重复较多的目标句；最后，将目标句与试题选项的句子仔细比对，找出区别，逐个排除错误项，定位答案。 典例题分析 To hold a pajama party, the host will usually plan some fun activities such as watching movies and playing board games and video games. He or she should also prepare some delicious snacks and fun food like pizza. Guests at a pajama party should bring their own pajamas, toothbrushes, pillows and blankets. But if they forget something, they don't need to worry because the host will give them what they need. If a pajama party is mainly for fun, a prom is no doubt a very important thing in most American schools. A prom is a formal dance party that is held at a high school. The party is usually held near the end of the senior year, the last year of high school, so it is often called graduation (毕业) dance. Students should wear formal clothes at the prom... 2. The students ______ at a prom. A. wear formal clothes B. wear pajama C. play fun games D. are all surprised Step1：定位到段：第一题的答案出现在第一段中，第二题可以顺着段落顺序，定位到第二段； Step2：定位到句：根据题干中出现的students/at a prom，迅速定位到目标句 “Students should wear formal clothes at the prom.”； Step3：定位答案：根据目标句中的should wear formal clothes确定答案为A 方法2：语意转换法 Fifty-seven years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first came out in the world of toys. Since then, Barbie doll, as everyone called her, has become the most famous toy doll in history. Her parent, the Mattel Company, said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home. However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present. There are many dolls on the market in competition with her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, came to life seventeen years ago. She looks more like today's pop stars with heavy makeup (浓妆) and miniskirts. Barbie's trouble is that ______. A. it wears heavy makeup and miniskirts B. other dolls are more popular with girls C. other dolls are trying to beat her in the market D. it is more expensive than the other dolls Step1：定位到段：题干中的核心词是Barbie's trouble，故可定位至第二段。 Step2：定位到句：根据trouble，可定位至目标句“ However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present. There are many dolls on the market in competition with her.” Step3：定位答案：根据第二段​Barbie is facing some trouble at present. There are many dolls on the market in competition with her.可知，芭比娃娃面临的问题是：市场上有许多洋娃娃和她竞争(in competition with)，也就是这些洋娃娃正试图在市场上打败(beat)她，确定答案为A。 方法3：选项vs原文比对法 比对法常用于正误判断类试题，就是以文章为依据，对选项中所涉及的内容做出正误判断，可能是针对某一细节，也可能是针对文章大意等。主要考查学生对多处细节或段落大意，文章大意的理解能力。 Everybody needs water. Everything needs water. We use water to wash bowls, clothes and ourselves. Where does all water come from? It comes from the clouds. Some of the rain sinks(渗入) into the ground. Many people get water from the ground. Some rain water comes down the mountains into streams(小溪). The streams come together to make lakes. Many people get water from these lakes. Water can change itself. When water gets very cold, it becomes ice. When water gets very hot, it becomes steam. Which is True? A. Animals need water, too. B. All rain water becomes streams. C. When it is hot, stream becomes steam. D. When it is hot, water becomes ice. Step1：逐条分析四个选项，在文中定位对应的线索局： A. Animals need water, too. 动物也需要水 根据第一段“ Everybody needs water. Everything needs water. ”可知每个人都需要水，每样东西都需要水，包括动物。故A正确。 B. All rain water becomes streams. 所有的雨水都变成了溪流。 根据第二段“Some of the rain sinks（渗入）into the ground. Many people get water from the ground.”可知有些雨水渗入地下，许多人从地下取水。故B错误。 C. When it is hot, stream becomes steam. 当天气热的时候，水流变成了蒸汽。 D. When it is hot, water becomes ice. 当天气热的时候，水变成冰。 根据第三段“When water gets very hot, it becomes steam.”可知当水变得很热的时候，就会变成蒸汽。故C和D错误。 Step2：定位答案：结合选项分析可知，确定答案为A。 方法4：逻辑顺序厘清法 逻辑顺序厘清法，就是根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。主要考查学生对文章细节中事物发展顺序的理解能力。 While at the beach this afternoon, I met a boy called Bob. We talked a lot. He said that it was fun playing on the cliffs(悬崖). I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place (Mum and Dad had always told me it was dangerous to play there). He called me a coward. I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave as him, so I agreed to go with him. We wanted to make our way down to explore(探索) the area. So Bob started to climb down and I followed him. Unluckily, some rocks came down after us. One of them nearly hit my head. We could not get back up. We shouted and shouted for help, but for a long time no help came. I was really scared. I wanted to cry. Then, we heard some sounds. Someone had heard us. A woman tied a rope around herself while a man at the cliff top held the rope. She made her way down to save us. My parents were relieved(宽慰的) that I wasn't hurt, but they were angry that I had done such a dangerous thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again. In what order did the events happen? a. Some rocks came down. b. The writer followed Bob. c. The writer wanted to cry. d. A man and a woman saved them. e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds. A. a-b-c-d-e B. b-a-c-e-d C. a-c-b-e d D. b-c-a-e-d Step1：理解a-e题干描述的事件：a. Some rocks came down. 一些石头掉了下来；b. The writer followed Bob. 作家跟着鲍勃；c. The writer wanted to cry.这位作家想哭；d. A man and a woman saved them. 一男一女救了他们；e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds. 作家和鲍勃听到了一些声音。 Step2：通读文章理出事件发生的顺序：通读全文可知作者遇到了Bob，才跟随Bob去了悬崖上，所以选项b排在最前，一些岩石掉下来，遇到了危险，因为害怕想哭，所以a，c排在b的后面。接着作者跟Bob听到了声音，最后一个男人跟一个女人救了他们，所以e，d排在末尾； Step3：定位答案：结合选项和文章进行排序可知，确定正确答案为B。 方法5 数字计算法 Shared chargers (共享充电宝) have already appeared at 37 sites in Xi'an. People in Xi'an can find them in places like restaurants and shopping malls.      How to enjoy the special service? That's easy! Users can scan a QR code (扫描二维码) on a machine to rent one of the chargers. Of course, before using, users need to pay a deposit (押金) of 100 yuan. But if a user's Alipay-based Zhima credit score is over 600, he or she doesn't have to pay a deposit. The chargers are free to use for the first hour, and will cost 1 yuan per hour after that. You can spend at most 10 yuan a day. So don't worry about the cost!​​​​​​​      Jim used a shared charger for 3 hours for the first time and he should pay ______ for it. A.1 yuan B.2 yuan C.3 yuan D.10 yuan Step1：定位到段：结合题干和选项可知，本题需要根据共享充电宝的使用价格进行解答，可定位至第二段。 Step2：定位到句：根据pay...for和选项快速定位至关键句“The chargers are free to use for the first hour, and will cost 1 yuan per hour after that.”。 Step3：定位答案：根据... free to use for the first hour, and will cost 1 yuan per hour after that.可知，共享充电宝第一小时免费使用，之后每小时1元。吉姆用了共享充电宝三小时，他最后应该付2元。确定答案为B。 考向02 词义猜测题 方法1 词义猜测法 词义猜测指通过构词、定义、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义。通常包括生词释义、熟词新义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词汇的理解辨别能力。 A woman bought a parrot from a pet store. However, the woman decided to return the parrot to the shop the next day.     "This bird doesn't talk," she told the pet shop owner.     "Does he have a mirror in his cage (笼子)?" the owner asked. "Parrots love mirrors."     The woman bought a mirror and left. The next day she came back, saying that the bird still wasn't talking. The underlined word "parrot" in paragraph 1 means "______" in Chinese. A.孔雀 B.鹦鹉 C.鸽子 D. 老鹰 Step1：分析理解词汇所在句的含义：一位女士从宠物店买了一只......。判断parrot的含义且原句没有太多线索，需继续在下文中找线索。 Step2：定位分析线索句："This bird doesn't talk," she told the pet shop owner.（“这只鸟不会说话”，她告诉宠物店老板。） Step3：定位答案：结合选项及常识可知，选项中“鹦鹉”可以学会说话，划线词应意为“鹦鹉”，确定答案为B。 方法2 短语猜测法 短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能力。  Jim likes sugar and cakes very much. He always eats some food with sugar before going to bed.     One morning, Jim was crying in bed before he got up.     "What's the matter, dear?" his mother asked in a hurry.     "I've got a toothache," said Jim.     So his mother took him to the dentist's. The dentist looked him over and pulled out his bad tooth at last.     Two days later, Jim went to school. Mrs. Hunt asked him, "What was the matter with you those days, Jim?"     "I had a had toothache, madam," answered Jim.     "Oh, I'm sorry to hear that," said Mrs. Hunt. "Is it better now?"     "I don't know, madam. I left it at the dentist's." What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase "pull out"? A.切开 B.拔掉 C.缝补 D.组装 Step1：分析理解词汇所在句的含义：牙医给他做了检查，最后......他的坏牙； Step2： 定位分析线索句： The dentist looked him over(检查) and pulled out his bad tooth at last.以及最后一句I left it at the dentist's.（我把它留在了牙医店，此处的it指代坏的牙齿）； Step3：定位答案：分析可知，牙医检查了他的牙齿，并最后拔掉了坏牙，确定答案为B。 方法3 根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法 在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个单词的意思，就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外，有时作者也会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/短语常见的有: (whether) ...or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, instead, rather than,, on the other hand等 There is a supermarket next to my house. You can buy all kinds of things there. The clothes in it are expensive, but the food is cheap... The Chinese meaning of “cheap” is ________. A.美味的 B.昂贵的 C.难的 D.廉价的 Step1：理解词汇所在句子：里面的衣服很昂贵，但是食物是________。 Step2：分析句子：:expensive 是我们学过的一个单词，意为“昂贵的”。前半句意为“里面的衣服很贵”。利用but的转折意义和expensive 的含义可猜出 cheap 表示“廉价的”，应选D项 Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，确定答案为D。 方法4构词法猜词法 在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy, fair-unfair等; 后缀-ment表名词, 如develop-development, state-statement等; 后-er、-or或-ist表同源名词: 如calculate-calculator, visit-visitor, wait-waiter, science-scientist等，如果一来，这些问题便不难解决了。 考向03 推理判断题 方法1 逻辑推理法 逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。 The best way to learn English is to have a good environment. Take notes in English, put English books around your room, listen to English radios, watch English news, movies and TV programs. Speak English with your friends whenever you can. The more English materials that you have around you, the faster you will learn it. Many people think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are making progress. According to the passage, English exercises and tests are ______. A. very necessary B. not helpful at all C. very boring D. not important Step1：定位到段：分析理解题干和选项后，结合题干关键词“English exercises and tests”可定位至第二段。 Step2：定位到句：定位至线索句“However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English” Step3：定位答案：根据文中However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English可知，通过做练习和参加考试，你可以真正提高你的英语水平，即做练习和测试非常有必要。故选A。 方法2 观点态度判定法 观点态度判定法，就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出来的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能力。 What the primary school in Fuzhou is doing is worth praising. Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school experiences more meaningful. What does the writer think of doing chores? A. He thinks it's a waste of time. B. He thinks it's the parents' job. C. He can't understand. D. He thinks it's good for students. Step1：定位线索句 题干询问作者对于做家务的态度，关键词是doing chores，由此定位线索句为“Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school experiences more meaningful.”； Step2：分析线索句 线索句意为“做家务可以让学生有责任感，教会他们规则和团队合作的精神。此外，它可以使学生的在校经历更有意义。”，由此可知作者对于做家务的态度是积极的，是支持认可的； Step3：选定答案 结合选项可知，be good for students 对学生有益 符合作者的观点态度，正确答案为D。 方法3 目的意图判定法 目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归纳总结和分析的能力。 There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.     Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating (漂浮) around out there. It harms ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.     Though it is hard work, it can be solved. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______. A. introduce some ways to recycle waste B. tell readers about the problem with plastics C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste Step1：分析理解题干：核心词汇理解purpose 目的； 选项理解： A. 介绍一些回收废弃物的方法 B. 告诉读者塑料的问题 C. 比较空气污染和塑料污染 D. 描述美国如何减少塑料垃圾； Step2：概括文章大意：通读全文可知，本文介绍了塑料垃圾的污染问题及其危害，还有各国政府采取的措施； Step3：定位答案：目的是告诉读者塑料带来的环境问题。正确答案为B。 方法4 文章出处判定法 文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。 Have you ever wanted to achieve a goal and ended up doing lots of research on how to achieve it? As you learned more and more, it seemed you knew less and less. That is because when you learned a new concept (概念), you found that there was a lot more to know about it. Usually, people think they need to get more and more information before trying a new idea... One of the best ways to learn is to take action and learn from the results... Learning more is great but if all you're doing is learning and not taking action, it's time to change that. Just take the first step. We can usually read the passage in ______. A. a storybook B. a newspaper C. an advertisement D. a guidebook Step1：题干选项理解：明确试题考查点为“文章出处”，选项释义如下： A. a storybook 故事书 B. a newspaper 报纸 C. an advertisement 广告 D. a guidebook 导游指南 Step2：总结归纳文章大意：通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了学习更多固然是很好的，但是如果你所做的只是学习而不是实践，那么是时候改变现状，迈出第一步了。 Step3：定位答案：由此可推知，本文更有可能在报纸当中出现。正确答案为B。 方法5 读者对象判定法 读者对象判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推断能力。 What can you do with cyberbullying (网络欺凌)? If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know or like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher. If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family, or the police. Ask an adult for help. Don't share anything before you make sure it is true. Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always remember: think about how to be kind in the future. This passage is mainly written for ______. A. teachers B. parents C. child D. the police Step1：题干选项理解：明确试题考查点为“读者对象”，选项释义如下：A. teachers 老师 B. parents 父母 C. child 孩子D. the police 警察 Step2：概括文章大意及线索句：通读全文可知本篇文章主要介绍了如何应对网络欺凌，特别是第二段中If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family, or the police. 可知，当你收到有害信息时，你应该把它们交给老师、家长或警察。 Step3：定位答案：根据文章大意及线索句可知，本文主要是写给孩子的。确定答案为C。 方法6 写作目的判定法 目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归纳总结和分析的能力。 There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.     Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating (漂浮) around out there. It harms ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.     Though it is hard work, it can be solved. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______. A. introduce some ways to recycle waste B. tell readers about the problem with plastics C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste Step1：分析理解题干：核心词汇理解purpose 目的；选项理解： A. 介绍一些回收废弃物的方法 B. 告诉读者塑料的问题 C. 比较空气污染和塑料污染 D. 描述美国如何减少塑料垃圾； Step2：概括文章大意：通读全文可知，本文介绍了塑料垃圾的污染问题及其危害，还有各国政府采取的措施； Step3：定位答案：目的是告诉读者塑料带来的环境问题。确定答案为B。 方法7 论证方式判定法 论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观点，证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。 The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It is reported that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung (三星) CEO BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether itˈs a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器). The Samsung CEO’s speech is mentioned to prove(证明) that ____ A. Samsung produced the Internet of things in the past. B. The Internet of things will come into our daily life sooner. C. He spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things D. Samsung products are part of the Internet of things. Step1：分析理解题干：题干理解“提到三星首席执行官的演讲是为了证明......”；选项释义，A. 三星过去生产物联网。B. 物联网将更快地进入我们的日常生活。C. 他花了很多时间谈论物联网D. 三星的产品是物联网的一部分； Step2：定位线索句：根据He said that five years from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether itˈs a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).可知引用三星CEO的这段话，主要是为了证明第一句话：物联网的到来可能比你想象的要早。 Step3：定位答案：结合线索句分析可知其前后是例证关系。ACD三项均与段落大意无关，确定答案为B。 方法8 篇章结构判定法 篇章结构判定法，就是对文章整体的结构，或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结，常以排序或结构图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。 Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China, it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy or lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might even complain to the owner of the restaurant. Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for everybody. In western countries, one person pays when he or she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called “Going Dutch”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, people are expected to tip between 15%and 20%of the bill, which is decided by how good the service is. Good waiters can make a lot of money! Different countries have different customs. When you travel to another country, please follow its customs, just as the saying goes “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best? (①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4 ) A.①;②③;④ B.①;②; ③④ C.①②;③;④ D.①;②③④ Step1：分析理解题干：分析题干可知，本题考查点是“文章结构”； Step2：分析文章每段的段落大意：第一段先总的来说人们对于好的礼仪有着不同的观点；第二段和第三段分别讲西方国家和中国在超市或饭店里的一些现象以及人们付钱的不同；第四段总结全文，当我们去别的国家旅游的时候要入乡随俗。 Step3：定位答案：结合每段的段落大意可知，全篇文章属于总-分-总的结构，确定答案为A。 考向04 主旨大意题 方法1 文章大意总结法 文章大意，就是对整篇文章的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对整篇文章主旨大意的理解归纳能力。 When accepting gifts, rules are different here in China and in the west. Anna Scheen, from the Netherlands, was puzzled(困惑的) when she gave a present to her Chinese friends for the first time. "They refused to accept it two or three times, and when they finally accepted, they didn't open it. They just took it and put it away. After that, I never heard about it again. They never mentioned whether they liked it or not." she said. In the west, it is polite to open a wrapped (包装好的) gift in front of the giver and say thanks. However, the situation is different in China. People usually open the gift after the giver has left. Opening a gift in front of the giver is regarded as impolite. The main idea of the passage is about ______. A. the different rules of accepting presents B. how to give a gift in China C. how to choose a good gift D. the western rules of accepting gifts Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章主旨大意，选项含义 A. 接受礼物的不同规则B. 如何在中国送礼物C. 如何选择好的礼物D. 西方接受礼物的规则； Step2：分析各段段落大意：第一段总起引出话题，指出中西方在接受礼物时有不同的规则；第二段和第三段分别介绍了中国和西方国家在接受他人礼物时所表现出的不同。； Step3：结合段落大意总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述不同的接受礼物的规则； Step4：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落大意，C项不符合文意，正确答案为A。 方法2 段落大意总结法 段落大意，就是对文章的某一段落的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对文章中某一段落主旨大意的理解归纳能力。 Nate Robinson is unlike any other player in the NBA. This player is the shortest in the NBA, but he is one of the most fearless players. He is 1.75m tall. "In NBA, he looks like a fourth-grader among a group of high school students." according to The Atlantic. How can he compete(竞争) with them？... Paragraph 1 of the report mainly talks about _____. A. how great Nate Robinson is B. how Nate Robinson is unlike any other player C. how fearless Nate Robinson is D. who Nate Robinson is Step1：分析理解题干及选项：根据题干设问可知本题考点段落大意，选项含义 A. 内特·罗宾逊有多棒B. 内特·罗宾逊是如何不同于其他球员的C. 内特·罗宾逊是多么无畏D. 内特·罗宾逊是谁 Step2：通读理解第一段：内特·罗宾逊不同于NBA中的任何其他球员。这位球员是NBA中最矮的，但他是最无畏的球员之一。他身高1.75米。据《大西洋月刊》报道，“在NBA，他看起来就像一群高中生中的四年级学生。”； Step3：概括段落大意：结合第一段理解及Nate Robinson is unlike any other player in the NBA．可知，内特罗宾逊与NBA其他的任何队员都不同．本段是围绕他如何与其他运动员不同展开的讨论。 Step4：定位答案：通过对题干选项及第一段的分析理解，正确答案为B。 方法3 标题判断法 标题判断，就是根据文章内容，在选项中判断出一个与之相符的标题。主要考查学生对文章大意理解和概括的能力。 A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2000 years ago. Now paper comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. So how can we save paper? We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets (小包). We can also use handkerchiefs (手帕) and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags... Everyone can help to save paper. And we should do it now, before it is too late. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Saving Paper B. The History of Paper C. Cotton Handkerchiefs Back Again D. Cai Lun Invented Paper Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章标题，选项含义 A. 节省纸张 B. 纸的历史C. 棉质手帕又回来了D. 蔡伦发明了纸； Step2：总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述人们在日常生活中怎样节约用纸； Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落细节，C项不符合文意，确定答案为A。 考向04 主题分类 主题一人与自我 （1）对学习或生活的态度与管理 （2025·广东深圳·二模）Thomas Dambo is a famous artist who creates large artworks from recycled materials and places them in nature. These artworks all look good in nature. His most famous works are giant trolls (巨魔), which can be found in forests and gardens around the world. Dambo, 45, grew up in Odense, Denmark. His father repaired bicycles, and his mother was a teacher and seamstress (女裁缝). As a child, he enjoyed finding different recycled things to make art. “You can build anything out of anything if you just try it,” he said. Since 2011, Dambo has been a full-time recycling artist. His early works, including birdhouses and plastic animals, have used hundreds of pieces of recycled materials and can now be found in twenty countries around the world. One of his newest projects, Alexa’s Elixir, is a six-piece fair in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota. It includes five huge trolls made from 25 tons of wasted wood and a golden rabbit made from recycled plastic. These huge artworks were built with the help of 300 volunteers and are hidden in local parks for people to discover. Dambo hopes to place trolls in every U.S. state to encourage people to protect forests. “The world is running out of resources and is full of rubbish. And my art shows that these two problems are each other’s solutions,” said Dambo. If you are interested, you can find where Dambo’ works are by visiting www.trollmap.com. 1．What is Tomas Dambo famous for according to Paragraph 1? A．Finding recycled materials in the forest. B．Travelling around the world on his own. C．Drawing pictures of large artworks in nature. D．Making giant trolls with recycled materials. 2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Where there is life, there is hope. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Nothing is impossible to a willing man. D．There are two sides to every question. 3．How many artworks are there in Dambo’s newest project Alexa’s Elixir? A．5 pieces. B．6 pieces. C．25 pieces. D．300 pieces. 4．What’s Dambo’s purpose of placing the trolls in every U.S. state? A．To teach people how to make giant trolls. B．To set up a new travel site in each US state. C．To call on people to support forest protection. D．To make his artworks famous around the world. 5．From which part of a newspaper can we find this passage? A．Science. B．Sports. C．Business. D．Environment. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了艺术家Thomas Dambo如何利用回收材料创作大型艺术品，尤其是他著名的巨魔雕塑，并希望通过这些作品鼓励人们保护森林。 1．细节理解题。根据“His most famous works are giant trolls (巨魔), which can be found in forests and gardens around the world.”可知，Thomas Dambo以用回收材料制作巨魔雕塑而闻名。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“You can build anything out of anything if you just try it,”可知，这句话的含义是只要你尝试，你可以用任何东西建造任何东西，即“有志者事竟成”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“One of his newest projects, Alexa’s Elixir, is a six-piece fair in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota.”可知，这个项目共有6件艺术品。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Dambo hopes to place trolls in every U.S. state to encourage people to protect forests.”可知，他放置巨魔雕塑的目的是呼吁人们支持森林保护。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了艺术家Thomas Dambo如何利用回收材料创作大型艺术品，尤其是他著名的巨魔雕塑，并希望通过这些作品鼓励人们保护森林，属于环保范畴。故选D。 （2）学校生活与劳动教育 （2025·广东佛山·二模） Join in the National Junior Ranger Day! Are you ready for an exciting day in the park? Join us for National Junior Ranger Day! As part of National Park Week, National Junior Ranger Day provides students aged from 7 to 22 with fun activities. No need to book—just show up!·Time: 9:00 am—5:00 pm, Saturday, May 19 ·Activities: 1. Young Washington’s Survey Map Adventure (9:30AM—5:00 PM): Bring a compass (指南针) and a map to find survey points around the park .Complete the adventure to get a park pin (徽章)！2. Memorial House Museum Open (9:30AM—12:00 PM &2:00 PM—4:30 PM): George Washington was born here! Step into the museum to learn about his life story. Entering the museum is free!3. National Junior Ranger Day Program (3:30 PM—4:30 PM): The experienced rangers will have a party to greet the new member. They will hand out activity books to kids taking part in. The book covers look super cool, with pictures of twelve different animals and plants. The day ends with a nature walk at 4:30 p. m. You surely don’t want to miss it!·Got questions? Just call Dustin Baker at 804 224 225 or click here for more information. 1．Who can join in the National Junior Ranger Day? A．Kate, a preschooler, 4 years old. B．Jenny, a student, 15 years old. C．Sam, a cook, 18 years old. D．Mike, a worker, 22 years old. 2．How long does the whole event last? A．4 hours. B．6 hours. C．8 hours. D．10 hours. 3．How can you get a park pin if you show up in the activity? A．By telling life stories in the nature walk. B．By making a phone call to Dustin Baker. C．By visiting the Memorial House Museum. D．By finishing the Survey Map Adventure. 4．What does the cover of the activity book look like? A． B． C． D． 5．We can most probably read this passage from ________. A．An official website B．A school board C．A storybook for kids D．A city guidebook 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文讲述了国家青少年护林员日的活动安排，包括活动时间、内容和参与方式，旨在吸引7至22岁的学生参与公园内的有趣活动。 1．细节理解题。根据“National Junior Ranger Day provides students aged from 7 to 22 with fun activities.”可知，参加活动的学生年龄范围是7到22岁。选项中只有B符合。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Time: 9:00 am—5:00 pm”可知，活动从上午9点持续到下午5点，总共8小时。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Young Washington’s Survey Map Adventure (9:30AM—5:00 PM):”和“Complete the adventure to get a park pin (徽章)!”可知，完成“Young Washington’s Survey Map Adventure”活动可以获得公园徽章。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“The book covers look super cool, with pictures of twelve different animals and plants..”可知，活动书的封面有12种不同的动物和植物图片。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“click here for more information”可以推测这篇文章最可能来自官方网站。故选A。 （3）安全与救护 (2024中山一模，A) Kitchen Safety Rules The kitchen is often the center of activity in many homes, but it has a lot of possible dangers. When it comes to preventing accidents in the kitchen, there is no one-size-fits-all approach. However, there are some general rules of kitchen safety that everyone, especially children should follow to ensure a safe kitchen. Preparation: Always wash your hands before and after touching food. Tie back long hair. Wear an apron （围裙） and roll up your sleeves. Cleaning: Keep the food preparation surface clean. Wash fruit and vegetables under cold water before use. ▲: Always ask an adult for permission before using knives or going near hot things. Use knives and other sharp tools with care. Don't put tools on the edge （边缘） of the work table. When using a knife, always cut away from yourself to avoid cutting yourself. Use oven mitts （手套） when taking hot dishes from the oven or microwave. Special Attention: Clean food spills （溢出） as soon as they happen. Do not run around the kitchen where food is being prepared. 1．Which of the following is suggested after touching food? A. Tie back long hair. B. Wear an apron. C. Roll up your sleeves. D. Wash your hands. 2．You are supposed to ask for permission from your parents before you ______. A. wear an apron B. put things into a microwave C. fill a cup of very hot water D. wash fruit and vegetables 3．Which of the following can be filled in “ ▲ ”? A. Knives B. Hot Things C. Work Table D. Tools 4．Where might you see the poster? A. In a store selling kitchen tools. B. On a cooking website for children. C. On the wall of a restaurant. D. In a cooking handbook for adults. 5．What is the purpose of this poster? A. To tell people, especially children, how to keep safe in a kitchen. B. To train children how to use knives and sharp tools. C. To teach people, especially children, how to make a preparation for cooking. D. To sell kitchen tools to people, especially children. 本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了每个人，尤其是儿童，必须遵守的厨房安全守则。 [答案]1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据“Always wash your hands before and after touching food.”可知，在接触食物前后都要洗手,故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Always ask an adult for permission before using knives or going near hot things.”可知，在使用刀具或接近热的东西之前，一定要经过成年人的允许,故选C。 3．词句还原题。根据“knives”“sharp tools”和“oven mitts”可知，此处谈论的都是厨房工具,故选D。 4．文章出处题。综合全文尤其是“However, there are some general rules of kitchen safety that everyone, especially children should follow to ensure a safe kitchen.”可知，本文主要介绍一些厨房安全的规则，特别是儿童应该遵循的一些规则。据此可以推断本文很有可能源自一个儿童烹饪网站, 故选B。 5．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文作者主要介绍了一些厨房安全规则，希望每个人，尤其是孩子遵循规则，确保在厨房里的安全，故选A。 主题二 人与社会 （1）人际交往互助与志愿活动 （2025·广东广州·二模）In a peaceful Ohio town, 14-year-old Emily found a mysterious box when she was cleaning her dead grandmother’s room one day. When she opened the box, there was a cloth inside. Under the cloth was a silver necklace with a blue gem (宝石) that reflected rainbow colors in the sunlight. Though simple in style, it reminded Emily of Grandma’s bedtime. The gem sparkled and showed rainbow colors in the sun just like roses. “Grandma loved roses,” Emily said quietly. She touched the necklace gently. The necklace looked simple, but it made Emily think of the stories Grandma told her about their family’s treasure. “This necklace has a long history,” she said and put it around her neck. She felt warm, just like Grandma’s hug. One day, Emily went to the town museum with her school. She saw an old painting and stopped. “Lily, look!” she shouted and pulled her friend’s arm. The woman in the painting wore the same necklace! The guide, Mr. Thompson, came over. “That necklace belonged to Clara Bennett. She started our town,” he said happily. “She wore it when she built schools and helped poor people. People thought it could give them courage.” Emily touched her necklace. Her heart beat fast. “Grandma said it was special,” she told Lily. Lily smiled, “Now I know why you’re so brave!” But then, something bad happened. That afternoon, Emily ran to catch the school bus. Suddenly, she heard a loud “snap”. “Oh no!” she cried. The necklace chain broke, and the gem fell into the tall grass by the bus stop. Lily said, “Let’s find it together!” But they couldn’t. Emily kept looking until it got dark. She cried. “I lost my family treasure. Grandma will be sad.” That night, Emily dreamed of Grandma singing their favorite song. When she woke up, the necklace was on her desk, fixed. There was a note from her mom: “I found it under the streetlight. True courage means believing things will come back, Love, Mom.” Emily held the necklace tightly. The sun shone on Clara’s picture in her history book, and the gem in the picture seemed to smile at her. “Thank you, Grandma,” Emily said quietly. “I’ll always keep this courage with me.” 1．What did Emily find one day? A．Clara’s clothes. B．Her history book. C．Grandma’s roses. D．Her family treasure. 2．What did Lily mean by saying “Now I know why you’re so brave!”? A．The necklace was simple but it had a long history. B．The necklace was like Grandma’s hug and it made Emily feel warm. C．The necklace encouraged Emily and made her face difficulties without fear. D．Clara Bennet started the town, built schools and passed them to Emily’s family. 3．Which of the following is true according to the story? A．Emily found Clara’s picture in her grandma’s home. B．Emily found out the history of the necklace from her museum trip. C．Mr. Thompson found the lost gem for Emily and wrote a note to her. D．Clara told Emily that courage meant believing things would come back. 4．Which can be the best title of the story? A．A Magic Box B．Clara’s Painting C．Emily’s Museum Trip D．An Encouraging Necklace 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了14岁的Emily在祖母房间发现一个装有银项链的神秘盒子，项链上的蓝宝石让她想起祖母和家族宝藏的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Under the cloth was a silver necklace with a blue gem (宝石) that reflected rainbow colors in the sunlight.”和“She cried. ‘I lost my family treasure. Grandma will be sad.’”可知，Emily在打扫已故祖母的房间时发现了一个神秘的盒子，盒子里有一条带有蓝色宝石的银项链，这是她家族的宝藏。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Lily说这句话是因为她了解到项链的历史和它所代表的意义。导游告诉Emily，这条项链曾经属于Clara Bennett，她在建设学校和帮助穷人时都戴着它，人们认为它能给人勇气。因此，Lily明白了为什么Emily会如此勇敢，是因为项链给了她勇气。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Emily在参观博物馆时看到了一幅画，画中的女人戴着和她一样的项链。导游告诉她这条项链的历史和属于谁。因此，Emily是从博物馆之行中了解到项链的历史的。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了14岁的Emily在祖母房间发现一个装有银项链的神秘盒子，整个故事围绕这条具有鼓励意义的项链展开，它不仅让Emily想起了祖母的爱和家族的故事，还让她在面对困难时勇敢前行。因此D项“一条鼓舞人心的项链”适合作标题。故选D。 （2024湖北武汉，B） The silence of the pond（池塘） was broken by the first cry: “Found something!” A swimmer ducked（扎入） into the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat. On a fine Sunday morning in May, a team of 10 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Women Against Underwater Rubbish（OWAUR）, looked for rubbish across Nova Pond in Scotia. When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn't even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic lighter they had found. “We had to ask a young person.” Part protection organization, part social club, OWAUR only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from a moment of Sandy, a retired（退休的） reporter. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan（标语）: “OVER 65, IF YOU'RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IS THE AGE OF ACTION.” Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think. When many people thanked OWAUR for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old women”.“You should call yourselves the Mermaids（美人鱼） Against Underwater Rubbish,” they said. 1．What does “another” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. A pond. B. A swimmer. C. A glass bottle. D. A boat. 2．The underlined word “mission” means “______”. A. an important task B. a fair game C. an interesting show D. a secret meeting 3．By searching for the rubbish in the ponds, OWAUR ______. A. found interest and did well B. changed people's hobbies C. improved their health a lot D. won fame and got prizes 4．Why were the old women regarded as Mermaids? A. They must be good at swimming. B. They could be trusted by some people. C. They should be responsible for their group. D. They might be thought young and beautiful. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A. A Swimming Club B. A Worrying Pond C. A Ducking Moment D. A Warning Slogan 本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了一个由10名65岁以上的女性组成的组织，该组织将清除池塘中的垃圾作为自己的使命。 [答案]1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．C [解析] 1．指代判断题。根据“Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat.”可知她出现了，手里拿着一个浅蓝色的玻璃瓶，它被传给了另一个人，“she”指代第一段第二句的“A swimmer”，故此处another指代“一个游泳者”。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them.”可知，该组织将清除池塘中的垃圾作为自己的使命，故此处画线词的意思是“重要的任务”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think.”可知，她们在清理池塘的时候感到惊奇，她们的团队可以做比人们想象的还要多的事情。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“...some questioned why they called themselves ‘old women’. ‘You should call yourselves the Mermaids Against Underwater Rubbish,’they said.”可知一些人质疑她们为什么称自己为“老妇人”，认为她们应该称自己为清除水下垃圾的美人鱼，可推知人们可能认为她们是年轻美丽的。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。本文开篇引入一个游泳者扎入水下的场景，主要介绍了一个由10名65岁以上的女性组成的组织，该组织将清除池塘中的垃圾作为自己的使命，以选项C“入水时刻”为标题最合适。故选C。 （2）节假日及其活动 (2024惠州一模，A) Holiday Fair （集市） of Fuhua Mall Fuhua Mall is welcoming the summer holiday. With lights up, shop windows decorated （装饰） and music in the air, the mall is filled with holiday joy. Everyone will have a better chance to relax from work and study. That makes this weekend more interesting than usual. This weekend, the mall will hold a holiday gift fair. It will sell handmade goods as special gifts. These handmade goods are all from primary and junior high school students in the nearby school. The manager promised to use the money he sold for making their schools better. The market on Saturday, July 1st offers a full day of shopping, dining and festival activities for students of all ages （including adults）. In addition to shopping and dining, special activities also include: ●Holiday DIY for students ●Holiday train ride for students ●Summer movies viewing party ●Live music all day—students' concerts and band shows... Please note that student projects are only for students. And students under the age of 12 need at least one adult to protect them when they take part in the activities. Tickets: 15 yuan/adult 10 yuan/junior high school student 7 yuan/primary school student Address: No. 58 at the Huizhou Broadway Street Know more: Please clickwww.fuhuamall.org/holiday.com 1．This weekend will be more interesting because ______. A. the summer holiday is coming B. the mall is filled with special gifts C. everyone will have a better chance to relax D. there will be a holiday gift fair 2．You can buy handmade goods made by ______. A. 5-year-old Li Lei B. 50-year-old Liu Hua C. 25-year-old Lin Mei D. 15-year-old Hu Zhen 3．At this fair, adults can ______. ①go shopping and dining ②watch summer movies ③enjoy band shows ④do holiday DIY ⑤have a holiday train ride A. ①②③ B. ①④⑤ C. ②③⑤ D. ③④⑤ 4．To join the activities, Mr. Li and his two children （aged 10 and 14） should pay ______. A. 29 yuan B. 32 yuan C. 35 yuan D. 45 yuan 5．You can probably read this article in ______. A. a storybook B. a newspaper C. a website D. a guidebook 本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了福华商城假日集市的相关信息。 [答案]1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据“Everyone will have a better chance to relax from work and study. That makes this weekend more interesting than usual.”可知，每个人都将有更好的机会从工作和学习中放松下来，这使得这个周末比平时更有意思, 故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“These handmade goods are all from primary and junior high school students in the nearby school.”可知，这些手工艺品都来自附近学校的中小学生，所以可以买到15岁的胡珍制作的手工艺品, 故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“In addition to shopping and dining...Live music all day—students' concerts and band shows”可知，成人可以购物、吃饭、看夏季电影以及欣赏乐队表演,“do holiday DIY”和“have a holiday train ride”只为学生开放，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“15 yuan/adult 10 yuan/junior high school student 7 yuan/primary school student”可知，成人是15元，初中生是10元，小学生是7元，故共需15+10+7=32, 故选B。 5．文章出处题。根据“Please click www.fuhuamall.org/holiday.com”可知，文章可能来自一个网站, 故选C。 （3）文学与艺术 （2024广州二模，B） It was dark. Holmes, Lestrade and I moved towards the house. “Let's wait here,” Holmes said. “We can hide behind these rocks. Watson, go to the house and see what they are doing. Make sure they don't see you.” I hid behind a wall. I could see Mr. Stapleton and Sir Henry sitting at a table. Then, Mr. Stapleton left the room and walked to a shed （棚屋） in the yard. He opened the door and there was a strange noise from inside. After a minute he locked the door and went back into the house. I hurried back to report everything to Lestrade and Holmes. There was now a thick white fog over the moor （荒野）. “The fog is getting thicker,” said Holmes. “This is very serious—Sir Henry must leave Mr. Stapleton's house soon.” Suddenly, we heard footsteps. They got closer and we saw Sir Henry walking towards us through the fog. Then, we heard something. A terrible animal appeared. It was a huge black hound （猎犬）. There was fire coming from its mouth and its huge eyes were glowing （发光）. The hound ran after Sir Henry. Holmes and I both fired our guns. We hit it but the hound didn't stop. It jumped on Sir Henry and pushed him to the ground. Holmes pointed his gun and shot the hound five times. The giant hound was dead. Sir Henry was lying on the path. We ran to him and found he was alive. I put my hand on the hound's glowing face and found my own fingers glowed in the dark. “Phosphorous （含磷的）,” I said. We walked towards Merripit House to search for Mr. Stapleton. In the house we didn't find him, but we found Mrs. Stapleton tied up in a bedroom. We untied her. When she knew Sir Henry was alive and the hound was dead, she cried, “Thank God!” “Now we have proof （证据）, but we need Mr. Stapleton,” said Holmes. （Adapted from The Hound of the Baskervilles） 1．What did Watson see Stapleton do in the yard? A. He took the hound for a walk in the yard. B. He looked at the thick fog with Sir Henry. C. He drank and talked with Sir Henry happily. D. He opened a shed door and locked it again soon. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A. Sir Henry and the hound. B. The unknown footsteps. C. Mr. Stapleton and the hound. D. The fog and the wind. 3．According to the story, what's the order of the following events? a.Holmes killed the hound with his gun. b.Sir Henry came out of the house to the path. c.We found Mrs. Stapleton in Merripit House. d.Giant hound ran after Sir Henry. e.Mr. Stapleton opened a shed door. A. e-b-d-a-c B. e-b-d-c-a C. b-e-d-a-c D. b-e-d-c-a 4．What do you think will happen next in the novel? A. Mr. Stapleton will tell Holmes what he has done. B. Sir Henry will be in danger after returning home. C. Mrs. Stapleton will take us to search for Mr. Stapleton. D. Holmes will talk about Mr. Stapleton's case at once. 本文选自小说《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》，讲述了Holmes和“我”杀死猎犬，救下Henry爵士的经过。 [答案]1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据“He opened the door and there was a strange noise from inside. After a minute he locked the door and went back into the house.”可知，Watson看到Stapleton打开棚屋的门，很快又锁上了，故选D。 2．代词指代题。根据“Suddenly, we heard footsteps. They got closer and we saw Sir Henry walking towards us through the fog.”可知，突然，我们听到了脚步声，脚步声走近了，我们看见Henry爵士在雾中向我们走来。所以“They”指代的是“脚步声”，故选B。 3．事件排序题。根据“Then, Mr. Stapleton left the room and walked to a shed in the yard. He opened the door and there was a strange noise from inside.”可知，Stapleton先生打开了棚屋的门；根据“They got closer and we saw Sir Henry walking towards us through the fog.”可知，Henry爵士走在小路上；根据“The hound ran after Sir Henry.”可知，一只巨大的猎犬追赶着Henry爵士；根据“Holmes pointed his gun and shot the hound five times. The giant hound was dead.”可知，Holmes用枪打死了那只猎犬；根据“We walked towards Merripit House to search for Mr. Stapleton. In the house we didn't find him, but we found Mrs. Stapleton tied up in a bedroom.”可知，我们在Merripit House找到了Stapleton太太，所以A项是正确的顺序，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“ ‘Now we have proof, but we need Mr. Stapleton,’ said Holmes.”可知，接下来应该是要去寻找Stapleton先生，故选C。 主题三 人与自然 （1）绿色生活与环境保护 （2025·广东广州·二模）Ken was going to play football in the park with his best friend John. When they were about to leave, Ken’s mum came back with a letter. “Bad news,” she said. “The apartment managers want to build a fitness centre where the park is.” Ken’s heart dropped. The park wasn’t just their football field—it was also home to the ancient sandalwood trees. John complained, “They didn’t even ask us!” Determined, the boys wrote a letter that evening. “We’ll explain how the park helps everyone!” Ken said, typing angrily. The next morning, they marched to the management office, hearts pounding. The managers listened politely as they read their letter. “But more people will use a new fitness centre,” Ms. Brown, one of the managers said, her smile not reaching her eyes. Then she walked the boys out. “They didn’t care at all!” Ken said as they walked towards the park. Then they stopped at the entrance. A shiny new sign read: “Future Home of Fitness Centre.” Behind it, the grand sandalwood tree stood tall, its leaves rustling sadly in the wind. A wild idea came to Ken. “Let’s make the tree SPEAK!” They raced home, grabbed cardboard and markers, and created a sign: “I’m a Hawaiian sandalwood. I don’t grow anywhere else in the world. My family almost died out forever. Please save me!” Hanging it on the tree, they stepped back. “Do you think anyone will notice?” John whispered. The next afternoon, to their surprise, dozens of handmade signs were put on the trees in the park! “I clean air for people daily!?” hung on a palm tree. “My flowers make Hawaiian leis—symbols of love!” bloomed beside a bush. Even the grass had a sign: “I stop floods by holding the soil!” People in the community crowded around, discussing. Ms. Brown stared at a sign about heart medicine. “My grandma’s pills...could they come from plants?” she wondered aloud. Days later, Ms. Brown invited the boys to her office, her strict face softened. “The voices of the trees are heard.” She said, “We decided to upgrade the old fitness centre and keep the park for outdoor yoga and t’ai chi.” That evening, Ken and John played football under the sandalwood tree, its leaves now dancing happily. “Who knew trees could shout so loud?” John laughed. “Sometimes,” Ken grinned, “you just need to listen.” 1．Why were Ken and John worried at the beginning? A．They were not asked for opinions. B．They had to say goodbye to the park. C．They were going to lose their homes. D．They couldn’t play football anymore. 2．What difficulty did the boys have while dealing with the case? A．Their hard work was laughed at by others. B．Their idea didn’t get the managers’ attention. C．Their kind words brought fun to the managers. D．Their reasons weren’t accepted by more people. 3．What was the key that helped change the managers’ decision? A．The voices of the community. B．The letter written by Ken and John. C．The board the boys made together. D．The sadness trees expressed by speaking. 4．How did Ken and John achieve what they wanted? A．With help and advice. B．With luck and kindness. C．With support and magic. D．With courage and creativity. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Ken和John得知公园将被改建成健身中心后，通过创意和勇气让社区听到树木的声音，最终成功保护了公园的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“‘Bad news,’ she said. ‘The apartment managers want to build a fitness centre where the park is.’ Ken’s heart dropped. The park wasn’t just their football field—it was also home to the ancient sandalwood trees.”可知，Ken和John担心公园会被改建成健身中心，从而失去他们的足球场和古檀香树，即他们要与公园告别。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The managers listened politely as they read their letter. ‘But more people will use a new fitness centre,’ Ms. Brown, one of the managers said, her smile not reaching her eyes.”可知，经理们礼貌地听取了他们的信，但并未真正关注他们的意见，而是强调了新健身中心将吸引更多人使用，说明男孩们的想法没有得到经理们的注意。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“People in the community crowded around, discussing. Ms. Brown stared at a sign about heart medicine. ‘My grandma’s pills...could they come from plants?’ she wondered aloud.”以及“The voices of the trees are heard. She said, ‘We decided to upgrade the old fitness centre and keep the park for outdoor yoga and t’ai chi.’”可知，是社区中人们对树木声音的讨论和关注，让经理们意识到了树木的重要性，从而改变了决定。因此，是社区的声音帮助改变了经理们的决定。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“A wild idea came to Ken. ‘Let’s make the tree SPEAK!’”以及他们制作并挂上树木声音的标志，以及最终成功保护公园的情节，可以看出Ken和John是通过勇气和创意实现了他们的目标。他们敢于提出并实施一个看似疯狂的想法，即让树木“说话”，从而引起了社区的关注和讨论，最终改变了经理们的决定。故选D。 基础过关 （一） （2024广州一模，B） For 16-year-old Ma Yifei, the violin performance of the Beijing 2022 Olympics theme song, Snowflake, was her best present for Paralympians （残奥会运动员） all over the world. Though snowflakes were related to winter, she let others feel warmth, hope and light through her performance. Ma went blind at the age of two because of an illness. She fell in love with music when she was young. She began to learn to play the piano at five and the violin at nine, experiencing the “colorful” music through sound and emotion. Ma's mother Ha Chunyan, was a music teacher in a primary school and helped her memorize the music score （乐谱） before she played the piano. Ma could not see the keys and always played the wrong notes. It took her thousands of tries to play a piece correctly. Learning the violin was more challenging. Ma needed to feel the teacher's hands, arms and back to learn the movements, and listen to the strings （弦） over and over again to feel the muscles （肌肉） herself. “After three years of learning, she still could not make any sound except terrible noises,” said Ha, who advised her daughter to give up the violin. But Ma said, “As I've been practising so long, it's hard to give up. I believe I will play better if I persist in practising.” In 2018, Ma got a chance to follow two famous musicians Sheng Yuan and Cao Yuhan from the Central Conservatory of Music and study music in Beijing. She left her home in Ningxia to follow her musical dream, though she knew there would be more challenges ahead. Ma expressed her excitement about performing at the big event. “All my hard work has paid off. I'm proud of standing on the stage today.” 1．How does the writer describe Ma's difficulties in learning the violin? A. By questioning. B. By listing numbers. C. By offering advice. D. By giving examples. 2．Which is the correct order according to the passage? a.Ma got a chance to study music in Beijing. b.Ma performed the Beijing 2022 Olympic Games theme song. c.Ma began to learn to play the piano. d.Ma went blind because of an illness. A. c-b-d-a B. a-d-c-b C. d-c-a-b D. b-d-c-a 3．What does the underlined phrase “persist in” probably mean in paragraph 5? A. Keep on. B. End up. C. Take part in. D. Look forward to. 4．What does Ma's story tell us? A. Handsome is as handsome does. B. There is no place like home. C. Practice makes perfect. D. A good friend is like a mirror. 本文是一篇人物故事。马奕菲虽然因病失明，但是她克服各种困难，坚持练习小提琴，最终努力得到回报，并在2022年北京残奥会上给人们带来了一场精彩的演出。 [答案]1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C [解析] 1．写作手法题。根据第四段“Learning the violin was more challenging...over and over again to feel the muscles herself.”可知，文章通过举例子，讲述了马奕菲学小提琴时所遇到的困难，故选D。 2．事件排序题。根据第二段“Ma went blind at the age of two because of an illness. She fell in love with music when she was young. She began to learn to play the piano at five and the violin at nine”，第六段“In 2018, Ma got a chance to follow two famous musicians Sheng Yuan and Cao Yuhan from the Central Conservatory of Music and study music in Beijing.”和第一段“For 16-year-old Ma Yifei, the violin performance of the Beijing 2022 Olympics theme song, Snowflake, was her best present for Paralympians all over the world.”可知，正确的顺序是马奕菲在两岁时因为疾病而失明，五岁时她开始学钢琴，2018年她得到一个去北京学习音乐的机会，2022年她在北京残奥会上演奏主题曲，故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“As I've been practising so long, it's hard to give up. I believe I will play better if I persist in practising.”可知，马奕菲觉得坚持练习了这么久，很难再将其放弃，她坚信如果坚持练习，她会将小提琴拉得很好。因此画线短语与keep on意思接近，意为“坚持”，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文中的“As I've been practising so long, it's hard to give up. I believe I will play better if I persist in practising.”以及最后一段中的“All my hard work has paid off. I'm proud of standing on the stage today.”可知，马奕菲经历各种困难，但是依然坚持不放弃，通过不断练习，最终她的付出得到了回报，因此文章是在告诉我们熟能生巧的道理, 故选C。 （二） （2024广东模拟，B） When did you stop, take a good look and get lost in thought? For me, it was last Sunday. My friend invited me to a European art exhibition in Shanghai. To be honest, I'm not interested in art paintings at all. I know very little about European art. So, at first, I refused to go to the exhibition. But finally I became excited to see the artworks of famous artists like Monet（莫奈） and Van Gogh（梵高）. The exhibition included 52 artworks. It was really a different experience to see them face to face. My friend was happy to see so many different painting styles in one place. The visit made her remember the trip to Paris several years ago. She said that I could find art in every corner of the city. Most of the visitors, I thought, had little knowledge about art like me. They were just busy taking pictures, and then showed everyone on WeChat that they had been there. Under the influence of my friend, an art lover, I began to appreciate the paintings carefully. My friend shared interesting stories behind them. Of all the paintings, Van Gogh's “Long Grass with Butterflies” moved me the most. Those things such as grass and butterflies were quite common in my life. However, I had never thought they were worth attention. I had usually followed the crowd to see what was “special” in their view. Actually, we should pay more attention to the “common” things around us. Sometimes we are supposed to have a careful look and think for a while. Then we will find the true beauty in our life. 1．Where was the exhibition held? A. In Shanghai. B. In Europe. C. In Paris. D. In Australia. 2．What does the underlined word “appreciate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Introduce. B. Create. C. Trust. D. Watch. 3．Which is the right order of the following events? ①The writer refused to go to the art exhibition. ②The writer went to see the exhibition with a friend. ③The writer was invited to the exhibition. ④The writer was moved by “Long Grass with Butterfly”. A. ④③②① B. ④②①③ C. ③①②④ D. ③④②① 4．What can we know from the passage? A. The writer used to show great interest in art paintings. B. This exhibition included 52 artworks of different styles. C. Monet created “Long Grass with Butterfly”. D. All the visitors had little knowledge of art. 5．Which can be the best title of the passage? A. A Visit to Europe B. Stop, Listen and Show C. Enjoy the Artworks D. Stop, Look and Think 本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述作者在朋友的影响下从不喜欢艺术到最终爱上艺术，学会了欣赏艺术。文章告诉我们，有时候我们应该停下来仔细观察和思考，只有这样我们才会发现我们生命中真正的美。 [答案]1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“My friend invited me to a European art exhibition in Shanghai.”可知，艺术展是在上海举行，故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“...I began to appreciate the paintings carefully.”可知，作者开始仔细地欣赏油画。D选项的watch“观看”与appreciate意思相近，故选D。 3．事件排序题。根据第一段第三句“My friend invited me to a European art exhibition in Shanghai.” 可知作者受邀去画展；根据第二段第三句“So, at first, I refused to go to the exhibition.”可知，作者一开始拒绝去画展；根据第二段第四句“But finally I became excited to see the artworks of famous artists like Monet and Van Gogh.”可知，作者最终还是去了画展；根据第四段第五句“Of all the paintings, Van Gogh's ‘Long Grass with Butterflies’ moved me the most.”可知，作者被梵高的《长草地与蝴蝶》感动了。由此可知，答案应选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“The exhibition included 52 artworks.”可知，本次画展包括52件艺术品，选项B正确。其他选项与文章内容不符，故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章讲述作者在朋友的影响下从不喜欢艺术到最终爱上艺术，学会了欣赏艺术。文章告诉我们，有时候我们应该停下来仔细观察和思考，只有这样我们才会发现我们生命中真正的美。结合文章第一句“When did you stop, take a good look and get lost in thought?”可知，选项D与文章的主旨大意相符，适合作为标题，故选D。 （三） （2023中山二模，B） Gourds （葫芦） have a history of more than 7,000 years in China. These special-shaped plants are used for making delicious dishes as well as making musical instruments. But today we are talking about the pyrography craft （烙画工艺） on gourds. The craft originated during the Han Dynasty and entered its golden age during the Qing Dynasty. Many cities in China like Tianjin and Beijing are well-known for such gourds. Take the craft from Beijing as an example. As the family's fourth-generation inheritor （继承人） of Beijing's gourd-pyrography craft, Niu Chengguo has been working hard on the craft for over 40 years. With his great love for beautiful things, Niu has kept improving his art skills and created many works of art. “When I was a little boy, I was deeply touched by the lively patterns （图案） on gourds which were created by my grandpa. I began studying how to create the artwork with the help of my grandpa when I was 11 years old,” said Niu. Niu's efforts to create wonderful artworks paid off, as his works sold well in many countries in Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Many of his works have appeared in different cultural exchange （交流） activities. As a result, the gourd-pyrography craft is becoming more and more popular. In 2021, Niu started to provide a platform to help visitors enjoy the beauty of the gourd craft. “I just want to make the traditional craft known and liked by more people,” Niu said. 1．What can gourds be used for according to Paragraph 1? A. Holding dishes. B. Making music. C. Making houses. D. Creating artworks. 2．What does the underlined word “originated” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Returned. B. Appeared. C. Spread. D. Stopped. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A. How hard Niu learned the craft. B. How Niu developed an interest in the craft. C. Why Niu's grandpa taught himself the craft. D. What Niu has done to improve his artistic skills. 4．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. Niu's works have an influence on cultural exchanges. B. Niu's works are only popular in most Asian countries. C. Niu's works helped visitors create their own gourd artworks. D. Niu is a third-generation inheritor of the craft in his family. 5．What is the main purpose （目的） of the passage? A. To describe the development of the craft. B. To introduce an inheritor of a traditional craft. C. To help people learn how to make the craft popular. D. To encourage people to pass on Chinese traditional craft. 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了北京民间艺人牛成果传承葫芦烙画工艺的故事。 [答案]1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“These special-shaped plants are used for making delicious dishes as well as making musical instruments.”和第三句“But today we are talking about the pyrography craft on gourds.”可知，葫芦可以用来烹饪美味的菜肴、制作乐器以及制作工艺品, 故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The craft originated during the Han Dynasty and entered its golden age during the Qing Dynasty.”可知，这种工艺最初起源于汉代，在清代进入鼎盛时期。因此，画线词意为“起源于”，与B选项appeared的含义相近，故选B。 3．段落大意题。第三段讲述了牛成果小时候在祖父的影响下对在葫芦上烙画的工艺产生兴趣，并在祖父的帮助下开始学习和创作这种艺术品的经历，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句“Many of his works have appeared in different cultural exchange activities.”可知，牛成果的作品出现在不同的文化交流活动中，对文化交流产生了影响，故选A。选项B与文中的“his works sold well in many countries in Southeast Asia, Europe and America”相悖；选项C与文中的“In 2021, Niu started to provide a platform to help visitors enjoy the beauty of the gourd craft.”相悖；选项D与文中的“As the family's fourth-generation inheritor of Beijing's gourd-pyrography craft”相悖。 5．写作目的题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了北京民间艺人牛成果传承葫芦烙画工艺的故事，故选B。 能力进阶 （2025·广东广州·二模）On the first day of school, our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t already know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, “Hi, handsome! My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed and warmly responded. “Of course you may!” She gave me a giant squeeze (拥抱). “Why are you in college at such a young, innocent (幼稚的) age?” I asked. She jokingly replied, “I’m here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel.” “No, seriously?” I asked. I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on this challenge at her age. “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she told me. After class we walked to the Student Union building and shared a chocolate milkshake. We became instant friends. Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always attracted listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon (校园偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and enjoyed the attention from other students. She was living it up. At the end of the term, we invited Rose to speak at a student gathering. I’ll never forget what she taught us. “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. There are so many people walking around who are dead, and they don’t even know it.” she said. “There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability,” she added. “But growing up requires finding opportunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do.” She concluded her speech by courageously, singing The Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics (歌词) and live them out in our daily life. At the year’s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years. We’d always keep her in mind because it is the wonderful woman who taught us by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be. 1．Which is the correct-order-of Rose’s college life? a. Rose gave a speech at a student gathering.    b. Rose shared a chocolate milkshake with the author. c. Rose became popular among students.    d. Rose explained her real reason for attending college. e. Rose graduated from college. A．d→b→c→a→e B．b→d→a→e→c C．d→b→a→e→c D．b→c→e→a→d 2．Which has the closest meaning of the underlined phrase “living it up”? A．working hard B．enjoying life to the fullest C．growing older D．feeling regretful 3．According to Rose’s speech, which of the following is NOT a secret to staying young and happy? A．Laughing and finding humor daily. B．Holding onto dreams. C．Not accepting being old. D．Seeking opportunities in change. 4．What can we learn from Rose’s story? A．College education is necessary for the elderly. B．Age should not limit one’s pursuit of dreams. C．Humor is the key to success. D．Young people should communicate more with seniors. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了87岁的Rose在大学追求梦想的故事，展现了她积极的人生态度以及对年轻人的启发。 1．细节理解题。根据“I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!”可知Rose向作者解释了上大学的原因；根据“After class we walked to the Student Union building and shared a chocolate milkshake”可知Rose和作者分享了巧克力奶昔；根据“Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon (校园偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went.”可知Rose在学生中很受欢迎；根据“At the end of the term, we invited Rose to speak at a student gathering”可知Rose发表了鼓舞人心的讲话；根据“At the year’s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years.”可知Rose大学毕业了，即d→b→c→a→e。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“She loved to dress up and enjoyed the attention from other students. She was living it up.”可知她喜欢打扮，喜欢受到其他学生的关注，她过得很充实，故划线部分意为“充分享受生活”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“You have to laugh and find humor every day. You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die”以及“But growing up requires finding opportunities in change.”可知每天都要笑，找到幽默，要坚持自己的梦想，在变化中寻找机会。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文并根据“We’d always keep her in mind because it is the wonderful woman who taught us by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be.”可知，本文主要讲述了87岁的Rose在大学追求梦想的故事，展现了她积极的人生态度以及对年轻人的启发，告诉我们年龄不应该限制一个人对梦想的追求。故选B。 （2024广州一模，A） One dark stormy night, an elderly couple hurried into a hotel and asked whether they could be put up for the night. “I'm sorry,” the clerk on night duty said politely. “All the rooms are taken tonight, but I can't send a nice couple like you out in the rain. Would you be willing to stay in my room? It's not exactly a hotel room but it will make you comfortable. As I'm on duty, I'll be staying up in the office anyway.” The elderly couple accepted his offer thankfully. The next day, when the old gentleman went to pay his bill, the clerk behind the reception desk was that same helpful young man. “The room you and your wife stayed in is not a proper guestroom so you don't need to pay,” said the clerk with the same friendly smile. The old gentleman nodded with a smile, “You're an employee （雇员） that every boss in the hotel business would dream of. Perhaps someday I'll build a hotel for you.” The clerk was amazed but he decided that the guest must have been joking. He gave no more thought to what the old man said. Two years later, the young man received a letter from the old gentleman in which he mentioned the experience of that dark stormy night. With the letter, there was an air ticket to New York and an invitation, asking the young man to pay a visit. At a street corner in Manhattan, the young man met his old guest. The gentleman pointed to a great new building and said, “Look, that is the hotel I promised to build for you. I hope you'll manage it for me.” The young man was shocked, “Sir, why do you choose me and who are you?” “My name is William Astor. Like I told you before, you are the best employee I could ever dream of.” This building was the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. This hotel has been a symbol in the city of New York and the No.1 choice for visiting leaders from different countries. The young man who became its first manager was George Boldt. He turned Waldorf into one of the most famous hotels in the world. 1．What can we know about the couple from the beginning of the story? A. They were all wet on a stormy night. B. They booked a hotel room before they arrived. C. They stayed in the hotel clerk's room for the night. D. They flew to New York hurriedly that night. 2．Why did the old gentleman nod with a smile after hearing the clerk's reply? A. Because the hotel room was comfortable. B. Because the price of the room was reasonable. C. Because he was satisfied with the clerk. D. Because he found the clerk's reply very funny. 3．How did the clerk feel when he heard the old gentleman's promise in paragraph 2? A. He didn't take it seriously. B. He found the decision amazing. C. He expected it to come true. D. He joked about it with others. 4．Why did William Astor choose George Boldt as the manager of his new hotel? A. Because George Boldt was kind and dependable. B. Because George Boldt was young and polite. C. Because William Astor always kept promises. D. Because George Boldt was popular among leaders. 本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一位善良的宾馆职员善意地对待一对老年夫妇，后来这对老夫妇开了一家酒店让他管理。这个故事告诉我们要善待别人，好人自有好报。 [答案]1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据职员说的“Would you be willing to stay in my room? It's not exactly a hotel room but it will make you comfortable.”及第一段最后一句话可知，那对夫妇晚上睡在职员的房间里, 故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据老先生说的“You're an employee that every boss in the hotel business would dream of. Perhaps someday I'll build a hotel for you.”可知，他很满意这个职员，所以点头微笑，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The clerk was amazed but he decided that the guest must have been joking. He gave no more thought to what the old man said.”可知，这个职员感到很吃惊，但是没过多考虑,故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据老先生说的“You're an employee that every boss in the hotel business would dream of. Perhaps someday I'll build a hotel for you.”以及“Like I told you before, you are the best employee I could ever dream of.”可知，老先生觉得乔治·博尔特是善良可靠的, 故选A。 真题实战 （2025·广东广州·中考真题）It was going to be a long afternoon. Aunt Jen and Uncle Pete were visiting, which meant I had to play with Amy. I was mixing salt with mud (泥) in the garden. Amy was dancing around like a butterfly. Maybe she could help prepare food for the butterflies. “Okay, Amy,” I said. “You can help spread this salt on the mud.” She took the salt shaker. “Are you growing butterflies like plants, Simon?” “Questions again!” I shook my head. This little girl had a lot to learn—just like me at her age, when my family started planting this butterfly garden. “Some butterflies need salt to stay healthy,” I explained. “Once, a butterfly sat right here on my arm, tasting my salty sweat.” “I want a butterfly to sit on me!” cried Amy. “I want to wear it like a flower!” “Butterflies don’t grow like flowers,” I said. “They fly wherever they like.” “Aww...make them come to me,” Amy said. “They will. They love our garden’s plants, with nice leaves and juice, and this...” I said, pointing to the salty mud. “I don’t like mud,” Amy said. “See, my new pink shoes are muddy—and pink’s my favorite color!” I tried to distract her attention. “Do you know butterflies have favorite colors, too?” “Pink?” Amy asked, starting to smile again. “They like purple better, and orange,” I explained, pointing to the nearby butterfly weed with dark orange flowers. “Look, a butterfly is drinking the juice of the flowers.” I kept talking so she wouldn’t try to catch it. “Butterfly weed is a perfect host plant. Butterflies lay eggs here, which become caterpillars, then chrysalises, and finally beautiful butterflies...” As I spoke, Amy saw a big bee. “Shoo! No bees allowed!” she cried. “Hey, it’s okay. Butterflies and bees both work for flowers,” I told her. “Butterflies work?” she asked. “Yes, listen...” We stayed in the garden until sunset. Then I smelt bread and suggested, “Let’s rest in the hammock.” As we lay together, Amy noticed a butterfly leaving a flower and cried, “Simon, it’s like a flying flower!” That made me smile. We swung gently back and forth, happy just to watch all the flowers—the ones that fly and those that don’t—until Mom called us in to dinner. 1．Why did Simon mix the salt with the mud? A．To play games with Amy. B．To prepare food for butterflies. C．To make the plants grow better. D．To make it safer for Amy to dance. 2．How did Simon feel when Amy asked her first question? A．He couldn’t believe how silly Amy was. B．He was surprised at Amy’s rich imagination. C．He was a bit impatient but also very understanding. D．He was glad that Amy was curious about butterflies. 3．What does the underlined phrase “distract her attention” mean in the story? A．Clean the mud off her shoes. B．Change her mind about mud. C．Keep her away from the mud. D．Get her to forget about the mud. 4．Why did Simon feel happy at the end of the story? A．The bread for dinner smelt good. B．He enjoyed the afternoon with Amy. C．The hammock was really comfortable. D．Amy thanked him for the butterfly lesson. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了Simon和表妹Amy在花园里度过的一个下午，Simon通过向Amy解释关于蝴蝶的知识，成功转移了她对泥巴的注意力，两人一起享受了观察蝴蝶和花朵的时光。 1．细节理解题。根据“Maybe she could help prepare food for the butterflies.”以及“Some butterflies need salt to stay healthy”可知，Simon混合盐和泥是为了给蝴蝶准备食物，因为有些蝴蝶需要盐来保持健康。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“‘Questions again!’ I shook my head. This little girl had a lot to learn—just like me at her age, when my family started planting this butterfly garden.”可知，当Amy问第一个问题时，Simon摇了摇头，觉得她有很多要学，这表现出他有点不耐烦，但同时也表现出他很理解Amy的好奇心，愿意教她。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“‘I don’t like mud,’ Amy said. ‘See, my new pink shoes are muddy—and pink’s my favorite color!’”可知，Amy不喜欢泥巴，她的新粉色鞋子沾上了泥巴，她很不喜欢。再根据后文Simon开始谈论蝴蝶喜欢的颜色，试图转移Amy的注意力，让她不再关注泥巴。因此，“distract her attention”在这里的意思是“转移她的注意力”，让她不再注意泥巴。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“That made me smile. We swung gently back and forth, happy just to watch all the flowers—the ones that fly and those that don’t—until Mom called us in to dinner.”可知，Simon在故事结尾感到开心是因为他和Amy一起享受了一个愉快的下午，一起观察了蝴蝶和花朵。故选B。 （2025·广东广州·中考真题）When I was young, my father took me outside to see the stars. Once we saw a comet (彗星)! It was the first comet I’d seen but wasn’t the last. My name is Caroline Herschel. I was born in Hanover, Germany in 1750. When I was 22, I moved to England to stay with my older brother, William. He was a musician and he offered me singing lessons. I helped him with housework in return. I practiced hard and soon started singing at his concerts. Life changed when William became interested in astronomy. He read about space late into the night. Breakfast often turned into a lesson about stars. I learned a lot from him. And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes—the special tools for seeing faraway things. To make the perfect mirrors for our telescopes, we heated metals and shaped them using special molds (模具). These molds were made from strange things, like dry horse waste. I had to break it into small bits. It was dirty work, but I didn’t mind. Someone had to do it. Making the mirrors smooth was very difficult. William invented a machine to help, but he still had to work without stopping for hours once he began. He couldn’t even stop to eat, so I fed him and read stories to keep him happy and relaxed. In 1781, William discovered something fantastic—a new planet! King George was so glad that he made William his astronomer. William made a telescope just for me. And I was able to search the sky along with him. On August 1, 1786, I found something special too—a comet! I watched it carefully for one more night and discovered it was real. Now everyone is talking about my comet. They call it the Lady’s Comet. This is the first comet I’ve ever discovered, but I don’t think it will be the last. Historical Note: After Caroline discovered her first comet, King George paid her to be William’s assistant (助手). She was one of the first women astronomers to be paid for her work. She went on to find seven more comets herself between 1786 and 1797. 1．Why did Caroline move to England? A．To live with her brother. B．To study at a music school. C．To sing at famous concerts. D．To look after a sick relative. 2．In what order did the following happen in Caroline’s life? a. She discovered her first comet.    b. Her brother built a telescope for her. c. Her brother became interested in space.    d. She built telescopes together with her brother. e. She got paid by King George to help with her brother’s work. A．c-d-b-a-e B．c-d-e-b-a C．c-b-d-a-e D．c-b-a-e-d 3．How many comets did Caroline discover by herself? A．One. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. 4．Which of the following best describes Caroline and William’s working relationship? A．Caroline gave William more help. B．Caroline had to do all the dirty work. C．William took care of most of the work. D．They were important to each other’s success. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了德国天文学家卡罗琳·赫歇尔的生平。 1．细节理解题。根据“I moved to England to stay with my older brother, William”可知卡罗琳搬到英国是为了与哥哥同住。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Life changed when William became interested in astronomy.”可知，她的哥哥威廉对天文学产生兴趣，这是最先发生的，对应c；根据“And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes”可知，兄妹俩一起制作望远镜，对应d，排除CD；根据“In 1781...William made a telescope just for me”可知，威廉为卡罗琳制作了一台望远镜，对应b，排除B。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Historical Note: After Caroline discovered her first comet... She went on to find seven more comets herself between 1786 and 1797.”可知，卡罗琳先发现1颗彗星，之后又发现7颗，总共发现8颗。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes”以及“He couldn’t even stop to eat, so I fed him and read stories to keep him happy and relaxed.”可知卡罗琳和威廉一起制造望远镜，在威廉工作时卡罗琳喂他吃饭、给他读故事，他们的工作是相互配合的，对彼此的成功都很重要。故选D。 （2025·广东·中考真题） Are mosquitoes driving you crazy?This summer, make some mint oil to drive them away! Mosquitoes are awful. They seem to be everywhere and may bite you badly. This makes mint (薄荷) oil a perfect gift for your family and friends in summer. This weekend, you can try making mint oil FOR FREE. Time: 9:00 a.m.— 11:50 a.m. Saturday (July 5) Place: Riverside Community Center Please note: ♥ We’ll get all the tools and materials ready. ♥ For 40 people only. First come, first served. ♥ To book a place for the activity, please call Lucy at 345878 by 7:00 p.m. Friday. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For those who would like to practice it at home, here are the steps: ◆ Cut up the mint. Put it into a bottle with olive (橄榄) oil. ◆ Cover the bottle and place it in hot water. ◆ When the water cools down, move the bottle to a warm area and leave it there for at least two hours. ◆ Pour the mixture onto a thin piece of cotton cloth on top of a dark bottle. Let the oil go through the cloth into the bottle. Now you get your homemade mint oil. 1．When will this community event take place? A．This Friday afternoon. B．Next Friday afternoon. C．This Saturday morning. D．Next Saturday morning. 2．How many people can take part in the activity? A．At least forty. B．At least fifty. C．At most forty. D．At most fifty. 3．Why would people call Lucy before the event? A．To win a gift. B．To book a place. C．To get mint oil. D．To buy some tools. 4．What is the right order of the steps? A．③→①→②→④B．②→④→①→③ C．②→①→③→④ D．③→②→④→① 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce an activity. B．To survey the users of a product. C．To recommend a product. D．To report the success of an activity. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一个社区举办的免费制作薄荷油的活动的海报，包括活动时间、地点、参与人数限制和报名方式，并提供了在家自制薄荷油的详细步骤。 1．细节理解题。根据“This weekend, you can try making mint oil FOR FREE.”和“Time: 9:00 a.m.— 11:50 a.m. Saturday (July 5)”可知，活动时间为本周六上午。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“For 40 people only. First come, first served.”可知，活动最多允许40人参加。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“To book a place for the activity, please call Lucy at 345878 by 7:00 p.m. Friday.”可知，联系Lucy是为了提前预定活动名额。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Cut up the mint. Put it into a bottle with olive oil.”可知，切碎薄荷并放入橄榄油瓶中，对应③；根据“Cover the bottle and place it in hot water.”可知，密封瓶子并放入热水中，对应②；根据“When the water cools down, move the bottle to a warm area and leave it there for at least two hours.”可知，冷却后移至温暖处静置两小时，对应④；根据“Pour the mixture onto a thin piece of cotton cloth... Now you get your homemade mint oil.”可知，过滤得到薄荷油，对应①。正确顺序为 ③→②→④→①。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍社区活动信息及自制薄荷油的方法，目的是宣传活动并鼓励参与。故选A。 （2024·广东·中考真题） Welcome to Top Discovery Space (TDS)! This is a good place for you and your kids to have fun through different kinds of hands-on activities, including experiencing 3D-printing, doing chemistry games, growing vegetables and exploring the secrets of space. All these activities need close parent-child cooperation. It is what we value most. We organize many activities for parents and children to do together. To make sure every visitor enjoys their time at TDS, we have to remind you to follow these rules: Parents should stay with their children during the visit. For children’s safety, parents must go through the instructions for the activities carefully. All visitors are required to wear socks (no shoes allowed) within indoor areas. You may ask our workers at the front desk for a pair. Visitors are not supposed to take photos here. Our teachers will catch your unforgettable moments during your visit. Your photos will be sent to you by email if you need them. Eating and drinking is only allowed in the picnic area. Opening time: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day Price: 50 dollars for one ticket Please note: One ticket covers one adult and one child.            Please buy one more ticket for another adult or child. 1．What can visitors do at TDS? A．Watch 3D movies. B．Take chemistry tests. C．Learn about space. D．Make vegetable salads. 2．What does TDS care about most? A．Parent-child cooperation. B．Children’s learning experience. C．Children’s health and safety. D．Teacher-student communication. 3．Who is advised to read the activity directions carefully? A．Teachers. B．Children. C．Workers. D．Parents. 4．How many tickets do you need if you go to TDS with your parents? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 5．What kind of text is this passage? A．A story. B．A diary. C．A notice. D．A report. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是Top Discovery Space活动广告信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“including experiencing 3D-printing, doing chemistry games, growing vegetables and exploring the secrets of space”可知，包括体验3D打印、做化学游戏、种植蔬菜和探索太空的秘密，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“All these activities need close parent-child cooperation. It is what we value most.”可知，亲子密切合作是我们最看重的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“For children’s safety, parents must go through the instructions for the activities carefully.”可知，家长必须仔细阅读活动说明。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“One ticket covers one adult and one child. Please buy one more ticket for another adult or child.”可知，一张票包括一个大人和一个小孩。请为另一位成人或儿童多买一张票。所以如果你和父母一起去TDS，你需要买2张票，故选B。 5．推理判断题。本文是Top Discovery Space活动广告信息，所以是一则通知，故选C。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（记叙文和应用文）（广东省卷、深圳、广州） 内●容●导●航 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 题型概述 考向分类 技巧点拨 第二部分 考向突破 微观解剖，精细教学 考向01 主旨大意题 考向02 细节理解题 考向03 推理判断题 考向04 词义猜测题 第三部分 题型训练 整合应用，模拟实战 题●型●解●码 题型概述 阅读理解是一种综合性很强的题型，重点考查考生的词汇量、语法运用、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维能力、推理能力、归纳总结和判断能力，以及对各国文化背景的了解程度。中考的阅读理解题选材广泛，包括幽默故事、日常生活、人物传记、科普知识、社会文化、图表和新闻报道等。 考向分类 类型一 主旨大意题 类型二 细节理解题 类型三 推理判断题 类型四 词义猜测题 技巧点拨 一、主旨题： 主旨题所提问题主要涉及到文章的主题（中心思想）、标题、作者的观点态度、写作目的、以及文章的语气等。我们首先要找出文章的主题句，一般我们可以在以下几个地方找到： 1、段首句，演绎型文章的主题句通常能在段落的开头部分。 2、段末句，归纳型文章的主题句通常在段落的结尾部分。 3、段中句，如果主题句既不在段首，也不在段末，则我们应仔细地在该段的中心部分去寻找。 4、暗示句，有的主题句并非明示，而是通过某种独特的描述方式或修以辞手段委婉、含蓄地提出来的即暗示句。这种暗示句难度较大，它可能不是一个完整的句子而只是一个词。 二、细节理解题 做阅读理解题，首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意，另外还需要搞清楚文中的一些重要细节或事实。细节题在阅读理解部分占比较大，涉及的内容广，包括人物、时间、地点、数目、原因、结果以及文字结构等。这类题目相对要简单一些，它们有两个共同的特点： 1、针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读短文材料中找到对应的文字部分来验证。当然，它可能是一个单词或者短语，也有可能是一个句子或相关的几个句子，但单词、句式和表达方式不同。 2、干扰项常常是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂难辨。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。 三、猜测题: 1.通过上下文去进行猜测。特别要注意与这个词紧密相连的前后几个词语的意思, 2.利用构词法来进行猜测。常用的构词法有派生法，转化法以及合成法。英语中有相当大一部分单词都是由这三种构词法变来的，这些词的构成一般都有一定的规律，掌握一些常见的规律，对于猜测试题中遇到的生词大有帮助。 四、推理题： 1.事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节,是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断,要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。 2.逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景,人物的表情,动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。 3.对作者的意图和态度的推断 考●向●突●破 考向01 细节理解题 方法1：线索句定位法 所谓线索句，就是为我们提供正确答案的线索，对线索句的精准定位，是阅读高分的秘诀。 首先，英语阅读的试题顺序往往对应着段落顺序，按照出题顺序，依次往下找，就能迅速定位到段落；其次，定位到段后，粗略对比，迅速找到与试题所给句子中单词/短语重复较多的目标句；最后，将目标句与试题选项的句子仔细比对，找出区别，逐个排除错误项，定位答案。 典例题分析 To hold a pajama party, the host will usually plan some fun activities such as watching movies and playing board games and video games. He or she should also prepare some delicious snacks and fun food like pizza. Guests at a pajama party should bring their own pajamas, toothbrushes, pillows and blankets. But if they forget something, they don't need to worry because the host will give them what they need. If a pajama party is mainly for fun, a prom is no doubt a very important thing in most American schools. A prom is a formal dance party that is held at a high school. The party is usually held near the end of the senior year, the last year of high school, so it is often called graduation (毕业) dance. Students should wear formal clothes at the prom... 2. The students ______ at a prom. A. wear formal clothes B. wear pajama C. play fun games D. are all surprised 方法2：语意转换法 Fifty-seven years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first came out in the world of toys. Since then, Barbie doll, as everyone called her, has become the most famous toy doll in history. Her parent, the Mattel Company, said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home. However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present. There are many dolls on the market in competition with her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, came to life seventeen years ago. She looks more like today's pop stars with heavy makeup (浓妆) and miniskirts. Barbie's trouble is that ______. A. it wears heavy makeup and miniskirts B. other dolls are more popular with girls C. other dolls are trying to beat her in the market D. it is more expensive than the other dolls 方法3：选项vs原文比对法 比对法常用于正误判断类试题，就是以文章为依据，对选项中所涉及的内容做出正误判断，可能是针对某一细节，也可能是针对文章大意等。主要考查学生对多处细节或段落大意，文章大意的理解能力。 Everybody needs water. Everything needs water. We use water to wash bowls, clothes and ourselves. Where does all water come from? It comes from the clouds. Some of the rain sinks(渗入) into the ground. Many people get water from the ground. Some rain water comes down the mountains into streams(小溪). The streams come together to make lakes. Many people get water from these lakes. Water can change itself. When water gets very cold, it becomes ice. When water gets very hot, it becomes steam. Which is True? A. Animals need water, too. B. All rain water becomes streams. C. When it is hot, stream becomes steam. D. When it is hot, water becomes ice. 方法4：逻辑顺序厘清法 逻辑顺序厘清法，就是根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。主要考查学生对文章细节中事物发展顺序的理解能力。 While at the beach this afternoon, I met a boy called Bob. We talked a lot. He said that it was fun playing on the cliffs(悬崖). I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place (Mum and Dad had always told me it was dangerous to play there). He called me a coward. I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave as him, so I agreed to go with him. We wanted to make our way down to explore(探索) the area. So Bob started to climb down and I followed him. Unluckily, some rocks came down after us. One of them nearly hit my head. We could not get back up. We shouted and shouted for help, but for a long time no help came. I was really scared. I wanted to cry. Then, we heard some sounds. Someone had heard us. A woman tied a rope around herself while a man at the cliff top held the rope. She made her way down to save us. My parents were relieved(宽慰的) that I wasn't hurt, but they were angry that I had done such a dangerous thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again. In what order did the events happen? a. Some rocks came down. b. The writer followed Bob. c. The writer wanted to cry. d. A man and a woman saved them. e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds. A. a-b-c-d-e B. b-a-c-e-d C. a-c-b-e d D. b-c-a-e-d 方法5 数字计算法 Shared chargers (共享充电宝) have already appeared at 37 sites in Xi'an. People in Xi'an can find them in places like restaurants and shopping malls.      How to enjoy the special service? That's easy! Users can scan a QR code (扫描二维码) on a machine to rent one of the chargers. Of course, before using, users need to pay a deposit (押金) of 100 yuan. But if a user's Alipay-based Zhima credit score is over 600, he or she doesn't have to pay a deposit. The chargers are free to use for the first hour, and will cost 1 yuan per hour after that. You can spend at most 10 yuan a day. So don't worry about the cost!​​​​​​​      Jim used a shared charger for 3 hours for the first time and he should pay ______ for it. A.1 yuan B.2 yuan C.3 yuan D.10 yuan 考向02 词义猜测题 方法1 词义猜测法 词义猜测指通过构词、定义、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义。通常包括生词释义、熟词新义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词汇的理解辨别能力。 A woman bought a parrot from a pet store. However, the woman decided to return the parrot to the shop the next day.     "This bird doesn't talk," she told the pet shop owner.     "Does he have a mirror in his cage (笼子)?" the owner asked. "Parrots love mirrors."     The woman bought a mirror and left. The next day she came back, saying that the bird still wasn't talking. The underlined word "parrot" in paragraph 1 means "______" in Chinese. A.孔雀 B.鹦鹉 C.鸽子 D. 老鹰 方法2 短语猜测法 短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能力。  Jim likes sugar and cakes very much. He always eats some food with sugar before going to bed.     One morning, Jim was crying in bed before he got up.     "What's the matter, dear?" his mother asked in a hurry.     "I've got a toothache," said Jim.     So his mother took him to the dentist's. The dentist looked him over and pulled out his bad tooth at last.     Two days later, Jim went to school. Mrs. Hunt asked him, "What was the matter with you those days, Jim?"     "I had a had toothache, madam," answered Jim.     "Oh, I'm sorry to hear that," said Mrs. Hunt. "Is it better now?"     "I don't know, madam. I left it at the dentist's." What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase "pull out"? A.切开 B.拔掉 C.缝补 D.组装 方法3 根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法 在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个单词的意思，就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外，有时作者也会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/短语常见的有: (whether) ...or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, instead, rather than,, on the other hand等 There is a supermarket next to my house. You can buy all kinds of things there. The clothes in it are expensive, but the food is cheap... The Chinese meaning of “cheap” is ________. A.美味的 B.昂贵的 C.难的 D.廉价的 方法4构词法猜词法 在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy, fair-unfair等; 后缀-ment表名词, 如develop-development, state-statement等; 后-er、-or或-ist表同源名词: 如calculate-calculator, visit-visitor, wait-waiter, science-scientist等，如果一来，这些问题便不难解决了。 考向03 推理判断题 方法1 逻辑推理法 逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。 The best way to learn English is to have a good environment. Take notes in English, put English books around your room, listen to English radios, watch English news, movies and TV programs. Speak English with your friends whenever you can. The more English materials that you have around you, the faster you will learn it. Many people think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are making progress. According to the passage, English exercises and tests are ______. A. very necessary B. not helpful at all C. very boring D. not important 方法2 观点态度判定法 观点态度判定法，就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出来的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能力。 What the primary school in Fuzhou is doing is worth praising. Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school experiences more meaningful. What does the writer think of doing chores? A. He thinks it's a waste of time. B. He thinks it's the parents' job. C. He can't understand. D. He thinks it's good for students. 方法3 目的意图判定法 目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归纳总结和分析的能力。 There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.     Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating (漂浮) around out there. It harms ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.     Though it is hard work, it can be solved. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______. A. introduce some ways to recycle waste B. tell readers about the problem with plastics C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste 方法4 文章出处判定法 文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。 Have you ever wanted to achieve a goal and ended up doing lots of research on how to achieve it? As you learned more and more, it seemed you knew less and less. That is because when you learned a new concept (概念), you found that there was a lot more to know about it. Usually, people think they need to get more and more information before trying a new idea... One of the best ways to learn is to take action and learn from the results... Learning more is great but if all you're doing is learning and not taking action, it's time to change that. Just take the first step. We can usually read the passage in ______. A. a storybook B. a newspaper C. an advertisement D. a guidebook 方法5 读者对象判定法 读者对象判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推断能力。 What can you do with cyberbullying (网络欺凌)? If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know or like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher. If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family, or the police. Ask an adult for help. Don't share anything before you make sure it is true. Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always remember: think about how to be kind in the future. This passage is mainly written for ______. A. teachers B. parents C. child D. the police 方法6 写作目的判定法 目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归纳总结和分析的能力。 There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.     Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating (漂浮) around out there. It harms ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.     Though it is hard work, it can be solved. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______. A. introduce some ways to recycle waste B. tell readers about the problem with plastics C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste 方法7 论证方式判定法 论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观点，证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。 The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It is reported that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung (三星) CEO BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether itˈs a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器). The Samsung CEO’s speech is mentioned to prove(证明) that ____ A. Samsung produced the Internet of things in the past. B. The Internet of things will come into our daily life sooner. C. He spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things D. Samsung products are part of the Internet of things. 方法8 篇章结构判定法 篇章结构判定法，就是对文章整体的结构，或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结，常以排序或结构图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。 Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China, it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy or lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might even complain to the owner of the restaurant. Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for everybody. In western countries, one person pays when he or she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called “Going Dutch”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, people are expected to tip between 15%and 20%of the bill, which is decided by how good the service is. Good waiters can make a lot of money! Different countries have different customs. When you travel to another country, please follow its customs, just as the saying goes “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best? (①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4 ) A.①;②③;④ B.①;②; ③④ C.①②;③;④ D.①;②③④ 考向04 主旨大意题 方法1 文章大意总结法 文章大意，就是对整篇文章的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对整篇文章主旨大意的理解归纳能力。 When accepting gifts, rules are different here in China and in the west. Anna Scheen, from the Netherlands, was puzzled(困惑的) when she gave a present to her Chinese friends for the first time. "They refused to accept it two or three times, and when they finally accepted, they didn't open it. They just took it and put it away. After that, I never heard about it again. They never mentioned whether they liked it or not." she said. In the west, it is polite to open a wrapped (包装好的) gift in front of the giver and say thanks. However, the situation is different in China. People usually open the gift after the giver has left. Opening a gift in front of the giver is regarded as impolite. The main idea of the passage is about ______. A. the different rules of accepting presents B. how to give a gift in China C. how to choose a good gift D. the western rules of accepting gifts 方法2 段落大意总结法 段落大意，就是对文章的某一段落的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对文章中某一段落主旨大意的理解归纳能力。 Nate Robinson is unlike any other player in the NBA. This player is the shortest in the NBA, but he is one of the most fearless players. He is 1.75m tall. "In NBA, he looks like a fourth-grader among a group of high school students." according to The Atlantic. How can he compete(竞争) with them？... Paragraph 1 of the report mainly talks about _____. A. how great Nate Robinson is B. how Nate Robinson is unlike any other player C. how fearless Nate Robinson is D. who Nate Robinson is 方法3 标题判断法 标题判断，就是根据文章内容，在选项中判断出一个与之相符的标题。主要考查学生对文章大意理解和概括的能力。 A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2000 years ago. Now paper comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. So how can we save paper? We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets (小包). We can also use handkerchiefs (手帕) and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags... Everyone can help to save paper. And we should do it now, before it is too late. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Saving Paper B. The History of Paper C. Cotton Handkerchiefs Back Again D. Cai Lun Invented Paper 考向04 主题分类 主题一人与自我 （1）对学习或生活的态度与管理 （2025·广东深圳·二模）Thomas Dambo is a famous artist who creates large artworks from recycled materials and places them in nature. These artworks all look good in nature. His most famous works are giant trolls (巨魔), which can be found in forests and gardens around the world. Dambo, 45, grew up in Odense, Denmark. His father repaired bicycles, and his mother was a teacher and seamstress (女裁缝). As a child, he enjoyed finding different recycled things to make art. “You can build anything out of anything if you just try it,” he said. Since 2011, Dambo has been a full-time recycling artist. His early works, including birdhouses and plastic animals, have used hundreds of pieces of recycled materials and can now be found in twenty countries around the world. One of his newest projects, Alexa’s Elixir, is a six-piece fair in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota. It includes five huge trolls made from 25 tons of wasted wood and a golden rabbit made from recycled plastic. These huge artworks were built with the help of 300 volunteers and are hidden in local parks for people to discover. Dambo hopes to place trolls in every U.S. state to encourage people to protect forests. “The world is running out of resources and is full of rubbish. And my art shows that these two problems are each other’s solutions,” said Dambo. If you are interested, you can find where Dambo’ works are by visiting www.trollmap.com. 1．What is Tomas Dambo famous for according to Paragraph 1? A．Finding recycled materials in the forest. B．Travelling around the world on his own. C．Drawing pictures of large artworks in nature. D．Making giant trolls with recycled materials. 2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Where there is life, there is hope. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Nothing is impossible to a willing man. D．There are two sides to every question. 3．How many artworks are there in Dambo’s newest project Alexa’s Elixir? A．5 pieces. B．6 pieces. C．25 pieces. D．300 pieces. 4．What’s Dambo’s purpose of placing the trolls in every U.S. state? A．To teach people how to make giant trolls. B．To set up a new travel site in each US state. C．To call on people to support forest protection. D．To make his artworks famous around the world. 5．From which part of a newspaper can we find this passage? A．Science. B．Sports. C．Business. D．Environment. （2）学校生活与劳动教育 （2025·广东佛山·二模） Join in the National Junior Ranger Day! Are you ready for an exciting day in the park? Join us for National Junior Ranger Day! As part of National Park Week, National Junior Ranger Day provides students aged from 7 to 22 with fun activities. No need to book—just show up!·Time: 9:00 am—5:00 pm, Saturday, May 19 ·Activities: 1. Young Washington’s Survey Map Adventure (9:30AM—5:00 PM): Bring a compass (指南针) and a map to find survey points around the park .Complete the adventure to get a park pin (徽章)！2. Memorial House Museum Open (9:30AM—12:00 PM &2:00 PM—4:30 PM): George Washington was born here! Step into the museum to learn about his life story. Entering the museum is free!3. National Junior Ranger Day Program (3:30 PM—4:30 PM): The experienced rangers will have a party to greet the new member. They will hand out activity books to kids taking part in. The book covers look super cool, with pictures of twelve different animals and plants. The day ends with a nature walk at 4:30 p. m. You surely don’t want to miss it!·Got questions? Just call Dustin Baker at 804 224 225 or click here for more information. 1．Who can join in the National Junior Ranger Day? A．Kate, a preschooler, 4 years old. B．Jenny, a student, 15 years old. C．Sam, a cook, 18 years old. D．Mike, a worker, 22 years old. 2．How long does the whole event last? A．4 hours. B．6 hours. C．8 hours. D．10 hours. 3．How can you get a park pin if you show up in the activity? A．By telling life stories in the nature walk. B．By making a phone call to Dustin Baker. C．By visiting the Memorial House Museum. D．By finishing the Survey Map Adventure. 4．What does the cover of the activity book look like? A． B． C． D． 5．We can most probably read this passage from ________. A．An official website B．A school board C．A storybook for kids D．A city guidebook （3）安全与救护 (2024中山一模，A) Kitchen Safety Rules The kitchen is often the center of activity in many homes, but it has a lot of possible dangers. When it comes to preventing accidents in the kitchen, there is no one-size-fits-all approach. However, there are some general rules of kitchen safety that everyone, especially children should follow to ensure a safe kitchen. Preparation: Always wash your hands before and after touching food. Tie back long hair. Wear an apron （围裙） and roll up your sleeves. Cleaning: Keep the food preparation surface clean. Wash fruit and vegetables under cold water before use. ▲: Always ask an adult for permission before using knives or going near hot things. Use knives and other sharp tools with care. Don't put tools on the edge （边缘） of the work table. When using a knife, always cut away from yourself to avoid cutting yourself. Use oven mitts （手套） when taking hot dishes from the oven or microwave. Special Attention: Clean food spills （溢出） as soon as they happen. Do not run around the kitchen where food is being prepared. 1．Which of the following is suggested after touching food? A. Tie back long hair. B. Wear an apron. C. Roll up your sleeves. D. Wash your hands. 2．You are supposed to ask for permission from your parents before you ______. A. wear an apron B. put things into a microwave C. fill a cup of very hot water D. wash fruit and vegetables 3．Which of the following can be filled in “ ▲ ”? A. Knives B. Hot Things C. Work Table D. Tools 4．Where might you see the poster? A. In a store selling kitchen tools. B. On a cooking website for children. C. On the wall of a restaurant. D. In a cooking handbook for adults. 5．What is the purpose of this poster? A. To tell people, especially children, how to keep safe in a kitchen. B. To train children how to use knives and sharp tools. C. To teach people, especially children, how to make a preparation for cooking. D. To sell kitchen tools to people, especially children. 主题二 人与社会 （1）人际交往互助与志愿活动 （2025·广东广州·二模）In a peaceful Ohio town, 14-year-old Emily found a mysterious box when she was cleaning her dead grandmother’s room one day. When she opened the box, there was a cloth inside. Under the cloth was a silver necklace with a blue gem (宝石) that reflected rainbow colors in the sunlight. Though simple in style, it reminded Emily of Grandma’s bedtime. The gem sparkled and showed rainbow colors in the sun just like roses. “Grandma loved roses,” Emily said quietly. She touched the necklace gently. The necklace looked simple, but it made Emily think of the stories Grandma told her about their family’s treasure. “This necklace has a long history,” she said and put it around her neck. She felt warm, just like Grandma’s hug. One day, Emily went to the town museum with her school. She saw an old painting and stopped. “Lily, look!” she shouted and pulled her friend’s arm. The woman in the painting wore the same necklace! The guide, Mr. Thompson, came over. “That necklace belonged to Clara Bennett. She started our town,” he said happily. “She wore it when she built schools and helped poor people. People thought it could give them courage.” Emily touched her necklace. Her heart beat fast. “Grandma said it was special,” she told Lily. Lily smiled, “Now I know why you’re so brave!” But then, something bad happened. That afternoon, Emily ran to catch the school bus. Suddenly, she heard a loud “snap”. “Oh no!” she cried. The necklace chain broke, and the gem fell into the tall grass by the bus stop. Lily said, “Let’s find it together!” But they couldn’t. Emily kept looking until it got dark. She cried. “I lost my family treasure. Grandma will be sad.” That night, Emily dreamed of Grandma singing their favorite song. When she woke up, the necklace was on her desk, fixed. There was a note from her mom: “I found it under the streetlight. True courage means believing things will come back, Love, Mom.” Emily held the necklace tightly. The sun shone on Clara’s picture in her history book, and the gem in the picture seemed to smile at her. “Thank you, Grandma,” Emily said quietly. “I’ll always keep this courage with me.” 1．What did Emily find one day? A．Clara’s clothes. B．Her history book. C．Grandma’s roses. D．Her family treasure. 2．What did Lily mean by saying “Now I know why you’re so brave!”? A．The necklace was simple but it had a long history. B．The necklace was like Grandma’s hug and it made Emily feel warm. C．The necklace encouraged Emily and made her face difficulties without fear. D．Clara Bennet started the town, built schools and passed them to Emily’s family. 3．Which of the following is true according to the story? A．Emily found Clara’s picture in her grandma’s home. B．Emily found out the history of the necklace from her museum trip. C．Mr. Thompson found the lost gem for Emily and wrote a note to her. D．Clara told Emily that courage meant believing things would come back. 4．Which can be the best title of the story? A．A Magic Box B．Clara’s Painting C．Emily’s Museum Trip D．An Encouraging Necklace （2024湖北武汉，B） The silence of the pond（池塘） was broken by the first cry: “Found something!” A swimmer ducked（扎入） into the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat. On a fine Sunday morning in May, a team of 10 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Women Against Underwater Rubbish（OWAUR）, looked for rubbish across Nova Pond in Scotia. When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn't even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic lighter they had found. “We had to ask a young person.” Part protection organization, part social club, OWAUR only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from a moment of Sandy, a retired（退休的） reporter. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan（标语）: “OVER 65, IF YOU'RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IS THE AGE OF ACTION.” Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think. When many people thanked OWAUR for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old women”.“You should call yourselves the Mermaids（美人鱼） Against Underwater Rubbish,” they said. 1．What does “another” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. A pond. B. A swimmer. C. A glass bottle. D. A boat. 2．The underlined word “mission” means “______”. A. an important task B. a fair game C. an interesting show D. a secret meeting 3．By searching for the rubbish in the ponds, OWAUR ______. A. found interest and did well B. changed people's hobbies C. improved their health a lot D. won fame and got prizes 4．Why were the old women regarded as Mermaids? A. They must be good at swimming. B. They could be trusted by some people. C. They should be responsible for their group. D. They might be thought young and beautiful. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A. A Swimming Club B. A Worrying Pond C. A Ducking Moment D. A Warning Slogan （2）节假日及其活动 (2024惠州一模，A) Holiday Fair （集市） of Fuhua Mall Fuhua Mall is welcoming the summer holiday. With lights up, shop windows decorated （装饰） and music in the air, the mall is filled with holiday joy. Everyone will have a better chance to relax from work and study. That makes this weekend more interesting than usual. This weekend, the mall will hold a holiday gift fair. It will sell handmade goods as special gifts. These handmade goods are all from primary and junior high school students in the nearby school. The manager promised to use the money he sold for making their schools better. The market on Saturday, July 1st offers a full day of shopping, dining and festival activities for students of all ages （including adults）. In addition to shopping and dining, special activities also include: ●Holiday DIY for students ●Holiday train ride for students ●Summer movies viewing party ●Live music all day—students' concerts and band shows... Please note that student projects are only for students. And students under the age of 12 need at least one adult to protect them when they take part in the activities. Tickets: 15 yuan/adult 10 yuan/junior high school student 7 yuan/primary school student Address: No. 58 at the Huizhou Broadway Street Know more: Please clickwww.fuhuamall.org/holiday.com 1．This weekend will be more interesting because ______. A. the summer holiday is coming B. the mall is filled with special gifts C. everyone will have a better chance to relax D. there will be a holiday gift fair 2．You can buy handmade goods made by ______. A. 5-year-old Li Lei B. 50-year-old Liu Hua C. 25-year-old Lin Mei D. 15-year-old Hu Zhen 3．At this fair, adults can ______. ①go shopping and dining ②watch summer movies ③enjoy band shows ④do holiday DIY ⑤have a holiday train ride A. ①②③ B. ①④⑤ C. ②③⑤ D. ③④⑤ 4．To join the activities, Mr. Li and his two children （aged 10 and 14） should pay ______. A. 29 yuan B. 32 yuan C. 35 yuan D. 45 yuan 5．You can probably read this article in ______. A. a storybook B. a newspaper C. a website D. a guidebook （3）文学与艺术 （2024广州二模，B） It was dark. Holmes, Lestrade and I moved towards the house. “Let's wait here,” Holmes said. “We can hide behind these rocks. Watson, go to the house and see what they are doing. Make sure they don't see you.” I hid behind a wall. I could see Mr. Stapleton and Sir Henry sitting at a table. Then, Mr. Stapleton left the room and walked to a shed （棚屋） in the yard. He opened the door and there was a strange noise from inside. After a minute he locked the door and went back into the house. I hurried back to report everything to Lestrade and Holmes. There was now a thick white fog over the moor （荒野）. “The fog is getting thicker,” said Holmes. “This is very serious—Sir Henry must leave Mr. Stapleton's house soon.” Suddenly, we heard footsteps. They got closer and we saw Sir Henry walking towards us through the fog. Then, we heard something. A terrible animal appeared. It was a huge black hound （猎犬）. There was fire coming from its mouth and its huge eyes were glowing （发光）. The hound ran after Sir Henry. Holmes and I both fired our guns. We hit it but the hound didn't stop. It jumped on Sir Henry and pushed him to the ground. Holmes pointed his gun and shot the hound five times. The giant hound was dead. Sir Henry was lying on the path. We ran to him and found he was alive. I put my hand on the hound's glowing face and found my own fingers glowed in the dark. “Phosphorous （含磷的）,” I said. We walked towards Merripit House to search for Mr. Stapleton. In the house we didn't find him, but we found Mrs. Stapleton tied up in a bedroom. We untied her. When she knew Sir Henry was alive and the hound was dead, she cried, “Thank God!” “Now we have proof （证据）, but we need Mr. Stapleton,” said Holmes. （Adapted from The Hound of the Baskervilles） 1．What did Watson see Stapleton do in the yard? A. He took the hound for a walk in the yard. B. He looked at the thick fog with Sir Henry. C. He drank and talked with Sir Henry happily. D. He opened a shed door and locked it again soon. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A. Sir Henry and the hound. B. The unknown footsteps. C. Mr. Stapleton and the hound. D. The fog and the wind. 3．According to the story, what's the order of the following events? a.Holmes killed the hound with his gun. b.Sir Henry came out of the house to the path. c.We found Mrs. Stapleton in Merripit House. d.Giant hound ran after Sir Henry. e.Mr. Stapleton opened a shed door. A. e-b-d-a-c B. e-b-d-c-a C. b-e-d-a-c D. b-e-d-c-a 4．What do you think will happen next in the novel? A. Mr. Stapleton will tell Holmes what he has done. B. Sir Henry will be in danger after returning home. C. Mrs. Stapleton will take us to search for Mr. Stapleton. D. Holmes will talk about Mr. Stapleton's case at once. 主题三 人与自然 （1）绿色生活与环境保护 （2025·广东广州·二模）Ken was going to play football in the park with his best friend John. When they were about to leave, Ken’s mum came back with a letter. “Bad news,” she said. “The apartment managers want to build a fitness centre where the park is.” Ken’s heart dropped. The park wasn’t just their football field—it was also home to the ancient sandalwood trees. John complained, “They didn’t even ask us!” Determined, the boys wrote a letter that evening. “We’ll explain how the park helps everyone!” Ken said, typing angrily. The next morning, they marched to the management office, hearts pounding. The managers listened politely as they read their letter. “But more people will use a new fitness centre,” Ms. Brown, one of the managers said, her smile not reaching her eyes. Then she walked the boys out. “They didn’t care at all!” Ken said as they walked towards the park. Then they stopped at the entrance. A shiny new sign read: “Future Home of Fitness Centre.” Behind it, the grand sandalwood tree stood tall, its leaves rustling sadly in the wind. A wild idea came to Ken. “Let’s make the tree SPEAK!” They raced home, grabbed cardboard and markers, and created a sign: “I’m a Hawaiian sandalwood. I don’t grow anywhere else in the world. My family almost died out forever. Please save me!” Hanging it on the tree, they stepped back. “Do you think anyone will notice?” John whispered. The next afternoon, to their surprise, dozens of handmade signs were put on the trees in the park! “I clean air for people daily!?” hung on a palm tree. “My flowers make Hawaiian leis—symbols of love!” bloomed beside a bush. Even the grass had a sign: “I stop floods by holding the soil!” People in the community crowded around, discussing. Ms. Brown stared at a sign about heart medicine. “My grandma’s pills...could they come from plants?” she wondered aloud. Days later, Ms. Brown invited the boys to her office, her strict face softened. “The voices of the trees are heard.” She said, “We decided to upgrade the old fitness centre and keep the park for outdoor yoga and t’ai chi.” That evening, Ken and John played football under the sandalwood tree, its leaves now dancing happily. “Who knew trees could shout so loud?” John laughed. “Sometimes,” Ken grinned, “you just need to listen.” 1．Why were Ken and John worried at the beginning? A．They were not asked for opinions. B．They had to say goodbye to the park. C．They were going to lose their homes. D．They couldn’t play football anymore. 2．What difficulty did the boys have while dealing with the case? A．Their hard work was laughed at by others. B．Their idea didn’t get the managers’ attention. C．Their kind words brought fun to the managers. D．Their reasons weren’t accepted by more people. 3．What was the key that helped change the managers’ decision? A．The voices of the community. B．The letter written by Ken and John. C．The board the boys made together. D．The sadness trees expressed by speaking. 4．How did Ken and John achieve what they wanted? A．With help and advice. B．With luck and kindness. C．With support and magic. D．With courage and creativity. 基础过关 （一） （2024广州一模，B） For 16-year-old Ma Yifei, the violin performance of the Beijing 2022 Olympics theme song, Snowflake, was her best present for Paralympians （残奥会运动员） all over the world. Though snowflakes were related to winter, she let others feel warmth, hope and light through her performance. Ma went blind at the age of two because of an illness. She fell in love with music when she was young. She began to learn to play the piano at five and the violin at nine, experiencing the “colorful” music through sound and emotion. Ma's mother Ha Chunyan, was a music teacher in a primary school and helped her memorize the music score （乐谱） before she played the piano. Ma could not see the keys and always played the wrong notes. It took her thousands of tries to play a piece correctly. Learning the violin was more challenging. Ma needed to feel the teacher's hands, arms and back to learn the movements, and listen to the strings （弦） over and over again to feel the muscles （肌肉） herself. “After three years of learning, she still could not make any sound except terrible noises,” said Ha, who advised her daughter to give up the violin. But Ma said, “As I've been practising so long, it's hard to give up. I believe I will play better if I persist in practising.” In 2018, Ma got a chance to follow two famous musicians Sheng Yuan and Cao Yuhan from the Central Conservatory of Music and study music in Beijing. She left her home in Ningxia to follow her musical dream, though she knew there would be more challenges ahead. Ma expressed her excitement about performing at the big event. “All my hard work has paid off. I'm proud of standing on the stage today.” 1．How does the writer describe Ma's difficulties in learning the violin? A. By questioning. B. By listing numbers. C. By offering advice. D. By giving examples. 2．Which is the correct order according to the passage? a.Ma got a chance to study music in Beijing. b.Ma performed the Beijing 2022 Olympic Games theme song. c.Ma began to learn to play the piano. d.Ma went blind because of an illness. A. c-b-d-a B. a-d-c-b C. d-c-a-b D. b-d-c-a 3．What does the underlined phrase “persist in” probably mean in paragraph 5? A. Keep on. B. End up. C. Take part in. D. Look forward to. 4．What does Ma's story tell us? A. Handsome is as handsome does. B. There is no place like home. C. Practice makes perfect. D. A good friend is like a mirror. （二） （2024广东模拟，B） When did you stop, take a good look and get lost in thought? For me, it was last Sunday. My friend invited me to a European art exhibition in Shanghai. To be honest, I'm not interested in art paintings at all. I know very little about European art. So, at first, I refused to go to the exhibition. But finally I became excited to see the artworks of famous artists like Monet（莫奈） and Van Gogh（梵高）. The exhibition included 52 artworks. It was really a different experience to see them face to face. My friend was happy to see so many different painting styles in one place. The visit made her remember the trip to Paris several years ago. She said that I could find art in every corner of the city. Most of the visitors, I thought, had little knowledge about art like me. They were just busy taking pictures, and then showed everyone on WeChat that they had been there. Under the influence of my friend, an art lover, I began to appreciate the paintings carefully. My friend shared interesting stories behind them. Of all the paintings, Van Gogh's “Long Grass with Butterflies” moved me the most. Those things such as grass and butterflies were quite common in my life. However, I had never thought they were worth attention. I had usually followed the crowd to see what was “special” in their view. Actually, we should pay more attention to the “common” things around us. Sometimes we are supposed to have a careful look and think for a while. Then we will find the true beauty in our life. 1．Where was the exhibition held? A. In Shanghai. B. In Europe. C. In Paris. D. In Australia. 2．What does the underlined word “appreciate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Introduce. B. Create. C. Trust. D. Watch. 3．Which is the right order of the following events? ①The writer refused to go to the art exhibition. ②The writer went to see the exhibition with a friend. ③The writer was invited to the exhibition. ④The writer was moved by “Long Grass with Butterfly”. A. ④③②① B. ④②①③ C. ③①②④ D. ③④②① 4．What can we know from the passage? A. The writer used to show great interest in art paintings. B. This exhibition included 52 artworks of different styles. C. Monet created “Long Grass with Butterfly”. D. All the visitors had little knowledge of art. 5．Which can be the best title of the passage? A. A Visit to Europe B. Stop, Listen and Show C. Enjoy the Artworks D. Stop, Look and Think （三） （2023中山二模，B） Gourds （葫芦） have a history of more than 7,000 years in China. These special-shaped plants are used for making delicious dishes as well as making musical instruments. But today we are talking about the pyrography craft （烙画工艺） on gourds. The craft originated during the Han Dynasty and entered its golden age during the Qing Dynasty. Many cities in China like Tianjin and Beijing are well-known for such gourds. Take the craft from Beijing as an example. As the family's fourth-generation inheritor （继承人） of Beijing's gourd-pyrography craft, Niu Chengguo has been working hard on the craft for over 40 years. With his great love for beautiful things, Niu has kept improving his art skills and created many works of art. “When I was a little boy, I was deeply touched by the lively patterns （图案） on gourds which were created by my grandpa. I began studying how to create the artwork with the help of my grandpa when I was 11 years old,” said Niu. Niu's efforts to create wonderful artworks paid off, as his works sold well in many countries in Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Many of his works have appeared in different cultural exchange （交流） activities. As a result, the gourd-pyrography craft is becoming more and more popular. In 2021, Niu started to provide a platform to help visitors enjoy the beauty of the gourd craft. “I just want to make the traditional craft known and liked by more people,” Niu said. 1．What can gourds be used for according to Paragraph 1? A. Holding dishes. B. Making music. C. Making houses. D. Creating artworks. 2．What does the underlined word “originated” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Returned. B. Appeared. C. Spread. D. Stopped. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A. How hard Niu learned the craft. B. How Niu developed an interest in the craft. C. Why Niu's grandpa taught himself the craft. D. What Niu has done to improve his artistic skills. 4．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. Niu's works have an influence on cultural exchanges. B. Niu's works are only popular in most Asian countries. C. Niu's works helped visitors create their own gourd artworks. D. Niu is a third-generation inheritor of the craft in his family. 5．What is the main purpose （目的） of the passage? A. To describe the development of the craft. B. To introduce an inheritor of a traditional craft. C. To help people learn how to make the craft popular. D. To encourage people to pass on Chinese traditional craft. 能力进阶 （2025·广东广州·二模）On the first day of school, our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t already know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, “Hi, handsome! My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed and warmly responded. “Of course you may!” She gave me a giant squeeze (拥抱). “Why are you in college at such a young, innocent (幼稚的) age?” I asked. She jokingly replied, “I’m here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel.” “No, seriously?” I asked. I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on this challenge at her age. “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she told me. After class we walked to the Student Union building and shared a chocolate milkshake. We became instant friends. Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always attracted listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon (校园偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and enjoyed the attention from other students. She was living it up. At the end of the term, we invited Rose to speak at a student gathering. I’ll never forget what she taught us. “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. There are so many people walking around who are dead, and they don’t even know it.” she said. “There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability,” she added. “But growing up requires finding opportunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do.” She concluded her speech by courageously, singing The Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics (歌词) and live them out in our daily life. At the year’s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years. We’d always keep her in mind because it is the wonderful woman who taught us by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be. 1．Which is the correct-order-of Rose’s college life? a. Rose gave a speech at a student gathering.    b. Rose shared a chocolate milkshake with the author. c. Rose became popular among students.    d. Rose explained her real reason for attending college. e. Rose graduated from college. A．d→b→c→a→e B．b→d→a→e→c C．d→b→a→e→c D．b→c→e→a→d 2．Which has the closest meaning of the underlined phrase “living it up”? A．working hard B．enjoying life to the fullest C．growing older D．feeling regretful 3．According to Rose’s speech, which of the following is NOT a secret to staying young and happy? A．Laughing and finding humor daily. B．Holding onto dreams. C．Not accepting being old. D．Seeking opportunities in change. 4．What can we learn from Rose’s story? A．College education is necessary for the elderly. B．Age should not limit one’s pursuit of dreams. C．Humor is the key to success. D．Young people should communicate more with seniors. （2024广州一模，A） One dark stormy night, an elderly couple hurried into a hotel and asked whether they could be put up for the night. “I'm sorry,” the clerk on night duty said politely. “All the rooms are taken tonight, but I can't send a nice couple like you out in the rain. Would you be willing to stay in my room? It's not exactly a hotel room but it will make you comfortable. As I'm on duty, I'll be staying up in the office anyway.” The elderly couple accepted his offer thankfully. The next day, when the old gentleman went to pay his bill, the clerk behind the reception desk was that same helpful young man. “The room you and your wife stayed in is not a proper guestroom so you don't need to pay,” said the clerk with the same friendly smile. The old gentleman nodded with a smile, “You're an employee （雇员） that every boss in the hotel business would dream of. Perhaps someday I'll build a hotel for you.” The clerk was amazed but he decided that the guest must have been joking. He gave no more thought to what the old man said. Two years later, the young man received a letter from the old gentleman in which he mentioned the experience of that dark stormy night. With the letter, there was an air ticket to New York and an invitation, asking the young man to pay a visit. At a street corner in Manhattan, the young man met his old guest. The gentleman pointed to a great new building and said, “Look, that is the hotel I promised to build for you. I hope you'll manage it for me.” The young man was shocked, “Sir, why do you choose me and who are you?” “My name is William Astor. Like I told you before, you are the best employee I could ever dream of.” This building was the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. This hotel has been a symbol in the city of New York and the No.1 choice for visiting leaders from different countries. The young man who became its first manager was George Boldt. He turned Waldorf into one of the most famous hotels in the world. 1．What can we know about the couple from the beginning of the story? A. They were all wet on a stormy night. B. They booked a hotel room before they arrived. C. They stayed in the hotel clerk's room for the night. D. They flew to New York hurriedly that night. 2．Why did the old gentleman nod with a smile after hearing the clerk's reply? A. Because the hotel room was comfortable. B. Because the price of the room was reasonable. C. Because he was satisfied with the clerk. D. Because he found the clerk's reply very funny. 3．How did the clerk feel when he heard the old gentleman's promise in paragraph 2? A. He didn't take it seriously. B. He found the decision amazing. C. He expected it to come true. D. He joked about it with others. 4．Why did William Astor choose George Boldt as the manager of his new hotel? A. Because George Boldt was kind and dependable. B. Because George Boldt was young and polite. C. Because William Astor always kept promises. D. Because George Boldt was popular among leaders. 真题实战 （2025·广东广州·中考真题）It was going to be a long afternoon. Aunt Jen and Uncle Pete were visiting, which meant I had to play with Amy. I was mixing salt with mud (泥) in the garden. Amy was dancing around like a butterfly. Maybe she could help prepare food for the butterflies. “Okay, Amy,” I said. “You can help spread this salt on the mud.” She took the salt shaker. “Are you growing butterflies like plants, Simon?” “Questions again!” I shook my head. This little girl had a lot to learn—just like me at her age, when my family started planting this butterfly garden. “Some butterflies need salt to stay healthy,” I explained. “Once, a butterfly sat right here on my arm, tasting my salty sweat.” “I want a butterfly to sit on me!” cried Amy. “I want to wear it like a flower!” “Butterflies don’t grow like flowers,” I said. “They fly wherever they like.” “Aww...make them come to me,” Amy said. “They will. They love our garden’s plants, with nice leaves and juice, and this...” I said, pointing to the salty mud. “I don’t like mud,” Amy said. “See, my new pink shoes are muddy—and pink’s my favorite color!” I tried to distract her attention. “Do you know butterflies have favorite colors, too?” “Pink?” Amy asked, starting to smile again. “They like purple better, and orange,” I explained, pointing to the nearby butterfly weed with dark orange flowers. “Look, a butterfly is drinking the juice of the flowers.” I kept talking so she wouldn’t try to catch it. “Butterfly weed is a perfect host plant. Butterflies lay eggs here, which become caterpillars, then chrysalises, and finally beautiful butterflies...” As I spoke, Amy saw a big bee. “Shoo! No bees allowed!” she cried. “Hey, it’s okay. Butterflies and bees both work for flowers,” I told her. “Butterflies work?” she asked. “Yes, listen...” We stayed in the garden until sunset. Then I smelt bread and suggested, “Let’s rest in the hammock.” As we lay together, Amy noticed a butterfly leaving a flower and cried, “Simon, it’s like a flying flower!” That made me smile. We swung gently back and forth, happy just to watch all the flowers—the ones that fly and those that don’t—until Mom called us in to dinner. 1．Why did Simon mix the salt with the mud? A．To play games with Amy. B．To prepare food for butterflies. C．To make the plants grow better. D．To make it safer for Amy to dance. 2．How did Simon feel when Amy asked her first question? A．He couldn’t believe how silly Amy was. B．He was surprised at Amy’s rich imagination. C．He was a bit impatient but also very understanding. D．He was glad that Amy was curious about butterflies. 3．What does the underlined phrase “distract her attention” mean in the story? A．Clean the mud off her shoes. B．Change her mind about mud. C．Keep her away from the mud. D．Get her to forget about the mud. 4．Why did Simon feel happy at the end of the story? A．The bread for dinner smelt good. B．He enjoyed the afternoon with Amy. C．The hammock was really comfortable. D．Amy thanked him for the butterfly lesson. （2025·广东广州·中考真题）When I was young, my father took me outside to see the stars. Once we saw a comet (彗星)! It was the first comet I’d seen but wasn’t the last. My name is Caroline Herschel. I was born in Hanover, Germany in 1750. When I was 22, I moved to England to stay with my older brother, William. He was a musician and he offered me singing lessons. I helped him with housework in return. I practiced hard and soon started singing at his concerts. Life changed when William became interested in astronomy. He read about space late into the night. Breakfast often turned into a lesson about stars. I learned a lot from him. And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes—the special tools for seeing faraway things. To make the perfect mirrors for our telescopes, we heated metals and shaped them using special molds (模具). These molds were made from strange things, like dry horse waste. I had to break it into small bits. It was dirty work, but I didn’t mind. Someone had to do it. Making the mirrors smooth was very difficult. William invented a machine to help, but he still had to work without stopping for hours once he began. He couldn’t even stop to eat, so I fed him and read stories to keep him happy and relaxed. In 1781, William discovered something fantastic—a new planet! King George was so glad that he made William his astronomer. William made a telescope just for me. And I was able to search the sky along with him. On August 1, 1786, I found something special too—a comet! I watched it carefully for one more night and discovered it was real. Now everyone is talking about my comet. They call it the Lady’s Comet. This is the first comet I’ve ever discovered, but I don’t think it will be the last. Historical Note: After Caroline discovered her first comet, King George paid her to be William’s assistant (助手). She was one of the first women astronomers to be paid for her work. She went on to find seven more comets herself between 1786 and 1797. 1．Why did Caroline move to England? A．To live with her brother. B．To study at a music school. C．To sing at famous concerts. D．To look after a sick relative. 2．In what order did the following happen in Caroline’s life? a. She discovered her first comet.    b. Her brother built a telescope for her. c. Her brother became interested in space.    d. She built telescopes together with her brother. e. She got paid by King George to help with her brother’s work. A．c-d-b-a-e B．c-d-e-b-a C．c-b-d-a-e D．c-b-a-e-d 3．How many comets did Caroline discover by herself? A．One. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. 4．Which of the following best describes Caroline and William’s working relationship? A．Caroline gave William more help. B．Caroline had to do all the dirty work. C．William took care of most of the work. D．They were important to each other’s success. （2025·广东·中考真题） Are mosquitoes driving you crazy?This summer, make some mint oil to drive them away! Mosquitoes are awful. They seem to be everywhere and may bite you badly. This makes mint (薄荷) oil a perfect gift for your family and friends in summer. This weekend, you can try making mint oil FOR FREE. Time: 9:00 a.m.— 11:50 a.m. Saturday (July 5) Place: Riverside Community Center Please note: ♥ We’ll get all the tools and materials ready. ♥ For 40 people only. First come, first served. ♥ To book a place for the activity, please call Lucy at 345878 by 7:00 p.m. Friday. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For those who would like to practice it at home, here are the steps: ◆ Cut up the mint. Put it into a bottle with olive (橄榄) oil. ◆ Cover the bottle and place it in hot water. ◆ When the water cools down, move the bottle to a warm area and leave it there for at least two hours. ◆ Pour the mixture onto a thin piece of cotton cloth on top of a dark bottle. Let the oil go through the cloth into the bottle. Now you get your homemade mint oil. 1．When will this community event take place? A．This Friday afternoon. B．Next Friday afternoon. C．This Saturday morning. D．Next Saturday morning. 2．How many people can take part in the activity? A．At least forty. B．At least fifty. C．At most forty. D．At most fifty. 3．Why would people call Lucy before the event? A．To win a gift. B．To book a place. C．To get mint oil. D．To buy some tools. 4．What is the right order of the steps? A．③→①→②→④B．②→④→①→③ C．②→①→③→④ D．③→②→④→① 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce an activity. B．To survey the users of a product. C．To recommend a product. D．To report the success of an activity. （2024·广东·中考真题） Welcome to Top Discovery Space (TDS)! This is a good place for you and your kids to have fun through different kinds of hands-on activities, including experiencing 3D-printing, doing chemistry games, growing vegetables and exploring the secrets of space. All these activities need close parent-child cooperation. It is what we value most. We organize many activities for parents and children to do together. To make sure every visitor enjoys their time at TDS, we have to remind you to follow these rules: Parents should stay with their children during the visit. For children’s safety, parents must go through the instructions for the activities carefully. All visitors are required to wear socks (no shoes allowed) within indoor areas. You may ask our workers at the front desk for a pair. Visitors are not supposed to take photos here. Our teachers will catch your unforgettable moments during your visit. Your photos will be sent to you by email if you need them. Eating and drinking is only allowed in the picnic area. Opening time: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day Price: 50 dollars for one ticket Please note: One ticket covers one adult and one child.            Please buy one more ticket for another adult or child. 1．What can visitors do at TDS? A．Watch 3D movies. B．Take chemistry tests. C．Learn about space. D．Make vegetable salads. 2．What does TDS care about most? A．Parent-child cooperation. B．Children’s learning experience. C．Children’s health and safety. D．Teacher-student communication. 3．Who is advised to read the activity directions carefully? A．Teachers. B．Children. C．Workers. D．Parents. 4．How many tickets do you need if you go to TDS with your parents? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 5．What kind of text is this passage? A．A story. B．A diary. C．A notice. D．A report. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $