专题06 阅读理解（科普说明、社会文化、历史、与环境保护说明文）（广东省卷、深圳、广州） 2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题06 阅读理解（科普说明、社会文化、历史、与环境保护说明文） 内●容●导●航 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 题型概述 考向分类 技巧点拨 第二部分 考向突破 微观解剖，精细教学 考向01 主旨大意题 考向02 细节理解题 考向03 推理判断题 考向04 词义猜测题 考向05 代词指代题 考向06 逻辑排序题 考向07 文章结构题 考向08 主题分类训练 第三部分 题型训练 整合应用，模拟实战 题●型●解●码 题型概述 阅读理解是一种综合性很强的题型，重点考查考生的词汇量、语法运用、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维能力、推理能力、归纳总结和判断能力，以及对各国文化背景的了解程度。中考的阅读理解题选材广泛，包括幽默故事、日常生活、人物传记、科普知识、社会文化、图表和新闻报道等。 考向分类 类型一 主旨大意题 类型二 细节理解题 类型三 推理判断题 类型四 词义猜测题 类型五 代词指代题 类型六 逻辑排序题 类型七 文章结构题 技巧点拨 一、主旨题： 主旨题所提问题主要涉及到文章的主题（中心思想）、标题、作者的观点态度、写作目的、以及文章的语气等。我们首先要找出文章的主题句，一般我们可以在以下几个地方找到： 1、段首句，演绎型文章的主题句通常能在段落的开头部分。 2、段末句，归纳型文章的主题句通常在段落的结尾部分。 3、段中句，如果主题句既不在段首，也不在段末，则我们应仔细地在该段的中心部分去寻找。 4、暗示句，有的主题句并非明示，而是通过某种独特的描述方式或修以辞手段委婉、含蓄地提出来的即暗示句。这种暗示句难度较大，它可能不是一个完整的句子而只是一个词。 二、细节理解题 做阅读理解题，首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意，另外还需要搞清楚文中的一些重要细节或事实。细节题在阅读理解部分占比较大，涉及的内容广，包括人物、时间、地点、数目、原因、结果以及文字结构等。这类题目相对要简单一些，它们有两个共同的特点： 1、针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读短文材料中找到对应的文字部分来验证。当然，它可能是一个单词或者短语，也有可能是一个句子或相关的几个句子，但单词、句式和表达方式不同。 2、干扰项常常是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂难辨。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。 三、猜测题: 1.通过上下文去进行猜测。特别要注意与这个词紧密相连的前后几个词语的意思, 2.利用构词法来进行猜测。常用的构词法有派生法，转化法以及合成法。英语中有相当大一部分单词都是由这三种构词法变来的，这些词的构成一般都有一定的规律，掌握一些常见的规律，对于猜测试题中遇到的生词大有帮助。 四、推理题： 1.事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节,是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断,要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。 2.逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景,人物的表情,动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。 3.对作者的意图和态度的推断 考●向●突●破 考向01 主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查学生对短文主题思想或全文梗概的掌握和理解情况。这类题目考查的范围是:文章的写作目的或意图、文章标题、主旨或段落大意等。主旨大意题常见的设问方式有: 1.What's the main idea of this passage? 2.What does the passage/do the last two paragraphs/does Paragraph...mainly tell us? 3.From the passage we can learn/conclude that... 4.What's the best title for the passage? 5.What would be the best title for the passage? 6.What is the purpose of the passage? 7.What is the intention of the last paragraph? 一、归纳文章全篇或段落大意 解答该题型的关键是找出主题句，把握文章主旨。主题句多在文章的开头或结尾，概括大意一般是先看首尾或各段开头，再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，可通过关键词来概括。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些表转折或让步的词，如but, yet, however, although等。 例 （Para. 3）Of all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have AI helpers. From them, visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental data, such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give visitors warnings of coming extreme（极端的） weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit Shenzhen. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. What AI helpers do. B. Technology changes life. C. How AI helpers work. D. Technology protects humans. 二、归纳文章标题 文章的标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。 例 Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost... Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell...Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field（磁场）, while humans can't... However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities... Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Birds' Sense of Light B. Fish's Sense of Smell C. Animals' Sense of Direction D. Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field 三、推断文章写作目的 推断文章的写作目的，要综合考虑文章的主旨和文章的文体。通常议论文、新闻报道、说明文等的主题句多在开头，可以快速根据主题句推断出文章的写作目的。 例 In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots. But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics（特征） that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics: ... What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To help people understand what a robot is. B. To tell what a robot can do in our life. C. To describe the movement of a robot. D. To introduce the history of robots. 考向02 细节理解题 细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握以及计算能力，内容涉及询问事实（时间、地点、人物、事件）、原因、结果和目的等，属于浅层次的理解题，一般难度较小。在解答细节理解题时，考生应根据关键词，迅速查找关键信息、确定正确答案。 例 When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters（庇护所） in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed & Find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city. Laura's project first got food from ______. A. her school dining hall B. her family C. a fast food restaurant D. a homeless shelter 考向03 推理判断题 与细节理解题不同，推理判断题要求考生根据全文或某一段或某一句所提供的事实以及自己的一些常识进行合理的推测,来判断作者的意图,人物的动机、目的和性格特征,事件发生的前因后果等。推理判断题的提问形式主要有下面几种: 1.We can infer from the passage that . 2.Where can you probably read the passage?/The passage may be a/an . 3.Which of the following might happen later? 4.How does the writer develop Paragraph...？/The writer writes the last paragraph by . 例 （Para. 3）As usual, astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williams's quick-growing seedlings in it, but none of the stems were showing. He opened the room to check and found the problem. The stems weren't growing upward and the roots weren't growing downward. On Earth, gravity（重力） helps a plant's stems and roots to find “up” and “down”. However, in the space station, there was almost no gravity. （Para. 4）Dr. Williams suggested a solution: give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And it worked. When the plants had more light, the stems turned up and the roots went down. How did light help solve the problem mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. It caused the gravity to change. B. It encouraged the plants to grow faster. C. It helped the plants to grow in the right direction. D. It showed the astronauts where to plant vegetables. 考向04 词义猜测题 此类型要求考生通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词汇或词组的意思。词义猜测题的提问形式主要有: 1.The word “...” in the...paragraph means . 2.The word “...” means . 3.What does the underlined word “...” mean? 4.What does the underlined word “...” refer to（指）？ 一、根据文章中心或主题猜测词义 一般来说，要猜测的生词与文章主题有一定联系，因此把握好文章的中心，往往有助于猜测出文章中生词的含义。 例 Jordan was born with a disability. But she says her difference doesn't hold her back—it makes her amazing. When Jordan was having a new dance class at the age of 18, she noticed that some kids were staring at her. The kids were looking at her left arm. It stops above the elbow. Each year, about 2,000 babies in the United States are born with limb differences, like Jordan was. That means they are missing all or part of an arm or a leg. What does the underlined word “limb” mean? A. Eyes or ears B. Noses or mouths C. Arms or legs D. Hair or skin 二、根据上下文的因果关系猜测词义 因果关系是一种常见的能提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。在这种关系中如果知道了原因，结果也就知道了；反之，如果知道了结果，原因也就不难发现了。 例 Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need. The underlined word “concerns” in this passage means ______. A. ways B. secrets C. worries D. decisions 三、根据生活经验或常识猜测词义 已有的生活经验和常识往往会给文章的理解提供有力的支持，从而推测出生词的含义。 例 Across the city, people are making an effort to save water. For some people, water rationing（定量配给政策） now becomes normal. Kelson da Cruz keeps one container of water near the shower. He uses another for brushing his teeth and washing his face. He uses non-drinking water to flush the toilet. The underlined word “flush” means ______ in the passage. A. wash B. fill C. paint D. drive 考向05 代词指代题 解题步骤:（1）确定指代对象。首先要分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象是人还是物，避免误判。（2）确定指代范围。在认真阅读的基础上明确代词的指代范围。常见的代词指代题的类型有: 1.The word “...” in the passage probably means __. 2.The underlined word “...” in the passage refers to __. 3.In this passage, the underlined word “...” refers to __. 例 But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics（特征） that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics: ... The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 is about ______. A. the boy B. the characteristic C. the machine D. the engine 考向06 逻辑排序题 首先找到选项内容在文中的具体位置，然后根据它们的位置分布，确定基本的顺序，最后按照时间发展的先后顺序或逻辑关系确定最终顺序。 例 To enter the competition, please visit the Centre Shop to pay ￡5 for each poem. Once the payment is made, please email the poem（s） to poetrycomp@center.uk. Remember to mark Open or ESL in the top right-hand corner of the document（文档） to show which group to enter before emailing your poem（s）. Questions about the competition can be emailed to poetrycomp@center.uk. Which is the correct order for poets to enter the competition? ①Pay ￡5 for each poem. ②Visit the Centre Shop. ③Email their poem（s） to poetrycomp@center.uk. ④Mark Open or ESL in the top right-hand corner of their document. A. ①②③④ B. ②①③④ C. ②①④③ D. ③④②① 考向07 文章结构题 这种题目要求考生学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法。做这类题时，要求学生学会利用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头，用于简要概括文章的中心思想。 例 Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other... More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate... Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest... Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. What is the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 考向07 图片理解题 这种题目既考查考生对文章内容的理解，又考查考生识图的能力。 例 Caber Toss In this sport, players compete to throw a large piece of wood called a caber as far as they can. There is no rule about the size of the caber, but it's usually the size of a small tree. It's an ancient Scottish sport. Visitors to the UK can check it out. Which picture best describes Caber Toss? A. B. C. D. 考向08 主题分类训练 主题一、科学技术与网络 （2025·广东广州·一模）In 2024, we saw many amazing things in science, what can we expect in 2025? These are some of the big topics in the science world. Flying to space The year 2024 was a big one for space travel. And 2025 will probably be the same. China will send new people to the Tiangong space station and let Tianwen-2 go to the space rock 2016HO3. It will also work with Europe together to send up a satellite called SMILE which will help us learn more about the sun. AI agents (智能体) Can AI help us make plans and do work? AI agents can. They can make choices and do things without much help from people. For example, an AI agent app can help plan your summer trip by booking tickets and hotels. It can even remember you like hotels with pools best. These helpers will become a big thing in 2025. They will help make 15%of decisions on work by 2028. Humanoid robots Humanoid robots look like people. They have arms and legs. They are different from other robots you see around. They can move around really easily and they could work in places such as restaurants, homes, and factories, just like people do. As AI and robotics get better, they are becoming more important. Now China is working hard to make humanoid robots. Over 10 Chinese companies are working on making such robots, said China Daily. Going greener Last year was the hottest ever because of climate change. This makes green technology more important than ever. Carbon capture and storage (碳捕捉和存储), which is also known as CCS, is such a great technology. It works by “catching” CO2 at factories and putting it underground. CCS technology now helps keep nearly 45 million tons of CO2 out of the air every year. Thanks to it, we can breathe more fresh air and suffer from less heat. 1．Which of the following can help us to organize a trip? A．SMILE. B．AI agents. C．Humanoid robots. D．CCS. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．AI agents look like humans and work in different places. B．The satellite SMILE will help us learn more about the moon. C．CCS may make a difference to reducing the greenhouse effect. D．Humanoid robots as well as other robots can move around easily 3．How does the writer tell the importance of green technology? A．By telling a story. B．By giving instructions. C．By asking a question. D．By offering an example. 4．Which can be the best title for this article? A．2025: A year of space and robots B．New inventions in space exploration C．Moving forward with science in 2025 D．Environmental pollution and its solutions （2025·广东广州·二模）High school students from around the world recently proved that robotics isn’t just about building machines — it’s about solving real - world problems. The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition in Shanghai (FRC), held at East China Normal University in March, brought together nearly 1,000 high school students from 43 teams coming from different countries and regions, including China, the United States, and Australia. This year’s theme, “Reefscape” (拯救珊瑚), challenged students to design robots to rebuild ocean ecosystems. The challenges tested students’ both technical skills and environmental care. Among the competitors, two Shanghai teams stood out. Team 6941 “Iron - Pulse” from Shanghai Pinghe School won first place, while Team 6940 “Violet Z” from a local high school took third. Both teams will compete in the world championship in Houston, USA． As the world’s highest - level youth robotics competition, FRC requires strong teamwork, Mei Kai, the 17 - year - old captain of Iron - Pulse, explained. “Everyone has a role to play — whether it’s the driver, coach, technician or programmer — and success comes from working together,” he said. Song Jinyang, coach of Violet Z, believes that this level of close cooperation among students helps to improve their ability to solve complex problems. “when a robot part fails, students must figure out the problems step by step, this teaches them teamwork,” she added. The competition also encouraged global friendship. Violet Z once shared their coding tips with teams from other countries. “Real progress isn’t about beating others — it’s learning together,” said Iron - Pulse’s coach Jin Shifei. “If your competitor is missing a part and you happen to have it, would you lend it to them? Of course, the answer is yes — that’s the true success of education,” he added. Through teamwork and kindness, these young students proved technology can protect our oceans and bring the world closer. 1．What is the theme of the 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC)? A．Building the fastest robot in the world. B．Solving land pollution with robots. C．Rebuilding ocean ecosystems through robotics. D．Creating robots for ocean exploration. 2．What does the underlined word “complex” mean in paragraph 6? A．complicated B．basic C．normal D．simple 3．What can be inferred from Jin Shifei’s words about lending parts to competitors? A．Competition success is measured by defeating others. B．True educational success lies in teamwork instead of competition. C．Teams should prioritize their own needs over helping others. D．Sharing resources is against the competition rules. 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Shanghai Robotics Rising: Engineering Tomorrow, Today! B．A Student - Led Robot Business for Ocean Protection C．Teens, Tech and Teamwork: Saving Oceans with Robot Innovation D．Robots and competition: An Ocean Protection Business of Young Students （2024广东模拟，B） “Sora” is a new model created by OpenAI, an American company. The cool model is surprising the world. It doesn't just make text and pictures for us anymore. It can turn your words into videos like magic! Just tell Sora your ideas and watch it make a video right before your eyes. Videos created by Sora look good on both large TVs and small smartphones. Sora can also make scenes with lots of people doing different things with clear details（细节）. It also knows how things should look in real life. Why is it so good? Sora is a good learner. It watches many videos and learns from them by breaking them into very small parts. It uses these parts to make a new video. The new video is gray at first and you can't tell what's in it. Then, Sora overhauls the video until it looks fine. Sora also gets help from ChatGPT. It can turn the users' short sentences into clear instructions. This helps Sora make the video just as you asked. OpenAI is still testing Sora, so it is not good enough. Sora may find “busy” pictures hard to understand. For example， when a person moves, things around them change. Sora can't make everything look real. In one video created by Sora, a grandma blows the candles on a birthday cake, but the flame（火焰） doesn't move. Besides, Sora may not be able to tell “left” from “right” and mess up a person's leg movements. 1．What is Sora? A. An online tool that can answer its users' questions. B. A website that breaks videos into very small parts. C. An AI tool which offers music choices to video makers. D. A model that can create videos according to its users' words. 2．Which of the following can describe videos made by Sora? a.They look nice. b.They seem a bit unclear. c.They seem true. d.They are longer than a minute. A. ab B. bc C. ac D. cd 3．What does the underlined word “overhauls” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Follows. B. Studies. C. Gives. D. Fixes. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Sora is not perfect. B. All Sora's works are tested. C. Sora has already been used widely. D. It's hard for Sora to satisfy everyone. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A. OpenAI Makes Videos B. Sora Surprises the World C. Sora's Videos Are Easy to Watch D. ChatGPT Helps Sora （2024深圳二模，A） The First Shenzhen （International） Intelligent Sanitation Cleaning Robot Competition was held at Shenzhen World Exhibition & Convention Center （国际会展中心） in Baoan District in March 2024. A total of 37 robots got awards at the competition. Four of them won first prizes, seven second prizes, ten third prizes, and the others received merit prizes. At first, companies developed cleaning robots based on their understanding of market demands （需求）. This competition, also the world's first sanitation robot competition, however, was set to change this situation. It aimed to help the high-quality development of sanitation cleaning robots. The driverless sweeper S330, developed by a company from Shenzhen, won one of the first prizes. It was the only one to successfully finish cleaning on a 20-degree slope at the competition. The sweeper S330 is a highly intelligent outdoor driverless sweeper and it has a large rubbish bin. It can dump rubbish by itself when it is full. It can also clean while spraying （喷） water to control dust. This sweeper has been used in Huafu Subdistrict and Shenzhen Book City CBD Store in Futian District. At present, Shenzhen is leading in producing, researching and developing the AI sanitation equipment. It accounts for more than 30% of the companies in this area in China. Shenzhen is playing a very important role in China, and even around the world. 1．How many robots got the merit prizes? A. 4. B. 7. C. 16. D. 37. 2．Why did companies invent the cleaning robots at first? A. To satisfy market needs. B. To better understand them. C. To clean on 20-degree slopes. D. To get awards at competitions. 3．What's the purpose of holding the competition? A. To attract foreign companies' attention. B. To build up a good environment for companies. C. To improve the development of the cleaning robots. D. To encourage more companies to join competitions. 4．What do we know about the sweeper S330 according to the passage? a.It can do cleaning and spray water. b.It can dump rubbish by itself. c.It can do cleaning on a 20-degree slope. d.It's been used everywhere in Shenzhen. A. abd B. bcd C. acd D. abc 5．What's the passage mainly about? A. A study about making robots. B. A plan for developing new robots. C. A news report about a robot competition. D. A guide to an international competition. （2024深圳二模，C） Known as the “air taxi”, the eVTOL aircraft （电动垂直起降飞行器） completed its first inter-city flight on February 27th. The flight started from Shekou Port in Shenzhen to Jiuzhou Port in Zhuhai. It took about 20 minutes for the over 55-kilometer trip. Developed by a high-tech company, the electric-powered aircraft is able to carry five people at a speed of 200 kilometers per hour. If this technology can be widely used in air transportation, it will bring great convenience to us. As more and more people have their own cars, we always spend hours being stuck in the street. If this new invention can carry passengers in daily life, electric air taxis will work as a solution to our congested cities. We will then live and work in three dimensions （维度）. However, the industry will need to deal with a lot of difficulties. Laws, costs and public acceptance stand in the way of the widespread use of air taxis, according to Tim Schwanen, who is the director of the Transport Studies Unit at the University of Oxford. “In some ways, technology isn't the most difficult part,” Schwanen said. “There are problems around laws and costs, and there are problems around markets. Do we want these services? Do we need them?” Besides, car designer Frank Stephenson, who designs Lilium's aircraft, said companies must take safety into their first consideration （考虑）. “The moment when one of these things has a problem, you're going to lose a lot of public confidence and trust,” he said. 1．What can we know about the first inter-city flight of eVTOL aircraft? A. It started from Jiuzhou Port in Zhuhai. B. It took less than half an hour for the trip. C. It was powered by petrol or fossil oil. D. It could carry as many people as a plane. 2．What does the underlined word “congested” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Tourist. B. Highly-developed. C. Crowded. D. Ancient. 3．Among all the difficulties, which one isn't the difficult part for the air taxi industry? A. Laws. B. Markets. C. Costs. D. Technology. 4．What does Frank Stephenson want to emphasize （强调） in the last paragraph? A. The safety of passengers is important to the air taxi companies. B. Companies should provide lower prices to win public trust. C. The public should have confidence in the safety of the eVTOL aircraft. D. The technology is very likely to have a problem in the future. 5．How can the passage be divided into? （①=paragraph 1; ②=paragraph 2; ...） A. ① ②③ ④⑤ B. ① ②③④ ⑤ C. ① ② ③④⑤ D. ①② ③ ④⑤ （2023广东模拟，B） Ever since the 19th century, people's search for improved ways of producing electricity has never stopped. Now a UK company has developed a new kind of floor. It is very special. There is a system that can produce a certain amount of electricity very cheaply using the energy from footsteps. When people step on this special floor, electricity is produced. The inventor of the floor came up with the idea when he was a student and worked in an energy business. The business asked him to find ways to power up street lights in the city center using the energy from the sun, but it soon became clear that this might not work because many city centers don't get enough sunlight because of tall buildings. Then he thought of a better plan. Why not use the energy produced by people who walk past the street instead? The right technology could be used to convert this energy into electricity—right under people's feet. The floor could actually be very efficient （效率高的）. This is especially true when it is used in very busy areas. And the reason is that a lot of energy is produced simply because of large numbers of people walking across the floor. The floor can have other uses too, such as recording how many people visit a particular （特定的） place at particular times. This kind of information is very useful for certain people. For example, shop owners near the place would be interested in knowing what time of the day they have the highest customer numbers. So the next time you visit a big shopping center, have a careful look at the floor that you're walking across! 1．What is special about the new kind of floor? A. It can be used in many busy areas in cities. B. It depends on sunlight to produce electricity. C. It can provide customers with information about shopping. D. It produces electricity with the energy from footsteps. 2．Why do many city centers fail to get enough sunlight? A. Because the buildings are tall. B. Because the skies aren't clear. C. Because the traffic is always busy. D. Because the environment is polluted. 3．What does the underlined word “convert” probably mean in this passage? A. Carry. B. Change. C. Collect. D. Avoid. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. It is really difficult to produce electricity by using sunlight. B. The use of the floor may help solve the problem of climate change. C. The more people walk on the floor, the more electricity can be produced. D. The floor could be of little help to the shop owners near the street using it. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A. A Creative Business B. A Talented Inventor C. A Discussion on Sunlight D. A New Way of Producing Electricity 主题二、社会文化、历史及其变迁 (2024广东一模，B)Yunjin （云锦） is a beautiful brocade （织锦） made in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Yun in Chinese means “clouds” and jin means “brocade”. The materials used in yunjin are valuable, such as silk, gold and silver, resulting in its high collecting value. Yunjin, with a history of over 1,600 years, has the best quality among all the brocades in China. It stands for the finest Chinese silk cloth. The brocade comes out from a traditional wooden loom （织布机） as big as 5.6 meters long, 1.4 meters wide and 4 meters high. The huge loom needs two people to work, one above and one below. The process （过程） is so long and complex that a brocade with a length of 5 to 6 centimeters takes two people all day to make and the production cannot be replaced with modern machines. Its pictures are large in shape and the use of gold and silver makes them rich and shining. In ancient times, yunjin served as materials for the royal family's clothes and to beautify their palaces. It was also used as gifts for important foreign guests. With the development of technology and changes in people's lifestyle, young people have less interest in traditional arts which require a long time of learning and practicing. To pass down the skills of yunjin, the Chinese government set up the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute in 1957, which has helped spread the culture of brocade and built a cultural bridge between China and the world. 1．Why does yunjin have a high collecting value? A. Because it has a long history. B. Because it has the best quality. C. Because it is made of valuable materials. D. Because it is made of huge wooden looms. 2．What does the underlined word “complex” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Common. B. Difficult. C. Different. D. Expensive. 3．The Chinese government set up Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute to ______. A. pass down the skills of yunjin B. develop ways to make yunjin C. help young people make yunjin D. change traditional skills of yunjin 4．What do you learn about yunjin from the passage? A. It takes 5 to 6 days to make. B. It interests more people to learn it. C. It has large, rich and shining pictures. D. It can be made by modern machines. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A. The First Invention in Chinese History B. The Biggest Change in Chinese History C. The Latest Material of Chinese Silk Cloth D. The Greatest Symbol of Chinese Silk Cloth 主题三、绿色生活与环境保护 （2024广州二模，B） How our travel choices impact the climate Travelling in cars, trucks, planes, and other vehicles has an effect on climate change. But how bad is each type of transportation? Let's take a look. For more information, see the 2022 book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike. Bus vs. Train Buses and trains carry a lot of people. So the carbon impact （影响） of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight of the people and the bus or train itself. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a typical train ride more than the impact of a typical bus ride. —Bus wins! Old Car vs. New Car When people must drive, what type of car is the best? Electric cars are fantastic, but they're not perfect. According to Mike, the fuel used to power a car only accounts for about 50 percent of its impact. The other half comes mostly from building and maintaining a car. Factories make or assemble （组装） parts for new cars. All of this requires energy. In general, Mike says, the most climate-friendly choice is to keep an old car as long as possible, or buy a small used car instead of a new one. —Old car wins! Car vs. Plane Only about two percent of global emissions （排放） come from air travel. But that is mainly because it's much less common than other forms of travel. Even though planes carry more people than cars, a plane trip is usually far worse for the climate. Getting a heavy plane up into the sky and keeping it there burns lots of fuel. And today we can't switch to electric passenger planes because batteries aren't yet powerful enough. Also, burning fuel high in the sky has a greater impact on climate change than burning the same amount of fuel close to the ground. “It's hard to avoid the conclusion that we need to fly less,” writes Mike. —Car wins! 1．Why is the climate impact of a train ride greater than that of a bus ride? A. Trains require more fuel to start. B. Trains are larger and heavier. C. Trains carry more people. D. Trains move much faster. 2．If we must drive, what should we do according to the passage? A. Buy a small car that is newly produced. B. Drive a big car that can carry more people. C. Drive our cars that are used for a long time. D. Buy new electric cars that are small but fantastic. 3．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in Paragraph 5? A. The fact that around 2% of global emissions come from air travel. B. The reason why planes are less common than other forms of travel. C. The influence that burning fuel high in the sky has on climate change. D. The moment when getting a heavy plane into the sky burns lots of fuel. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Tips for safe driving while travelling. B. The influence of travel choices on the climate. C. Travelling by different types of transportation. D. Importance of choosing a green way to travel. 主题四、动植物的特征与动植物保护 （2024东莞一模，B） A lot of animals travel from one place to another. We call this migration（迁徙）. In Africa, large animals, like elephants and zebras, migrate to find food and water. They usually follow the same ways every year. A lot of birds migrate to find food and better weather, too. They are usually birds that eat insects. They spend the summer in northern Europe, because there are lots of insects there. In winter there aren't any insects, so the birds fly south to southern Europe and Africa. Arctic terns（北极燕鸥） travel the furthest when they migrate. They spend the summer in the Arctic, but when winter comes they fly to the Antarctic, because it's summer there. The next year they fly back to the Arctic again. In one year these small birds travel 90,000 km from one end of the earth to the other and back again. Nobody knows how they do it. Some fish migrate to breed. Salmon（鲑鱼） can swim over 20,000 km in their life. They are born in rivers in Ireland, Scotland and other places in northern Europe. The young fish swim down the river to the sea and into the Atlantic Ocean. They live in the ocean until they are grown-ups. Then they return to the river where they were born. They lay their eggs in the river and then they usually die. Salmon do this, because their eggs are safer in the river. Other fish can't eat them. 1．According to the passage, many birds fly to Africa in winter to find ______. A. partners B. water C. land D. food 2．Which of the following is TRUE about Arctic terns? A. They live in the Antarctic all year. B. They migrate to find food. C. They travel further than the salmon. D. They are big birds. 3．The underlined word “breed” probably means “______”. A. produce babies B. look for food C. live longer D. avoid winter 4．Where do the young salmon live according to the text? A. In the rivers in Ireland. B. In the Atlantic Ocean. C. In the river where they were born. D. In the sea in Scotland. 5．The passage mainly tells us ______. A. the migration of animals B. the time of migration C. the direction of migration D. the result of migration 基础过关 （一） （2024广东模拟，B） Plastic is almost everywhere, but now plastic has been found in an unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs（寄居蟹）. It's said that hermit crabs are using plastic litter as shells（壳）. Zuzanna Jagiello, a researcher of the study, said, “For me, a hermit crab in a plastic shell could be an icon of our times. They don't have homes, so they use rubbish.” Jagiello studies the Anthropocene（人类世）. It is the period in which human activity has had a strong influence on the environment. Hermit crabs using plastic waste as shells is one example of that influence. To protect themselves, hermit crabs wear shells of the dead sea snails（海螺）. But according to the study, at least 386 hermit crabs have been recorded wearing waste. Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps. The others wore glass or metal. Scientists aren't sure why hermit crabs are choosing litter instead of snail shells. But there are some guesses. Hermit crabs could be turning to litter because they can't find enough snail shells. It's also possible that crabs are choosing plastic because it's light and easy to carry. Or they're interested in its bright colors. Scientists agree that plastic pollution harms wildlife in many ways. But it isn't clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It's really an amazing example of the beauty of adaptation（适应）， which shows how some animals are dealing with the Anthropocene,” Jagiello says. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A. By listing numbers. B. By raising questions. C. By presenting facts. D. By explaining reasons. 2．What does the underlined word “icon” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Reason. B. Sign. C. Hero. D. Problem. 3．Which of the following might a hermit crab use as its shell? A. B. C. D. 4．Which of the following would Jagiello probably agree with? A. Hermit crabs choose metal because of its bright color. B. Sea snails prefer plastic bottles to other kinds of waste. C. Hermit crabs eat sea snails for food and then use their shells. D. Hermit crabs use plastic as shells to get used to the environment. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A. The living habits of sea animals. B. The ways of doing scientific research. C. The new findings about hermit crabs. D. The pollution caused by plastic products. 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了寄居蟹利用塑料废弃物作为自己寄居的外壳的原因。 能力进阶 （2025·广东广州·二模） How do people think differently? This has always been unusual. To search an answer, a scientist named J.P. Guilford started a famous study of creativity in the 1970s, known as the nine-dot puzzle. He asked the participants to connect all nine dots using only four straight lines, without lifting their pencils from the page. All the participants looked for solutions within the square they imagined. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the square and continue their lines in the white space around the dots, while the rest of them were blinded by the boundaries (边界) of the square. The results of Guilford’s study led him to a conclusion: creativity needs you to go outside the box. The idea was widely spread soon. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The idea was so popular that no one thought of checking the facts. No one, that is, before two different research teams—Clarke Burmham with Kenneth Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg—did another experiment. To make sure that Guilford’s study is correct, both teams divided participants into two groups. The first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilford’s experiment. The second group was told to draw the lines outside the imagined box. Guess what? Only a little more than 20 percent solved the puzzle, which is no big difference from the result of Guilford’s experiment. Let’s look a little more closely at the surprising result. Solving this problem requires people to think outside the box. However, direct and clear instructions to “think outside the box” do not help participants improve their performance. The widely spread idea that out-of-the-box thinking makes people more creative can, in some way, be dangerous. After all, with one simple but brilliant experiment, researchers had proved that the connection between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding. 1．The nine-dot puzzle study is mainly focused on ________. A．how people do things in real life B．how people think in different ways C．what people see in the experiment D．what knowledge people have learned 2．Why did the two research teams do the following experiment? A．To find out the main idea of Guiford’s study. B．To show different opinions against Guiford’s study. C．To collect supporting details for Guiford’s study. D．To double-check the correctness of Guiford’s study. 3．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．boundaries sometimes make people think less creatively B．clear instructions influence how people solve problems C．few people performed better with the clear instructions D．the methods of nine-dot puzzle study need to be improved 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Puzzle Solving: A Key To Creativity B．Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test C．Thinking Outside the Box: A Misleading Idea D．Creative Thinking: An Unusual Topic （2025·广东广州·一模）We are getting used to having robots in our homes, stores, and factories. What about on stage? In fact, the word robot comes from a 1920 science-fiction play. In Rossum’s Universal Robots, people performed as the machine-like creatures. Recently, some directors and artists have invited actual robots to share the stage in dances and other performances. Catie Cuan is one of them. “Robots are for everyone,” she says. Cuan began her career as a dancer and choreographer—a person who maps out the movements of dancers. But she fell in love with robots and has pioneered a new field called robot choreography. Today, she’s studying robotics at Stanford University in Northern California. You might imagine robots would dance like machines. After all, that’s how the popular dance “the robot” looks. Most robots today, however, can move in a more life-like manner. It takes time and effort to program robots to do the movements Cuan wants. But the results, she says, “will surprise you.” At first, Cuan knew little about robot choreography. In 2022, she wrote, choreographed and performed the stage show In Her Prime. She danced with two other women and two Boston Dynamics spot robots. In the dance, the robots stayed behind a screen so the audience only saw their shadows. Cuan says that cave paintings inspired her. In the media, Cuan says, “Robots are often described negatively.” They may seem alien, cold, or scary. Seeing a robot dance may make the technology seem fun, attractive, or friendly instead. Sometimes after her performances, the audience tell her that the dance changes the way they think about robots. Robots may seem like they’re all about maths and engineering. But, as Cuan suggests, they belong in art, too. “We as humans have been making art a lot longer than we’ve been doing maths,” she says. She points out that we use art and dance to make sense of the world. Cuan thinks that performances like hers will help people feel more at home with robots. “We need to dance with robots to make sense of them.” she says. 1．Why did Catie Cuan use a screen in her dance In Her Prime with robots? A．To show the robots’ shadows. B．To display cave paintings. C．To hide the robots’ movements. D．To catch the attention of the audience. 2．According to Catie Cuan, what is one way robots can be connected to art? A．Robots can replace human artists. B．Robots can teach people about art. C．Robots can only be used in engineering. D．Robots can help people understand the world through art. 3．The following sentences “This is only one of many dances Cuan has performed with robots. Her goal is to show people new ways to relate to these machines.” would best be placed at the beginning of ________. A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 4．What can we learn from the article? A．The word robot comes from In Her Prime. B．Dancing with robots can help us understand them better. C．The audience will develop an interest in robotics engineering. D．Some students at Stanford University enjoy studying robotics. （2025·广东广州·一模）Electric vehicles (EVs) are changing the way we travel by offering a cleaner choice to traditional gasoline cars. Unlike gasoline engines that burn fuel and release harmful gases, EVs use rechargeable batteries to power an electric motor. This motor turns the wheels without producing harmful gases, making EVs much better for the environment. Charging an EV is as simple as plugging it into a charging station or even a home outlet. Some advanced models can even store energy back into the battery when slowing down, which improves efficiency. One of the biggest advantages of EVs is their positive impact on air quality and climate change. Gasoline cars release carbon dioxide and other pollutants, contributing to global warming. In contrast, EVs produce zero emissions while driving. Countries like Norway are leading the way-over 80% of new cars sold there are electric, and the government plans to ban gasoline car sales by 2025. This change has already helped reduce Norway’s carbon footprint significantly. However, challenges remain. Many areas still lack enough charging stations, making long-distance travel difficult for EV owners. Additionally, producing EV batteries requires rare materials like lithium, and recycling old batteries is technically complex. Companies and governments are working to solve these issues. For example, Tesla is expanding its global charging network, and researchers are developing cheaper, eco-friendly battery materials. Looking ahead, the future of EVs is promising. Governments worldwide are encouraging their use through tax cuts and subsidies. China, the largest EV market, aims to build 10 million charging stations by 2030. Technological advancements are also making EVs more affordable and efficient. New batteries can now travel over 300 miles on a single charge, easing concerns about range. While difficulties exist, EVs represent a key step toward sustainable transportation. By adopting this technology, we can reduce pollution and create a healthier planet for future generations. The road ahead may be long, but with continued innovation and support, electric vehicles will play a key role in building a greener world. 1．What is the main advantage of electric vehicles compared to gasoline cars? A．Lower maintenance costs. B．Faster speed. C．More attractive design. D．More environmentally friendly. 2．What can we infer from the fact that over 80% of new cars sold in Norway are electric? A．The government’s efforts in promoting EVs are effective. B．Norway has no problem with air pollution C．Norway people don’t like gasoline cars at all D．Norway has the most advanced technology in making EVs 3．According to the third paragraph, which of the following is NOT a problem for electric vehicles? A．Lack of enough charging stations in many areas B．The complex recycling process of old EV batteries. C．The complete global charging network for EVs. D．The need for rare materials like lithium in producing EV batteries. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards electric vehicles? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. 真题实战 （2025·广东广州·中考真题）Libraries around the world still keep old books hundreds of years old. But will we be able to read today’s digital (数字的) books in hundreds of years? Librarians are worried. Even now, we can’t open some files (文件) from 20 or 25 years ago. Will our digital works be lost in a digital black hole? Will we face the loss of valuable information? Technology is changing fast. Old ways of keeping information are gone now, or they are no longer supported by new technology. For example, many people used floppy discs (软盘) to save files years ago, but today few machines can open them. Also, millions of songs and music pieces were saved on tapes or CDs, but now most old music players no longer work. Another problem is that websites often change or close down, and all the information on them can fall into the digital black hole. Books, however, are quite easy to keep. We don’t need special tools or technology to read them. If you keep them in a dry and safe place, they will stay safe for a long time. Li Shizhen’s great medical book Ben Cao Gang Mu came out in 1593. Amazingly, three copies from the first printing still survive today. That’s not bad for a book more than 400 years old. Today, to some researchers, printed books remain a safe way to keep information. In 2014, a professional group began to raise money to print a famous online encyclopedia into 1,000 books. This would make sure that even if digital technology fails, the knowledge can still be kept. For now, when it comes to storing information, printed copies seem to be the safest choice. However, future technology might develop and provide new ways to solve the problem of the digital black hole. Time will tell. 1．What happens if our digital works fall into a digital black hole? A．They are carefully kept. B．They cannot be understood. C．They cannot be read or reached. D．They are saved in a wrong place. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How music players are developing. B．How technology is changing over time. C．Why old machines are no longer used today. D．Why technology may cause information loss. 3．Why does the writer mention Ben Cao Gang Mu? A．To discuss why this book is still important. B．To show printed books can last for a long time. C．To explain how easy it is to keep printed books. D．To tell when the earliest printed book came out. 4．What would the writer most probably agree with? A．Libraries should keep more digital books. B．Digital books are less valuable than printed ones. C．Technology will soon solve the problem of the digital black hole. D．Technology is still looking for better ways to keep information. （2025·广东·中考真题）Everyone knows that forests help fight climate change. However, a recent scientific report shows that the world lost 300,000 square kilometers of forests in 2024. That’s an area about the size of Italy. According to the report, for the first time ever, fires were the biggest cause of forest loss. ▲ . This country has the largest area of rainforest in the world. Last year, it suffered from a long period of dry weather. Wildfires broke out and spread. As a result, about 25,000 square kilometers of the primary rainforest disappeared in the country. This meant fires caused 66% of its forest loss. The second biggest cause of the world’s forest loss was clearing land for farming. As people need more farmland, they keep cutting down forests every year. In 2024, the area of forest cleared for farming increased by 14% worldwide. The situation was more severe in developing countries. For example, Bolivia’s forest loss doubled in 2024. Without doubt, something must be done. Experts call on governments, businesses and people to work together before it is too late. It seems that China has set a good example. Thanks to cooperation at many levels, China had the biggest increase in forest area among all countries in 2024. That year alone, newly-planted trees in China covered an area of nearly 45,000 square kilometers, according to a news report. If more countries start to take action like China, the earth will become a greener planet. 1．The size of Italy is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show _______. A．why we need forests. B．where a disaster spread. C．what climate change is. D．how terrible forest loss was. 2．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2? A．Farming is a reason. B．Take Brazil for example. C．Wildfires were stopped. D．Read the report carefully. 3．What does the underlined word “severe” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Serious. B．Boring. C．Balanced. D．Positive. 4．What was the reason for the growth of China’s forest area in 2024? A．Enough land. B．Nice weather. C．Good teamwork. D．Green technology. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Rainforest Became Larger B．Farmland Area Grew Rapidly C．Forest Fires Caused Pollution D．Forest Loss Worried the World （2024·广东广州·中考真题）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the same, or even better condition. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started today! 1．What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2? A．Break down useless things. B．Collect used things. C．Create things out of old ones. D．Come up with good ideas. 2．How is upcycling different from recycling? A．It’s a completely new idea. B．It needs more energy. C．It requires more time and work. D．It’s a greener way of life. 3．Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5? A．To list the steps of doing upcycling. B．To give a good example of upcycling. C．To express a different idea of upcycling. D．To provide basic knowledge of upcycling. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to do upcycling. B．To introduce the history of upcycling. C．To compare upcycling with recycling. D．To explain the importance of recycling （2023广东，B） Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert（沙漠）, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It's like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest. Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field（磁场）, while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. 1．Where is this passage most probably from? A. A storybook. B. An art magazine. C. A guidebook. D. A science magazine. 2．How can a certain kind of ant find their way? A. By imagining the way. B. By counting their steps. C. By bringing food together. D. By walking through a forest. 3．What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Secret. B. Choice. C. Reason. D. Feeling. 4．What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph? A. To help animals. B. To travel at night. C. To keep city lights on. D. To develop unusual abilities. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Birds' Sense of Light B. Fish's Sense of Smell C. Animals' Sense of Direction D. Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（科普说明、社会文化、历史、与环境保护说明文） 内●容●导●航 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 题型概述 考向分类 技巧点拨 第二部分 考向突破 微观解剖，精细教学 考向01 主旨大意题 考向02 细节理解题 考向03 推理判断题 考向04 词义猜测题 考向05 代词指代题 考向06 逻辑排序题 考向07 文章结构题 考向08 主题分类训练 第三部分 题型训练 整合应用，模拟实战 题●型●解●码 题型概述 阅读理解是一种综合性很强的题型，重点考查考生的词汇量、语法运用、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维能力、推理能力、归纳总结和判断能力，以及对各国文化背景的了解程度。中考的阅读理解题选材广泛，包括幽默故事、日常生活、人物传记、科普知识、社会文化、图表和新闻报道等。 考向分类 类型一 主旨大意题 类型二 细节理解题 类型三 推理判断题 类型四 词义猜测题 类型五 代词指代题 类型六 逻辑排序题 类型七 文章结构题 技巧点拨 一、主旨题： 主旨题所提问题主要涉及到文章的主题（中心思想）、标题、作者的观点态度、写作目的、以及文章的语气等。我们首先要找出文章的主题句，一般我们可以在以下几个地方找到： 1、段首句，演绎型文章的主题句通常能在段落的开头部分。 2、段末句，归纳型文章的主题句通常在段落的结尾部分。 3、段中句，如果主题句既不在段首，也不在段末，则我们应仔细地在该段的中心部分去寻找。 4、暗示句，有的主题句并非明示，而是通过某种独特的描述方式或修以辞手段委婉、含蓄地提出来的即暗示句。这种暗示句难度较大，它可能不是一个完整的句子而只是一个词。 二、细节理解题 做阅读理解题，首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意，另外还需要搞清楚文中的一些重要细节或事实。细节题在阅读理解部分占比较大，涉及的内容广，包括人物、时间、地点、数目、原因、结果以及文字结构等。这类题目相对要简单一些，它们有两个共同的特点： 1、针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读短文材料中找到对应的文字部分来验证。当然，它可能是一个单词或者短语，也有可能是一个句子或相关的几个句子，但单词、句式和表达方式不同。 2、干扰项常常是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂难辨。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。 三、猜测题: 1.通过上下文去进行猜测。特别要注意与这个词紧密相连的前后几个词语的意思, 2.利用构词法来进行猜测。常用的构词法有派生法，转化法以及合成法。英语中有相当大一部分单词都是由这三种构词法变来的，这些词的构成一般都有一定的规律，掌握一些常见的规律，对于猜测试题中遇到的生词大有帮助。 四、推理题： 1.事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节,是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断,要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。 2.逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景,人物的表情,动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。 3.对作者的意图和态度的推断 考●向●突●破 考向01 主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查学生对短文主题思想或全文梗概的掌握和理解情况。这类题目考查的范围是:文章的写作目的或意图、文章标题、主旨或段落大意等。主旨大意题常见的设问方式有: 1.What's the main idea of this passage? 2.What does the passage/do the last two paragraphs/does Paragraph...mainly tell us? 3.From the passage we can learn/conclude that... 4.What's the best title for the passage? 5.What would be the best title for the passage? 6.What is the purpose of the passage? 7.What is the intention of the last paragraph? 一、归纳文章全篇或段落大意 解答该题型的关键是找出主题句，把握文章主旨。主题句多在文章的开头或结尾，概括大意一般是先看首尾或各段开头，再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，可通过关键词来概括。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些表转折或让步的词，如but, yet, however, although等。 例 （Para. 3）Of all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have AI helpers. From them, visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental data, such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give visitors warnings of coming extreme（极端的） weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit Shenzhen. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. What AI helpers do. B. Technology changes life. C. How AI helpers work. D. Technology protects humans. [答案]A 解题思路 第三段讲述的主要是AI helpers在景点发挥的作用及能够做的工作，如提供停车位信息或提示天气情况等。段落中的主体为AI helpers，而B选项只用Technology一词概括，过于广泛；C选项“AI运行的方式”与原段无关；D选项“科技保护人类”仅与最后一句话有关。故答案为A。 二、归纳文章标题 文章的标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。 例 Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost... Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell...Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field（磁场）, while humans can't... However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities... Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Birds' Sense of Light B. Fish's Sense of Smell C. Animals' Sense of Direction D. Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field [答案]C 解题思路 本篇文章讲述动物天生的方向感帮助它们长途旅行后找到回家的路，分别讲述了蚂蚁、鱼类和海鸟感知方向的方法，最后呼吁减少人类活动对动物方向感的影响。故本文主要讲述了动物的方向感，选项C符合题意。 三、推断文章写作目的 推断文章的写作目的，要综合考虑文章的主旨和文章的文体。通常议论文、新闻报道、说明文等的主题句多在开头，可以快速根据主题句推断出文章的写作目的。 例 In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots. But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics（特征） that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics: ... What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To help people understand what a robot is. B. To tell what a robot can do in our life. C. To describe the movement of a robot. D. To introduce the history of robots. [答案]A 解题思路 通读节选的内容可知，文章主要的写作目的是帮助人们理解什么是机器人，故答案为A。 考向02 细节理解题 细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握以及计算能力，内容涉及询问事实（时间、地点、人物、事件）、原因、结果和目的等，属于浅层次的理解题，一般难度较小。在解答细节理解题时，考生应根据关键词，迅速查找关键信息、确定正确答案。 例 When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters（庇护所） in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed & Find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city. Laura's project first got food from ______. A. her school dining hall B. her family C. a fast food restaurant D. a homeless shelter [答案]A 解题思路 根据题干中的关键信息，迅速找到节选段的第二句“She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters in her community.”可知，Laura这个项目最初是从她学校的餐厅获取食物的，故答案为A。 考向03 推理判断题 与细节理解题不同，推理判断题要求考生根据全文或某一段或某一句所提供的事实以及自己的一些常识进行合理的推测,来判断作者的意图,人物的动机、目的和性格特征,事件发生的前因后果等。推理判断题的提问形式主要有下面几种: 1.We can infer from the passage that . 2.Where can you probably read the passage?/The passage may be a/an . 3.Which of the following might happen later? 4.How does the writer develop Paragraph...？/The writer writes the last paragraph by . 例 （Para. 3）As usual, astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williams's quick-growing seedlings in it, but none of the stems were showing. He opened the room to check and found the problem. The stems weren't growing upward and the roots weren't growing downward. On Earth, gravity（重力） helps a plant's stems and roots to find “up” and “down”. However, in the space station, there was almost no gravity. （Para. 4）Dr. Williams suggested a solution: give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And it worked. When the plants had more light, the stems turned up and the roots went down. How did light help solve the problem mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. It caused the gravity to change. B. It encouraged the plants to grow faster. C. It helped the plants to grow in the right direction. D. It showed the astronauts where to plant vegetables. [答案]C 解题思路 根据第三段和第四段的内容，植物在太空站中由于缺乏重力，无法像在地球上一样，茎部自然地向上生长，根部向下生长。Dr. Williams提出了一个解决方案，即增加植物的光照，因为植物也利用阳光来确定方向。当植物获得更多光照后，茎部向上生长，根部向下生长。故C选项“它帮助植物朝着正确的方向生长”符合题意。 考向04 词义猜测题 此类型要求考生通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词汇或词组的意思。词义猜测题的提问形式主要有: 1.The word “...” in the...paragraph means . 2.The word “...” means . 3.What does the underlined word “...” mean? 4.What does the underlined word “...” refer to（指）？ 一、根据文章中心或主题猜测词义 一般来说，要猜测的生词与文章主题有一定联系，因此把握好文章的中心，往往有助于猜测出文章中生词的含义。 例 Jordan was born with a disability. But she says her difference doesn't hold her back—it makes her amazing. When Jordan was having a new dance class at the age of 18, she noticed that some kids were staring at her. The kids were looking at her left arm. It stops above the elbow. Each year, about 2,000 babies in the United States are born with limb differences, like Jordan was. That means they are missing all or part of an arm or a leg. What does the underlined word “limb” mean? A. Eyes or ears B. Noses or mouths C. Arms or legs D. Hair or skin [答案]C 解题思路 从段落的第一句“Jordan was born with a disability.”可知，Jordan是残疾人，结合画线单词的后一句“That means they are missing all or part of an arm or a leg.”可知，limb意为“手臂或腿”，答案为C。 二、根据上下文的因果关系猜测词义 因果关系是一种常见的能提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。在这种关系中如果知道了原因，结果也就知道了；反之，如果知道了结果，原因也就不难发现了。 例 Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need. The underlined word “concerns” in this passage means ______. A. ways B. secrets C. worries D. decisions [答案]C 解题思路 在文中找到画线词后，根据下一句“They think such food may not be clean enough.”可知，因为认为这样的食物可能不够干净，所以也就对食物的卫生安全感到担心，所以concerns在这里表示“担心，忧虑”，答案为C。 三、根据生活经验或常识猜测词义 已有的生活经验和常识往往会给文章的理解提供有力的支持，从而推测出生词的含义。 例 Across the city, people are making an effort to save water. For some people, water rationing（定量配给政策） now becomes normal. Kelson da Cruz keeps one container of water near the shower. He uses another for brushing his teeth and washing his face. He uses non-drinking water to flush the toilet. The underlined word “flush” means ______ in the passage. A. wash B. fill C. paint D. drive [答案]A 解题思路 从上文“Across the city, people are making an effort to save water.”可知，人们在努力节约水资源，结合生活常识可知，可以通过用非饮用水来冲厕所这种方式节约水资源，因此flush表示“洗，冲洗”，答案为A。 考向05 代词指代题 解题步骤:（1）确定指代对象。首先要分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象是人还是物，避免误判。（2）确定指代范围。在认真阅读的基础上明确代词的指代范围。常见的代词指代题的类型有: 1.The word “...” in the passage probably means __. 2.The underlined word “...” in the passage refers to __. 3.In this passage, the underlined word “...” refers to __. 例 But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics（特征） that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics: ... The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 is about ______. A. the boy B. the characteristic C. the machine D. the engine [答案]C 解题思路 it 为代词，往往指代前文提到过的名词。机器人首先是一个机器，当这台机器具备了一些重要特征后，就会被认为是机器人。根据it前后的语境可知，it指代前面的a machine，答案为C。 考向06 逻辑排序题 首先找到选项内容在文中的具体位置，然后根据它们的位置分布，确定基本的顺序，最后按照时间发展的先后顺序或逻辑关系确定最终顺序。 例 To enter the competition, please visit the Centre Shop to pay ￡5 for each poem. Once the payment is made, please email the poem（s） to poetrycomp@center.uk. Remember to mark Open or ESL in the top right-hand corner of the document（文档） to show which group to enter before emailing your poem（s）. Questions about the competition can be emailed to poetrycomp@center.uk. Which is the correct order for poets to enter the competition? ①Pay ￡5 for each poem. ②Visit the Centre Shop. ③Email their poem（s） to poetrycomp@center.uk. ④Mark Open or ESL in the top right-hand corner of their document. A. ①②③④ B. ②①③④ C. ②①④③ D. ③④②① [答案]C 解题思路 先“顺藤摸瓜”找到四个选项内容在文中的位置，根据分布情况确定基本顺序为②①③④，然后根据逻辑关系可知，④“Mark Open or ESL in the top right-hand corner of their document.”应该发生在③“Email their poem（s） to poetrycomp@center.uk.”之前，只有C选项中④在③之前，故答案为C。 考向07 文章结构题 这种题目要求考生学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法。做这类题时，要求学生学会利用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头，用于简要概括文章的中心思想。 例 Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other... More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate... Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest... Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. What is the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. [答案]B 解题思路 由主题段和主题句可知，本文主要告诉我们植物之间也可以相互交流。具体来说，文章第一段引出话题，第二至四段介绍了植物之间交流的方式，第五段总结全文并展望未来的研究前景，故答案为B。 考向07 图片理解题 这种题目既考查考生对文章内容的理解，又考查考生识图的能力。 例 Caber Toss In this sport, players compete to throw a large piece of wood called a caber as far as they can. There is no rule about the size of the caber, but it's usually the size of a small tree. It's an ancient Scottish sport. Visitors to the UK can check it out. Which picture best describes Caber Toss? A. B. C. D. [答案]C 解题思路 本题属于图片理解题。首先观察四幅图片，找出它们的区别，然后由题干中的关键词 Caber Toss可定位到本段第一句。根据本段第一句可知,这种比赛事实上就是扔木头,看谁扔得最远。再结合图片可知答案为C。 考向08 主题分类训练 主题一、科学技术与网络 （2025·广东广州·一模）In 2024, we saw many amazing things in science, what can we expect in 2025? These are some of the big topics in the science world. Flying to space The year 2024 was a big one for space travel. And 2025 will probably be the same. China will send new people to the Tiangong space station and let Tianwen-2 go to the space rock 2016HO3. It will also work with Europe together to send up a satellite called SMILE which will help us learn more about the sun. AI agents (智能体) Can AI help us make plans and do work? AI agents can. They can make choices and do things without much help from people. For example, an AI agent app can help plan your summer trip by booking tickets and hotels. It can even remember you like hotels with pools best. These helpers will become a big thing in 2025. They will help make 15%of decisions on work by 2028. Humanoid robots Humanoid robots look like people. They have arms and legs. They are different from other robots you see around. They can move around really easily and they could work in places such as restaurants, homes, and factories, just like people do. As AI and robotics get better, they are becoming more important. Now China is working hard to make humanoid robots. Over 10 Chinese companies are working on making such robots, said China Daily. Going greener Last year was the hottest ever because of climate change. This makes green technology more important than ever. Carbon capture and storage (碳捕捉和存储), which is also known as CCS, is such a great technology. It works by “catching” CO2 at factories and putting it underground. CCS technology now helps keep nearly 45 million tons of CO2 out of the air every year. Thanks to it, we can breathe more fresh air and suffer from less heat. 1．Which of the following can help us to organize a trip? A．SMILE. B．AI agents. C．Humanoid robots. D．CCS. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．AI agents look like humans and work in different places. B．The satellite SMILE will help us learn more about the moon. C．CCS may make a difference to reducing the greenhouse effect. D．Humanoid robots as well as other robots can move around easily 3．How does the writer tell the importance of green technology? A．By telling a story. B．By giving instructions. C．By asking a question. D．By offering an example. 4．Which can be the best title for this article? A．2025: A year of space and robots B．New inventions in space exploration C．Moving forward with science in 2025 D．Environmental pollution and its solutions 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年科学领域的四大发展趋势：太空探索、AI智能体的决策应用、人形机器人的商业化推进，以及碳捕捉技术对缓解气候变暖的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据AI agents (智能体)中的介绍信息“For example, an AI agent app can help plan your summer trip by booking tickets and hotels.”可知，智能体可以通过预订机票和酒店来帮助规划夏季旅行。也就是说，智能体可以帮助我们规划旅行。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Going greener中的介绍信息“CCS technology now helps keep nearly 45 million tons of CO2 out of the air every year.”可知，CCS技术现在每年有助于减少近4500万吨的二氧化碳排放。也就是说，CCS可能会对减少温室效应产生影响。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Going greener中的介绍信息“Last year was the hottest ever because of climate change. This makes green technology more important than ever. Carbon capture and storage (碳捕捉和存储), which is also known as CCS, is such a great technology.”可知，作者通过具体案例 (CCS技术捕捉二氧化碳) 说明绿色科技的重要性。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了2025年科学领域的四大发展趋势：太空探索、AI智能体的决策应用、人形机器人的商业化推进，以及碳捕捉技术对缓解气候变暖的作用。因此，C项“Moving forward with science in 2025. (2025，与科学共进。)”能概括本文所述。故选C。 （2025·广东广州·二模）High school students from around the world recently proved that robotics isn’t just about building machines — it’s about solving real - world problems. The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition in Shanghai (FRC), held at East China Normal University in March, brought together nearly 1,000 high school students from 43 teams coming from different countries and regions, including China, the United States, and Australia. This year’s theme, “Reefscape” (拯救珊瑚), challenged students to design robots to rebuild ocean ecosystems. The challenges tested students’ both technical skills and environmental care. Among the competitors, two Shanghai teams stood out. Team 6941 “Iron - Pulse” from Shanghai Pinghe School won first place, while Team 6940 “Violet Z” from a local high school took third. Both teams will compete in the world championship in Houston, USA． As the world’s highest - level youth robotics competition, FRC requires strong teamwork, Mei Kai, the 17 - year - old captain of Iron - Pulse, explained. “Everyone has a role to play — whether it’s the driver, coach, technician or programmer — and success comes from working together,” he said. Song Jinyang, coach of Violet Z, believes that this level of close cooperation among students helps to improve their ability to solve complex problems. “when a robot part fails, students must figure out the problems step by step, this teaches them teamwork,” she added. The competition also encouraged global friendship. Violet Z once shared their coding tips with teams from other countries. “Real progress isn’t about beating others — it’s learning together,” said Iron - Pulse’s coach Jin Shifei. “If your competitor is missing a part and you happen to have it, would you lend it to them? Of course, the answer is yes — that’s the true success of education,” he added. Through teamwork and kindness, these young students proved technology can protect our oceans and bring the world closer. 1．What is the theme of the 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC)? A．Building the fastest robot in the world. B．Solving land pollution with robots. C．Rebuilding ocean ecosystems through robotics. D．Creating robots for ocean exploration. 2．What does the underlined word “complex” mean in paragraph 6? A．complicated B．basic C．normal D．simple 3．What can be inferred from Jin Shifei’s words about lending parts to competitors? A．Competition success is measured by defeating others. B．True educational success lies in teamwork instead of competition. C．Teams should prioritize their own needs over helping others. D．Sharing resources is against the competition rules. 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Shanghai Robotics Rising: Engineering Tomorrow, Today! B．A Student - Led Robot Business for Ocean Protection C．Teens, Tech and Teamwork: Saving Oceans with Robot Innovation D．Robots and competition: An Ocean Protection Business of Young Students 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年第一届机器人竞赛的主题，以及参赛者对此次比赛的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“This year’s theme, “Reefscape” (拯救珊瑚), challenged students to design robots to rebuild ocean ecosystems.”可知，2025年第一届机器人竞赛的主题是拯救珊瑚。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据第六段点“Song Jinyang, coach of Violet Z, believes that this level of close cooperation among students helps to improve their ability to solve complex problems.”可知，Song Jinyang认为，这种学生之间的密切合作有助于提高他们解决复杂问题的能力。所以划线词“complex”在这里是指“复杂的”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第七段“Real progress isn’t about beating others — it’s learning together”和“If your competitor is missing a part and you happen to have it, would you lend it to them? Of course, the answer is yes — that’s the true success of education”可知，金石飞说：真正的进步不是打败别人，而是一起学习，如果你的竞争对手缺少一个零件，而你恰好有，你会借给他们吗？当然，答案是肯定的——这是教育的真正成功。也就是说真正的教育成功在于团队合作，而不是竞争。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。根据最后一段“Through teamwork and kindness, these young students proved technology can protect our oceans and bring the world closer.”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了2025年第一届机器人竞赛的主题，以及参赛者对此次比赛的看法，通过团队合作和善良，年轻的学生证明了技术可以保护我们的海洋，让世界更近。选项C“青少年、技术和团队合作：通过机器人创新拯救海洋”最适合作为本文的标题。故选C。 （2024广东模拟，B） “Sora” is a new model created by OpenAI, an American company. The cool model is surprising the world. It doesn't just make text and pictures for us anymore. It can turn your words into videos like magic! Just tell Sora your ideas and watch it make a video right before your eyes. Videos created by Sora look good on both large TVs and small smartphones. Sora can also make scenes with lots of people doing different things with clear details（细节）. It also knows how things should look in real life. Why is it so good? Sora is a good learner. It watches many videos and learns from them by breaking them into very small parts. It uses these parts to make a new video. The new video is gray at first and you can't tell what's in it. Then, Sora overhauls the video until it looks fine. Sora also gets help from ChatGPT. It can turn the users' short sentences into clear instructions. This helps Sora make the video just as you asked. OpenAI is still testing Sora, so it is not good enough. Sora may find “busy” pictures hard to understand. For example， when a person moves, things around them change. Sora can't make everything look real. In one video created by Sora, a grandma blows the candles on a birthday cake, but the flame（火焰） doesn't move. Besides, Sora may not be able to tell “left” from “right” and mess up a person's leg movements. 1．What is Sora? A. An online tool that can answer its users' questions. B. A website that breaks videos into very small parts. C. An AI tool which offers music choices to video makers. D. A model that can create videos according to its users' words. 2．Which of the following can describe videos made by Sora? a.They look nice. b.They seem a bit unclear. c.They seem true. d.They are longer than a minute. A. ab B. bc C. ac D. cd 3．What does the underlined word “overhauls” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Follows. B. Studies. C. Gives. D. Fixes. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Sora is not perfect. B. All Sora's works are tested. C. Sora has already been used widely. D. It's hard for Sora to satisfy everyone. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A. OpenAI Makes Videos B. Sora Surprises the World C. Sora's Videos Are Easy to Watch D. ChatGPT Helps Sora 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一家美国公司OpenAI创造的人工智能新模型Sora。 [答案]1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘Sora’ is a new model...It can turn your words into videos like magic!”可知，Sora是一个能根据用户的话制作视频的模型，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Videos created by Sora look good on both large TVs and small smartphones.”和“It also knows how things should look in real life.”可知，a和c符合对 Sora所制作的视频的描述，故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The new video is gray at first and you can't tell what's in it. Then, Sora overhauls the video until it looks fine.”可知，一开始视频是灰色的，看不清有什么，然后Sora处理视频，直到能看清。overhaul与fix意思相近，故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读最后一段内容并结合本段第一句中“it is not good enough”可推知，Sora并不完美，它所制作的视频在某些方面依然存在问题，故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据第一段中“‘Sora’ is a new model...The cool model is surprising the world.”并通读全文其他内容可知，文章主要介绍了OpenAI的新模型Sora, 它给世界带来了惊喜。B选项“Sora Surprises the World”最适合作为文章标题，故选B。 （2024深圳二模，A） The First Shenzhen （International） Intelligent Sanitation Cleaning Robot Competition was held at Shenzhen World Exhibition & Convention Center （国际会展中心） in Baoan District in March 2024. A total of 37 robots got awards at the competition. Four of them won first prizes, seven second prizes, ten third prizes, and the others received merit prizes. At first, companies developed cleaning robots based on their understanding of market demands （需求）. This competition, also the world's first sanitation robot competition, however, was set to change this situation. It aimed to help the high-quality development of sanitation cleaning robots. The driverless sweeper S330, developed by a company from Shenzhen, won one of the first prizes. It was the only one to successfully finish cleaning on a 20-degree slope at the competition. The sweeper S330 is a highly intelligent outdoor driverless sweeper and it has a large rubbish bin. It can dump rubbish by itself when it is full. It can also clean while spraying （喷） water to control dust. This sweeper has been used in Huafu Subdistrict and Shenzhen Book City CBD Store in Futian District. At present, Shenzhen is leading in producing, researching and developing the AI sanitation equipment. It accounts for more than 30% of the companies in this area in China. Shenzhen is playing a very important role in China, and even around the world. 1．How many robots got the merit prizes? A. 4. B. 7. C. 16. D. 37. 2．Why did companies invent the cleaning robots at first? A. To satisfy market needs. B. To better understand them. C. To clean on 20-degree slopes. D. To get awards at competitions. 3．What's the purpose of holding the competition? A. To attract foreign companies' attention. B. To build up a good environment for companies. C. To improve the development of the cleaning robots. D. To encourage more companies to join competitions. 4．What do we know about the sweeper S330 according to the passage? a.It can do cleaning and spray water. b.It can dump rubbish by itself. c.It can do cleaning on a 20-degree slope. d.It's been used everywhere in Shenzhen. A. abd B. bcd C. acd D. abc 5．What's the passage mainly about? A. A study about making robots. B. A plan for developing new robots. C. A news report about a robot competition. D. A guide to an international competition. 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了首届深圳国际智能环卫机器人大赛。 [答案]1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据“A total of 37 robots got awards at the competition. Four of them won first prizes, seven second prizes, ten third prizes, and the others received merit prizes.”可知，共有37个机器人在比赛中获奖。其中4个获得一等奖，7个获得二等奖，10个获得三等奖，剩余的16个获得优秀奖，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“At first, companies developed cleaning robots based on their understanding of market demands.”可知，最开始，这些公司研发这些清洁机器人是为了满足市场的需求，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“This competition, also the world's first sanitation robot competition, however, was set to change this situation. It aimed to help the high-quality development of sanitation cleaning robots.”可知，这个比赛是为了助力环卫清洁机器人高质量的发展，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“It was the only one to successfully finish cleaning on a 20-degree slope at the competition.”可知，它可以在20度斜坡上完成清洁，所以c选项是正确的；根据“It can dump rubbish by itself when it is full.”可知，它可以自己倒垃圾，所以b选项是正确的；根据“It can also clean while spraying water to control dust.”可知，它可以边喷水边清洁，所以a选项是正确的；根据“This sweeper has been used in Huafu Subdistrict and Shenzhen Book City CBD Store in Futian District.”可知，它目前用于福田区华富街道和深圳书城中心城店，未说明是否用于深圳所有地方，所以d选项错误。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The First Shenzhen （International） Intelligent Sanitation Cleaning Robot Competition was held at Shenzhen World Exhibition & Convention Center in Baoan District in March 2024.”可知，这是一篇介绍首届深圳国际智能环卫机器人大赛的新闻报道，故选C。 （2024深圳二模，C） Known as the “air taxi”, the eVTOL aircraft （电动垂直起降飞行器） completed its first inter-city flight on February 27th. The flight started from Shekou Port in Shenzhen to Jiuzhou Port in Zhuhai. It took about 20 minutes for the over 55-kilometer trip. Developed by a high-tech company, the electric-powered aircraft is able to carry five people at a speed of 200 kilometers per hour. If this technology can be widely used in air transportation, it will bring great convenience to us. As more and more people have their own cars, we always spend hours being stuck in the street. If this new invention can carry passengers in daily life, electric air taxis will work as a solution to our congested cities. We will then live and work in three dimensions （维度）. However, the industry will need to deal with a lot of difficulties. Laws, costs and public acceptance stand in the way of the widespread use of air taxis, according to Tim Schwanen, who is the director of the Transport Studies Unit at the University of Oxford. “In some ways, technology isn't the most difficult part,” Schwanen said. “There are problems around laws and costs, and there are problems around markets. Do we want these services? Do we need them?” Besides, car designer Frank Stephenson, who designs Lilium's aircraft, said companies must take safety into their first consideration （考虑）. “The moment when one of these things has a problem, you're going to lose a lot of public confidence and trust,” he said. 1．What can we know about the first inter-city flight of eVTOL aircraft? A. It started from Jiuzhou Port in Zhuhai. B. It took less than half an hour for the trip. C. It was powered by petrol or fossil oil. D. It could carry as many people as a plane. 2．What does the underlined word “congested” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Tourist. B. Highly-developed. C. Crowded. D. Ancient. 3．Among all the difficulties, which one isn't the difficult part for the air taxi industry? A. Laws. B. Markets. C. Costs. D. Technology. 4．What does Frank Stephenson want to emphasize （强调） in the last paragraph? A. The safety of passengers is important to the air taxi companies. B. Companies should provide lower prices to win public trust. C. The public should have confidence in the safety of the eVTOL aircraft. D. The technology is very likely to have a problem in the future. 5．How can the passage be divided into? （①=paragraph 1; ②=paragraph 2; ...） A. ① ②③ ④⑤ B. ① ②③④ ⑤ C. ① ② ③④⑤ D. ①② ③ ④⑤ 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“空中出租车”。 [答案]1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据“It took about 20 minutes for the over 55-kilometer trip.”可知，55公里的路程花了大约20分钟。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“If this new invention can carry passengers in daily life, electric air taxis will work as a solution to our congested cities.”可知，如果这项新发明能够在日常生活中载客，电动空中出租车将成为解决城市拥堵的方案，故此处画线部分和crowded意义相近，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In some ways...There are problems around laws and costs, and there are problems around markets.”可知，技术不是最困难的部分，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“companies must take safety into their first consideration”可知，他强调乘客的安全对空中出租车公司来说很重要，故选A。 5．篇章结构题。分析全文可知，第一段引出了“空中出租车”这一话题；第二段介绍了“空中出租车”的好处；第三至第五段介绍了“空中出租车”面临的许多困难。选项C符合文章结构，故选C。 （2023广东模拟，B） Ever since the 19th century, people's search for improved ways of producing electricity has never stopped. Now a UK company has developed a new kind of floor. It is very special. There is a system that can produce a certain amount of electricity very cheaply using the energy from footsteps. When people step on this special floor, electricity is produced. The inventor of the floor came up with the idea when he was a student and worked in an energy business. The business asked him to find ways to power up street lights in the city center using the energy from the sun, but it soon became clear that this might not work because many city centers don't get enough sunlight because of tall buildings. Then he thought of a better plan. Why not use the energy produced by people who walk past the street instead? The right technology could be used to convert this energy into electricity—right under people's feet. The floor could actually be very efficient （效率高的）. This is especially true when it is used in very busy areas. And the reason is that a lot of energy is produced simply because of large numbers of people walking across the floor. The floor can have other uses too, such as recording how many people visit a particular （特定的） place at particular times. This kind of information is very useful for certain people. For example, shop owners near the place would be interested in knowing what time of the day they have the highest customer numbers. So the next time you visit a big shopping center, have a careful look at the floor that you're walking across! 1．What is special about the new kind of floor? A. It can be used in many busy areas in cities. B. It depends on sunlight to produce electricity. C. It can provide customers with information about shopping. D. It produces electricity with the energy from footsteps. 2．Why do many city centers fail to get enough sunlight? A. Because the buildings are tall. B. Because the skies aren't clear. C. Because the traffic is always busy. D. Because the environment is polluted. 3．What does the underlined word “convert” probably mean in this passage? A. Carry. B. Change. C. Collect. D. Avoid. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. It is really difficult to produce electricity by using sunlight. B. The use of the floor may help solve the problem of climate change. C. The more people walk on the floor, the more electricity can be produced. D. The floor could be of little help to the shop owners near the street using it. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A. A Creative Business B. A Talented Inventor C. A Discussion on Sunlight D. A New Way of Producing Electricity 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的发电方式，即利用脚步踩在地板上产生的能量来发电。 [答案]1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“There is a system that can produce a certain amount of electricity very cheaply using the energy from footsteps.”可知，这种新型地板的特殊之处在于它利用脚步产生的能量来发电，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“...many city centers don't get enough sunlight because of tall buildings.”可知, 许多城市中心得不到足够的阳光是因为楼房太高，故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的use the energy和第二句中的this energy into electricity可知，这里的意思是把能量转变成电，change“改变，变成”符合句意，故选B。 4．细节理解题。选项A“利用阳光发电真的很困难”表述有误，因为文章只是说在市中心很难利用阳光发电；选项B“地板的使用可能有助于解决气候变化问题”文中没有提及；选项D“这种地板可能对使用它的街道附近的商店老板没有什么帮助”，与文章第五段第二、三句“This kind of information is very useful for certain people. For example, shop owners near the place would be interested in knowing what time of the day they have the highest customer numbers.”表述相悖；根据第四段第三句“And the reason is that a lot of energy is produced simply because of large numbers of people walking across the floor.”可知，踩在地板上的人越多，产生的能量就越多，从而产生的电量也就越多，故选C。 5．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章是在介绍一种新的发电方式，即利用脚步踩在地板上产生的能量来发电。故选D。 主题二、社会文化、历史及其变迁 (2024广东一模，B)Yunjin （云锦） is a beautiful brocade （织锦） made in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Yun in Chinese means “clouds” and jin means “brocade”. The materials used in yunjin are valuable, such as silk, gold and silver, resulting in its high collecting value. Yunjin, with a history of over 1,600 years, has the best quality among all the brocades in China. It stands for the finest Chinese silk cloth. The brocade comes out from a traditional wooden loom （织布机） as big as 5.6 meters long, 1.4 meters wide and 4 meters high. The huge loom needs two people to work, one above and one below. The process （过程） is so long and complex that a brocade with a length of 5 to 6 centimeters takes two people all day to make and the production cannot be replaced with modern machines. Its pictures are large in shape and the use of gold and silver makes them rich and shining. In ancient times, yunjin served as materials for the royal family's clothes and to beautify their palaces. It was also used as gifts for important foreign guests. With the development of technology and changes in people's lifestyle, young people have less interest in traditional arts which require a long time of learning and practicing. To pass down the skills of yunjin, the Chinese government set up the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute in 1957, which has helped spread the culture of brocade and built a cultural bridge between China and the world. 1．Why does yunjin have a high collecting value? A. Because it has a long history. B. Because it has the best quality. C. Because it is made of valuable materials. D. Because it is made of huge wooden looms. 2．What does the underlined word “complex” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Common. B. Difficult. C. Different. D. Expensive. 3．The Chinese government set up Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute to ______. A. pass down the skills of yunjin B. develop ways to make yunjin C. help young people make yunjin D. change traditional skills of yunjin 4．What do you learn about yunjin from the passage? A. It takes 5 to 6 days to make. B. It interests more people to learn it. C. It has large, rich and shining pictures. D. It can be made by modern machines. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A. The First Invention in Chinese History B. The Biggest Change in Chinese History C. The Latest Material of Chinese Silk Cloth D. The Greatest Symbol of Chinese Silk Cloth 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国云锦的历史、制作过程以及它在中国文化中的价值和传承。 [答案]1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据“The materials used in yunjin are valuable, such as silk, gold and silver, resulting in its high collecting value.”可知，云锦所用材料很珍贵，如丝绸、金、银等，所以收藏价值高。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“The process is so long and complex that a brocade with a length of 5 to 6 centimeters takes two people all day to make and the production cannot be replaced with modern machines.”可知，一段5到6厘米长的织锦需要两个人一整天的时间才能制作完成，说明过程耗时长且困难，“difficult”与“complex”的意思接近，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“To pass down the skills of yunjin, the Chinese government set up the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute in 1957”可知，是为了传承云锦技艺，故选A。 4．细节理解题。文章中并未提及制作云锦的时间，只提到制作5至6厘米的织锦需花费两人一天时间，选项A错误；根据第三段第一句“...young people have less interest in traditional arts...”可知，年轻人对传统艺术不感兴趣，从而不愿意学，选项B错误； 根据“Its pictures are large in shape and the use of gold and silver makes them rich and shining.”可知，云锦有着形状很大，丰富而闪亮的图画，选项C正确。根据第二段第五句“...the production cannot be replaced with modern machines.”可知，云锦的生产不能由现代机器代替，选项D错误。故选C。 5．最佳标题。根据“Yunjin, with a history of over 1,600 years, has the best quality among all the brocades in China. It stands for the finest Chinese silk cloth.”及全文其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了云锦，它代表着中国最好的丝绸布料。所以D选项 “中国丝绸织物中最杰出的代表” 符合文意，故选D。 主题三、绿色生活与环境保护 （2024广州二模，B） How our travel choices impact the climate Travelling in cars, trucks, planes, and other vehicles has an effect on climate change. But how bad is each type of transportation? Let's take a look. For more information, see the 2022 book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike. Bus vs. Train Buses and trains carry a lot of people. So the carbon impact （影响） of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight of the people and the bus or train itself. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a typical train ride more than the impact of a typical bus ride. —Bus wins! Old Car vs. New Car When people must drive, what type of car is the best? Electric cars are fantastic, but they're not perfect. According to Mike, the fuel used to power a car only accounts for about 50 percent of its impact. The other half comes mostly from building and maintaining a car. Factories make or assemble （组装） parts for new cars. All of this requires energy. In general, Mike says, the most climate-friendly choice is to keep an old car as long as possible, or buy a small used car instead of a new one. —Old car wins! Car vs. Plane Only about two percent of global emissions （排放） come from air travel. But that is mainly because it's much less common than other forms of travel. Even though planes carry more people than cars, a plane trip is usually far worse for the climate. Getting a heavy plane up into the sky and keeping it there burns lots of fuel. And today we can't switch to electric passenger planes because batteries aren't yet powerful enough. Also, burning fuel high in the sky has a greater impact on climate change than burning the same amount of fuel close to the ground. “It's hard to avoid the conclusion that we need to fly less,” writes Mike. —Car wins! 1．Why is the climate impact of a train ride greater than that of a bus ride? A. Trains require more fuel to start. B. Trains are larger and heavier. C. Trains carry more people. D. Trains move much faster. 2．If we must drive, what should we do according to the passage? A. Buy a small car that is newly produced. B. Drive a big car that can carry more people. C. Drive our cars that are used for a long time. D. Buy new electric cars that are small but fantastic. 3．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in Paragraph 5? A. The fact that around 2% of global emissions come from air travel. B. The reason why planes are less common than other forms of travel. C. The influence that burning fuel high in the sky has on climate change. D. The moment when getting a heavy plane into the sky burns lots of fuel. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Tips for safe driving while travelling. B. The influence of travel choices on the climate. C. Travelling by different types of transportation. D. Importance of choosing a green way to travel. 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要探讨了不同出行方式对气候变化的影响。 [答案]1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据“Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a typical train ride more than the impact of a typical bus ride.”可知，坐火车比坐公共汽车对气候的影响更大是因为火车更大更重，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“In general, Mike says, the most climate-friendly choice is to keep an old car as long as possible, or buy a small used car instead of a new one.”可知，最环保的选择是尽可能长时间地保留旧车，或者买一辆小型二手车而不是新车。因此如果我们必须开车，就开我们开了很长时间的车，故选C。 3．代词指代题。根据“Only about two percent of global emissions come from air travel. But that is mainly because it's much less common than other forms of travel.”可知，全球只有大约2%的排放量来自航空旅行，这主要是因为它比其他形式的旅行要少得多。因此“that”指的是前面所提到的全球只有大约2%的排放量来自航空旅行这个事实，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据标题“How our travel choices impact the climate”可知，本文主要探讨了不同出行方式对气候变化的影响，故选B。 主题四、动植物的特征与动植物保护 （2024东莞一模，B） A lot of animals travel from one place to another. We call this migration（迁徙）. In Africa, large animals, like elephants and zebras, migrate to find food and water. They usually follow the same ways every year. A lot of birds migrate to find food and better weather, too. They are usually birds that eat insects. They spend the summer in northern Europe, because there are lots of insects there. In winter there aren't any insects, so the birds fly south to southern Europe and Africa. Arctic terns（北极燕鸥） travel the furthest when they migrate. They spend the summer in the Arctic, but when winter comes they fly to the Antarctic, because it's summer there. The next year they fly back to the Arctic again. In one year these small birds travel 90,000 km from one end of the earth to the other and back again. Nobody knows how they do it. Some fish migrate to breed. Salmon（鲑鱼） can swim over 20,000 km in their life. They are born in rivers in Ireland, Scotland and other places in northern Europe. The young fish swim down the river to the sea and into the Atlantic Ocean. They live in the ocean until they are grown-ups. Then they return to the river where they were born. They lay their eggs in the river and then they usually die. Salmon do this, because their eggs are safer in the river. Other fish can't eat them. 1．According to the passage, many birds fly to Africa in winter to find ______. A. partners B. water C. land D. food 2．Which of the following is TRUE about Arctic terns? A. They live in the Antarctic all year. B. They migrate to find food. C. They travel further than the salmon. D. They are big birds. 3．The underlined word “breed” probably means “______”. A. produce babies B. look for food C. live longer D. avoid winter 4．Where do the young salmon live according to the text? A. In the rivers in Ireland. B. In the Atlantic Ocean. C. In the river where they were born. D. In the sea in Scotland. 5．The passage mainly tells us ______. A. the migration of animals B. the time of migration C. the direction of migration D. the result of migration 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几种动物迁徙的现象和原因。 [答案]1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句中的“A lot of birds migrate to find food”可知，许多鸟类冬季迁徙到非洲是为了觅食，故选D。 2．细节理解题。A 项错误，北极燕鸥是在南北两极居住；B 项错误，它们迁徙是因为气候；C 项正确，对比它们迁徙的千米数可得出；D 项错误，文章提到它们是小鸟。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据下文“They are born in rivers in Ireland...The young fish swim down...They lay their eggs in the river...”可知，鲑鱼迁徙是为了繁衍后代，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The young fish swim down the river to the sea and into the Atlantic Ocean. They live in the ocean until they are grown-ups.”可知，幼年鲑鱼生活在大西洋，故选B。 5．主旨大意题。文章的第一段概括了文章的主旨，重点讲的是动物的迁徙及迁徙的原因，故选A。 基础过关 （一） （2024广东模拟，B） Plastic is almost everywhere, but now plastic has been found in an unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs（寄居蟹）. It's said that hermit crabs are using plastic litter as shells（壳）. Zuzanna Jagiello, a researcher of the study, said, “For me, a hermit crab in a plastic shell could be an icon of our times. They don't have homes, so they use rubbish.” Jagiello studies the Anthropocene（人类世）. It is the period in which human activity has had a strong influence on the environment. Hermit crabs using plastic waste as shells is one example of that influence. To protect themselves, hermit crabs wear shells of the dead sea snails（海螺）. But according to the study, at least 386 hermit crabs have been recorded wearing waste. Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps. The others wore glass or metal. Scientists aren't sure why hermit crabs are choosing litter instead of snail shells. But there are some guesses. Hermit crabs could be turning to litter because they can't find enough snail shells. It's also possible that crabs are choosing plastic because it's light and easy to carry. Or they're interested in its bright colors. Scientists agree that plastic pollution harms wildlife in many ways. But it isn't clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It's really an amazing example of the beauty of adaptation（适应）， which shows how some animals are dealing with the Anthropocene,” Jagiello says. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A. By listing numbers. B. By raising questions. C. By presenting facts. D. By explaining reasons. 2．What does the underlined word “icon” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Reason. B. Sign. C. Hero. D. Problem. 3．Which of the following might a hermit crab use as its shell? A. B. C. D. 4．Which of the following would Jagiello probably agree with? A. Hermit crabs choose metal because of its bright color. B. Sea snails prefer plastic bottles to other kinds of waste. C. Hermit crabs eat sea snails for food and then use their shells. D. Hermit crabs use plastic as shells to get used to the environment. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A. The living habits of sea animals. B. The ways of doing scientific research. C. The new findings about hermit crabs. D. The pollution caused by plastic products. 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了寄居蟹利用塑料废弃物作为自己寄居的外壳的原因。 [答案]1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C [解析]1．写作手法题。通读第一段内容可知，作者通过列举一系列的事实引出本文的话题，故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容推知，在人类活动的影响下，寄居蟹失去了大量原本可以用的海螺壳。这使它们不得不用塑料废弃物来作为替代品，这一现象是我们所处时代的产物，可以被视作时代的标志。icon意为“标志”，与sign意思相近，故选B。 3．图文理解题。根据第二段中“Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps.” 可知，选项A中的塑料瓶盖可能会被寄居蟹用作壳，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It's really an amazing example of the beauty of adaptation, which shows how some animals are dealing with the Anthropocene”可推知，Jagiello认为寄居蟹用塑料作壳是为了适应环境，故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了关于寄居蟹的新发现，即用塑料作为寄居的壳，故选C。 能力进阶 （2025·广东广州·二模） How do people think differently? This has always been unusual. To search an answer, a scientist named J.P. Guilford started a famous study of creativity in the 1970s, known as the nine-dot puzzle. He asked the participants to connect all nine dots using only four straight lines, without lifting their pencils from the page. All the participants looked for solutions within the square they imagined. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the square and continue their lines in the white space around the dots, while the rest of them were blinded by the boundaries (边界) of the square. The results of Guilford’s study led him to a conclusion: creativity needs you to go outside the box. The idea was widely spread soon. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The idea was so popular that no one thought of checking the facts. No one, that is, before two different research teams—Clarke Burmham with Kenneth Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg—did another experiment. To make sure that Guilford’s study is correct, both teams divided participants into two groups. The first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilford’s experiment. The second group was told to draw the lines outside the imagined box. Guess what? Only a little more than 20 percent solved the puzzle, which is no big difference from the result of Guilford’s experiment. Let’s look a little more closely at the surprising result. Solving this problem requires people to think outside the box. However, direct and clear instructions to “think outside the box” do not help participants improve their performance. The widely spread idea that out-of-the-box thinking makes people more creative can, in some way, be dangerous. After all, with one simple but brilliant experiment, researchers had proved that the connection between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding. 1．The nine-dot puzzle study is mainly focused on ________. A．how people do things in real life B．how people think in different ways C．what people see in the experiment D．what knowledge people have learned 2．Why did the two research teams do the following experiment? A．To find out the main idea of Guiford’s study. B．To show different opinions against Guiford’s study. C．To collect supporting details for Guiford’s study. D．To double-check the correctness of Guiford’s study. 3．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．boundaries sometimes make people think less creatively B．clear instructions influence how people solve problems C．few people performed better with the clear instructions D．the methods of nine-dot puzzle study need to be improved 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Puzzle Solving: A Key To Creativity B．Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test C．Thinking Outside the Box: A Misleading Idea D．Creative Thinking: An Unusual Topic 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了九点谜题实验及其对创造力思维的启示，探讨了“跳出框架思考”这一流行观念的科学性验证过程。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“How do people think differently? This has always been unusual. To search an answer, a scientist named J.P. Guilford started a famous study of creativity in the 1970s, known as the nine-dot puzzle.”可知，“九点谜题”这项研究主要关注的是人们是如何用不同的方法思考的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To make sure that Guilford’s study is correct, both teams divided participants into two groups.”可知，两个团队的实验目的是验证Guilford研究的正确性。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Guess what? Only a little more than 20 percent solved the puzzle, which is no big difference from the result of Guilford’s experiment.”可知，即便明确提示“跳出框架”，只有20%多一点的人解决了这个难题，这与Guilford的实验结果没有太大区别。由此推知，即使有明确的指示也几乎没有人做的更好。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章结尾强调“researchers had proved that the connection between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding.”，说明“跳出框架思考”与创造力的关联被误解，故最佳标题为“跳出框框思考：一个误导人的想法”。故选C。 （2025·广东广州·一模）We are getting used to having robots in our homes, stores, and factories. What about on stage? In fact, the word robot comes from a 1920 science-fiction play. In Rossum’s Universal Robots, people performed as the machine-like creatures. Recently, some directors and artists have invited actual robots to share the stage in dances and other performances. Catie Cuan is one of them. “Robots are for everyone,” she says. Cuan began her career as a dancer and choreographer—a person who maps out the movements of dancers. But she fell in love with robots and has pioneered a new field called robot choreography. Today, she’s studying robotics at Stanford University in Northern California. You might imagine robots would dance like machines. After all, that’s how the popular dance “the robot” looks. Most robots today, however, can move in a more life-like manner. It takes time and effort to program robots to do the movements Cuan wants. But the results, she says, “will surprise you.” At first, Cuan knew little about robot choreography. In 2022, she wrote, choreographed and performed the stage show In Her Prime. She danced with two other women and two Boston Dynamics spot robots. In the dance, the robots stayed behind a screen so the audience only saw their shadows. Cuan says that cave paintings inspired her. In the media, Cuan says, “Robots are often described negatively.” They may seem alien, cold, or scary. Seeing a robot dance may make the technology seem fun, attractive, or friendly instead. Sometimes after her performances, the audience tell her that the dance changes the way they think about robots. Robots may seem like they’re all about maths and engineering. But, as Cuan suggests, they belong in art, too. “We as humans have been making art a lot longer than we’ve been doing maths,” she says. She points out that we use art and dance to make sense of the world. Cuan thinks that performances like hers will help people feel more at home with robots. “We need to dance with robots to make sense of them.” she says. 1．Why did Catie Cuan use a screen in her dance In Her Prime with robots? A．To show the robots’ shadows. B．To display cave paintings. C．To hide the robots’ movements. D．To catch the attention of the audience. 2．According to Catie Cuan, what is one way robots can be connected to art? A．Robots can replace human artists. B．Robots can teach people about art. C．Robots can only be used in engineering. D．Robots can help people understand the world through art. 3．The following sentences “This is only one of many dances Cuan has performed with robots. Her goal is to show people new ways to relate to these machines.” would best be placed at the beginning of ________. A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 4．What can we learn from the article? A．The word robot comes from In Her Prime. B．Dancing with robots can help us understand them better. C．The audience will develop an interest in robotics engineering. D．Some students at Stanford University enjoy studying robotics. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文讲述了Catie Cuan开创了机器人编舞这一领域，介绍了她和机器人在舞台上表演舞蹈的相关情况，以及她对机器人与艺术关系的看法，表明和机器人跳舞能帮助人们更好地理解它们。 1．细节理解题。根据“In the dance, the robots stayed behind a screen so the audience only saw their shadows.”可知，Catie Cuan在舞蹈中使用屏幕是为了展示机器人的影子。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“She points out that we use art and dance to make sense of the world. Cuan thinks that performances like hers will help people feel more at home with robots. ‘We need to dance with robots to make sense of them.’ she says.”可知，Catie Cuan认为机器人可以通过艺术帮助人们理解世界。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。根据“This is only one of many dances Cuan has performed with robots. Her goal is to show people new ways to relate to these machines.”这句话总结了Cuan和机器人跳舞的表演，且提到她的目标，第五段主要讲述Cuan认为机器人在艺术方面的意义以及表演对人们的影响，放在第五段开头能起到承上启下的作用。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Cuan thinks that performances like hers will help people feel more at home with robots. ‘We need to dance with robots to make sense of them.’ she says.”可知，和机器人跳舞能帮助我们更好地理解它们。故选B。 （2025·广东广州·一模）Electric vehicles (EVs) are changing the way we travel by offering a cleaner choice to traditional gasoline cars. Unlike gasoline engines that burn fuel and release harmful gases, EVs use rechargeable batteries to power an electric motor. This motor turns the wheels without producing harmful gases, making EVs much better for the environment. Charging an EV is as simple as plugging it into a charging station or even a home outlet. Some advanced models can even store energy back into the battery when slowing down, which improves efficiency. One of the biggest advantages of EVs is their positive impact on air quality and climate change. Gasoline cars release carbon dioxide and other pollutants, contributing to global warming. In contrast, EVs produce zero emissions while driving. Countries like Norway are leading the way-over 80% of new cars sold there are electric, and the government plans to ban gasoline car sales by 2025. This change has already helped reduce Norway’s carbon footprint significantly. However, challenges remain. Many areas still lack enough charging stations, making long-distance travel difficult for EV owners. Additionally, producing EV batteries requires rare materials like lithium, and recycling old batteries is technically complex. Companies and governments are working to solve these issues. For example, Tesla is expanding its global charging network, and researchers are developing cheaper, eco-friendly battery materials. Looking ahead, the future of EVs is promising. Governments worldwide are encouraging their use through tax cuts and subsidies. China, the largest EV market, aims to build 10 million charging stations by 2030. Technological advancements are also making EVs more affordable and efficient. New batteries can now travel over 300 miles on a single charge, easing concerns about range. While difficulties exist, EVs represent a key step toward sustainable transportation. By adopting this technology, we can reduce pollution and create a healthier planet for future generations. The road ahead may be long, but with continued innovation and support, electric vehicles will play a key role in building a greener world. 1．What is the main advantage of electric vehicles compared to gasoline cars? A．Lower maintenance costs. B．Faster speed. C．More attractive design. D．More environmentally friendly. 2．What can we infer from the fact that over 80% of new cars sold in Norway are electric? A．The government’s efforts in promoting EVs are effective. B．Norway has no problem with air pollution C．Norway people don’t like gasoline cars at all D．Norway has the most advanced technology in making EVs 3．According to the third paragraph, which of the following is NOT a problem for electric vehicles? A．Lack of enough charging stations in many areas B．The complex recycling process of old EV batteries. C．The complete global charging network for EVs. D．The need for rare materials like lithium in producing EV batteries. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards electric vehicles? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了电动汽车（EVs）相对于传统汽油汽车的优势，特别是在环保方面的贡献，同时也讨论了电动汽车当前面临的挑战及未来的发展前景。 1．细节理解题。根据“Unlike gasoline engines that burn fuel and release harmful gases, EVs use rechargeable batteries to power an electric motor. This motor turns the wheels without producing harmful gases, making EVs much better for the environment.”可知，电动汽车相比汽油车更环保。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Countries like Norway are leading the way - over 80% of new cars sold there are electric, and the government plans to ban gasoline car sales by 2025. This change has already helped reduce Norway’s carbon footprint significantly.”可知，挪威超过80%的新车是电动汽车，说明政府在推广电动汽车方面的努力是有效的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Many areas still lack enough charging stations, making long - distance travel difficult for EV owners. Additionally, producing EV batteries requires rare materials like lithium, and recycling old batteries is technically complex.”可知，很多地区缺乏充电站、生产电池需要锂等稀有材料、旧电池回收技术复杂是电动汽车面临的问题，而全球完善的电动汽车充电网络并不是问题，而实际情况是目前没有完善的全球充电网络。故选C。 4．观点态度题。根据“Looking ahead, the future of EVs is promising… While difficulties exist, EVs represent a key step toward sustainable transportation. By adopting this technology, we can reduce pollution and create a healthier planet for future generations.”可知，作者认为电动汽车前景光明，是迈向可持续交通的关键一步，对其持积极态度。故选B。 真题实战 （2025·广东广州·中考真题）Libraries around the world still keep old books hundreds of years old. But will we be able to read today’s digital (数字的) books in hundreds of years? Librarians are worried. Even now, we can’t open some files (文件) from 20 or 25 years ago. Will our digital works be lost in a digital black hole? Will we face the loss of valuable information? Technology is changing fast. Old ways of keeping information are gone now, or they are no longer supported by new technology. For example, many people used floppy discs (软盘) to save files years ago, but today few machines can open them. Also, millions of songs and music pieces were saved on tapes or CDs, but now most old music players no longer work. Another problem is that websites often change or close down, and all the information on them can fall into the digital black hole. Books, however, are quite easy to keep. We don’t need special tools or technology to read them. If you keep them in a dry and safe place, they will stay safe for a long time. Li Shizhen’s great medical book Ben Cao Gang Mu came out in 1593. Amazingly, three copies from the first printing still survive today. That’s not bad for a book more than 400 years old. Today, to some researchers, printed books remain a safe way to keep information. In 2014, a professional group began to raise money to print a famous online encyclopedia into 1,000 books. This would make sure that even if digital technology fails, the knowledge can still be kept. For now, when it comes to storing information, printed copies seem to be the safest choice. However, future technology might develop and provide new ways to solve the problem of the digital black hole. Time will tell. 1．What happens if our digital works fall into a digital black hole? A．They are carefully kept. B．They cannot be understood. C．They cannot be read or reached. D．They are saved in a wrong place. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How music players are developing. B．How technology is changing over time. C．Why old machines are no longer used today. D．Why technology may cause information loss. 3．Why does the writer mention Ben Cao Gang Mu? A．To discuss why this book is still important. B．To show printed books can last for a long time. C．To explain how easy it is to keep printed books. D．To tell when the earliest printed book came out. 4．What would the writer most probably agree with? A．Libraries should keep more digital books. B．Digital books are less valuable than printed ones. C．Technology will soon solve the problem of the digital black hole. D．Technology is still looking for better ways to keep information. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了数字作品可能面临的信息丢失问题，指出随着技术的快速变化，旧的信息保存方式可能不再受支持，导致数字作品陷入“数字黑洞”，同时强调了纸质书籍在信息保存方面的优势，但也提到未来技术可能会发展出新的解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据“Will our digital works be lost in a digital black hole? Will we face the loss of valuable information?”可知，如果数字作品陷入“数字黑洞”，我们将面临有价值信息的丢失，即这些作品将无法被读取或访问。故选C。 2．段落大意题。根据“Technology is changing fast. Old ways of keeping information are gone now, or they are no longer supported by new technology”以及本段内容可知，第二段主要围绕技术快速变化展开，提到旧的保存信息的方式不再适用，如软盘、旧音乐播放器等无法使用，网站信息可能消失等，都是在说明技术可能导致信息丢失。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Books, however, are quite easy to keep. We don’t need special tools or technology to read them”以及“Li Shizhen’s great medical book Ben Cao Gang Mu came out in 1593. Amazingly, three copies from the first printing still survive today”可知，作者提到《本草纲目》是为了展示纸质书籍能够长时间保存的特点。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“For now, when it comes to storing information, printed copies seem to be the safest choice. However, future technology might develop and provide new ways to solve the problem of the digital black hole”可知，作者认为目前纸质书籍是保存信息的最安全选择，但未来技术可能会发展出新的解决方案来应对“数字黑洞”问题，即技术在寻找更好的信息保存方式。故选D。 （2025·广东·中考真题）Everyone knows that forests help fight climate change. However, a recent scientific report shows that the world lost 300,000 square kilometers of forests in 2024. That’s an area about the size of Italy. According to the report, for the first time ever, fires were the biggest cause of forest loss. ▲ . This country has the largest area of rainforest in the world. Last year, it suffered from a long period of dry weather. Wildfires broke out and spread. As a result, about 25,000 square kilometers of the primary rainforest disappeared in the country. This meant fires caused 66% of its forest loss. The second biggest cause of the world’s forest loss was clearing land for farming. As people need more farmland, they keep cutting down forests every year. In 2024, the area of forest cleared for farming increased by 14% worldwide. The situation was more severe in developing countries. For example, Bolivia’s forest loss doubled in 2024. Without doubt, something must be done. Experts call on governments, businesses and people to work together before it is too late. It seems that China has set a good example. Thanks to cooperation at many levels, China had the biggest increase in forest area among all countries in 2024. That year alone, newly-planted trees in China covered an area of nearly 45,000 square kilometers, according to a news report. If more countries start to take action like China, the earth will become a greener planet. 1．The size of Italy is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show _______. A．why we need forests. B．where a disaster spread. C．what climate change is. D．how terrible forest loss was. 2．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2? A．Farming is a reason. B．Take Brazil for example. C．Wildfires were stopped. D．Read the report carefully. 3．What does the underlined word “severe” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Serious. B．Boring. C．Balanced. D．Positive. 4．What was the reason for the growth of China’s forest area in 2024? A．Enough land. B．Nice weather. C．Good teamwork. D．Green technology. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Rainforest Became Larger B．Farmland Area Grew Rapidly C．Forest Fires Caused Pollution D．Forest Loss Worried the World 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要讨论了全球森林面积锐减的严峻现状，并分析了森林消失的主要原因。 1．推理判断题。根据“That’s an area about the size of Italy”可知，通过将森林消失面积与意大利国土面积对比，强调森林损失的严重程度。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“This country has the largest area of rainforest in the world”可知，空白处需引出具体国家案例来支撑前文“火灾是森林消失主因”的论点。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Bolivia’s forest loss doubled in 2024”可知，发展中国家森林消失问题更“严重”，与“severe”同义的选项为Serious。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Thanks to cooperation at many levels, China had the biggest increase in forest area”可知，中国森林面积增长的原因是多方协作。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。文章围绕全球森林消失的危机展开，通过数据和案例分析问题，并呼吁行动。D选项“森林减少令世界担忧”最贴合主旨。故选D。 （2024·广东广州·中考真题）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the same, or even better condition. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started today! 1．What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2? A．Break down useless things. B．Collect used things. C．Create things out of old ones. D．Come up with good ideas. 2．How is upcycling different from recycling? A．It’s a completely new idea. B．It needs more energy. C．It requires more time and work. D．It’s a greener way of life. 3．Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5? A．To list the steps of doing upcycling. B．To give a good example of upcycling. C．To express a different idea of upcycling. D．To provide basic knowledge of upcycling. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to do upcycling. B．To introduce the history of upcycling. C．To compare upcycling with recycling. D．To explain the importance of recycling 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了升级回收 （upcycling）的概念、与普通回收（recycling）的区别、其环保优势以及通过 Grace 的故事展示了 “升级回收 ” 的实际应用，旨在鼓励人们进行“升级回收 ”。 1． 词义猜测题。根据“ For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt”可知，refashion的意思是“用旧的东西创造新的东西”，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling”可知，“升级回收”是一种更环保的生活方式，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and tums them into dresses, shoes and even hats”可知，作者通过Grace的故事来举一个“升级回收 ”的好例子，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Get started today!”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励人们进行“升级回收 ”，故选A。 （2023广东，B） Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert（沙漠）, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It's like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest. Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field（磁场）, while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. 1．Where is this passage most probably from? A. A storybook. B. An art magazine. C. A guidebook. D. A science magazine. 2．How can a certain kind of ant find their way? A. By imagining the way. B. By counting their steps. C. By bringing food together. D. By walking through a forest. 3．What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Secret. B. Choice. C. Reason. D. Feeling. 4．What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph? A. To help animals. B. To travel at night. C. To keep city lights on. D. To develop unusual abilities. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Birds' Sense of Light B. Fish's Sense of Smell C. Animals' Sense of Direction D. Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field 本文是一篇科学研究报告，研究发现一些动物天生具有某些不同寻常的方向感，但人类的活动对它们这种能力造成了影响。 [答案]1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C [解析] 1．文章出处题。通读全文，由本文的中心句，即第一段最后一句“Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.”可知，本文是一篇有关动物的方向感的科学研究报告，因此文章最有可能出现在科学杂志上，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知，这种蚂蚁可以计算自己的步数以避免迷路，故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据后一句“Scientists have no good answers yet.”可知，科学家还没有好的答案，说明这仍然是个谜，secret意为“奥秘”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.”可知，作者认为人类小小的行动可能对许多动物影响很大，所以建议人们行动起来帮助动物，故选A。 5．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是本文的中心句“Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.”可知，文章通过举例，说明了动物有非同寻常的方向感，C选项Animals' Sense of Direction符合主旨，故选C。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $