课时作业04 Unit 1 Extended reading & Project & Assessment（译林版2020高一必修三）2025-2026学年度课堂复习帮

课时作业04 Extended reading & Project & Assessment (Unit 1 Nature in the balance) 01 基础练 02 提升练 03 培优练 单词拼写 1. Many local r________ attended the meeting to voice their concerns about the project. 【答案】residents 2. The government agreed to establish a 15-member c________ to examine the proposals. 【答案】committee 3. The subway signs in different cities use v________ English expressions. 【答案】various 4. I’m afraid getting fit again will be a long slow p________ (a series of natural developments or events that produce gradual change). 【答案】process 5. The country has strengthened its national d________ to protect its borders. 【答案】defence 6. The government has taken measures to promote ________(经济的) development in rural areas. 【答案】economic 7. The new ________(官方的) law was put into effect on the first day of this month. 【答案】official 8. I lived in my ________(以前的) house which was packed with countless memories for ten years before moving to this new one. 【答案】former 9. The decision of pulling down the temple led to an immediate ________(抗议). 【答案】protest 10. To reduce carbon emissions, the government has adopted a long-term ________(策略) combining renewable energy promotion and industrial upgrading. 【答案】strategy 短语互译 1. ________________摆脱,丢弃,扔掉  2. ________________往往,趋向  3. ________________使发生(或存在)  4. ________________搜索,寻找  5. draw one’s attention ________________ 6. connect...with... ________________ 7. be eager to do sth. ________________ 8. point out ________________ 【答案】 1. get rid of 2. tend to 3. give rise to 4. search for 5. 吸引某人的注意力 6. 把……和……联系 7. 渴望做某事 8. 指出 完成句子 1. 虽然我们在高中很忙，但我们仍然抽出时间参加各种各样的活动。(让步状语从句；various) ________________________________ at senior high, we still spare time to ________________________. 【答案】Although/Though we are very busy; take part in various activities 2. 最吸引我的是图书馆，在那里我可以获得各种资源。(where引导定语从句) What attracts me most is the library, ________________________________. 【答案】where I can get access to various resources 3. 通过远离各种社交媒体应用程序，我们不仅可以专注于学习，还可以更多地与现实中的人交流。(by doing 句式) ________________________________, we can not only concentrate on studies, but also communicate more with people in reality. 【答案】By staying away from the various social media apps 4. 所以我认为是时候改掉这个坏习惯了。读一些有意义的书和做一些体育锻炼对你来说是个好主意。(it is high time that句式) So I think ________________________________. It is a good idea for you to read some meaningful books and do some physical exercise. 【答案】it is high time that you got rid of the bad habit 5. 如今，对我们来说在网上购买各种各样的必需品是方便的。 Nowadays, it is ________ for us to buy ________ necessities online. 【答案】convenient; various 6. 他上课专心听讲, 眼睛紧盯着黑板。 (with的复合结构作伴随状语) He was listening attentively in class, ________________________________. 【答案】with his eyes fixed on the blackboard 7. 即使这意味着走出我的舒适区，我也感到了乐趣。(even if) I can have fun —________________________________ stepping out of my comfort zone. 【答案】even if it means 8. 读书时，我经常会在有问题的地方做记号。(省略句型) ________________, I often make a mark where I have any questions. 【答案】While reading 单句语法填空 1. Using some proper learning ________(strategy) can save you a lot of time to remember the key points. 【答案】strategies 【详解】考查名词。句意：使用一些合适的学习策略可以节省你记住关键点的大量时间。根据空前some可知，空处需用名词strategy的复数形式strategies，作宾语。故填strategies。 2. The country is facing serious ________(economy) challenges this year. 【答案】economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该国今年正面临严峻的经济挑战。修饰名词challenges，作定语，用形容词economic。故填economic。 3. Based on the facts, the government will make an ________(office) announcement (公告) . 【答案】official 【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据这些事实，政府将会发布一份正式声明。分析句子可知，空格前是an，后面是名词 announcement，需要填形容词修饰名词。office (n. 办公室) 其形容词为 official (adj. 官方的，正式的)，make an official announcement，意为“发布官方公告”为固定搭配。故填official。 4. We should show respect to the soldiers who died in ________(defend) of our country. 【答案】defence/defense 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应当对那些为保卫我们的国家而牺牲的士兵表示敬意。空处作in的宾语，且空后有介词of和名词短语our country，因此用名词defence或defense“防御，保护”，短语in defence/defense of意为“为保护”。故填defence/defense。 5. The new park, where there are ________(vary) kinds of flowers, offers a variety of things to play with. 【答案】various 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座新公园里有各种各样的花，提供了各式各样的游玩项目。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词kinds，要用形容词作定语；vary的形容词是various，表示“各种各样的”，符合语境。故填various。 6. I told Gunter where I was going, but he looked _______(entire) confused, not knowing what I meant. 【答案】entirely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我告诉了冈特我要去哪里，但他看起来完全困惑，不知道我是什么意思。空格处需要修饰形容词 confused(困惑的)，根据语法要求，形容词需由副词来修饰。entire是形容词，意为“完全的”，其对应的副词形式是entirely，表示“完全地；彻底地”。故填entirely。 7. It is for this reason that Spanish is the ________(office) language of Peru. 【答案】official 【详解】考查形容词。句意：正是因为这个原因，西班牙语成为了秘鲁的官方语言。空处修饰名词language，提示词的形容词形式official“官方的”符合题意，official language“官方语言”。故填official。 8. The only one of my teammates who ________(profit) from our extra training sessions so far is Zhang Wei; his skills have improved noticeably. 【答案】has profited 【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我队友中唯一从我们的额外训练课程中受益的人是张伟；他的技巧已经有了明显提高。此处是主句的谓语，由so far可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在已经受益，主语who代指先行词The only one of my teammates，为单数，助动词应用has，故填has profited。 9. In an ideal world we would be ________(recycle) and reusing everything. 【答案】recycling 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在理想世界里，我们会回收并重复利用所有东西。此句使用“would be + 现在分词”构成过去将来进行时，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。recycle与reusing并列，所以要用现在分词形式recycling，在句中与reusing共同构成谓语部分。故填recycling。 10. Many countries have not got rid of ________(poor) in the world.) 【答案】poverty 【详解】考查名词。句意：世界上许多国家还没有摆脱贫困。所给词poor是形容词，意为“贫穷的”；空格前的got rid of(摆脱)是及物动词短语，后接名词作宾语，因此需将形容词poor转化为名词poverty(贫穷)；poverty为不可数名词。故填poverty。 句型转换 1. Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities. (句式升级) →________________________________________________________________.(升级加黑词；定语从句) 【答案】Our school has built a new stadium, which has various well-equipped facilities./Our school has built a new stadium, which has varieties of well-equipped facilities./Our school has built a new stadium, which has a variety of well-equipped facilities. 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：我们学校建了一个新体育馆。它有各种设备齐全的设施。It指代的是前面的stadium，改为定语从句时，用which引导非限制性定语从句，all kinds of意为“各种各样的”，可换为various/varieties of/a variety of，因此句子改写为Our school has built a new stadium, which has various/varieties of/a variety of well-equipped facilities。故答案为Our school has built a new stadium, which has various/varieties of/a variety of well-equipped facilities. 2. Nowadays, homeschooling has become popular in many countries for a variety of reasons. →Nowadays, there are ________ reasons ________ homeschooling has become popular in many countries. 【答案】various；why 【详解】考查形容词和定语从句。句意：如今，由于各种原因，在家教育在许多国家都很受欢迎。分析两个句子可知，空一对应a variety of“各种各样的”，修饰名词用形容词various“各种各样的”替代，“homeschooling has become popular in many countries.”作定语，修饰reasons，从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why，故填various；why。 3. Visit our website for more information. (同义句转换) Visit our website ________ ________ ________. 【答案】for further information 【详解】考查短语。句意：更多信息请访问我们的网站。further更多的，与more含义一致。故填for further information。 4. You must not be late and you must not be absent. (改写省略句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You must not be late or absent. 【详解】考查省略句。句意：你不能迟到，也不能缺席。分析句子可知，两个并列的简单句中主语一致，谓语部分为情态动词＋be动词结构，因此可以省略一个主语及谓语，同时使用连词or运用在含有否定意味的选择中。故填You must not be late or absent.。 5. I have lazy students and hard-working students in my class. (改写省略句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I have lazy and hard-working students in my class. 【详解】考查省略句。句意：我班上有懒惰的学生，也有勤奋的学生。本句为简单句的省略，句子中有两个students重复，可省略第一个students。故填：I have lazy and hardworking students in my class. 课文语法填空 James Smith is a local resident. 1.________ he first moved there, the air was fresh. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became 2.________(entire) different. Now, he doesn’t enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has 3.________(colour) the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given him a cough 4.________ he can’t get rid of. He thinks all of persons must protest against heavy industry.   Vincent Brown is a senior manager of a local factory. He points out that people tend 5.________(connect) factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge 6.________(profit). They also try to control the amount of pollution they produce and are deeply concerned about the environment. They’ve been taking various measures, even though these measures raise their production costs. What’s more, they have brought the 7.________(economy) benefits to Norgate and created many jobs for local residents.  Julie Archer is head of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. She thinks the committee has a major role 8.________(play) in maintaining air and water quality. They have to achieve a balance 9.________ environmental protection and economic development. They’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe. They also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies 10._______(follow) in an environmentally friendly way.   【答案】 1. When 2. entirely 3. coloured 4. that/ which 5. to connect 6. profits 7. economic 8. to play 9. between 10. are followed 阅读理解 A Ocean microplastics(微塑料) have grown into one of the top environmental threats in the 21st century, with tiny plastic pieces spreading to every corner of the global ocean at an alarming rate. These microplastics, usually less than 5 millimeters in size, come from broken-down plastic products, microbeads in daily chemicals and unprocessed industrial plastic waste. They harm sea life in various ways: many marine animals mistake them for food and eat them, leading to digestive failure and even death, and they stick to sea creatures’ bodies, affecting their normal activities and reproduction. What’s worse, microplastics enter the marine food chain and accumulate in marine organisms, finally bringing serious potential health risks to humans who eat seafood. To solve this urgent problem, an international team of scientists spent five years researching and developing a new biodegradable(可降解的) material to replace traditional petroleum-based(石油基的) plastics. The material is made from natural plant waste like corn stalks, rice straw and wheat bran — low-cost and widely available agricultural by-products that make it easy to produce on a large scale. It looks and works just like common plastic, being light, tough and waterproof, and can be processed into various daily products. Its biggest advantage is that it can break down completely in seawater within six months under the action of marine microorganisms, turning into harmless organic substances, unlike traditional plastic that stays in the ocean for hundreds of years and causes lasting pollution. Laboratory tests in different marine environments and large-scale sea trials in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have achieved great success. The tests prove the material is safe for all sea creatures, from tiny plankton to large marine mammals, and it does not change seawater’s natural chemical conditions like pH value and salinity. Thanks to its excellent performance and environmental friendliness, many world-famous companies in food, packaging and daily necessities industries have begun to use it for food packages, shopping bags and disposable tableware. Experts believe this material is a crucial turning point in ocean protection; with wider use, it will greatly cut plastic waste entering the ocean and help build a cleaner, healthier ocean ecosystem for humans and marine wildlife. 1. Why are ocean microplastics harmful? A. They raise the temperature of seawater. B. They destroy global food production. C. They threaten sea life and human health. D. They reduce the number of sea plants. 2. What can we infer about the new material? A. It is hard to produce in large amounts. B. It has practical use in daily life. C. It has replaced all traditional plastics. D. It can break down in any polluted water. 3. What is experts’ attitude to the new material? A. Doubtful and careful. B. Hopeful and positive. C. Worried and uncertain. D. Uninterested and calm. 4. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To show the writing background. B. To introduce the main character. C. To describe a serious problem. D. To give some useful suggestions. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍海洋微塑料对海洋生物和人类健康构成威胁，以及一种可降解新材料有望解决此问题。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They harm sea life in various ways: many marine animals mistake them for food and eat them, leading to digestive failure and even death, and they stick to sea creatures’ bodies, affecting their normal activities and reproduction. What’s worse, microplastics enter the marine food chain and accumulate in marine organisms, finally bringing serious potential health risks to humans who eat seafood. (它们以各种方式伤害海洋生物：许多海洋动物把它们误认为食物并吃掉，导致消化功能衰竭甚至死亡，而且它们附着在海洋生物的身体上，影响它们的正常活动和繁殖。更糟糕的是，微塑料进入海洋食物链并在海洋生物体内积累，最终给食用海鲜的人类带来严重的潜在健康风险。)”可知，海洋微塑料威胁海洋生物和人类健康，故选C项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It looks and works just like common plastic, being light, tough and waterproof, and can be processed into various daily products. (它看起来和普通塑料一样，重量轻、坚韧且防水，可以加工成各种日常用品。)”可知，这种新材料在日常生活中有实际用途，故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Experts believe this material is a crucial turning point in ocean protection; with wider use, it will greatly cut plastic waste entering the ocean and help build a cleaner, healthier ocean ecosystem for humans and marine wildlife. (专家认为这种材料是海洋保护的一个关键转折点；随着更广泛的使用，它将大大减少进入海洋的塑料垃圾，并有助于为人类和海洋野生动物建立一个更清洁、更健康的海洋生态系统。)”可知，专家对这种新材料持充满希望和积极的态度，故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ocean microplastics (微塑料) have grown into one of the top environmental threats in the 21st century, with tiny plastic pieces spreading to every corner of the global ocean at an alarming rate. (海洋微塑料已成为21世纪最主要的环境威胁之一，微小的塑料碎片正以惊人的速度扩散到全球海洋的每个角落。)”可知，第一段的作用是描述一个严重的问题，故选C项。 B A team of scientists from the University of Plymouth in the UK placed radishes (a type of vegetable) into a water-based system containing nanoplastic particles(纳米塑料微粒). After five days, almost 5% of the nanoplastics had made their way into the radish roots. A quarter of those were in the safe-to-eat, fleshy roots, while a tenth had traveled up to the higher leafy shoots, despite built-in features within the plants that typically screen harmful material from the soil. Plants have a layer within their roots called the Casparian strip(凯氏带), which should act as a form of filter(过滤) against particles, many of which can be harmful. This is the first time that a study has demonstrated nanoplastic particles could get beyond that protective barrier, with the potential for them to build up within plants and be passed on to anything that consumes them. The findings suggest even fresh, healthy food products can contain millions of tiny plastic pieces per bite, many as small as a millionth of a centimeter. There are some limitations to the study, as it didn’t use a real-world farming setup. The amount of plastics in the liquid is higher than that in soil, and only one type of plastic and one kind of vegetable were tested. Nevertheless, the basic principle stands: The smallest plastic nanoparticles can apparently pass through protective barriers in plants, and from there into the food we eat. Given the rapid spread of plastic pollution, this could be happening globally on the largest possible scale. There is no reason to believe this is unique to this vegetable, with the clear possibility that nanoplastics are being absorbed into various types of produce being grown all over the world. “This study provides clear evidence that particles in the environment can build up not only in seafood but also in vegetables,” says marine biologist Richard Thompson. “Moreover, this work contributes to our understanding of build-up and the potentially harmful effects of microparticles and nanoparticles on human health.” 5. What is the function of the Casparian strip? A. It stores water for plants during dry periods. B. It serves as a barrier against harmful particles. C. It produces chemicals to fight against diseases. D. It helps plants absorb nutrients more efficiently. 6. What limitation of the study is mentioned in the text? A. The researchers used unrealistic plastic amount. B. The scientists tested too many types of vegetables. C. The plastic particles were too small to detect easily. D. The experiment lasted for an insufficient time period. 7. What is Richard Thompson’s attitude towards the research? A. Dismissive. B. Tolerant. C. Critical. D. Favorable. 8. Which would be the most suitable title for the text? A. The Severity of Food Safety Issues B. A Breakthrough in Agricultural Technology C. How Plastic Particles Enter Our Food Chain D. What the Most Plastic-Resistant Vegetable Is 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国普利茅斯大学的一项研究，发现纳米塑料微粒能够突破植物根部的凯氏带屏障进入食用部分，并通过食物链传递，进而探讨了其对全球食品安全和人类健康的潜在影响。 5. 细节理解题。根据第2段中“Plants have a layer within their roots called the Casparian strip, which should act as a form of filter against particles, many of which can be harmful.(植物的根部有一层名为凯氏带的结构，它本应充当抵御微粒的过滤器，其中许多微粒都具有危害性。)”可知，凯氏带的作用是作为抵御有害微粒的屏障。故选B。 6. 细节理解题。根据第3段中“There are some limitations to the study, as it didn’t use a real-world farming setup. The amount of plastics in the liquid is higher than that in soil(这项研究存在一些局限性，因为它并未采用现实中的农业种植环境，实验液体中的塑料含量高于土壤中的含量)”可知，该研究的局限性之一是研究人员使用了不切实际的塑料含量。故选A。 7. 推理判断题。根据第5段中“‘This study provides clear evidence that particles in the environment can build up not only in seafood but also in vegetables,’ says marine biologist Richard Thompson. ‘Moreover, this work contributes to our understanding of build-up and the potentially harmful effects of microparticles and nanoparticles on human health.’(海洋生物学家理查德·汤普森说：‘这项研究提供了明确的证据，证明环境中的微粒不仅会在海产品中累积，也会在蔬菜中累积。此外，这项研究有助于我们了解微塑料和纳米塑料的累积情况，以及它们对人类健康可能产生的有害影响。’)”可知，理查德·汤普森对这项研究持认可、支持的态度。故选D。 8. 主旨大意题。根据第1段中“After five days, almost 5% of the nanoplastics had made their way into the radish roots. A quarter of those were in the safe-to-eat, fleshy roots, while a tenth had traveled up to the higher leafy shoots(五天后，近5%的纳米塑料进入了萝卜根。其中四分之一是在可以安全食用的肉质根部，而十分之一是在更高的叶芽上)”实验发现纳米塑料微粒进入萝卜根部、可食用部分和茎叶，第4段中“the smallest plastic nanoparticles can apparently pass through protective barriers in plants, and from there into the food we eat(最小的塑料纳米微粒显然能穿过植物的保护屏障，并由此进入我们所食用的食物)”以及全文围绕纳米塑料微粒如何进入植物、进而进入人类食物展开介绍可知，“塑料微粒如何进入我们的食物链”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 七选五 Urban Green Spaces: Cooling Our Cities Naturally As cities worldwide continue to expand, natural landscapes are rapidly disappearing beneath concrete and steel. 1 . This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, raises city temperatures by several degrees compared to surrounding rural areas, making summers hotter and increasing the need for air conditioning. 2 . These are areas within cities specifically designed to include vegetation and natural elements — parks, rooftop gardens, tree-lined streets, and even small community plots. Beyond their aesthetic value, these green spaces play a key role in fighting the urban heat island effect by absorbing heat, filtering air pollutants, and providing much-needed shade. The benefits of urban green spaces extend far beyond temperature control. 3 . Research has shown that spending time in natural settings reduces stress hormones in adults and improves mood. For children, regular interaction with greenery enhances attention spans and boosts creative problem-solving skills. Despite these clear advantages, many cities face a major challenge: limited land for green development. 4 . Community gardens turn abandoned lots into productive green areas, while vertical green walls allow buildings to be covered with plants without taking up extra ground space. These innovative approaches prove that nature can coexist with urbanization. 5 . By integrating nature into our cities, we create healthier, more livable environments for both present and future generations. Investing in urban greening is not a waste of resources but a smart choice that brings long-term benefits to public health, community bonds, and environmental sustainability. A. Urban planners have come up with creative solutions to this problem. B. Psychological benefits are especially valuable in fast-paced, high-stress urban life. C. Mental and physical health benefits are among the most significant ones. D. This not only makes cities uncomfortably hot but also increases energy consumption. E. The key is to recognize green spaces as essential urban infrastructure, not luxury extras. F. Fortunately, a growing trend is bringing nature back to cities through urban green spaces. G. Keeping urban green spaces in good condition requires large sums of money and constant effort. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. C 4. A 5. E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文指出城市扩张引发热岛效应及能耗问题，强调城市绿地能调节气温、改善健康。虽面临土地局限，但创新方案可解决。呼吁将其视为必要基础设施，以建设宜居城市。 1. 根据上文“As cities worldwide continue to expand, natural landscapes are rapidly disappearing beneath concrete and steel.(随着世界各地的城市不断扩张，自然景观正迅速被混凝土和钢铁所取代而逐渐消失)”以及后文“This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, raises city temperatures by several degrees compared to surrounding rural areas, making summers hotter and increasing the need for air conditioning.(这种现象被称为“城市热岛效应”，它会使城市气温比周边的农村地区高出好几度，从而使夏季更加炎热，并增加了对空调的需求)”可知，上一句提到“城市热岛效应”使城市气温比周边农村高出几度。下一句紧接着提到“这使得夏天更热，并增加了对空调的需求”。选项D(这不仅让城市变得令人不适地炎热，还增加了能源消耗)起到了承上启下的作用。故选D。 2. 根据上文“This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, raises city temperatures by several degrees compared to surrounding rural areas, making summers hotter and increasing the need for air conditioning.(这种现象被称为“城市热岛效应”，它会使城市气温比周边的农村地区高出好几度，从而使夏季更加炎热，并增加了对空调的需求)”以及后文“These are areas within cities specifically designed to include vegetation and natural elements — parks, rooftop gardens, tree-lined streets, and even small community plots. Beyond their aesthetic value, these green spaces play a key role in fighting the urban heat island effect by absorbing heat, filtering air pollutants, and providing much-needed shade.(这些是城市中专门规划的、包含植被和自然元素的区域——公园、屋顶花园、绿树成荫的街道，甚至还有小型社区绿地。除了具有美学价值之外，这些绿色空间在对抗城市热岛效应方面也发挥着关键作用，它们能够吸收热量、过滤空气污染物，并提供急需的遮荫)”可知，上文讲了问题(热岛效应、高温)。下一句开头是“These are areas...”(这些区域……)，并开始介绍公园、屋顶花园等具体的绿地形式。选项F(幸运的是，一种日益增长的趋势正通过城市绿地将自然带回城市)起到了转折和引出主题的作用。故选F。 3. 根据后文“Research has shown that spending time in natural settings reduces stress hormones in adults and improves mood. For children, regular interaction with greenery enhances attention spans and boosts creative problem-solving skills.(研究表明，身处自然环境中能够降低成年人体内的压力荷尔蒙水平，并改善其情绪状态。对于儿童而言，经常与绿色植物接触能够增强其注意力持续时间，并提升其创造性解决问题的能力)”可知，下文提到 “减少压力荷尔蒙”、“改善情绪”(心理健康)以及“增强注意力”(认知能力)，主要是对身体健康的好处。选项C(身心健康益处是其中最重要的方面之一)符合语境。故选C。 4. 根据上文“Despite these clear advantages, many cities face a major challenge: limited land for green development.(尽管这些优势十分明显，但许多城市仍面临着一个重大难题：可供绿色发展的土地资源有限)”以及后文“Community gardens turn abandoned lots into productive green areas, while vertical green walls allow buildings to be covered with plants without taking up extra ground space. These innovative approaches prove that nature can coexist with urbanization.(社区花园将废弃的空地改造成具有生产力的绿色区域，而垂直绿墙则使建筑物能够被植物覆盖，同时又不占用额外的地面空间。这些创新的举措证明了自然与城市化可以和谐共存)”可知，上一句提出了挑战：“limited land”(土地有限)。下一句列举了具体的解决办法：“社区花园”、“垂直绿墙”。选项A(城市规划者想出了创造性的解决方案来应对这个问题)起到了过渡作用。故选A。 5. 根据后文“By integrating nature into our cities, we create healthier, more livable environments for both present and future generations. Investing in urban greening is not a waste of resources but a smart choice that brings long-term benefits to public health, community bonds, and environmental sustainability.(通过将自然融入我们的城市，我们为当前和未来的世代创造出了更健康、更宜居的环境。投资于城市绿化并非是对资源的浪费，而是一项明智的选择，它能为公众健康、社区凝聚力以及环境可持续性带来长期的益处)”可知，最后一段是总结。下一句提到 “投资城市绿化不是资源浪费，而是明智的选择”。选项E(关键是要将绿地视为必要的城市基础设施，而不是奢侈的附加品)是全文的总结升华。故选E。 完形填空 Deborah started each day by walking barefoot in her garden. It was her way to relax. As an investor(投资者), she 1 city life often kept people away from nature. So, when a businessman 2 a new app idea, she agreed to help. The app, called Wildling, had a clear 3 : to map the UK’s wild and green spaces. It 4 places from small city gardens to large coastlines, making them 5 to find. With more than 1,500 locations listed, it aimed to 6 the common excuse — not knowing where to go. Deborah became an important supporter. Big nature groups also 7 . They shared their knowledge and added their sites to the app. Wildling was more than a map; it 8 guides for outdoor activities to encourage families to play 9 . For Deborah, Wildling was a useful 10 . It helped her quickly find nature nearby. Others had similar 11 , like an office worker in London who found a peaceful riverside path very close to his workplace. However, the Wildling team wanted to do more than just 12 people to find nature. They hoped to encourage people to protect it. They added new 13 that let users donate to nature protection groups or find local volunteer work. Wildling’s story shows us that 14 is often nearer than we imagine. By guiding us to the wild places around us, it doesn’t just show us where to walk — it can change how we see the world. A simple walk can become a 15 to connect with and care for nature. 1. A. announced B. imagined C. wished D. noticed 2. A. put forward B. took away C. gave out D. made over 3. A. weakness B. goal C. challenge D. budget 4. A. attracted B. relieved C. included D. strengthened 5. A. regular B. easy C. sensible D. virtual 6. A. remove B. keep C. support D. explore 7. A. experimented B. subscribed C. joined D. delivered 8. A. limited B. rescued C. proved D. offered 9. A. outside B. rough C. constantly D. apart 10. A. angle B. tool C. behaviour D. engagement 11. A. invitations B. principles C. ambitions D. experiences 12. A. help B. ask C. force D. train 13. A. visions B. demands C. features D. distractions 14. A. production B. recognition C. relation D. nature 15. A. freedom B. way C. plan D. decision 【答案】 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Deborah支持一款名为Wildling的应用程序，该应用旨在帮助人们发现英国的自然绿地，不仅方便人们亲近自然，还鼓励大家参与自然保护。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名投资者，她注意到城市生活常常让人们远离自然。A. announced宣布；B. imagined想象；C. wished希望；D. noticed注意到。根据前文“Deborah started each day by walking barefoot in her garden”及后文“city life often kept people away from nature”可知，Deborah 每天赤脚在花园散步放松，她观察到城市生活与自然的脱节。故选D。 2. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以，当一位商人提出一个新的应用程序想法时，她同意提供帮助。A. put forward提出；B. took away拿走；C. gave out分发；D. made over转让。根据后文“a new app idea”可知，商人是“提出” 一个创意。故选A。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这款名为Wildling的应用程序有一个明确的目标：绘制英国野生绿地的地图。A. weakness弱点；B. goal目标；C. challenge挑战；D. budget预算。根据后文“to map the UK’s wild and green spaces”可知，绘制英国野生绿地的地图是对该应用程序目的的解释。故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它包含了从小城市花园到大型海岸线的各种地方，让它们更容易被找到。A. attracted吸引；B. relieved缓解；C. included包含；D. strengthened加强。根据后文“from small city gardens to large coastlines”可知，“from...to...”列举范围，应用程序是“收录、包含”这些地点。故选C。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它包含了从小城市花园到大型海岸线的各种地方，让它们容易被找到。A. regular有规律的；B. easy容易的；C. sensible明智的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据前文“to map the UK’s wild and green spaces”可知，绘制地图的目的是让人们“容易” 找到自然地点。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它列出了超过1500个地点，旨在消除“不知道去哪里”这个常见借口。A. remove消除；B. keep保持；C. support支持；D. explore探索。根据前文“With more than 1,500 locations listed”可知，应用程序提供地点信息，就是为了让人们不再有“不知道去哪”的借口。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大型自然组织也加入了。A. experimented实验；B. subscribed订阅；C. joined加入；D. delivered递送。根据后文“They shared their knowledge and added their sites to the app”可知，这些组织是“加入”进来支持该应用。故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Wildling不仅仅是一张地图；它还提供户外活动指南，鼓励家庭在户外玩耍。A. limited限制；B. rescued营救；C. proved证明；D. offered提供。根据后文“guides for outdoor activities”可知，应用程序“提供”额外的功能和内容。故选D。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Wildling不仅仅是一张地图；它还提供户外活动指南，鼓励家庭在户外玩耍。A. outside在户外；B. rough粗糙地；C. constantly不断地；D. apart分开。根据前文“outdoor activities”可知，户外活动是在“户外”进行。故选A。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对Deborah来说，Wildling 是一个有用的工具。A. angle角度；B. tool工具；C. behaviour行为；D. engagement参与。根据前文“The app, called Wildling”可知，该应用程序是帮助人们找到自然的“工具”。故选B。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人也有类似的经历，比如伦敦的一名上班族在离他工作地点很近的地方发现了一条宁静的河边小径。A. invitations邀请；B. principles原则；C. ambitions野心；D. experiences经历。根据前文“It helped her quickly find nature nearby”及后文“an office worker in London who found a peaceful riverside path very close to his workplace”可知，后文列举了一个用户的真实“经历”。故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Wildling 团队想做的不仅仅是帮助人们找到自然。A. help帮助；B. ask询问；C. force强迫；D. train训练。根据前文“It helped her quickly find nature nearby”可知，该应用程序的基本功能是“帮助”人们找到自然。故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们添加了新的功能，让用户可以向自然保护组织捐款或找到当地的志愿工作。A. visions愿景；B. demands需求；C. features功能；D. distractions干扰。根据后文“let users donate to nature protection groups or find local volunteer work”可知，这些是应用程序新增的“功能”。故选C。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Wildling的故事告诉我们，自然往往比我们想象的更近。A. production生产；B. recognition认可；C. relation关系；D. nature自然。根据前文“It helped her quickly find nature nearby”及后文“ to connect with and care for nature”可知，“自然”往往比我们想象的更近 。故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一次简单的散步可以成为一种方式，去亲近和关爱自然。A. freedom自由；B. way方式；C. plan计划；D. decision决定。根据前文“A simple walk”及后文“to connect with and care for nature”可知，散步是亲近自然的一种“方式”。故选B。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 课时作业04 Extended reading & Project & Assessment (Unit 1 Nature in the balance) 01 基础练 02 提升练 03 培优练 单词拼写 1. Many local r________ attended the meeting to voice their concerns about the project. 2. The government agreed to establish a 15-member c________ to examine the proposals. 3. The subway signs in different cities use v________ English expressions. 4. I’m afraid getting fit again will be a long slow p________ (a series of natural developments or events that produce gradual change). 5. The country has strengthened its national d________ to protect its borders. 6. The government has taken measures to promote ________(经济的) development in rural areas. 7. The new ________(官方的) law was put into effect on the first day of this month. 8. I lived in my ________(以前的) house which was packed with countless memories for ten years before moving to this new one. 9. The decision of pulling down the temple led to an immediate ________(抗议). 10. To reduce carbon emissions, the government has adopted a long-term ________(策略) combining renewable energy promotion and industrial upgrading. 短语互译 1. ________________摆脱,丢弃,扔掉  2. ________________往往,趋向  3. ________________使发生(或存在)  4. ________________搜索,寻找  5. draw one’s attention ________________ 6. connect...with... ________________ 7. be eager to do sth. ________________ 8. point out ________________ 完成句子 1. 虽然我们在高中很忙，但我们仍然抽出时间参加各种各样的活动。(让步状语从句；various) ________________________________ at senior high, we still spare time to ________________________. 2. 最吸引我的是图书馆，在那里我可以获得各种资源。(where引导定语从句) What attracts me most is the library, ________________________________. 3. 通过远离各种社交媒体应用程序，我们不仅可以专注于学习，还可以更多地与现实中的人交流。(by doing 句式) ________________________________, we can not only concentrate on studies, but also communicate more with people in reality. 4. 所以我认为是时候改掉这个坏习惯了。读一些有意义的书和做一些体育锻炼对你来说是个好主意。(it is high time that句式) So I think ________________________________. It is a good idea for you to read some meaningful books and do some physical exercise. 5. 如今，对我们来说在网上购买各种各样的必需品是方便的。 Nowadays, it is ________ for us to buy ________ necessities online. 6. 他上课专心听讲, 眼睛紧盯着黑板。 (with的复合结构作伴随状语) He was listening attentively in class, ________________________________. 7. 即使这意味着走出我的舒适区，我也感到了乐趣。(even if) I can have fun —________________________________ stepping out of my comfort zone. 8. 读书时，我经常会在有问题的地方做记号。(省略句型) ________________, I often make a mark where I have any questions. 单句语法填空 1. Using some proper learning ________(strategy) can save you a lot of time to remember the key points. 2. The country is facing serious ________(economy) challenges this year. 3. Based on the facts, the government will make an ________(office) announcement (公告) . 4. We should show respect to the soldiers who died in ________(defend) of our country. 5. The new park, where there are ________(vary) kinds of flowers, offers a variety of things to play with. 6. I told Gunter where I was going, but he looked _______(entire) confused, not knowing what I meant. 7. It is for this reason that Spanish is the ________(office) language of Peru. 8. The only one of my teammates who ________(profit) from our extra training sessions so far is Zhang Wei; his skills have improved noticeably. 9. In an ideal world we would be ________(recycle) and reusing everything. 10. Many countries have not got rid of ________(poor) in the world.) 句型转换 1. Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities. (句式升级) →________________________________________________________________.(升级加黑词；定语从句) 2. Nowadays, homeschooling has become popular in many countries for a variety of reasons. →Nowadays, there are ________ reasons ________ homeschooling has become popular in many countries. 3. Visit our website for more information. (同义句转换) Visit our website ________ ________ ________. 4. You must not be late and you must not be absent. (改写省略句) ________________________________________________________________ 5. I have lazy students and hard-working students in my class. (改写省略句) ________________________________________________________________ 课文语法填空 James Smith is a local resident. 1.________ he first moved there, the air was fresh. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became 2.________(entire) different. Now, he doesn’t enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has 3.________(colour) the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given him a cough 4.________ he can’t get rid of. He thinks all of persons must protest against heavy industry.   Vincent Brown is a senior manager of a local factory. He points out that people tend 5.________(connect) factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge 6.________(profit). They also try to control the amount of pollution they produce and are deeply concerned about the environment. They’ve been taking various measures, even though these measures raise their production costs. What’s more, they have brought the 7.________(economy) benefits to Norgate and created many jobs for local residents.  Julie Archer is head of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. She thinks the committee has a major role 8.________(play) in maintaining air and water quality. They have to achieve a balance 9.________ environmental protection and economic development. They’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe. They also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies 10._______(follow) in an environmentally friendly way.   阅读理解 A Ocean microplastics(微塑料) have grown into one of the top environmental threats in the 21st century, with tiny plastic pieces spreading to every corner of the global ocean at an alarming rate. These microplastics, usually less than 5 millimeters in size, come from broken-down plastic products, microbeads in daily chemicals and unprocessed industrial plastic waste. They harm sea life in various ways: many marine animals mistake them for food and eat them, leading to digestive failure and even death, and they stick to sea creatures’ bodies, affecting their normal activities and reproduction. What’s worse, microplastics enter the marine food chain and accumulate in marine organisms, finally bringing serious potential health risks to humans who eat seafood. To solve this urgent problem, an international team of scientists spent five years researching and developing a new biodegradable(可降解的) material to replace traditional petroleum-based(石油基的) plastics. The material is made from natural plant waste like corn stalks, rice straw and wheat bran — low-cost and widely available agricultural by-products that make it easy to produce on a large scale. It looks and works just like common plastic, being light, tough and waterproof, and can be processed into various daily products. Its biggest advantage is that it can break down completely in seawater within six months under the action of marine microorganisms, turning into harmless organic substances, unlike traditional plastic that stays in the ocean for hundreds of years and causes lasting pollution. Laboratory tests in different marine environments and large-scale sea trials in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have achieved great success. The tests prove the material is safe for all sea creatures, from tiny plankton to large marine mammals, and it does not change seawater’s natural chemical conditions like pH value and salinity. Thanks to its excellent performance and environmental friendliness, many world-famous companies in food, packaging and daily necessities industries have begun to use it for food packages, shopping bags and disposable tableware. Experts believe this material is a crucial turning point in ocean protection; with wider use, it will greatly cut plastic waste entering the ocean and help build a cleaner, healthier ocean ecosystem for humans and marine wildlife. 1. Why are ocean microplastics harmful? A. They raise the temperature of seawater. B. They destroy global food production. C. They threaten sea life and human health. D. They reduce the number of sea plants. 2. What can we infer about the new material? A. It is hard to produce in large amounts. B. It has practical use in daily life. C. It has replaced all traditional plastics. D. It can break down in any polluted water. 3. What is experts’ attitude to the new material? A. Doubtful and careful. B. Hopeful and positive. C. Worried and uncertain. D. Uninterested and calm. 4. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To show the writing background. B. To introduce the main character. C. To describe a serious problem. D. To give some useful suggestions. B A team of scientists from the University of Plymouth in the UK placed radishes (a type of vegetable) into a water-based system containing nanoplastic particles(纳米塑料微粒). After five days, almost 5% of the nanoplastics had made their way into the radish roots. A quarter of those were in the safe-to-eat, fleshy roots, while a tenth had traveled up to the higher leafy shoots, despite built-in features within the plants that typically screen harmful material from the soil. Plants have a layer within their roots called the Casparian strip(凯氏带), which should act as a form of filter(过滤) against particles, many of which can be harmful. This is the first time that a study has demonstrated nanoplastic particles could get beyond that protective barrier, with the potential for them to build up within plants and be passed on to anything that consumes them. The findings suggest even fresh, healthy food products can contain millions of tiny plastic pieces per bite, many as small as a millionth of a centimeter. There are some limitations to the study, as it didn’t use a real-world farming setup. The amount of plastics in the liquid is higher than that in soil, and only one type of plastic and one kind of vegetable were tested. Nevertheless, the basic principle stands: The smallest plastic nanoparticles can apparently pass through protective barriers in plants, and from there into the food we eat. Given the rapid spread of plastic pollution, this could be happening globally on the largest possible scale. There is no reason to believe this is unique to this vegetable, with the clear possibility that nanoplastics are being absorbed into various types of produce being grown all over the world. “This study provides clear evidence that particles in the environment can build up not only in seafood but also in vegetables,” says marine biologist Richard Thompson. “Moreover, this work contributes to our understanding of build-up and the potentially harmful effects of microparticles and nanoparticles on human health.” 5. What is the function of the Casparian strip? A. It stores water for plants during dry periods. B. It serves as a barrier against harmful particles. C. It produces chemicals to fight against diseases. D. It helps plants absorb nutrients more efficiently. 6. What limitation of the study is mentioned in the text? A. The researchers used unrealistic plastic amount. B. The scientists tested too many types of vegetables. C. The plastic particles were too small to detect easily. D. The experiment lasted for an insufficient time period. 7. What is Richard Thompson’s attitude towards the research? A. Dismissive. B. Tolerant. C. Critical. D. Favorable. 8. Which would be the most suitable title for the text? A. The Severity of Food Safety Issues B. A Breakthrough in Agricultural Technology C. How Plastic Particles Enter Our Food Chain D. What the Most Plastic-Resistant Vegetable Is 七选五 Urban Green Spaces: Cooling Our Cities Naturally As cities worldwide continue to expand, natural landscapes are rapidly disappearing beneath concrete and steel. 1 . This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, raises city temperatures by several degrees compared to surrounding rural areas, making summers hotter and increasing the need for air conditioning. 2 . These are areas within cities specifically designed to include vegetation and natural elements — parks, rooftop gardens, tree-lined streets, and even small community plots. Beyond their aesthetic value, these green spaces play a key role in fighting the urban heat island effect by absorbing heat, filtering air pollutants, and providing much-needed shade. The benefits of urban green spaces extend far beyond temperature control. 3 . Research has shown that spending time in natural settings reduces stress hormones in adults and improves mood. For children, regular interaction with greenery enhances attention spans and boosts creative problem-solving skills. Despite these clear advantages, many cities face a major challenge: limited land for green development. 4 . Community gardens turn abandoned lots into productive green areas, while vertical green walls allow buildings to be covered with plants without taking up extra ground space. These innovative approaches prove that nature can coexist with urbanization. 5 . By integrating nature into our cities, we create healthier, more livable environments for both present and future generations. Investing in urban greening is not a waste of resources but a smart choice that brings long-term benefits to public health, community bonds, and environmental sustainability. A. Urban planners have come up with creative solutions to this problem. B. Psychological benefits are especially valuable in fast-paced, high-stress urban life. C. Mental and physical health benefits are among the most significant ones. D. This not only makes cities uncomfortably hot but also increases energy consumption. E. The key is to recognize green spaces as essential urban infrastructure, not luxury extras. F. Fortunately, a growing trend is bringing nature back to cities through urban green spaces. G. Keeping urban green spaces in good condition requires large sums of money and constant effort. 完形填空 Deborah started each day by walking barefoot in her garden. It was her way to relax. As an investor(投资者), she 1 city life often kept people away from nature. So, when a businessman 2 a new app idea, she agreed to help. The app, called Wildling, had a clear 3 : to map the UK’s wild and green spaces. It 4 places from small city gardens to large coastlines, making them 5 to find. With more than 1,500 locations listed, it aimed to 6 the common excuse — not knowing where to go. Deborah became an important supporter. Big nature groups also 7 . They shared their knowledge and added their sites to the app. Wildling was more than a map; it 8 guides for outdoor activities to encourage families to play 9 . For Deborah, Wildling was a useful 10 . It helped her quickly find nature nearby. Others had similar 11 , like an office worker in London who found a peaceful riverside path very close to his workplace. However, the Wildling team wanted to do more than just 12 people to find nature. They hoped to encourage people to protect it. They added new 13 that let users donate to nature protection groups or find local volunteer work. Wildling’s story shows us that 14 is often nearer than we imagine. By guiding us to the wild places around us, it doesn’t just show us where to walk — it can change how we see the world. A simple walk can become a 15 to connect with and care for nature. 1. A. announced B. imagined C. wished D. noticed 2. A. put forward B. took away C. gave out D. made over 3. A. weakness B. goal C. challenge D. budget 4. A. attracted B. relieved C. included D. strengthened 5. A. regular B. easy C. sensible D. virtual 6. A. remove B. keep C. support D. explore 7. A. experimented B. subscribed C. joined D. delivered 8. A. limited B. rescued C. proved D. offered 9. A. outside B. rough C. constantly D. apart 10. A. angle B. tool C. behaviour D. engagement 11. A. invitations B. principles C. ambitions D. experiences 12. A. help B. ask C. force D. train 13. A. visions B. demands C. features D. distractions 14. A. production B. recognition C. relation D. nature 15. A. freedom B. way C. plan D. decision ( 6 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $