Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar usage-Extended Reading 第二课时复习 导学案-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

必修三Unit1 Nature in the balance第二课时复习 +阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修三Unit1 Grammar usage---Extended Reading的重点词汇、短语、句型； 2、语法复习：省略的用法； 3、阅读组合训练，提升解题技巧； 【学习过程】 Part two 词汇　 1.length n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长→long adj.长的→lengthen v.(使)变长 2.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种→vary v.变化→various adj.多种多样的→variously adv.各种各样地 3.living adj.活着的;在使用的 n.生计,谋生；生活方式→live v.活着;adv.现场直播地→lively adj.活泼的(比较级:livelier或more lively)→alive adj.活着的;栩栩如生的 4.survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难→survival n.幸存→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者 5.disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝;消失;失踪→disappearance n.消失→appear vi.出现 6.agriculture n.农业,农学→agricultural adj.农业的 7.extinction n.灭绝,绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的,绝种的 8.global adj.全球的;全面的→globe n.球体→globally adv.全球地;全局地 9.application n.应用,运用;申请→apply v.申请;应用→applicant n.申请人 10.organization n.组织,团体;安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者→organized adj.有组织的,系统的;有条理的 11.absolutely adv.绝对地,完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的;完全的 12.entirely adv.完全地,全部地,完整地→entire adj.完全的 13.profit n.利润,收益;好处 vi.& vt.获益,得到好处→profitable adj.有利润的,盈利的 14.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防→defend vt.保护 15.economic adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的 → economical adj.经济实惠的;节约的→economically adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地→economy n.经济→economist n.经济学家 16.poison vt.污染;毒死,毒害 n.毒物,毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 17.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的;化学作用的→chemistry n.化学 18.consequence n.结果,后果;重要性→consequent adj.随之而来的→consequently adv.结果 19.recycle vt.回收利用，再利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的 →recycling n. 再循环 20.towering adj.高大的,高耸的;出色的→tower vi.高出许多;胜过,超过 n.塔；（发送信号等的）塔台 21.image n.形象;图像;意象→imagine vi.&v.想象;猜想→imagination n.想象想象力→imaginative adj.富于想象的:有想象力的 22.smog n.雾霾,烟雾→smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的 23.official adj.官方的,正式的,公务的 n.官员,要员→officially adv.官方地,正式地→office n.办公室;重要官职 语法：省略 常考点 1．定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，可省略关系代词。 All (that) he needed is a sum of money. 他所需要的只是一笔钱。 Here is the man (who/that/whom) you've been looking for. 这就是你一直寻找的男人。 2．状语从句中的省略 如果状语从句的主语是it或与主句主语相同且从句谓语含有be动词时，通常省略从句的主语和be动词，只保留连词＋现在分词/过去分词/形容词。 He works very hard, though (he is) still rather weak in English. 虽然他的英语还很差，但他学习很努力。 Once (she was) an operator, she now works in a government office. 她曾经是操作员，现在在政府机关工作。 【注意】 在than或as ... as引导的从句中，常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。 This meeting is taking longer than (it is) expected. 这次会议开得比预期的要长 3．宾语从句中的省略 常常省略宾语从句中的引导词that；而且在含有动词“命令(order, command), 建议(suggest, propose)，要求(request, demand, require)，坚持(insist), 希望(desire)”等的宾语从句中，谓语动词通常用should＋动词原形，而且should可以被省略。 He suggested (that) the meeting (should) be delayed.他建议把会议推迟。 He said (that) he was once an accountant in a company and that he would go to a bigger one. 他说他曾经是一家公司的会计，他将来会去一家更大的公司 4．固定省略结构 (1)有些省略已经形成了固定结构，常见的有：if necessary (如有必要), if possible (如果可能), if not (如果不是), if so (如果是这样)等。 If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。 (2)由固定词组引导的疑问句 What about having a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样？ How come they left you alone here? 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？ What if it's raining? 如果下雨怎么办？ Why not try again? 为什么不再试试呢？ 1.Many companies and organizations use the MBTI theory when (hire) staff to help them select people for certain roles. 【答案】hiring 2.Though (disconnect), the phone serves a surprising purpose: helping people speak out what they feel embarrassed to say in front of others. 【答案】disconnected 3.The little child was trembling when (spot) in the corner by the firefighter. 【答案】spotted 4.As the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good-for nothing if not (carve).” 【答案】carved 5.If (admit) as a volunteer, I will do all I can to do the work well. 【答案】admitted 6.When (surround) by constant communication and encouragement, they can find the  courage to try, fail, redo, and try again. 【答案】surrounded 7.When (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 【答案】approaching 8.Once (encourage), he will have confidence to overcome the difficulties. 【答案】encouraged 9.The children should not be allowed to leave school unless (accompany) by their parents. 【答案】accompanied 10.Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment while (travel). 【答案】traveling 11.When deeply (absorb) in work, as he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 【答案】absorbed 12.Weak and nervous, the patient opened his mouth as if (say) something. 【答案】to say as if引导方式状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，此处表示“将要做某事”，使用be to do结构 Extended reading课文详解 News that Matters：pollution in Norgate 《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染 1.Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident;Vincent Brown,senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee Welcome.今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯，本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们 (1)句型讲解：Joining us in the studio tonight are.......此句是完全倒装句。 主语是 James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brow… , are 是系动词, Joining us 是表语。为了保持句子结构平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首，引起倒装。表语前置有以下几种形式： ①形容词做表语前置 Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and his students. ②分词作表语前置 Gone are the days when we had to be at the mercy of weather. ③介词短语做表语前置 On the second floor is a big cinema 【归纳其他全部倒装结构】 ①在以here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词开头时，句子的主语又为名词 There goes the bell. Now comes the bus. Out ran two little boys. ②当句首为表示地点的介词短语，而句子的主语又为名词 Outside the classroom stood an old man. On the wall hangs a large map of China. (2)chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的 Unemployment was the chief cause of poverty. 失业是贫穷的主要原因 (3)committee n. 委员会 committee是集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。 如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。 常见的集合名词还有:audience(观众);crew(全体人员);family(家庭); public(公众);staff(全体职员) (4)resident n.居民，住户 local residents当地居民 【拓展】residential adj.住宅的，与居住有关的 a residential home for the elderly养老院 (5)senior adj.级别高的；年老的；(体育运动)高级水平的 be senior to... 比……资深/年长 单句语法填空 (1)Financial stress is well established as a/the chief reason for divorce. (2)Present at the meeting ____________ (be) some scientists from China. are (3)Among the people were (be)some students interested in agriculture hours ago. 翻译句子 (1) ______________ today is Tom. Tom今天没来上学 (2)______________ was a wallet.地上躺了一个钱包。 (3) the envelope was a beautiful stamp.信封上贴着一张漂亮的邮票。 【答案】1. Absent from class 2. Lying on the ground 3. Attached to; 2.Norgate’s rapid development has had significant environmental costs. Mr Smith, you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time? 诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？ (1)significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的---significance n.重要性，意义 (2)describe v.描述--description n. 描述，形容，说明 describe.....as/to be..... 把....描述成....... 单句语法填空 ①The Beatles were described a British invasion (入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. ②At first, it is of (significant)to fully understand the school. ③However, they took (significant)more when the actor was thin. ①as ②significance　③significantly 3.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色；这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走 (1)smog n. 雾霾，烟雾---smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的 (2)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a cough，that在从句中作宾语，也可以用which或者省略 (3)get rid of..... 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉.... 【拓展1】rid v.使……去掉，使……去除；摆脱，消除；adj.得到解脱的 rid... of　　使……摆脱或除去 rid oneself of..摆脱……;从…中解脱 rid oneself of debt 还清债务 be/get rid of.... 摆脱.... 【注意】get rid of＝rid＝quit＝give up摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. 多亏了英国发明的静音机，你可以在不打扰男孩或他的父母的情况下消除声音。 Further measures will be taken to rid our streets of crime.进一步的措施将被采取来防止街头犯罪 You should get rid of the bad habits.你应该改掉坏习惯 【拓展2】 get across (sth.) 通过(某物) get across (to sb.) 被传达(给某人)；被(某人)理解 get sth. across (to sb.) (使某人)理解某事；(向某人)传达某事 get around/about　各处走动；(消息)传开，传播 get down to 开始认真做某事；着手处理 get over 克服；摆脱某种情绪；从……恢复；痊愈 get through 做完；办完；看完；吃完；通过(考试);接通电话(to sb.) 单句语法填空 (1)We are trying to rid our company _______________these debts. (2)He struggles to rid___________ (he) of his fears. Key: (1). of (2). himself 用get短语的正确形式填空 (3)The teacher tried to explain the problem，but his explanation did not get across to the class. (4)It took her ages to get over her illness (5)With the election out of the way，the government can get down to business 4.HOST：Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond？ 主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想做出回应吗？ (1)protest vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩　n．抗议，反对 【归纳用法】protest against sth.　抗议某事=make a protest against... 对……提出抗议 protest that... 坚持说…… without protest 心甘情愿地；不反对地 under protest 抗议着；极不乐意地 Many people rose to their feet to protest against the decision.　许多人站起身来，抗议这项决定 The protests became more violent and many people were panicked into leaving the country. 抗议变得更加激烈，吓得许多人离开了那个国家 (2)respond v. 回答，回应；作出反应，回应 --response n.反应，响应；回复，答复 respond to.... 回应 in response to... 作为回应...... 单句语法填空 ①All local farmers protested(protest) against building the airport on their farmland then. ②Many people gathered to protest against killing animals for food ③The workers went on strike to protest (protest) against the economic policy of the government. ④Thousands of people crowded into the street, protesting (protest) against the war ⑤She responded to my letter with a phone call. ⑥The product was developed in response (respond) to customers' demand ⑦He responded that he would be (be)pleased to attend the party the next day. 5.BROWN: Well，I’m sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits 布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。 (1)tend to do....倾向于做某事 tend v.倾向于，往往会；照顾，护理；走向，趋向---tendency n. (2)eager to do为形容词短语作定语，修饰名词businessmen 【拓展】eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的---eagerness n.渴望，热心 (3)irresponsible adj.不负责任的，不可靠的 (4)profit n.利润，收益;好处 vt.＆vi.获益，得到好处 【归纳用法】 ①作名词:make/earn a profit 盈利 the total profit 利润总额 personal profit 个人利益 to one's profit 对某人有益 ②作动词:A profit B (A 使B获益)=B profit from/by A (B从A中获益) 【拓展词汇】non-profit adj. 非营利的 Profitable adj. 赢利的；有益的 Unfortunately, the research was limited to increasing economic profits, rather than protecting the environment.不幸的是，这项研究只局限于增加经济利益，而不是保护环境。 I hope the lesson will profit you.= I hope you will profit from the lesson. 我希望你能从这次教训中获益 单句语法填空 ①You can profit from listening to a wise man. ②We can make a profit from what you said. ③Profits (profit) were at the same level as the year before. ④Exercise is profitable (profit) for people of all ages. ⑤As a matter of fact，some of their new products are highly (profit). profitable ⑥On their arrival, they find Luo’s parents eagerly (eager)waiting for them. 6.In defenceof the factories, however, I’d like to point outthat we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce． 不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。 (1)that引导宾语从句；we produce是省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词pollution (2)defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 【归纳用法】 ①in defence of....　　保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 come to one’s defence出来保护某人 in one’s defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边 ②defend vt.保卫；防守；辩护 defend... against/from... 保卫……免受…… defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 ③defensive adj. 防御用的；防守的；辩护的 【区别】in defence意为“保卫，防御”，其后不跟宾语；in defence of意为“保卫……；为……辩护”，后跟宾语 The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country.士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战 The female hormones also protect the body in another way.They help the body defend itself from some kinds of infections. 雌性荷尔蒙在另一方面也保护身体。它们帮助身体免受某些种类的感染 单句语法填空 ①They were fighting like lions in defence of their homeland. ②As a famous politician once said，attack is the best method of defence (defend). ③The PLA defends our motherland from/against being attacked. ④We should defend him against being attacked (attack) ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我们应向那些在中国解放战争中为保卫祖国而牺牲的战士致以敬意。 We should show respect for many soldiers who died in defence of the country in the China’s War of Liberation. 7.We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs． 我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 (1)various adj. 各种不同的，各种各 样的--variety n.多样化，变化；种类--vary v.（使）不同，（使）呈现差异；（根据情况而）变化，改变 a variety of...=varieties of.... 各种各样的....=various+名词 (2)to reduce pollution... 为动词不定式短语作目的状语；even though引导方式状语从句，意为“即使” (3)even though引导的让步状语从句 even though(=even if)意为“即使，纵然，虽然”,引导让步状语从句，从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Even though/if I fail this time, I will try again.我即使这次失败了，也会再次尝试。 They won't go to the party even though/if they are invited.他们即使受到邀请，也不会去参加那个聚会。 归纳拓展： 相关知识积累：even though的易混短语为as though。as though(=as if)意为"好像"。 It looks as though/if it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。 【易混辨析】even if/though，as if/though ①even if/though即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句。 ②as if/though似乎，好像，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。 I will not go to her birthday party even if/though I am invited. It seemed as if/though the suit was made to his own measure. (4)process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程　vt.加工，处理 【归纳用】in the process of (doing) sth.　 在(做)某事的过程中 in the process 同时，在……过程中 in process 在进行中 We're in the process of selling our old furniture. 我们正在出售自家的旧家具。 I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process. 我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。 Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过 单句语法填空 ①I’m afraid getting things changed will be a slow process. ②All the information was then ready to be processed (process) into film negatives. ③Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered. ④More than 100 applications for travel visas have to_____________(process). be processed ⑤Even if it (rain) tomorrow，we won’t change our plan. rains ⑥The cause of anger are_______(vary). various 翻译 海伦总是帮助她母亲，即使上学占了她一天的大部分时间。 Helen always helps her mother even though going to school takes up most of her day 8.I’d also like to draw your attention tothe economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate． 我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。 14.We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow. 我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。 (1)draw your attention to将你的注意力吸引到…… (2)economy n.[C]经济(情况)；经济制度；[C，U]节约，节省 economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节约的 (3)benefit n.好处，益处；v.使受益；得益于--- beneficial adj.有益的，有利的 单句语法填空 (1)It is natural that a mayor should pay more attention to the (economy) development. economic (2)Rapid ________ (economy) development threatens animal habitats. economic (3)A stay in the country will be beneficial (benefit) to his health. (4)You need people working for the benefit of the community. (5)The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned. 9.HOST: Thank you, Mr Brown. With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. Mrs Archer,what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution? 主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？ (1)on the rise在增加；在上涨 (2)deal with处理，应对，解决 (3)句中With pollution levels on the rise是with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构在句中可作定语和状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)。 单句语法填空 (1)The great scientist walked into the hall,with his fans following (follow) him. (2)With the books he needed (buy), he left the bookstore happily. bought (3)With so many essays (write), he won’t have time to go shopping this morning. to write (4)The guide was introducing this old painting with his finger pointing (point)at it. 10.We’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe ,like strict clean­up requirements . 我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。 (1)policy n. 政策，方针；原则 adopt a new policy通过一项新政策 a flexible policy灵活的政策 the foreign/domestic policy外交/国内政策 (2)observe vt.遵守；注意到；观察；庆祝---observation n. 观察；观测；监视--observer n. 观察者，目击者 [归纳点拨] observe sb.doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 observe sb.do sth. 注意到某人做了某事 observe sb./sth.done 注意到某人/某物被…… 注意：observe后可加省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，不定式作主语补足语时，to不能省略。 单句语法填空 ①He was observing the insects killed (kill)by the liquid at the time ②The man was observed (observe) to enter the bank by the police hours ago． ③On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed the sun rising (rise)． ④He is often observed to_play (play) football in the yard. 11.A formerUN official once said,“Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty,advancing economic growth... these are one and the same fight.” 一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，实现经济增长……这是同一场战斗 (1)former adj.昔日的，前任的;以前的，从前的-----latter adj.后者的,后面的 in former times从前 in the former case在前一种情况下 The former ... the latter...前者……后者...（latter adj.以后的，较晚时候的 (2)official n.官员，要员adj.公务的;正式的，官方的 n.官员，要员a government official政府官员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 make an official visit进行正式访问official languages官方语言 【拓展】①officially adv.官方地，正式地 ②officer n.军官，警官；公务员 ③office n. [C,U]办公室；(政府部门的)部，局；公职，官职，公务；职责 take office 就职 (3)poverty n.贫穷，贫困;贫乏 live in poverty生活于贫困之中 out of poverty摆脱贫困 struggle against poverty在贫困中挣扎 conditions of extreme poverty极度贫穷的状况 单句语法填空 (1)The local government is trying to get the poor villagers out of (poor). poverty (2)The college is not an ____________ (official) recognized English language school. officially 12.The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共 (1)fortune n.命运；好运，机遇；财富--fortunate adj.幸运的--fortunately adv.幸运地 (2)inseparable adj.不可分离的---separable adj.可分离的；可分隔的--separate v.（使）分离 单句语法填空 (1)He was fortunate in having such supportive parents. (2)You are fortunate to have (have) such a good friend. (3)It was fortunate that no one was hurt in the accident. (4)After graduating from college, he decided to go to a big city to seek his fortune (fortunate) Words and sentence pattern in Project 1.poison (n) 毒药 (V).下毒；毒害 Large amounts of industrial waste poison the water after they enter water bodies.(p13) 【归纳用法】poison one's mind　　毒害某人的思想 poison sb.to death 毒死某人 poison sb.with sth. 用……毒害…… a deadly poison致命的毒素 【拓展】poisonous adj有毒的 poisonous chemicals/plants有毒化学物质/植物 单句语法填空 (1)You mustn’t take something that is (poison) to that centre. poisonous (2)The man got ________(poisonous) after drinking the water in the bottle. poisoned 2.consequence n．结果，后果；重要性 (教材原句P13)Consequences后果 【归纳用法】 (1)take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果 as a consequence of ＝in consequence of 由于(＝as a result of) as a consequence ＝in consequence 因此，结果 (＝ as a result) of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的 answer for the consequence　 对后果负责 (2) consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 (3)consequently adv. 所以；因此；结果 【注意】 (1)表示“因此，结果”时，可使用短语:as a consequence, in consequence, as a result,相当于副词consequently。 (2)表示“由于，因为”时，可使用短语:as a consequence of, in consequence of, as a result of 单句语法填空 ①As a consequence，children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas. ②The gifted writer believed that the loss of his works would lead to several serious consequences (consequence). ③ Consequently (consequent)，she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture. ④As a consequence of your laziness and rudeness, I am forced to dismiss you 3.give rise to 使发生（或存在） For example, in many parts of the world, the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problem.(P13) 【拓展】rise above sth.　　克服(障碍)；超越(限制) rise to 上升到；升迁；能够处理 rise (in sth.) (数量或水平的)增加，提高 rise (from sth.) 复活 单句语法填空 Being overweight can also give rise to problems apart from those of physical health 综合填空一 As everyone knows, it is Jingdezhen in Jiangxi province 1. the local porcelain(瓷器) is highly desirable that is the center of world porcelain. Last year, my school held a two­day research activity, guided by the slogan, “Exploring ceramic(陶瓷的) culture, traveling through ancient and modern times”. The aim was to build students’ 2. (aware) of traditional culture. On our way to Jingdezhen, our guide introduced us to the basics of porcelain production.Our first stop was the Museum of Chinese Ceramics, which has 3. unique and exquisite collection of porcelain made from materials such as clay(陶土) and stone. The guide told us of the great achievements in ceramics from ancient times 4. today.I listened carefully to everything, 5. (date) back to Neolithic(新石器时代) period, clay was used to make pottery(陶器), which people used to carry water and food.Today, we still use porcelain but 6. our pottery is far more beautiful than the products of those times. On the second day, the team leader took us to a small DIY porcelain factory.Under the 7. (guide) of the teacher, we 8. (give) some clay and the chance to design a piece of pottery.Although our efforts were not as beautiful as the articles in the museum，they were our own work.The two­day activity was very 9. (enjoy) and meaningful.I learned a lot about porcelain and made an item 10. my own.It meant a lot to me. 1.where 2.awareness 3.a 4.until 5.dating 6.but 7.guidance 8.were given 9.enjoyable 10.on 综合填空二 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers(饺子皮), encasing(包住) hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____2____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing(释放) the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____3____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket(蒸气篮子) without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer(蒸锅) is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. 【答案】1. tasty 2. to bite 3. or 4. recognized 5. by 6. to be lifted 7. their 8. a 9. rarely 10. wanting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。 语法填空三 A 7.9-magnitude earthquake struck Myanmar at 2:20 pm Friday (Beijing Time), according to the China Earthquake Networks Center. The epicenter 1 (monitor) at 21.85 degree north latitude and 95.95 degrees east longitude. The quake struck at a depth of 30 km, said a report 2 (issue) by the CENC. The death toll from Friday’s devastating earthquake in Myanmar 3 (reach) 2,719, with 4,521 people injured and 441 others still missing, the country’s State Administration Council Chairman Min Aung Hlaing said during a cash donation ceremony for quake victims 4 was held in Nay Pyi Daw on Tuesday, according to the local media reports. Chinese rescue teams are continuing to work in the hard-hit Mandalay in central Myanmar following the 7.9-magnitude temblor last week, and have so far saved eight 5 (survive) as of 8:00 local time on Tuesday in the country. 6 (ensure) the quality and effectiveness of Chinese rescue team’s work, a rescue work mechanism was established for information sharing and joint logistics. 7 (current) the weather in Mandalay is hot, with the highest daytime temperature 8 (top) 40 degrees Celsius, and there are many mosquitoes at the work sites. Meanwhile, experts from the Chinese Search and Rescue Team have completed the safety assessment of the damage 9 the four office buildings of the Chinese Consulate General in Mandalay, and offered 10 (propose) on emergency disposal. 1．was monitored 2．issued 3．had reached 4．that/which 5．survivors 6．To ensure 7．Currently 8．topping 9．to 10．proposals 七选五 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____36____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____37____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____38____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____39____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____40____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. F 39. C 40. G 阅读理解 On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate(估计；判断). If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated(有相互关系的) or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained(获得) from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic(逻辑) of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 34. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D 完形填空 On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____41____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____42____ came because she was carrying a ____43____ across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____44____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____45____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____46____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____47____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____48____ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ____49____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme _____50_____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more _____51_____ about why her act is considered a big _____52_____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t _____53_____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the _____54_____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the _____55_____ of human kindness won the day. 41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse 43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor 44. A. race B. school C. town D. training 45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised 46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 49. A. interrupted打断 B. assessed评估 C. identified识别 D. appreciated 50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness 51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged 52. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand 54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show 55. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange 【答案】41. D 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did. So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice. What did the horse think, as he sped(加速) through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized(赞同,理解) immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右; 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you’d win! I am proud of you. You made it!” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your support and encouragement, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much!” I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn’t like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者上中学的时候，社会学老师邀请作者参加一个写作比赛。作者不喜欢写作，于是想都没想就拒绝了。但是在老师的鼓励下，作者同意试一试。作者在写作过程中虽然很累，但是没有放弃，坚持下来了。在作者最终完成写作时，作者感到写作让他很快乐，他已经不在乎输赢了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。”和第二段首句“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第一段可描写作者获得比赛一等奖，在颁奖典礼上作者表达了对社会老师的感激。 ②由第二段首句内容“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第二段可描写老师鼓励作者继续写作，自此作者坚持写作取得了成功，作者将这一切归功于自己的老师。 2.续写线索：比赛消息传来——作者获奖——高兴——颁奖典礼感谢老师——颁奖后来到老师办公室——老师告诉作者坚持写作——作者表达了对写作的喜爱——作者写作取得了成功——感激老师 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①告知：inform/tell ②成功做到：make it/succeed ③表达：express/convey 情绪类 ①高兴的：happy/glad ②激动地：excitedly/with excitement 【点睛】[高分句型1] I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. （运用了由连接词that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.（运用了强调句） [高分句型3] I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修三Unit1 Nature in the balance第二课时复习 +阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修三Unit1 Grammar usage---Extended Reading的重点词汇、短语、句型； 2、语法复习：省略的用法； 3、阅读组合训练，提升解题技巧； 【学习过程】 Part two 词汇　 1.length n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长→long adj.长的→lengthen v.(使)变长 2.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种→vary v.变化→various adj.多种多样的→variously adv.各种各样地 3.living adj.活着的;在使用的 n.生计,谋生；生活方式→live v.活着;adv.现场直播地→lively adj.活泼的(比较级:livelier或more lively)→alive adj.活着的;栩栩如生的 4.survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难→survival n.幸存→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者 5.disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝;消失;失踪→disappearance n.消失→appear vi.出现 6.agriculture n.农业,农学→agricultural adj.农业的 7.extinction n.灭绝,绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的,绝种的 8.global adj.全球的;全面的→globe n.球体→globally adv.全球地;全局地 9.application n.应用,运用;申请→apply v.申请;应用→applicant n.申请人 10.organization n.组织,团体;安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者→organized adj.有组织的,系统的;有条理的 11.absolutely adv.绝对地,完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的;完全的 12.entirely adv.完全地,全部地,完整地→entire adj.完全的 13.profit n.利润,收益;好处 vi.& vt.获益,得到好处→profitable adj.有利润的,盈利的 14.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防→defend vt.保护 15.economic adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的 → economical adj.经济实惠的;节约的→economically adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地→economy n.经济→economist n.经济学家 16.poison vt.污染;毒死,毒害 n.毒物,毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 17.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的;化学作用的→chemistry n.化学 18.consequence n.结果,后果;重要性→consequent adj.随之而来的→consequently adv.结果 19.recycle vt.回收利用，再利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的 →recycling n. 再循环 20.towering adj.高大的,高耸的;出色的→tower vi.高出许多;胜过,超过 n.塔；（发送信号等的）塔台 21.image n.形象;图像;意象→imagine vi.&v.想象;猜想→imagination n.想象想象力→imaginative adj.富于想象的:有想象力的 22.smog n.雾霾,烟雾→smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的 23.official adj.官方的,正式的,公务的 n.官员,要员→officially adv.官方地,正式地→office n.办公室;重要官职 语法：省略 常考点 1．定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，可省略关系代词。 All (that) he needed is a sum of money. 他所需要的只是一笔钱。 Here is the man (who/that/whom) you've been looking for. 这就是你一直寻找的男人。 2．状语从句中的省略 如果状语从句的主语是it或与主句主语相同且从句谓语含有be动词时，通常省略从句的主语和be动词，只保留连词＋现在分词/过去分词/形容词。 He works very hard, though (he is) still rather weak in English. 虽然他的英语还很差，但他学习很努力。 Once (she was) an operator, she now works in a government office. 她曾经是操作员，现在在政府机关工作。 【注意】 在than或as ... as引导的从句中，常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。 This meeting is taking longer than (it is) expected. 这次会议开得比预期的要长 3．宾语从句中的省略 常常省略宾语从句中的引导词that；而且在含有动词“命令(order, command), 建议(suggest, propose)，要求(request, demand, require)，坚持(insist), 希望(desire)”等的宾语从句中，谓语动词通常用should＋动词原形，而且should可以被省略。 He suggested (that) the meeting (should) be delayed.他建议把会议推迟。 He said (that) he was once an accountant in a company and that he would go to a bigger one. 他说他曾经是一家公司的会计，他将来会去一家更大的公司 4．固定省略结构 (1)有些省略已经形成了固定结构，常见的有：if necessary (如有必要), if possible (如果可能), if not (如果不是), if so (如果是这样)等。 If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。 (2)由固定词组引导的疑问句 What about having a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样？ How come they left you alone here? 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？ What if it's raining? 如果下雨怎么办？ Why not try again? 为什么不再试试呢？ 1.Many companies and organizations use the MBTI theory when (hire) staff to help them select people for certain roles. 2.Though (disconnect), the phone serves a surprising purpose: helping people speak out what they feel embarrassed to say in front of others. 3.The little child was trembling when (spot) in the corner by the firefighter. 4.As the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good-for nothing if not (carve).” 5.If (admit) as a volunteer, I will do all I can to do the work well. 6.When (surround) by constant communication and encouragement, they can find the  courage to try, fail, redo, and try again. 7.When (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 8.Once (encourage), he will have confidence to overcome the difficulties. 9.The children should not be allowed to leave school unless (accompany) by their parents. 10.Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment while (travel). 11.When deeply (absorb) in work, as he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 12.Weak and nervous, the patient opened his mouth as if (say) something. Extended reading课文详解 News that Matters：pollution in Norgate 《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染 1.Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident;Vincent Brown,senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee Welcome.今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯，本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们 (1)句型讲解：Joining us in the studio tonight are.......此句是完全倒装句。 主语是 James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brow… , are 是系动词, Joining us 是表语。为了保持句子结构平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首，引起倒装。表语前置有以下几种形式： ①形容词做表语前置 Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and his students. ②分词作表语前置 Gone are the days when we had to be at the mercy of weather. ③介词短语做表语前置 On the second floor is a big cinema 【归纳其他全部倒装结构】 ①在以here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词开头时，句子的主语又为名词 There goes the bell. Now comes the bus. Out ran two little boys. ②当句首为表示地点的介词短语，而句子的主语又为名词 Outside the classroom stood an old man. On the wall hangs a large map of China. (2)chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的 Unemployment was the chief cause of poverty. 失业是贫穷的主要原因 (3)committee n. 委员会 committee是集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。 如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。 常见的集合名词还有:audience(观众);crew(全体人员);family(家庭); public(公众);staff(全体职员) (4)resident n.居民，住户 local residents当地居民 【拓展】residential adj.住宅的，与居住有关的 a residential home for the elderly养老院 (5)senior adj.级别高的；年老的；(体育运动)高级水平的 be senior to... 比……资深/年长 单句语法填空 (1)Financial stress is well established as chief reason for divorce. (2)Present at the meeting _________ (be) some scientists from China. (3)Among the people_______ (be)some students interested in agriculture hours ago. 翻译句子 (1) ______________ today is Tom. Tom今天没来上学 (2)______________ was a wallet.地上躺了一个钱包。 (3) the envelope was a beautiful stamp.信封上贴着一张漂亮的邮票。 2.Norgate’s rapid development has had significant environmental costs. Mr Smith, you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time? 诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？ (1)significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的---significance n.重要性，意义 (2)describe v.描述--description n. 描述，形容，说明 describe.....as/to be..... 把....描述成....... 单句语法填空 ①The Beatles were described a British invasion (入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. ②At first, it is of (significant)to fully understand the school. ③However, they took (significant)more when the actor was thin. 3.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色；这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走 (1)smog n. 雾霾，烟雾---smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的 (2)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a cough，that在从句中作宾语，也可以用which或者省略 (3)get rid of..... 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉.... 【拓展1】rid v.使……去掉，使……去除；摆脱，消除；adj.得到解脱的 rid... of　　使……摆脱或除去 rid oneself of..摆脱……;从…中解脱 rid oneself of debt 还清债务 be/get rid of.... 摆脱.... 【注意】get rid of＝rid＝quit＝give up摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. 多亏了英国发明的静音机，你可以在不打扰男孩或他的父母的情况下消除声音。 Further measures will be taken to rid our streets of crime.进一步的措施将被采取来防止街头犯罪 You should get rid of the bad habits.你应该改掉坏习惯 【拓展2】 get across (sth.) 通过(某物) get across (to sb.) 被传达(给某人)；被(某人)理解 get sth. across (to sb.) (使某人)理解某事；(向某人)传达某事 get around/about　各处走动；(消息)传开，传播 get down to 开始认真做某事；着手处理 get over 克服；摆脱某种情绪；从……恢复；痊愈 get through 做完；办完；看完；吃完；通过(考试);接通电话(to sb.) 单句语法填空 (1)We are trying to rid our company _______________these debts. (2)He struggles to rid___________ (he) of his fears. 用get短语的正确形式填空 (3)The teacher tried to explain the problem，but his explanation did not get_______to the class. (4)It took her ages to get_______ her illness (5)With the election out of the way，the government can get _______ to business 4.HOST：Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond？ 主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想做出回应吗？ (1)protest vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩　n．抗议，反对 【归纳用法】protest against sth.　抗议某事=make a protest against... 对……提出抗议 protest that... 坚持说…… without protest 心甘情愿地；不反对地 under protest 抗议着；极不乐意地 Many people rose to their feet to protest against the decision.　许多人站起身来，抗议这项决定 The protests became more violent and many people were panicked into leaving the country. 抗议变得更加激烈，吓得许多人离开了那个国家 (2)respond v. 回答，回应；作出反应，回应 --response n.反应，响应；回复，答复 respond to.... 回应 in response to... 作为回应...... 单句语法填空 ①All local farmers _______ (protest) against building the airport on their farmland then. ②Many people gathered to protest _______killing animals for food ③The workers went on strike _______ (protest) against the economic policy of the government. ④Thousands of people crowded into the street,_______(protest) against the war ⑤She responded_______ my letter with a phone call. ⑥The product was developed in_______(respond) to customers' demand ⑦He responded that he _______(be)pleased to attend the party the next day. 5.BROWN: Well，I’m sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits 布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。 (1)tend to do....倾向于做某事 tend v.倾向于，往往会；照顾，护理；走向，趋向---tendency n. (2)eager to do为形容词短语作定语，修饰名词businessmen 【拓展】eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的---eagerness n.渴望，热心 (3)irresponsible adj.不负责任的，不可靠的 (4)profit n.利润，收益;好处 vt.＆vi.获益，得到好处 【归纳用法】 ①作名词:make/earn a profit 盈利 the total profit 利润总额 personal profit 个人利益 to one's profit 对某人有益 ②作动词:A profit B (A 使B获益)=B profit from/by A (B从A中获益) 【拓展词汇】non-profit adj. 非营利的 Profitable adj. 赢利的；有益的 Unfortunately, the research was limited to increasing economic profits, rather than protecting the environment.不幸的是，这项研究只局限于增加经济利益，而不是保护环境。 I hope the lesson will profit you.= I hope you will profit from the lesson. 我希望你能从这次教训中获益 单句语法填空 ①You can profit _______ listening to a wise man. ②We can make _______profit from what you said. ③_______(profit) were at the same level as the year before. ④Exercise is _______ (profit) for people of all ages. ⑤As a matter of fact，some of their new products are highly (profit). ⑥On their arrival, they find Luo’s parents _______ (eager)waiting for them. 6.In defenceof the factories, however, I’d like to point outthat we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce． 不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。 (1)that引导宾语从句；we produce是省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词pollution (2)defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 【归纳用法】 ①in defence of....　　保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 come to one’s defence出来保护某人 in one’s defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边 ②defend vt.保卫；防守；辩护 defend... against/from... 保卫……免受…… defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 ③defensive adj. 防御用的；防守的；辩护的 【区别】in defence意为“保卫，防御”，其后不跟宾语；in defence of意为“保卫……；为……辩护”，后跟宾语 The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country.士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战 The female hormones also protect the body in another way.They help the body defend itself from some kinds of infections. 雌性荷尔蒙在另一方面也保护身体。它们帮助身体免受某些种类的感染 单句语法填空 ①They were fighting like lions in defence _______their homeland. ②As a famous politician once said，attack is the best method of _______(defend). ③The PLA defends our motherland _______being attacked. ④We should defend him against _______(attack) ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我们应向那些在中国解放战争中为保卫祖国而牺牲的战士致以敬意。 We should show respect for many soldiers in the China’s War of Liberation. 7.We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs． 我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 (1)various adj. 各种不同的，各种各 样的--variety n.多样化，变化；种类--vary v.（使）不同，（使）呈现差异；（根据情况而）变化，改变 a variety of...=varieties of.... 各种各样的....=various+名词 (2)to reduce pollution... 为动词不定式短语作目的状语；even though引导方式状语从句，意为“即使” (3)even though引导的让步状语从句 even though(=even if)意为“即使，纵然，虽然”,引导让步状语从句，从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Even though/if I fail this time, I will try again.我即使这次失败了，也会再次尝试。 They won't go to the party even though/if they are invited.他们即使受到邀请，也不会去参加那个聚会。 归纳拓展： 相关知识积累：even though的易混短语为as though。as though(=as if)意为"好像"。 It looks as though/if it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。 【易混辨析】even if/though，as if/though ①even if/though即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句。 ②as if/though似乎，好像，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。 I will not go to her birthday party even if/though I am invited. It seemed as if/though the suit was made to his own measure. (4)process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程　vt.加工，处理 【归纳用】in the process of (doing) sth.　 在(做)某事的过程中 in the process 同时，在……过程中 in process 在进行中 We're in the process of selling our old furniture. 我们正在出售自家的旧家具。 I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process. 我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。 Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过 单句语法填空 ①I’m afraid getting things changed will be slow process. ②All the information was then ready (process) into film negatives. ③Care of the soul is a gradual process which even the small details of life should be considered. ④More than 100 applications for travel visas have to_____________(process). ⑤Even if it (rain) tomorrow，we won’t change our plan. ⑥The cause of anger are_______(vary). 翻译 海伦总是帮助她母亲，即使上学占了她一天的大部分时间。 Helen always helps her mother . 8.I’d also like to draw your attention tothe economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate． 我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。 14.We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow. 我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。 (1)draw your attention to将你的注意力吸引到…… (2)economy n.[C]经济(情况)；经济制度；[C，U]节约，节省 economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节约的 (3)benefit n.好处，益处；v.使受益；得益于--- beneficial adj.有益的，有利的 单句语法填空 (1)It is natural that a mayor should pay more attention to the (economy) development. economic (2)Rapid ________ (economy) development threatens animal habitats. (3)A stay in the country will be (benefit) to his health. (4)You need people working the benefit of the community. (5)The new regulations will be benefit to everyone concerned. 9.HOST: Thank you, Mr Brown. With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. Mrs Archer,what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution? 主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？ (1)on the rise在增加；在上涨 (2)deal with处理，应对，解决 (3)句中With pollution levels on the rise是with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构在句中可作定语和状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)。 单句语法填空 (1)The great scientist walked into the hall,with his fans (follow) him. (2)With the books he needed (buy), he left the bookstore happily. (3)With so many essays (write), he won’t have time to go shopping this morning. (4)The guide was introducing this old painting with his finger (point)at it. 10.We’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe ,like strict clean­up requirements . 我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。 (1)policy n. 政策，方针；原则 adopt a new policy通过一项新政策 a flexible policy灵活的政策 the foreign/domestic policy外交/国内政策 (2)observe vt.遵守；注意到；观察；庆祝---observation n. 观察；观测；监视--observer n. 观察者，目击者 [归纳点拨] observe sb.doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 observe sb.do sth. 注意到某人做了某事 observe sb./sth.done 注意到某人/某物被…… 注意：observe后可加省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，不定式作主语补足语时，to不能省略。 单句语法填空 ①He was observing the insects (kill)by the liquid at the time ②The man (observe) to enter the bank by the police hours ago． ③On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed the sun (rise)． ④He is often observed (play) football in the yard. 11.A formerUN official once said,“Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty,advancing economic growth... these are one and the same fight.” 一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，实现经济增长……这是同一场战斗 (1)former adj.昔日的，前任的;以前的，从前的-----latter adj.后者的,后面的 in former times从前 in the former case在前一种情况下 The former ... the latter...前者……后者...（latter adj.以后的，较晚时候的 (2)official n.官员，要员adj.公务的;正式的，官方的 n.官员，要员a government official政府官员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 make an official visit进行正式访问official languages官方语言 【拓展】①officially adv.官方地，正式地 ②officer n.军官，警官；公务员 ③office n. [C,U]办公室；(政府部门的)部，局；公职，官职，公务；职责 take office 就职 (3)poverty n.贫穷，贫困;贫乏 live in poverty生活于贫困之中 out of poverty摆脱贫困 struggle against poverty在贫困中挣扎 conditions of extreme poverty极度贫穷的状况 单句语法填空 (1)The local government is trying to get the poor villagers out of (poor). (2)The college is not an ____________ (official) recognized English language school. 12.The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共 (1)fortune n.命运；好运，机遇；财富--fortunate adj.幸运的--fortunately adv.幸运地 (2)inseparable adj.不可分离的---separable adj.可分离的；可分隔的--separate v.（使）分离 单句语法填空 (1)He was fortunate having such supportive parents. (2)You are fortunate (have) such a good friend. (3) was fortunate that no one was hurt in the accident. (4)After graduating from college, he decided to go to a big city to seek his (fortunate) Words and sentence pattern in Project 1.poison (n) 毒药 (V).下毒；毒害 Large amounts of industrial waste poison the water after they enter water bodies.(p13) 【归纳用法】poison one's mind　　毒害某人的思想 poison sb.to death 毒死某人 poison sb.with sth. 用……毒害…… a deadly poison致命的毒素 【拓展】poisonous adj有毒的 poisonous chemicals/plants有毒化学物质/植物 单句语法填空 (1)You mustn’t take something that is (poison) to that centre. (2)The man got ________(poisonous) after drinking the water in the bottle. 2.consequence n．结果，后果；重要性 (教材原句P13)Consequences后果 【归纳用法】 (1)take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果 as a consequence of ＝in consequence of 由于(＝as a result of) as a consequence ＝in consequence 因此，结果 (＝ as a result) of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的 answer for the consequence　 对后果负责 (2) consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 (3)consequently adv. 所以；因此；结果 【注意】 (1)表示“因此，结果”时，可使用短语:as a consequence, in consequence, as a result,相当于副词consequently。 (2)表示“由于，因为”时，可使用短语:as a consequence of, in consequence of, as a result of 单句语法填空 ① a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas. ②The gifted writer believed that the loss of his works would lead to several serious (consequence). ③ (consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture. ④As a consequence your laziness and rudeness, I am forced to dismiss you 3.give rise to 使发生（或存在） For example, in many parts of the world, the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problem.(P13) 【拓展】rise above sth.　　克服(障碍)；超越(限制) rise to 上升到；升迁；能够处理 rise (in sth.) (数量或水平的)增加，提高 rise (from sth.) 复活 单句语法填空 Being overweight can also give rise problems apart from those of physical health 综合填空一 As everyone knows, it is Jingdezhen in Jiangxi province 1. the local porcelain(瓷器) is highly desirable that is the center of world porcelain. Last year, my school held a two­day research activity, guided by the slogan, “Exploring ceramic(陶瓷的) culture, traveling through ancient and modern times”. The aim was to build students’ 2. (aware) of traditional culture. On our way to Jingdezhen, our guide introduced us to the basics of porcelain production.Our first stop was the Museum of Chinese Ceramics, which has 3. unique and exquisite collection of porcelain made from materials such as clay(陶土) and stone. The guide told us of the great achievements in ceramics from ancient times 4. today.I listened carefully to everything, 5. (date) back to Neolithic(新石器时代) period, clay was used to make pottery(陶器), which people used to carry water and food.Today, we still use porcelain but 6. our pottery is far more beautiful than the products of those times. On the second day, the team leader took us to a small DIY porcelain factory.Under the 7. (guide) of the teacher, we 8. (give) some clay and the chance to design a piece of pottery.Although our efforts were not as beautiful as the articles in the museum，they were our own work.The two­day activity was very 9. (enjoy) and meaningful.I learned a lot about porcelain and made an item 10. my own.It meant a lot to me. 综合填空二 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers(饺子皮), encasing(包住) hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____2____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing(释放) the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____3____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket(蒸气篮子) without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer(蒸锅) is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. 语法填空三 A 7.9-magnitude earthquake struck Myanmar at 2:20 pm Friday (Beijing Time), according to the China Earthquake Networks Center. The epicenter 1 (monitor) at 21.85 degree north latitude and 95.95 degrees east longitude. The quake struck at a depth of 30 km, said a report 2 (issue) by the CENC. The death toll from Friday’s devastating earthquake in Myanmar 3 (reach) 2,719, with 4,521 people injured and 441 others still missing, the country’s State Administration Council Chairman Min Aung Hlaing said during a cash donation ceremony for quake victims 4 was held in Nay Pyi Daw on Tuesday, according to the local media reports. Chinese rescue teams are continuing to work in the hard-hit Mandalay in central Myanmar following the 7.9-magnitude temblor last week, and have so far saved eight 5 (survive) as of 8:00 local time on Tuesday in the country. 6 (ensure) the quality and effectiveness of Chinese rescue team’s work, a rescue work mechanism was established for information sharing and joint logistics. 7 (current) the weather in Mandalay is hot, with the highest daytime temperature 8 (top) 40 degrees Celsius, and there are many mosquitoes at the work sites. Meanwhile, experts from the Chinese Search and Rescue Team have completed the safety assessment of the damage 9 the four office buildings of the Chinese Consulate General in Mandalay, and offered 10 (propose) on emergency disposal. 七选五 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____36____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____37____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____38____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____39____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____40____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 阅读理解 On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate(估计；判断). If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated(有相互关系的) or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained(获得) from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic(逻辑) of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 34. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 完形填空 On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____41____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____42____ came because she was carrying a ____43____ across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____44____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____45____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____46____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____47____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____48____ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ____49____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme _____50_____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more _____51_____ about why her act is considered a big _____52_____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t _____53_____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the _____54_____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the _____55_____ of human kindness won the day. 41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse 43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor 44. A. race B. school C. town D. training 45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised 46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 49. A. interrupted打断 B. assessed评估 C. identified识别 D. appreciated 50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness 51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged 52. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand 54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show 55. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did. So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice. What did the horse think, as he sped(加速) through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized(赞同,理解) immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右; 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $