课时作业01 Unit 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading (译林版2020高一必修三）2025-2026学年度课堂复习帮

课时作业01 Welcome to the unit & Reading (Unit 1 Nature in the balance ) 01 基础练 02 提升练 03 培优练 单词拼写 1. I use my photography to make an i________(影响) on people. 2. It is well-known that smoking can d________ (损害) our health. 3. Following a mass e________(灭绝), ecosystems were left unstable, creating opportunities for the surviving species to diversify and evolve into new forms. 4. Yellowstone National Park is famous for the ________(多样性) of its wildlife. 5. The old traditions in some villages are starting to ________(消失) because of the influence of modern life. 6. If you are fully prepared, you will have a better chance to s________ the earthquake. 7. The popular science book successfully explained complex theories to the general public, appealing to the m________ rather than just experts. 8. He went to great l________ to fulfill his ambition to become the best basketball player in China. 9. The l________ are more important to us than the dead. 10. B________ the surface of the water, you could see a variety of colorful fish. 【答案】 1. impact 2. damage 3. extinction 4. variety/diversity 5. disappear 6. survive 7. masses 8. lengths 9. living 10.Beneath 短语互译 1. ________________相应地,转而  2. ________________使分解(为),使变化(成)  3. ________________给……带来起色,注入活力  4. ________________由于,因为  5. ________________逐渐增加,扩大  6. be home to ________________ 7. be alive with ________________ 8. play a role in ________________ 9. take in ________________ 10. feed on ________________ 【答案】 1. in turn 2. break down 3. breathe life into  4. due to 5. build up 6. ……的家园 7.充满着,洋溢着 8.在……中扮演角色,起作用  9.吸收,理解 10.以……为主食,靠……为生 完成句子 1. 这条河是那条河的两倍长。(倍数表达) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The river is twice as long as that one.=The river is twice longer than that one. = The river is twice the length of that one. 2. 山脚下坐落着一个宁静的村庄。(完全倒装/lie) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At the foot of the mountain lies a peaceful village. 3. 如果时间许可的话，我们就去你家。(独立主格) ________________, we’ll go to your house. 【答案】Time permitting 4. Judging from his ________ look , he was ________.从他惊恐的表情判断，他非常害怕。 【答案】terrified; terrified 5. 锻炼不仅能增强我们的身体，而且还能让我们有时间放松和清新我们的大脑，使我们更快更长久地记住东西。(not only 位于句首) ________________________________, but also it provides us with time to relax and refresh our mind, making us memorize things faster and longer. 【答案】Not only does exercise build up our body 6. 文化交流项目有助于打破不同国家和民族之间的隔阂。(break down) Cultural exchange programs help to ________________ between different countries and peoples. 【答案】break down barriers 7. 努力学习能提高成绩，成绩提高反过来又会增强我们的学习信心。 Hard work improves grades, which ________ ________ boosts our confidence in learning. 【答案】in turn 8. 我发现很难在梦想和生活之间找到平衡，尤其是我的学业，由于长时间的训练以及随之而来的精神高度紧张，我的学业日渐退步。 I find it challenging to balance between my dream and my life, especially my schoolwork, which ________________________________ of training and ________________________________. 【答案】has been worsening due to the long hours; the consequent mental tension 9. 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于在雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn’t about ________________________, but how to dance in the rain. 【答案】how to survive storms 10. 因双亲早亡，他十几岁的时候就不得不独自谋生。 Since his parents died early, he had to ________________________________ when he was a teenager. 【答案】earn his own living 单句语法填空 1. We need to measure the ________(long) and width of the room before buying furniture.   【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：在买家具之前，我们需要测量房间的长度和宽度。提示词作宾语，与名词width是并列关系，用名词length，意为“长度”，不可数名词。故填length。 2. Conservationists are trying to save the whale from ________(extinct). 【答案】extinction 【详解】考查名词。句意：自然资源保护主义者正努力拯救鲸鱼，使其免于灭绝。提示词作介词from后宾语，用名词形式extinction，意为“灭绝”，不可数名词。故填extinction。 3. Studying regularly helps build confidence, which ________ turn leads to better performance in exams. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：定期学习有助于增强自信心，而这种自信心反过来又能使考试表现更加出色。固定短语in turn，意为“反过来，转而”，符合语境。故填in。 4. The soldiers did all they could to rescue the only ________(survive) regardless of the danger of aftershocks. 【答案】survivor 【详解】考查名词。句意：士兵们不顾余震的危险，竭尽全力去营救唯一的幸存者。根据空格前的rescue the only可知，空格处应该用单数名词作宾语，且意义为“幸存者”，所以用名词survivor。故填survivor。 5. As the world’s first national park, Yellowstone is famous for the ________(vary) of its wildlife. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为世界上首个国家公园，黄石公园以其野生动物的多样性而闻名。空处在介词for和定冠词the之后，应填入名词作介词宾语。vary为动词，其名词形式是variety，在此处意为“多样性，变化性”。故填variety。 6. Modern ________ needs to become more eco-friendly, and ________ experts are working on new solutions. (agriculture) 【答案】agriculture; agricultural 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：现代农业需要变得更加环保，而农业专家们正在探索新的解决方案。第一空作主语，用名词agriculture，不可数；第二空修饰名词experts，用形容词agricultural作定语。故填①agriculture；②agricultural。 7. When the spaceship entered the black hole, it seemed to ________ completely, and the sudden ________ left scientists puzzled about the laws of physics in such extreme conditions. (disappear) 【答案】disappear; disappearance 【详解】考查词性转换。句意：当宇宙飞船进入黑洞时，它似乎完全消失了，而这种突然的消失让科学家们对极端条件下的物理定律感到困惑。第一空位于系动词seemed后的不定式符号to之后，需用动词原形，disappear为动词，意为“消失”，所以第一空填disappear；第二空位于形容词sudden之后，需用名词作主语；disappear的名词形式为disappearance，意为“消失”，符合语境，所以第二空填disappearance。故填①disappear; ②disappearance。 8. In this ________, the ________ traditional music festival draws crowds every autumn. (region) 【答案】region; regional 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：每年秋天，这个地区的传统音乐节都会吸引大批游客。第一空应用名词region作宾语，由this修饰应用名词单数；第二空修饰名词music，应填形容词作定语。故填①region; ②regional。 9. Marie Curie’s ________ mind kept her passion for science ________, and her discoveries continue to help people make a better ________ today. (live) 【答案】Lively; alive; living 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：玛丽·居里活跃的头脑使她对科学的热情一直保持高涨，她的发现如今继续帮助人们过上更好的生活。第一空，“mind(头脑)”是名词，需用形容词修饰，“lively”意为“活跃的”，符合语境；第二空，“keep sth. + 形容词”表示“使某物保持某种状态”，“alive”意为“有活力的，生机勃勃的”作宾语补足语，符合语境；第三空，“make a better living”为固定短语，意为“过上更好的生活”。故填①lively; ②alive; ③living。 10. The museum’s popularity is largely due ________ its interactive exhibitions, which appeal ________ visitors of all ages. 【答案】to; to 【详解】考查介词。句意：这家博物馆之所以广受好评，很大程度上是因为它推出的互动式展览，这类展览对各个年龄段的游客都极具吸引力。第一空，due to为固定短语，意为“由于”；第二空，appeal to sb为固定搭配，意为“吸引某人”。故填①to；②to。 句型转换 1. Because the weather conditions were bad, the outdoor concert was canceled. (同义转换) The outdoor concert was canceled ________ ________ the bad weather conditions. 【答案】due/owing to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这场户外音乐会因为恶劣的天气状况而被取消了。此处原因状语从句可用due/owing to替换为介词短语，故填due/owing to。 2. The car broke down. I hired the car last month. (合并句子，斜体为从句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The car (which/that) I hired last month broke down. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：汽车抛锚了。我上个月租了这辆车。按照题干要求，“I hired the car last month.”改为定语从句，修饰先行词the car，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，所以可以用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为The car (which/that) I hired last month broke down. 3. All regular flights were cancelled due to the flood that had struck the city for days. (对划线部分进行强调) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was due to the flood that had struck the city for days that all regular flights were cancelled. 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：由于洪水已经袭击了这座城市好几天，所有定期航班都被取消了。强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”，此处被强调部分是原因状语“due to the flood that had struck the city for days”，原句时态为一般过去时，故用“was”；强调原因状语时用“that”，其余部分保持原有语序和时态不变。故答案为：It was due to the flood that had struck the city for days that all regular flights were cancelled. 4. The size of the newly broadened library is three times what the previous one was. (句型转换) ①The newly broadened library is ________________ the previous one. ②The newly broadened library is ________________ the previous one. ③The newly broadened library is ________________ the previous one. 【答案】three times larger than; three times as large as; three times the size of 【详解】考查倍数的表达。句意：新扩建的图书馆是原来的三倍大。倍数表达常用三种形式：①倍数+ 形容词/副词比较级+than+比较对象；②倍数+ as +形容词/副词原级+as+比较对象；③倍数+ the size/height/length/width, etc + of + 比较对象；原句中比较的是新旧图书馆的大小，“新扩建的图书馆是原来的三倍大”，可用另外三种常用句型来改写，第一句可用第一种句型three times larger than，第二句用第二种句型three times as large as，第三句用第三种句型three times the size of。故填three times larger than；three times as large as；three times the size of。 5. The reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman’s family survived the earthquake.(合并成定语从句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake./The reporter is interviewing a woman, the family of whom survived the earthquake./The reporter is interviewing a woman, of whom the family survived the earthquake. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：记者正在采访一位家庭在地震中幸存下来的妇女。分析句子可知，原句中第二个句子可改写为定语从句，修饰先行词woman，关系词在从句中作定语，和family之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导，故可合并为The reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake.；表示所属关系也可用介词of表达，故第二个分句也可用“the family of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词woman指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词whom，故可合并为The reporter is interviewing a woman, the family of whom survived the earthquake.；也可改为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，即The reporter is interviewing a woman, of whom the family survived the earthquake.，故答案为The reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake./The reporter is interviewing a woman, the family of whom survived the earthquake./The reporter is interviewing a woman, of whom the family survived the earthquake. 6. An increasing number of species have died out on our planet because of global warming. (同义句转换) An increasing number of species have died out on our planet ________ ________ global warming. 【答案】due/owing to 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：由于全球变暖，我们的星球上越来越多的物种灭绝了。because of意为“因为，由于”，结合“died out”和所给空数可知，可用介词短语due to或owing to表达同样的意思。故填①due/owing；②to。 7. Finally, he sang one of his new songs at his concert. (句型转换) His concert ________ ________ one of his new songs. 【答案】ended with 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：最后，他在音乐会上演唱了他的一首新歌。根据句意和中英文提示，可用“他的音乐会以他的一首新歌结束”，空处缺少谓语动词“以……结束”，用end with，原句是一般过去时，故填ended with。 8. It is reported that police are looking into this case at present. (句型转换) Police are reported ________ ________ ________ ________ this case at present. 【答案】to be looking into 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，警方目前正在调查此案。原句是that引导的主语从句，转换后主语是police，谓语是are reported，所以look into应该用非谓语形式，根据原句，look into用的是现在进行时，此处应该用固定搭配：be reported to be doing形式。故填①to，②be，③looking，④into。 9. The Wonderland Alice travelled in her dream was underground. (句型转换) The Wonderland Alice travelled in her dream was ________ ________ ________. 【答案】beneath the ground 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：爱丽丝梦中的仙境在地下。根据句意及所给句子可知，原句中underground可以使用介词短语beneath the ground替换。故填①beneath；②the；③ground。 10. Food is important for a culture’s celebrations or traditions. (句型转换) Food ________ ________ ________ ________ in a culture’s celebrations or traditions. 【答案】plays a significant role 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：食物对于一种文化的庆典或传统很重要。根据句意可知，固定短语be important for sth.(对......很重要)可使用固定短语play a significant role in sth.(在…中起重要作用)进行转换，主语food是不可数名词，谓语需使用单数形式，且此处陈述一般事实，可使用一般现在时。故填①plays②a③significant④role。 课文语法填空 The Amazon rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, plays a significant role 1. ________ maintaining the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. It 2. ________(cross)into eight countries, 3. ________(include) Brazil and Peru. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is 4. ________ than half the size of China. More than 40,000 species of plants can 5. ________(find)in the Amazon. The forest’s different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable 6. ________(vary)of wildlife. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life. The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by 7. ________(fix) carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen, 8. ________ is known as the “lungs of the planet”. Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. 9. ________,over the past 50 years,17 per cent of the rainforest 10. ________(disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.  【答案】 1. in 2. crosses 3. including 4. more 5. be found 6. variety 7. fixing 8. which 9. However 10. has disappeared 阅读理解 A Beyond a pile of hay bales(干草捆), past the site of Indiana’s first ground-testing competition, high school students in this eastern town walk down a grassy hill to reach their newest classroom: a fenced-in(围栏围住的) field of cattle. Starting next school year, the animals, with names like Ground Round and Honey Bear, will be fed by students taking an agricultural(农业的) science class. When they are fat enough, they will be fed back to their caretakers — as beef burgers on lunchroom plates. Hagerstown, population 1, 769, is among rural communities facing population drop and the weakening of agricultural ties. Schools are turning to hands-on agricultural classes that supply cheaper, healthier lunchroom food. Hagerstown schools have lost enough students since 2010 to cause a big drop in per-pupil funding. School officials say the cattle program — informally “Where’s the Beef?”— will save at least $2, 000 each year and offer more job training. Even here, Wayne County lost 89 farms between 2007 and 2012. “Most of our students come from town,” said senior Macy Felton. “They can point out that’s a cow, but they wouldn’t know what to do with them.” Agricultural mechanics teacher Nathan Williamson proposed the cattle class: students would learn farming skills and animal health science while replacing 5, 000 pounds of bought hamburger beef. “Right now, beef prices are going through the roof,” he said. Students put up a fence around 10 acres for the herd(畜群), with community donations. Extra support will fund future farm animals. Some students, like Garrett Blevins, now hope to pursue animal science jobs. Others aren’t too worried that pupils might grow too attached to the animals. 1. Where is the students’ newest classroom? A. A busy downtown. B. A field of cattle. C. A campus lab. D. A school lunchroom. 2. What benefits does the cattle program bring? A. Restoring farms across the county. B. Raising more young local farmers. C. Serving chicken raised by students. D. Reducing costs and offering training. 3. What can we infer about the students’ knowledge of cows? A. They often work on farms after school. B. They can name cows like Ground Round. C. They know little about how to raise them. D. They understand farming techniques well. 4. According to the last paragraph, the cattle class is mainly ________. A. Short-sighted. B. Money-wasted. C. Interest-raising. D. Skill-enhancing. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述美国小镇Hagerstown学校开设养牛实践课程，学生饲养肉牛供食堂食用，既降低成本、提供技能培训，也帮助学生了解农业。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Beyond a pile of hay bales (干草捆) , past the site of Indiana’s first ground-testing competition, high school students in this eastern town walk down a grassy hill to reach their newest classroom: a fenced-in (围栏围住的) field of cattle. (在一堆干草捆的另一边，穿过印第安纳州首届地面测试比赛的场地，这座东部小镇的高中生们走下长满青草的山坡，来到他们最新的教室 —— 一片用围栏围起来的养牛场。)”可知，学生最新的教室是养牛场。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“School officials say the cattle program — informally “Where’s the Beef? ”— will save at least $2, 000 each year and offer more job training.(学校管理人员表示，这个养牛项目 —— 非正式名称为“牛肉在哪儿？”—— 每年至少能节省2000美元，并提供更多职业技能培训。)”可知，该项目能降低成本并提供培训。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段““Most of our students come from town,” said senior Macy Felton. “They can point out that’s a cow, but they wouldn’t know what to do with them.”(高三学生梅西・费尔顿说：“我们大多数学生都来自城镇，他们能认出那是牛，但却不知道该怎么照料它们。”)”可知，学生们几乎不懂如何养牛。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Agricultural mechanics teacher Nathan Williamson proposed the cattle class: students would learn farming skills and animal health science while replacing 5, 000 pounds of bought hamburger beef. “Right now, beef prices are going through the roof,” he said. Students put up a fence around 10 acres for the herd(畜群), with community donations. Extra support will fund future farm animals. Some students, like Garrett Blevins, now hope to pursue animal science jobs.(农业机械老师内森・威廉姆森提议开设这门养牛课：学生们将学习农耕技能和动物健康科学，同时替代掉原本需要采购的5000磅汉堡牛肉。“眼下，牛肉价格一路飞涨。”他说。学生们靠着社区捐赠，为这群牛在10英亩的土地上围起了围栏。额外的资助将用于未来饲养更多农场动物。像加勒特・布莱文斯这样的部分学生，如今也希望未来从事动物科学相关的工作。)”可知，这门课主要是提升技能的。故选D项。 B In the animal kingdom, killer whales(虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in varied family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds. Some ocean animals maintain social structures — including male dolphins that learn the “names” of their close allies(盟友). But there is little data about wild killer whales. That’s where drone(无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales. The researchers recorded over 800 instances of physical contact between individuals. Those included hugs, back-to-back and nose-to-nose touches between pairs of whales. Other whales playfully threw young whales into the air, letting them fall into the water. Besides, the drone images revealed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one “best friend” of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,” Weiss says. The young led most of these interactions, rather than the older females or males. Older males in particular were less important. “The young individuals really seem to be the glue(胶水) holding the groups together,” Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual loss of “centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” to Stacey Tecot, who wasn’t involved in the study. “Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That’s certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss. 5. What does the underlined word “rival” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Prevent. B. Match. C. Prefer. D. Attack. 6. What is new about Weiss’ research? A. The research method. B. The variety of species. C. The size of the research team. D. The time spent on the research. 7. What did Weiss find about J49 and J51? A. They have a lasting friendship. B. Their interactions are more complicated. C. Their communicating ways change frequently. D. They prefer playing with young female whales. 8. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More researchers will take part in the study. B. Other scientists take a negative attitude to the research. C. Researchers will collect more data to study killer whales. D. Researchers will uncover the social aging trend in animals soon. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于虎鲸社交行为的新研究，研究发现虎鲸在形成亲密友谊方面与黑猩猩、猕猴甚至人类相似，研究还揭示了虎鲸群体中的社交偏好和年龄对社交中心性的影响。 5. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the animal kingdom, killer whales (虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in varied family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships.(在动物王国中，虎鲸堪称社交明星：它们穿梭于多元家庭群体，照料孙辈，甚至能模仿人类语言。如今科学家们又在其技能清单上添了一项：迅速建立友谊)”可知，虎鲸在很多方面与人类相似。划线词所在句“A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds.(一项新的研究表明，在表明紧密关系的“社交接触”方面，虎鲸可以与黑猩猩、猕猴(一种猴子)甚至人类……)”中将虎鲸与黑猩猩、猕猴甚至人类进行了比较，说明它们在社交能力上可以与之相提并论。故划线词“rival”在此处意为“与……匹敌，与……不相上下”，与match意义相近。故选B项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“That’s where drone (无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales.(这就是无人机技术发挥作用的地方。行为生态学家迈克尔·韦斯和他的同事们合作发射了无人机，让它们在一群虎鲸上方30到120米处飞行。这个高度足以不打扰到虎鲸，标志着首次使用无人机研究鲸鱼之间的友好身体接触。)”可知，Weiss的研究首次使用无人机研究鲸鱼之间的友好身体接触，其新颖之处在于研究方法。故选A项。 7. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Besides, the drone images revealed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one’ best friend’ of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. ‘Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,’ Weiss says.(此外，无人机图像显示出个体间的明显偏好——通常表现为选择同性别、同龄的“挚友”。以远亲关系的9岁与6岁雄性幼鲸J49和J51为例。“每次观察到鲸群时，这两头幼鲸总是在互动嬉戏，”Weiss说)”可知，Weiss发现J49和J51之间有着持久的友谊，它们总是在互动嬉戏。故选A项。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss.(“我们已经在使用更先进的设备收集新数据，”Weiss说)”可推知，研究人员将收集更多的数据来研究虎鲸。故选C项。 完形填空 Brave Dog wasn’t always its name. When we saw it first, it was very 1 and skinny-ribbed (皮包骨头的), 2 worth a second look. “What a pretty dog!” Mattie said and walked happily towards it. I shouted at her, “ 3 that stray(流浪的) dog! You know Dad 4 stray dogs.” But Mattie replied, “Don’t call it Stray Dog. It’s a pretty dog and I will 5 it.” To Mattie, it was Pretty Dog. She talked to it, played with it and fed it. It followed her everywhere. Both 6 . One day, Dad discovered it. “Mattie! Get away from That Dog!” Dad 7 . So Stray Dog became That Dog. One cold winter day, Dad went 8 . Mattie wanted to go, too, but Dad didn’t allow. A few hours later, Dad came home, with a basket of fish in his hand. “Where is Mattie?” Dad asked. Mom and I were in confusion, both 9 Mattie was with the other. “Maybe she went after you.” “But she never came to the lake. Come on, we must find her.” We were so 10 about her safety that we hurried out. 11 , we didn’t find her. Suddenly, there 12 some dog barks(吠叫). “It’s That Dog!” Following the sharp loud sound of the dog, we found Mattie 13 under a fallen tree. We felt relaxed. Mattie said, “We got lost. Then I fell and hurt my foot so I couldn’t 14 . Pretty Dog kept me warm.” I don’t remember who started calling it 15 , but that was its name from then on. 1. A. pretty B. frightening C. dirty D. smart 2. A. hardly B. usually C. actually D. really 3. A. Keep B. Feed C. Leave D. Catch 4. A. loves B. dislikes C. raises D. pities 5. A. take care of B. look for C. wait for D. get rid of 6. A. carefully B. especially C. entirely D. secretly 7. A. added B. shouted C. asked D. advised 8. A. boating B. shopping C. fishing D. jogging 9. A. thinking B. seeing C. remembering D. saying 10. A. serious B. crazy C. angry D. anxious 11. A. Instead B. However C. Finally D. Anyway 12. A. came B. went C. began D. rose 13. A. singing B. jumping C. playing D. lying 14. A. run B. follow C. walk D. go 15. A. Pretty Dog B. That Dog C. Stray Dog D. Brave Dog 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一只流浪狗起初又脏又瘦，Mattie不顾爸爸的反感偷偷照顾它，后来寒冬里Mattie外出迷路并摔倒受伤，这只狗一直陪伴她、为她取暖，还通过吠叫引来家人，此后这只狗便被作者一家接纳的故事。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们初见它时，它浑身脏兮兮的，还瘦得皮包骨头，根本不值得多看一眼。A. pretty漂亮的、可爱的；B. frightening吓人的、令人害怕的；C. dirty脏的、污秽的；D. smart聪明的、机灵的。根据下文“skinny-ribbed (皮包骨头的)”以及作者的吼叫下文“____ that stray (流浪的) dog!”可推测，此时的小狗脏兮兮的，贴合流浪狗的外在状态，符合语境。故选C。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们初见它时，它浑身脏兮兮的，还瘦得皮包骨头，根本不值得多看一眼。A. hardly几乎不、简直不；B. usually通常、平常；C. actually实际上、事实上；D. really真正地、确实。根据上文“When we saw it first, it was very ____ and skinny-ribbed (皮包骨头的), ____ worth a second look.”可知，小狗又脏又皮包骨头，因此是几乎不值得多看一眼。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我朝她大喊：“离那只流浪狗远点！你知道爸爸最讨厌流浪狗了。”A. Keep保持、保留；B. Feed喂养、饲养；C. Leave远离、离开；D. Catch抓住、捉住。根据下文“You know Dad ____  stray dogs.”以及爸爸对小狗最初的态度可知，作者是大喊让Mattie远离这只流浪狗。故选C。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我朝她大喊：“离那只流浪狗远点！你知道爸爸最讨厌流浪狗了。”A. loves喜爱、热爱；B. dislikes不喜欢、厌恶；C. raises饲养、养育；D. pities同情、怜悯。根据上文“____ that stray (流浪的) dog!”可知，作者阻止Mattie靠近流浪狗；再根据后文爸爸发现小狗后让Mattie远离小狗可推测，爸爸不喜欢小狗。故选B。 5. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：可Mattie却反驳道：“别叫它流浪狗，它长得很好看，我要照顾它。”A. take care of照顾、照料；B. look for寻找、找寻；C. wait for等待、等候；D. get rid of摆脱、除去。根据下文“She talked to it, played with it and fed it.”可知，Mattie要照顾这只小狗。故选A。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这一切，她们都是偷偷进行的。A. carefully仔细地、小心地；B. especially尤其、特别；C. entirely完全地、全然地；D. secretly秘密地、私下地。根据下文“One day, Dad discovered it.”可知，这一切都是偷偷进行、瞒着爸爸的。故选D。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“Mattie！离那只狗远点！”爸爸大喊道。A. added补充说、增加；B. shouted大喊、呼喊；C. asked询问、请求；D. advised建议、劝告。根据上文可知，爸爸不喜欢小狗；再根据爸爸所说的话““Mattie! Get away from That Dog!””可看出爸爸此时很生气，自然是严厉的语气。故选B。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个寒冬的日子，爸爸出门钓鱼。A. boating划船、泛舟；B. shopping购物、买东西；C. fishing钓鱼、垂钓；D. jogging慢跑、缓步跑。根据下文“A few hours later, Dad came home, with a basket of fish in his hand.”以及““But she never came to the lake. Come on, we must find her.””可推测，爸爸是去钓鱼了。故选C。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和妈妈都懵了，我俩都以为Mattie跟对方在一起。A. thinking认为、想；B. seeing看见、看到；C. remembering记得、记起；D. saying说、讲。根据空后上文“Mom and I were in confusion”以及“Mattie was with the other.”可知，爸爸询问Mattie的下落，妈妈和作者都很困惑中，说明双方都以Mattie和对方在一起。故选A。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们心里满是对她安全的担忧，立刻匆匆出门寻找。A. serious严肃的、严重的；B. crazy疯狂的、痴迷的；C. angry生气的、愤怒的；D. anxious焦虑的、担忧的。根据下文“about her safety that we hurried out.”可知，得知Mattie不见后，众人担心她的安全。故选D。 11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：可找了半天，却始终不见她的踪影。A. Instead反而、却；B. However然而、可是；C. Finally最后、最终；D. Anyway无论如何、不管怎样。根据空后“we didn’t find her.”可知，作者一家外出寻找但是并没有找到，存在转折关系。故选B。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，传来了几声狗吠。A. came传来、到来；B. went去、走；C. began开始、着手；D. rose升起、上升。分析句子成分可知，本句是英语倒装结构，句型“there came...”专门用于表达“传来……声音”、贴合突然传来狗叫声的语境。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“是那只狗的声音！”我们循着这清脆响亮的叫声找去，终于发现Mattie正躺在一棵倒下的大树下。A. singing唱歌、歌唱；B. jumping跳、跳跃；C. playing玩耍、嬉戏；D. lying躺、平躺。根据下文“Mattie said, “We got lost. Then I fell and hurt my foot so I couldn’t ____ . Pretty Dog kept me warm.””可知，Mattie无法行走，应该是躺在树下。故选D。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mattie说：“我迷路了，后来摔了一跤，脚受了伤，根本走不了路，是Pretty Dog一直挨着我，给我取暖。”A. run跑、奔跑；B. follow跟随、跟着；C. walk走、步行；D. go去、前往。根据上文“Then I fell and hurt my foot”可推测，由于脚受伤，Mattie应该是无法行走。故选C。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记不清是谁先喊出了“勇敢狗”这个名字，但从那以后，这就成了它的名字。A. Pretty Dog漂亮狗；B. That Dog那只狗；C. Stray Dog流浪狗；D. Brave Dog勇敢狗。根据文章第一段“Brave Dog wasn’t always its name”可推测，这只狗在Mattie受伤迷路时，一直陪伴她、给她取暖，还通过吠叫引来家人救援，其行为展现了勇敢的特质，因此众人开始叫Brave Dog，与文章首尾呼应。故选D。 ( 11 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 课时作业01 Welcome to the unit & Reading (Unit 1 Nature in the balance ) 01 基础练 02 提升练 03 培优练 单词拼写 1. I use my photography to make an i________(影响) on people. 2. It is well-known that smoking can d________ (损害) our health. 3. Following a mass e________(灭绝), ecosystems were left unstable, creating opportunities for the surviving species to diversify and evolve into new forms. 4. Yellowstone National Park is famous for the ________(多样性) of its wildlife. 5. The old traditions in some villages are starting to ________(消失) because of the influence of modern life. 6. If you are fully prepared, you will have a better chance to s________ the earthquake. 7. The popular science book successfully explained complex theories to the general public, appealing to the m________ rather than just experts. 8. He went to great l________ to fulfill his ambition to become the best basketball player in China. 9. The l________ are more important to us than the dead. 10. B________ the surface of the water, you could see a variety of colorful fish. 短语互译 1. ________________相应地,转而  2. ________________使分解(为),使变化(成)  3. ________________给……带来起色,注入活力  4. ________________由于,因为  5. ________________逐渐增加,扩大  6. be home to ________________ 7. be alive with ________________ 8. play a role in ________________ 9. take in ________________ 10. feed on ________________ 完成句子 1. 这条河是那条河的两倍长。(倍数表达) ________________________________________________________________ 2. 山脚下坐落着一个宁静的村庄。(完全倒装/lie) ________________________________________________________________ 3. 如果时间许可的话，我们就去你家。(独立主格) ________________, we’ll go to your house. 4. Judging from his ________ look , he was ________.从他惊恐的表情判断，他非常害怕。 5. 锻炼不仅能增强我们的身体，而且还能让我们有时间放松和清新我们的大脑，使我们更快更长久地记住东西。(not only 位于句首) ________________________________, but also it provides us with time to relax and refresh our mind, making us memorize things faster and longer. 6. 文化交流项目有助于打破不同国家和民族之间的隔阂。(break down) Cultural exchange programs help to ________________ between different countries and peoples. 7. 努力学习能提高成绩，成绩提高反过来又会增强我们的学习信心。 Hard work improves grades, which ________ ________ boosts our confidence in learning. 8. 我发现很难在梦想和生活之间找到平衡，尤其是我的学业，由于长时间的训练以及随之而来的精神高度紧张，我的学业日渐退步。 I find it challenging to balance between my dream and my life, especially my schoolwork, which ________________________________ of training and ________________________________. 9. 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于在雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn’t about ________________________, but how to dance in the rain. 10. 因双亲早亡，他十几岁的时候就不得不独自谋生。 Since his parents died early, he had to ________________________________ when he was a teenager. 单句语法填空 1. We need to measure the ________(long) and width of the room before buying furniture.   2. Conservationists are trying to save the whale from ________(extinct). 3. Studying regularly helps build confidence, which ________ turn leads to better performance in exams. 4. The soldiers did all they could to rescue the only ________(survive) regardless of the danger of aftershocks. 5. As the world’s first national park, Yellowstone is famous for the ________(vary) of its wildlife. 6. Modern ________ needs to become more eco-friendly, and ________ experts are working on new solutions. (agriculture) 7. When the spaceship entered the black hole, it seemed to ________ completely, and the sudden ________ left scientists puzzled about the laws of physics in such extreme conditions. (disappear) 8. In this ________, the ________ traditional music festival draws crowds every autumn. (region) 9. Marie Curie’s ________ mind kept her passion for science ________, and her discoveries continue to help people make a better ________ today. (live) 10. The museum’s popularity is largely due ________ its interactive exhibitions, which appeal ________ visitors of all ages. 句型转换 1. Because the weather conditions were bad, the outdoor concert was canceled. (同义转换) The outdoor concert was canceled ________ ________ the bad weather conditions. 2. The car broke down. I hired the car last month. (合并句子，斜体为从句) ________________________________________________________________ 导定语从句，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为The car (which/that) I hired last month broke down. 3. All regular flights were cancelled due to the flood that had struck the city for days. (对划线部分进行强调) ________________________________________________________________ 4. The size of the newly broadened library is three times what the previous one was. (句型转换) ①The newly broadened library is ________________ the previous one. ②The newly broadened library is ________________ the previous one. ③The newly broadened library is ________________ the previous one. 5. The reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman’s family survived the earthquake.(合并成定语从句) ________________________________________________________________ 6. An increasing number of species have died out on our planet because of global warming. (同义句转换) An increasing number of species have died out on our planet ________ ________ global warming. 7. Finally, he sang one of his new songs at his concert. (句型转换) His concert ________ ________ one of his new songs. 8. It is reported that police are looking into this case at present. (句型转换) Police are reported ________ ________ ________ ________ this case at present. 9. The Wonderland Alice travelled in her dream was underground. (句型转换) The Wonderland Alice travelled in her dream was ________ ________ ________. 10. Food is important for a culture’s celebrations or traditions. (句型转换) Food ________ ________ ________ ________ in a culture’s celebrations or traditions. 课文语法填空 The Amazon rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, plays a significant role 1. ________ maintaining the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. It 2. ________(cross)into eight countries, 3. ________(include) Brazil and Peru. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is 4. ________ than half the size of China. More than 40,000 species of plants can 5. ________(find)in the Amazon. The forest’s different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable 6. ________(vary)of wildlife. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life. The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by 7. ________(fix) carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen, 8. ________ is known as the “lungs of the planet”. Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. 9. ________,over the past 50 years,17 per cent of the rainforest 10. ________(disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.  阅读理解 A Beyond a pile of hay bales(干草捆), past the site of Indiana’s first ground-testing competition, high school students in this eastern town walk down a grassy hill to reach their newest classroom: a fenced-in(围栏围住的) field of cattle. Starting next school year, the animals, with names like Ground Round and Honey Bear, will be fed by students taking an agricultural(农业的) science class. When they are fat enough, they will be fed back to their caretakers — as beef burgers on lunchroom plates. Hagerstown, population 1, 769, is among rural communities facing population drop and the weakening of agricultural ties. Schools are turning to hands-on agricultural classes that supply cheaper, healthier lunchroom food. Hagerstown schools have lost enough students since 2010 to cause a big drop in per-pupil funding. School officials say the cattle program — informally “Where’s the Beef?”— will save at least $2, 000 each year and offer more job training. Even here, Wayne County lost 89 farms between 2007 and 2012. “Most of our students come from town,” said senior Macy Felton. “They can point out that’s a cow, but they wouldn’t know what to do with them.” Agricultural mechanics teacher Nathan Williamson proposed the cattle class: students would learn farming skills and animal health science while replacing 5, 000 pounds of bought hamburger beef. “Right now, beef prices are going through the roof,” he said. Students put up a fence around 10 acres for the herd(畜群), with community donations. Extra support will fund future farm animals. Some students, like Garrett Blevins, now hope to pursue animal science jobs. Others aren’t too worried that pupils might grow too attached to the animals. 1. Where is the students’ newest classroom? A. A busy downtown. B. A field of cattle. C. A campus lab. D. A school lunchroom. 2. What benefits does the cattle program bring? A. Restoring farms across the county. B. Raising more young local farmers. C. Serving chicken raised by students. D. Reducing costs and offering training. 3. What can we infer about the students’ knowledge of cows? A. They often work on farms after school. B. They can name cows like Ground Round. C. They know little about how to raise them. D. They understand farming techniques well. 4. According to the last paragraph, the cattle class is mainly ________. A. Short-sighted. B. Money-wasted. C. Interest-raising. D. Skill-enhancing. B In the animal kingdom, killer whales(虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in varied family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds. Some ocean animals maintain social structures — including male dolphins that learn the “names” of their close allies(盟友). But there is little data about wild killer whales. That’s where drone(无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales. The researchers recorded over 800 instances of physical contact between individuals. Those included hugs, back-to-back and nose-to-nose touches between pairs of whales. Other whales playfully threw young whales into the air, letting them fall into the water. Besides, the drone images revealed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one “best friend” of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,” Weiss says. The young led most of these interactions, rather than the older females or males. Older males in particular were less important. “The young individuals really seem to be the glue(胶水) holding the groups together,” Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual loss of “centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” to Stacey Tecot, who wasn’t involved in the study. “Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That’s certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss. 5. What does the underlined word “rival” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Prevent. B. Match. C. Prefer. D. Attack. 6. What is new about Weiss’ research? A. The research method. B. The variety of species. C. The size of the research team. D. The time spent on the research. 7. What did Weiss find about J49 and J51? A. They have a lasting friendship. B. Their interactions are more complicated. C. Their communicating ways change frequently. D. They prefer playing with young female whales. 8. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More researchers will take part in the study. B. Other scientists take a negative attitude to the research. C. Researchers will collect more data to study killer whales. D. Researchers will uncover the social aging trend in animals soon. 完形填空 Brave Dog wasn’t always its name. When we saw it first, it was very 1 and skinny-ribbed (皮包骨头的), 2 worth a second look. “What a pretty dog!” Mattie said and walked happily towards it. I shouted at her, “ 3 that stray(流浪的) dog! You know Dad 4 stray dogs.” But Mattie replied, “Don’t call it Stray Dog. It’s a pretty dog and I will 5 it.” To Mattie, it was Pretty Dog. She talked to it, played with it and fed it. It followed her everywhere. Both 6 . One day, Dad discovered it. “Mattie! Get away from That Dog!” Dad 7 . So Stray Dog became That Dog. One cold winter day, Dad went 8 . Mattie wanted to go, too, but Dad didn’t allow. A few hours later, Dad came home, with a basket of fish in his hand. “Where is Mattie?” Dad asked. Mom and I were in confusion, both 9 Mattie was with the other. “Maybe she went after you.” “But she never came to the lake. Come on, we must find her.” We were so 10 about her safety that we hurried out. 11 , we didn’t find her. Suddenly, there 12 some dog barks(吠叫). “It’s That Dog!” Following the sharp loud sound of the dog, we found Mattie 13 under a fallen tree. We felt relaxed. Mattie said, “We got lost. Then I fell and hurt my foot so I couldn’t 14 . Pretty Dog kept me warm.” I don’t remember who started calling it 15 , but that was its name from then on. 1. A. pretty B. frightening C. dirty D. smart 2. A. hardly B. usually C. actually D. really 3. A. Keep B. Feed C. Leave D. Catch 4. A. loves B. dislikes C. raises D. pities 5. A. take care of B. look for C. wait for D. get rid of 6. A. carefully B. especially C. entirely D. secretly 7. A. added B. shouted C. asked D. advised 8. A. boating B. shopping C. fishing D. jogging 9. A. thinking B. seeing C. remembering D. saying 10. A. serious B. crazy C. angry D. anxious 11. A. Instead B. However C. Finally D. Anyway 12. A. came B. went C. began D. rose 13. A. singing B. jumping C. playing D. lying 14. A. run B. follow C. walk D. go 15. A. Pretty Dog B. That Dog C. Stray Dog D. Brave Dog ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $