Units 1-2知识点总结 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

2026最新外研版英语八年级下册Units 1-2知识点总结 作者:邓华 Unit 1 Career talks ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 一. 重点短语 use to do sth 用于做某事 an important part of... ......重要的一部分 keep sth in my memory 我记得某事 all over到处,各处 remind of 使想起;联想到 bit by bit 一点一点地,逐渐地 be considered sth 被认为是 a source of... ......的来源/原因 because of由于;因为 from...to... 从......到...... mouse catcher 捕鼠人 on the way in 兴起;正在成为趋势 spring up 突然出现 pay on one`s own 自费 meet needs 满足......需求 make money 挣钱 be replaced by被......取代; 用......替换 there may be 可能有;也许会 sign up for 报名;注册 二. 重点句型 1. All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory.我会永远记得那些在空中的日子。 2. I still remember my first summer as a "spiderman".我依然记得我成为“蜘蛛人的第一个夏天。 3. I was wet all over. 我浑身湿透了. 4. I watched her grow bit by bit. 我看着她一点一点地成长。 5. Window cleaning is not always considered a good job, but I`ll never regret it.窗户清洁工作并不总是被认为是一份好工作,但我永远不会后悔。 6. The city shines brighter because of us, and the job will make us shine, too.城市因为我们更加明亮,而这份工作也会让我们大显身手。 7. Which jobs will soon be history, and which ones are on the way in? 哪些工作即将成为历史,哪些工作正在兴起? 8. Some traditional jobs are disappearing. However, new ones are springing up to meet new needs. 一些传统的工作正在消失,而新的工作正在涌现出来,以满足新的需求。 9. They may s0on be replaced by machines. 他们可能很快就会被机器取代。 三. 语法要点 被动语态(1)【Passive Voice( )】 一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态(1)【Passive in the simple present and the simple future( )】 一). 基本概念:被动语态(Passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式。通常,当强调动作承受者,不知道或者没有必要说出动作的执行者时,大多使用被动语态。但只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词(包括带有同源宾语的动词及反身代词的动词)和系动词均无被动语态。 二). 基本结构: 1. 被动语态构成 :be + P.P(动词的过去分词) 2、形式: 1). 一般现在时:am/is/are + P.P 例如:Computers are used (by us) every day. 2). 一般将来时:will +be + p.p 例如:The result will be put up on the school website. 三).基本用法: 1). 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者时 (这时可省 by 短语)。例如: Jane`s bike was stolen last night. Computers are used (by us) every day. 2). 侧重动作的承受者,强调某事/事物如何。例如:This book is loved by children. 3). 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例如: I was given 5 minutes to decide whether I should go or stay. 4). 为了更好地安排句子。例如: The singer got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (本句只需要一个主语) 5). 汉语句子中含有“被”、“由”等字时。例如:Jim is asked to go by Mr. Li. 6). 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如:Chairman Mao was born in 1893. 四).总结 1).一般现在时态被动语态的句式结构: ①. 肯定句:主语 + am / is / are +动词过去分词 ( + by +动作执行者)例如: This song is still loved by many young people today.这首歌现在仍然受到许多年轻人的喜爱。(肯定句) ②. 否定句: 主语 +am /is/ are + not+动词过去分词(+ by +动作执行者)例如: This camera is not made in Japan.这部相机不是日本制造的。(否定句) ③. 一般疑问句:Am/Is/ Are +主语+动词过去分词(+by +动作执行者)例如: -Is the animation called Snow White and the Seven Dwarf?这部动画片是叫《白雪公主和七个小矮人》 吗? (一般疑问句) -Yes, it s. / No, it isn't.是的。/不是。 . 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ am / is / are +主语十动词过去分词(+ by +动作执行者),例如: -How many people are mentioned in the conversation? 对话中提到了几个人?(特殊疑问句) -Two.两个。 2).一般将来时的被动语态句式基本结构: 主语 + will / be (am/ is/ are) going to + be +动词过去分词(+ by +动作执行者)。 The result will be put up on the school website. 结果将被公布在学校的网站上。(肯定句) The result won`t be put up on the school website. 结果将不会被公布在学校的网站上。(否定句) Will cashiers be replaced by machines in the future?未来收银员会被机器取代吗?(一般疑问句) The decision is going to be announced soon.决定将很快被公布。(肯定句) -How many people will be mentioned in the conversation? 多少人将会在对话中提到?(特殊疑问句) -Two.两个。 注意:被动语态的动词形式为"be +动词过去分词”,其中be为助动词,它的形式会根据不同人称和时态发生相应的变化。 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 一. 重点短语 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 out of breath气喘吁吁 promise to do sth许诺做某事 keep one's promise守信,遵守诺言 head back往回走。 be cross with sb对某人生气或不满 be disappointed at对......很失望 fail to do sth未能做到...... can't help (doing) sth忍不住/不能停止做某事 take sb's mind off sth使某人不再去想/担忧某事” fall in love with...坠入情网爱上......; 钟情于...... take a turn发生变化,产生转变 fall upon sb /sth突然发生/降临在某人/某物身上 二. 重点句型 1. Mum is sitting in the living room, worried. 妈妈坐在客厅里,满脸忧虑。 2. The clock reads 10:27 pm. 时钟显示的时间是晚上十点二十七分。 3. I promised to be back before 9 tonight. 没错,我承诺过今晚九点前回来。 4. The promise wasn't kept, so you can't stay out late next time.你没有遵守诺言,所以下次你不能在外面待得太晚了。 5. I am sorry for being cross with you.对不起,我对你发脾气了。 6. Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team.那时候,我因为个子太矮没能进入篮球队,感到非常失望。 7. I couldn't help laughing at my heartbreaking words then.当时那些令人心碎的话让我忍不住笑了出来。 8. At first, I swam just to take my mind off things.起初,我只是为了转移注意力才游泳的。 9. But soon, I fell completely in love with the sport.但很快,我彻底爱上了这项运动。 10. My life has taken a different turn.我的生活有了不同的转变。 11. It may fall upon us at any stage in our lives.在生活的任何阶段,它都可能发生在我们身上。 三. 语法要点 被动语态(2)【Passive Voice( )】 一)、一般过去时的被动语态(Passive in the simple past) 1.基本结构: Was / were +P.P(动词的过去分词)。例如:Many trees were planted by them last year. 2.基本用法: 1). 一般过去时的被动语态的肯定句式结构为:主语+ Was / were +动词过去分词(+ by +动作执行者) 例如:Bob was encouraged to train for the high jump. Bob被鼓励参加跳高训练。(本句的主动语态句式为:The school encouraged Bob to train for the high jump.学校鼓励Bob参加跳高训练。通过对比可以看出,被动语态的句子是把主动语态中的宾语提到了主语位置,宾语补足语的位置则不变。需要应注意的是:基于被动语态的特点:被动语态强调动作承受者,而不强调动作执行者。因此这样的句子往往不需要提到动作的执行者。) 2). 一般过去时的被动语态的否定句式结构为:主语+ Was / were not+动词过去分词(+ by +动作执行者)。例如:Bob was not encouraged to train for the high jump. 3). 一般过去时的被动语态的一般疑问句式结构为:Was / Were +主语+动词过去分词(+ by +动作执行者)+? 例如:Many trees were planted by them last year. 4). 一般过去时的被动语态的特殊疑问句式结构为: 特殊疑问词+主语+ was / were +动词过去分词(+ by +动作执行者)+?例如:How many trees were planted by them last year? 二)、被动语态用法总结: 1. 各种时态的主动语态和被动语态结构总结(以do为例): 时 态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/ does am / is/ are +done 一般过去时 did was / were +done 一般将来时 will/ be (am / is /are) going to + do will / be (am/is/ are) going to + be +done 现在进行时态 am / is /are+ doing is/am/ are + being + done 现在完成时 have /has + done have/has + been +done 2. 被动语态的各种句式结构总结(以do为例): 句式 时态 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 一般 现在时 主语 + am / is / are + done 主语+ am / is / are + not +done Am / Is / Are +主语+ done 特殊疑问词+ am / is / are + 主语+done 一般 过去时 主语+ was / were + done 主语+ was / were + not + done Was /Were +主语+ done 特殊疑问词+Was/ were +主语+done 一般 将来时 主语十will / be (am/is/ are) going to + be +done 主语will not / be (am/is/ are) not going to + be +done Will/ Be(Am/Is/Are) going to + be +done 特殊疑问词+will/ be(am/is/are) going to +主语+ be +done 现在 完成时 主语+have /has + been + done 主语+have /has + not + been + done Have /Has +主语 + been + done 特殊疑问词+have/ has +主语 + been + done 3. 含情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be +PP(动词的过去分词)。例如: Many trees should be planted by us. $