Unit 1same or different 词汇知识点复习 2025-2026学年鲁教版（五四学制）七年级英语下册

新鲁教版七下Unit 1 same or different 词汇知识点复习清单（中考热点版+丰富拓展） 本清单结合课本主题、中考高频考点，在原有基础上补充词形变化、中考易混辨析、特殊用法、拓展搭配，适配中考题型（单选、完形、写作），每类词汇附音标、核心考点、拓展内容及例句， 一、比较与对比类 单词/短语 音标 核心考点与搭配 中考拓展（易混/变形/特殊用法） 例句 compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较；对比• compare A with B（把A和B作比较）• compare A to B（把A比作B） 派生词：comparison (n. 比较)；comparative (adj. 比较的)中考易错：被动形式be compared with/to写作拓展：in comparison with（与……相比） People often compare life to a journey.In comparison with last year, our grades improved a lot. as ... as ... — 像……一样……• 中间用形容词/副词原级• 否定：not as/so ... as ...（不如……） 中考考点：原级比较的倍数表达：倍数+as+原级+as易错：中间不可加比较级/最高级 He is as tall as his father.This room is twice as big as that one. less /les/ adj./adv./pron. 较少的；更少地；较少• little的比较级，修饰不可数名词/动词• 搭配：less than（少于）；less and less（越来越少） 中考拓展：less+形容词/副词原级=反义词比较级（less important=more unimportant）易混：fewer（few的比较级，修饰可数名词） I have less time to read now.There are fewer apples in the basket than before. average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj./n. 平均的；平均数• 搭配：on average（平均来看）；above/below average（高于/低于平均水平） 派生词：averagely (adv. 平均地)中考句型：The average age of ... is ...写作拓展：on average而言，可用于数据描述 On average, we spend 2 hours on homework every day.The average temperature in summer is about 30℃. 二、人物描述类 单词 音标 核心考点与搭配 中考拓展（易混/变形/特殊用法） 例句 shy /ʃaɪ/ adj. 害羞的• 派生词：shyness (n. 害羞) 中考考点：比较级/最高级：shyer/shier → shyest/shiest搭配拓展：be shy of doing sth.（羞于做某事） The little girl is very shy in front of strangers.She is shy of speaking English in public. lazy /ˈleɪzi/ adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的• 反义词：hard-working 中考考点：比较级/最高级：lazier → laziest（辅音+y结尾，变y为i+er/est）派生词：laziness (n. 懒惰) He is too lazy to clean his room.His laziness makes him fall behind other students. loud /laʊd/ adv./adj. 响亮地；大声的• 副词形式：loudly（更强调“吵闹地”） 中考易混：aloud/loud/loudly→ aloud（出声地，如read aloud）；loud（修饰speak/laugh，放动词后）；loudly（任意位置，表“喧闹”） Please speak loud so that everyone can hear you.He read the text aloud in class. outgoing /ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的• 反义词：shy / quiet 中考考点：比较级/最高级：more outgoing → most outgoing（多音节词）写作搭配：be outgoing and easy-going（外向随和） My deskmate is very outgoing and makes friends easily. hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 勤奋的• 同义：diligent 中考拓展：合成形容词，不可分开写搭配：a hard-working student/worker反义拓展：lazy / idle（闲散的） She is a hard-working student and always gets good grades. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严肃的；严重的• 搭配：be serious about（对……认真） 中考考点：比较级/最高级：more serious → most serious派生词：seriously (adv. 认真地；严重地)交际用语：Take it seriously.（认真对待） He looks very serious when he is working.You should take your study seriously. slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的；薄的• 同义：thin（slim更偏“健康的瘦”） 中考考点：比较级/最高级：slimmer → slimmest（重读闭音节，双写m+er/est）搭配：keep slim（保持苗条）；a slim chance（渺茫的机会） She wants to keep slim by exercising every day.We have a slim chance to win the game. appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ n. 外表；露面• 动词形式：appear (v. 出现；显得) 中考拓展：不可数（表“外表”）；可数（表“露面”）搭配：in appearance（外表上）；make an appearance（露面）反义：disappearance (n. 消失) Don't judge a person only by his appearance.He made his first appearance on TV at 10. personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格；品质• 搭配：a strong personality（鲜明的个性） 中考考点：复数：personalities派生词：personal (adj. 个人的)；personally (adv. 就个人而言)写作搭配：have a good personality（性格好） Her personality makes her very popular.Personally, I like a person with a warm personality. pleasant /ˈpleznt/ adj. 宜人的；友好的• 同义：nice / friendly 中考易混：pleasant/pleased/pleasing→ pleasant（修饰事物，如pleasant weather）；pleased（修饰人，be pleased with）；pleasing（令人愉悦的，可指人/物） We had a pleasant trip to the countryside.She is pleased with her son's progress. difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. 差异• 形容词：different；搭配：make a difference（有影响） 中考考点：复数：differences派生词：differ (v. 不同，differ from)搭配拓展：tell the difference between A and B（区分A和B） There are many differences between the two cultures.Your help can make a big difference to my life. alike /əˈlaɪk/ adj./adv. 相像的；相似地• 用法：作表语，不能作定语 中考易错：不可说an alike girl，可说a similar girl搭配：look alike（长得像）；think alike（想法一致）同义：similar (adj.，可作定语/表语) The twins look very much alike.My sister and I think alike on most things. mirror /ˈmɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子• 搭配：look at oneself in the mirror（照镜子） 中考拓展：比喻义（核心考点）：a mirror of...（……的镜子，如a mirror of society）动词用法：mirror (v. 反映，如The lake mirrors the sky.) She looked at herself in the mirror.Her words are a mirror of her true thoughts. humour /ˈhjuːmə(r)/ n. 幽默；幽默感• 形容词：humorous (adj. 幽默的) 中考考点：美式拼写：humor搭配拓展：a sense of humour（幽默感，写作高频）同义：funniness (n.)，但humour更正式 He has a good sense of humour.The teacher is very humorous and his classes are interesting. opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 看法；意见• 搭配：in one's opinion（在某人看来） 中考考点：不可数（表“观点”）；可数（表“具体看法”，an opinion）搭配拓展：express one's opinion（表达观点）；ask for sb.'s opinion（征求意见）写作高频：用于议论文开头/结尾 In my opinion, we should take more exercise.She expressed her opinion about the plan at the meeting. straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/ adj. 坦率的；简单的• 同义：direct / honest；搭配：a straightforward answer（直截了当的回答） 中考拓展：副词：straightforwardly双重含义：①性格坦率（形容人）；②事情简单（形容物，a straightforward task） He gave a straightforward answer to the question.This is a straightforward problem to solve. honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的• 反义词：dishonest；搭配：be honest with sb.（对某人坦诚） 中考考点：冠词用法：an honest man（h不发音，元音音素开头）派生词：honesty (n. 诚实，写作高频)搭配拓展：to be honest（说实话，交际/写作高频） It is important to be honest with your friends.To be honest, I don't agree with your idea. direct /daɪˈrekt; dəˈrekt/ adj. 率直的；直接的；v. 指导；指向• 副词：directly；搭配：direct contact（直接接触） 中考考点：形容词比较级/最高级：more direct → most direct动词搭配：direct sb. to do sth.（指导某人做某事）；direct at（指向）易混：directly / immediately（均表“立刻”，可互换） He is very direct and always says what he thinks.The teacher directed us to finish the task on time. similarity /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/ n. 相似之处• 形容词：similar；搭配：similarity between A and B（A与B的相似性） 中考考点：复数：similarities搭配拓展：have similarities with（与……有相似之处）反义：difference (n.) There are many similarities between the two books.My new dress has similarities with yours. friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友谊；友情• 搭配：build / develop a friendship（建立/发展友谊） 中考考点：不可数（表“友谊”）；可数（表“一段友谊”，a friendship）搭配拓展：true friendship（真挚的友谊）；keep a friendship（维持友谊）写作高频：友谊类话题必备 True friendship is worth more than money.We have built a close friendship since childhood. character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ n. 人物；个性；品格• 搭配：a good character（良好的品格）；a main character（主要人物） 中考双义考点：①小说/电影的“人物”（可数）；②人的“品格/个性”（不可数）派生词：characteristic (adj. 特有的；n. 特征)搭配：character building（品格培养） The main character in the story is a brave boy.A person with a strong character never gives up. 三、动作与能力类 单词/短语 音标 核心考点与搭配 中考拓展（易混/变形/特殊用法） 例句 perform /pəˈfɔːm/ v. 表演；执行• 名词：performance (n. 表演；表现) 中考考点：派生词performance（高频，单选/写作）搭配拓展：perform well in（在……中表现好）；perform an operation（做手术）同义：act (v. 表演)；do (v. 执行) She will perform a dance at the party.He performed well in the English exam. solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决；解答• 搭配：solve a problem / a puzzle 中考考点：写作高频，表“解决问题”不可用answer（answer接question）派生词：solution (n. 解决办法，搭配a solution to the problem)搭配拓展：solve a conflict（解决矛盾） We need to solve this problem as soon as possible.There is no simple solution to the environmental problem. attend /əˈtend/ v. 参加；出席；照顾• 搭配：attend a meeting / class / wedding 中考核心易混：attend/join/join in/take part in→ attend（到场，不强调参与）；join（加入组织/团体）；join in/take part in（参与活动，take part in更正式）拓展义：attend to（照顾，如attend to a patient） I will attend a meeting this afternoon.He joined the English club last term. spare /speə(r)/ adj./v. 空闲的；抽出；拨出• 搭配：spare time（空闲时间）；spare sb. some time（为某人腾出时间） 中考考点：形容词作定语：spare time/money（空闲时间/闲钱）搭配拓展：spare no effort to do sth.（不遗余力做某事，写作高频）同义：free (adj. 空闲的)，但spare更正式 I like reading in my spare time.We should spare no effort to protect the environment. make a mistake — 犯错误• 同义：make an error 中考拓展：复数：make mistakes搭配：make a mistake in doing sth.（做某事犯错）；correct a mistake（改正错误）写作句型：It's common for sb. to make mistakes.（某人犯错很正常） It's okay to make a mistake; just learn from it.He made a mistake in spelling this word. exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ v. & n. 交换；交流• 搭配：exchange A for B（用A换B）；exchange ideas（交流想法） 中考考点：派生词：exchangeable (adj. 可交换的)搭配拓展：exchange students（交换生，中考话题高频）；exchange gifts（交换礼物）名词搭配：an exchange of views（交流观点） We exchanged our phone numbers.She is an exchange student from Canada. expect /ɪkˈspekt/ v. 预料；期待；认为• 搭配：expect to do sth.（期待做某事）；expect sb. to do sth.（期待某人做某事） 中考考点：否定转移：I don't expect he will come.（我认为他不会来）派生词：expectation (n. 期待，beyond expectation 超出期待)搭配拓展：as expected（正如所料） I expect to finish the work by Friday.He didn't pass the exam, which was beyond our expectation. care about — 关心；担心；在意• 区分：care about（关心/在意）；care for（照顾/喜欢） 中考易混：care about/care for/take care of→ take care of = look after（照顾，侧重动作）；care for（照顾，侧重情感，可指照顾老人/病人）否定：not care about（不在意，如He doesn't care about his grades.） She really cares about the environment.She cares for her sick grandmother every day. reach /riːtʃ/ v. 伸手；到达；达成• 短语：reach for（伸手触碰）；reach a conclusion（得出结论） 中考考点：及物动词，后直接接地点（不用加to，区别于arrive/get）易混：reach/arrive/get→ arrive in+大地点/at+小地点；get to+地点拓展搭配：reach an agreement（达成协议）；reach sb.（联系某人） He reached for the book on the shelf.We reached Beijing at 8 p.m. yesterday. touch /tʌtʃ/ v. 触动；触碰；接触；n. 触摸；联系• 搭配：touch one's heart（触动人心）；keep in touch（保持联系） 中考考点：词性转换（v./n.）均为高频搭配拓展：get in touch with（与……取得联系）；lose touch with（与……失去联系）形容词：touched（感动的，修饰人）；touching（令人感动的，修饰物） His story touched my heart.We keep in touch with each other by WeChat. lend (sb) a hand — 帮助（某人）• 同义：give sb. a hand / help sb. 中考拓展：同义短语（写作/交际高频）：do sb. a favour；give a hand to sb.搭配：lend a hand with sth.（帮忙做某事）反义：refuse to help sb.（拒绝帮助某人） I'll lend you a hand with your homework.Could you do me a favour to carry this box? 四、名词与抽象概念类 单词 音标 核心考点与搭配 中考拓展（易混/变形/特殊用法） 例句 strength /streŋθ/ n. 优势；力量；长处• 形容词：strong；动词：strengthen (v. 加强) 中考双义考点：①身体“力量”；②个人/团队“优势/长处”（写作高频）搭配拓展：one's strengths and weaknesses（某人的优缺点，写作必备）；build up one's strength（强身健体）易混：power（权力/能量）；force（武力/外力） His strength is his ability to work under pressure.We should know our own strengths and weaknesses. fact /fækt/ n. 事实；现实• 搭配：in fact（事实上） 中考考点：固定句型：in fact / as a matter of fact（事实上，转折连词，相当于but）搭配拓展：the fact is that...（事实是……）；face the fact（面对现实）派生词：factual (adj. 事实的) In fact, I don't like coffee at all.The fact is that he doesn't have enough time to finish the work. population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 人口• 用法：表示“人口多少”用large / small，不用many / few 中考核心考点（单选高频）：1. 提问人口：What's the population of...?2. 人口比例：...of the population（谓语动词看of前的名词）3. 表达“有……人口”：have a population of... The population of this city is about 1 million.China has a population of about 1.4 billion. rainfall /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ n. 降雨量• 复合词：rain + fall 中考拓展：不可数名词搭配：annual rainfall（年降雨量）；above-average rainfall（高于平均降雨量）同类复合词：snowfall（降雪量）；sunshine（阳光） The rainfall this year is much less than usual.The annual rainfall in this area is about 1000 mm. interest /ˈɪntrəst/ n./v. 业余爱好；兴趣；使感兴趣• 形容词：interested（人对……感兴趣）；interesting（事物有趣） 中考核心考点（单选/完形高频）：1. 词性转换：n.（兴趣/爱好）/v.（使感兴趣）2. 固定搭配：show interest in...；be interested in...；interest sb. in sth.3. 可数/不可数：表“爱好”可数（have many interests）；表“兴趣”不可数 I have a lot of interests, like music and sports.This book interests me a lot. novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. 小说；adj. 新颖的；新奇的 中考考点：双义：n.（小说，同义：fiction）/adj.（新颖的，同义：new/original）搭配：a science fiction novel（科幻小说）；a novel idea（新颖的想法）派生词：novelist (n. 小说家) I'm reading a novel written by my favorite author.He came up with a novel way to solve the problem. sense /sens/ n./v. 理解力；感觉；意识到• 搭配：make sense（有道理）；a sense of humour / direction（幽默感/方向感） 中考高频搭配（写作/单选）：a sense of duty（责任感）；a sense of happiness（幸福感）；common sense（常识）动词用法：sense sb.'s sadness（察觉到某人的悲伤）否定：make no sense（没道理） What you said doesn't make sense.She has a strong sense of responsibility. metre /ˈmiːtə(r)/ ( = meter) n. 米• 复数：metres / meters；相关单位：kilometre, centimetre 中考考点：单位搭配：数词+metre(s)+形容词（表长度/高度，如5 metres long）常用单位：cm（centimetre）；mm（millimetre）；km（kilometre）美式拼写：meter The desk is two metres long.The tree is more than 10 metres tall. prince /prɪns/ n. 王子• 对应词：princess（公主） 中考拓展：同类词：king（国王）；queen（女王）；emperor（皇帝）搭配：a prince charming（白马王子）派生词：princely (adj. 王子的；高贵的) The prince fell in love with a poor girl.The princess is very kind to the people. pauper /ˈpɔːpə(r)/ n. 贫民；乞丐• 同义：beggar 中考拓展：反义词：prince；billionaire（亿万富翁）搭配：live like a pauper（过着穷困的生活）派生词：pauperism (n. 贫困) In the old days, many people lived like paupers.He was born a prince but died a pauper. accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n. 意外；（交通）事故• 短语：by accident（偶然；意外地）；同义：incident（侧重“事件”） 中考易混：accident/incident→ accident（意外事故，如car accident）；incident（一般事件/政治事件，如a traffic incident）搭配拓展：have an accident（出事故）；traffic accident（交通事故） He was hurt in a car accident.I met my old friend by accident on the street. situation /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ n. 情况；状况；处境• 搭配：in a difficult situation（处于困境） 中考考点：可数名词搭配拓展：the present situation（当前形势）；improve the situation（改善情况）；deal with a difficult situation（应对困境）同义：condition（条件/状况），但situation侧重“整体形势” We are now in a very difficult situation.We need to take action to improve the present situation. silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ adj. 银色的；n. 银• 搭配：silver medal（银牌）；silver hair（银发） 中考拓展：词性转换：adj./n. 均为高频搭配：silver screen（银幕）；silver jewellery（银饰）同类词：gold（金/金色的）；bronze（青铜/古铜色的）（金银铜牌高频） She won a silver medal in the competition.Her hair turned silver when she was 60. lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ n. 内衬；衬里• 短语：silver lining（一线光明，指困境中的希望） 中考考点：固定习语（完形/写作高频）：Every cloud has a silver lining.（黑暗中总有一线光明，励志句型）搭配：the lining of a coat（外套的内衬）动词：line (v. 排队；衬里) Every cloud has a silver lining. Don't give up.The lining of this jacket is very soft. 五、介词与短语 短语/单词 音标 核心考点与搭配 中考拓展（易混/变形/特殊用法） 例句 besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep./adv. 除……之外（还）；而且• 区分：except（除……之外，不包含）；besides（除……之外，还包含） 中考核心易混（单选高频）：besides/except/except for→ except for（除了……之外，表整体中的局部例外，如The article is good except for a few mistakes.）副词用法：置于句首/句末，表“而且”，相当于also/furthermore Besides English, I also learn French.We all went to the park except Tom. per /pə(r); pɜː(r)/ prep. 每；每一• 用法：per hour / day / km（每小时/天/公里） 中考考点：正式用语，用于数据/表格描述（写作高频）同义：each/every，但per后直接接名词（per day=every day）常用搭配：per person（每人）；per week（每周） The car can go 100 kilometres per hour.The cost is 10 yuan per person. thanks to — 归功于；由于；因为• 同义：because of / due to 中考易混：thanks to/because of/due to→ thanks to（可表“正面原因”，含感激；也可表“负面原因”）；due to（正式，表“由于”，常置于be后）用法：后接名词/代词/动名词，不可接句子 Thanks to your help, we finished the work on time.His success is due to his hard work. have sth. in common — 有共同之处• 搭配：have a lot / little in common with sb.（和某人有很多/很少共同点） 中考拓展：否定：have nothing in common with sb.（与某人毫无共同之处）写作句型：Although we are different, we have a lot in common.同义：share sth. in common（共享共同点） We have a lot in common with each other.She and I have nothing in common. Congratulations (on ...)! — （对……表示）祝贺！• 注意：常用复数形式Congratulations 中考交际考点（情景对话题高频）：1. 单独使用：Congratulations!（祝贺你！）2. 接具体事：Congratulations on (doing) sth.（祝贺某事）回应：Thank you./Thanks a lot. Congratulations on winning the game!— I passed the exam! — Congratulations! prize /praɪz/ n. 奖；奖励；v. 珍视• 区分：prize（比赛/竞赛获奖）；award（正式授予的奖项）；reward（报酬/回报） 中考核心易混：prize/award/reward→ award（动词/名词，正式授予，如award sb. a medal）；reward（报酬，如a reward for hard work）搭配：win the first prize（获一等奖，写作/单选高频）；a prize for sth.（……的奖项） She won the first prize in the singing competition.We should prize the time we spend with family. pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/ n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸• 交际用语：It's my pleasure.（不客气）；With pleasure.（乐意效劳） 中考交际考点（情景对话题高频，必背）：1. It's my pleasure. — 回应感谢（=You're welcome.）2. With pleasure. — 回应请求（=I'd love to.）派生词：pleasant (adj.)；pleased (adj.) It's my pleasure to help you.— Can you help me? — With pleasure. by accident — 偶然；意外地• 同义：by chance 中考考点：同义短语替换（完形/写作）反义：on purpose（故意地）；by design（有意地）用法：置于句首/句末，作状语 I found this old photo by accident.He didn't break the cup by accident; he did it on purpose. silver lining — 一线光明；困境中的希望• 指困境中出现的希望 中考考点：习语运用（完形/写作励志话题高频）固定句型：There is a silver lining to every problem.（每个问题都有一线希望）搭配：see the silver lining（看到希望） Although he lost his job, he found a better one—every cloud has a silver lining. reach for — 伸手触碰；追求• 搭配：reach for the stars（有远大抱负） 中考拓展：比喻义（写作高频）：reach for the stars（志存高远，励志搭配）基础义：伸手拿某物（reach for a book/cup）同义：reach out for（伸手去拿，更强调动作） He reached for the stars and never gave up.She reached for the glass on the table. 六、单位与度量 缩写/单词 音标 含义 中考拓展（用法/搭配/换算） 例句 km (= kilometre) /ˈkɪləmiːtə(r); kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r)/ 千米；公里 中考考点：单位搭配：数词+km+形容词（如5 km far→5 km away）换算：1 km = 1000 metres用法：书面可写km，口头说kilometre The school is 5 km away from my home.We walked about 2 km in the park. mm (= millimetre) /ˈmɪlimiːtə(r)/ 毫米 中考考点：常用搭配：表厚度/宽度（如3 mm thick）换算：1 cm = 10 mm；1 m = 1000 mm同类缩写：cm（厘米）；m（米） The glass is 3 mm thick.The nail is about 20 mm long. metre (= meter) /ˈmiːtə(r)/ 米 中考考点：单复数：数词大于1用复数（metres）搭配：height（高度）/length（长度）+ in metres（以米计）美式拼写：meter The tree is 10 metres tall.His height is 1.8 metres. 七、专有名词（人名/地名） 名称 音标 含义 中考拓展（用法/相关常识） 例句 Julie /ˈdʒuːli/ 朱莉（女子名） 中考考点：专有名词首字母大写昵称：Judy/Jules同类女名：Lucy; Lily; Anna Julie is my best friend and we often study together. Vancouver /vænˈkuːvə(r)/ 温哥华（加拿大西海岸城市） 中考拓展：地理常识：加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省省会，著名旅游城市专有名词：前加the（the city of Vancouver）同类城市：Toronto（多伦多）；Montreal（蒙特利尔） I want to visit Vancouver one day because it's very beautiful. Matt /mæt/ 马特（男子名，Matthew的昵称） 中考考点：专有名词首字母大写全称：Matthew（马修）同类男名：Tom; Jack; Mike Matt is good at playing basketball and he is on the school team. Stephen /ˈstiːvn/ 斯蒂芬（男子名） 中考拓展：变体：Steven（史蒂文）著名人物：Stephen Hawking（史蒂芬·霍金，物理学家，中考阅读素材高频） Stephen is a famous writer and his books are popular worldwide. Diana /daɪˈænə/ 戴安娜（女子名） 中考考点：专有名词首字母大写昵称：Dani/Diana著名人物：Princess Diana（戴安娜王妃） Diana is very kind and helpful, so everyone likes her. Edward /ˈedwəd/ 爱德华（男子名） 中考拓展：昵称：Ed/Eddie（埃迪）同类古典男名：Arthur（亚瑟）；Henry（亨利）用法：可用于小说/电影人物名 Edward is a character in the story and he is a brave knight. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $