专题12八下Units 1-2（复习讲义）（人教版教材梳理）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题12 八下Units1-2 （复习讲义）（人教版教材梳理） 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 2 02·思维导图·网络构建 3 03·考点通关·靶向突破 3 考点1 重点词汇 3 考点2 易混词辨析 8 考点3 重点句型 10 考点4 重点语法 12 04·优题精选·练能提分 17 考点 课标要求 复习目标 重点单词 掌握重点词汇matter；lie；herself；sick；ourselves；mean；importance；decision；control；spirit；death；nurse；cheer；volunteer；sign；notice；lonely；several；；raise；alone；repair；disabled；blind； deaf；imagine；kindness；clever；understand；change；interest等词汇的用法 1.重点词汇会写会用 2. 易混词会在不同语境中熟练应用 3. 熟练运用 “某人怎么了?”相关句型以及should提建议的句型 询问或者给出相关建议 4. 熟练运用情态动词、反身代词以及动词不定式 易混词辨析 掌握lie与lay；run out与run out of； alone与lonely；be used to do sth, be used to doing sth 与used to do sth ;raise与rise;set up 与build易混词辨析 重点句型 1.询问“某人怎么了?”相关句型; 2.should提建议的句型 重点语法 · 1.情态动词、反身代词 · 2.动词不定式 命题预测 单词、易混词辨析和句型会融合到各种题型中考查。句型和重点语法在语法填空、选词填空、完形填空以及补全对话等题中会有涉及。 考点1 重点词汇 1.enough 【教材原文】She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water. 她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。.( 八下Unit1 P2) 【主要用法】enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后Ex. enough time (2) adv. “足够地， 十分，相当”修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后 Ex. expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth. 【例句】 · We didn’t bring enough money. · My brother is old enough to go to school. 2. need 【教材原文】You need to take break away from the computer. 你需要远离电脑，休息休息!( 八下Unit 1P66) 【主要用法】 need 在此处作实义动词，意为“需要”，后可接名词、代词、动名词及带to的动词不定式作宾语。 need v 需要 ◆用于肯定句是实义动词,变成否定句或疑问句，要借助助动词do/does/did need (1)人做主语 need + 名词 需要某物 (2)主语是人，表示人主动的动作 sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 (3)主语通常是物，表示被动的动作 sth need doing sth = sth need to be done 某物需要被做 ◆need用于否定句是情态动词,后跟动词原形。 ①needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要 ②must 开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t 【例句】 · I need your help. · Do you need to drink more water? 3.get 【教材原文】 He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车问那位妇女发生了什么事。( 八下Unit 1P3) 【主要用法】get off意为＂下车＂，其反义短语为get on＂上车＂。 常见get的短语搭配： 【例句】 · He got off at Guangming Road. 他在光明路下车了。 · Don’t get on the No.8 bus. 不要上8路公交车 4. mean 【教材原文】 This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. 这意味着处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中 ( 八下Unit1P 6） 【主要用法】mean，动词，意思是，名词meaning.形容词 meaningless ,meaningful,常见用法如下： mean doing sth.意味着做某事，主语通常是事物 mean to do sth.打算做某事，主语通常是人 mean+that从句 意思是…… 【例句】 · My new job means traveling around the world. 我的新工作需要在世界各地跑。 · I mean to visit my English teacher tomorrow. 我打算明天去拜访我的英语老师。 5.give up 【教材原文】Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. 在遭遇意外后阿伦没有放弃，并且如今继续登山。( 八下Unit1 P 7) 【主要用法】give up 意为 放弃，动词+副词”型短语。意为“放弃” 既可单独使用，也可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 当代词作宾语时，要将代词放在 give 与 up 之间， 名词作宾语放在中间或后面均可。 【例句】 · David has decided to give up football at the end of this year. · Why don’t you give up smoking? 6. cheer 【教材原文】The girl could go to the hospital to cheer up the children . ( 八下Unit 2 P9) 【主要用法】cheer v. 欢呼；喝彩 cheer up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来；cheer up既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。同其他动副短语一样，代词作宾语时应放中间。cheer作可数名词，意为＂欢呼声；喝彩声＂。常用口语：Cheers! 干杯！。 【例句】 · Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 振作起来！这消息不是太坏。 · He took her to the cinema to cheer her up. 为了让她高兴起来，他带她去了电影院。 7. volunteer 【教材原文】The girl could volunteer at an after-school program to teach kids。（ 八下Unit 2 P9) 【主要用法】 volunteer作动词，意为“义务做，自愿做”，可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，常用于如下结构：volunteer to do sth/volunteer for sth.自愿做某事。 （2）volunteer还可以作名词，意为“志愿者”。。 【例句】 · She volunteered to teach in the school.她自愿在学校教书。 · He volunteered for the army.他自愿参军。 8. come up with 【教材原文】Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to …。( 八下Unit 2 P12) 【主要用法】 come up with是个短语动词，由＂动词＋副词＋介词＂构成，相当于及物动词，后常跟idea，plan，answer等名词，相当于think of。come up with还可意为＂追赶上；比得上＂，相当于catch up with。 与come 相关的短语： come from来自 come up to达到 come out出来，出版 come on加油 【例句】 · Who can come up with another idea? 谁能再想出一个主意？ 9. put off 【教材原文】We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制订计划。( 八下Unit 2 P12) 【主要用法】 put off意为＂推迟；拖延＂，是由＂动词+副词＂构成的短语动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。常见put短语 【例句】 · We can’t put off having the meeting. 我们不能推迟召开这次会议。 10. careful 【教材原文】 Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.( 八下 Unit2 P14) 【主要用法】imagine v.想象；设想。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。 ①imagine doing…想象去做……； 类似词组:give up doing sth放弃做某事 enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 regret doing sth后悔做某事keep doing sth持续做某事 put off doing sth推迟做某事 finish doing sth完成做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事 practice doing sth练习做某事 ②imagine sb. doing…想象某人做……； ③imagine + that从句/wh-从句 想象……；料想……（◆不可用于进行时）。。 【例句】 · Imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. 想象你不能走或手不能灵活运用。 · I imagine(that) you are very tired. 我猜想你很累了。 11. make 【教材原文】You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 你帮助我, 使我能够拥有Lucky。( 八下Unit2 P 14) 【主要用法】 句中make是使役动词，意为＂使；使成为＂，后常跟复合结构，即＂make+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词)＂。 句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后置的动词不定式复合结构for me to have Lucky。 当不定式作宾语，且其后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式置于句末。 常跟it作形式宾语的动词有：make/find/feel/consider/think等。 【例句】 · Computers make it easy to learn English. 电脑使英语学习变得容易。 · We find it important to learn English well. 我们发现学好英语很重要。。 12. difficulties 【教材原文】Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties. 大多数人从没考虑过这一点，但是许多人有这样的困难。 ( 八下Unit 2P14) 【主要用法】difficulty此处用作可数名词，通常用作复数形式，表示具体概念，意为＂困难；难题；难事＂，其形容词形式为difficult，意为困难的。 difficulty表示抽象意义上的＂困难＂时，是不可数名词，have difficulty (in) doing sth表示＂做某事有困难＂，＝have trouble (in) doing sth 【例句】 · There are lots of children with reading difficulties. 有很多存在阅读困难的儿童。 1．—I can hardly ________ my feelings whenever I watch the raising of our national flag. —Me too. I can’t help feeling very excited. A．speak B．shut C．hurt D．control 2．—Can your little sister dress _______? —No, she’s only three years old. A．herself B．himself C．yourself 3．A father in the UK has ________ a wonderful idea to send his kids to school on time. He takes his sons to their school in a white tank (坦克). A．looked up to B．made up C．come up with 4．—Hi, Bob. You don’t look well. What’s the matter ________ you? —I talked too much and didn’t have any water last night. I have a sore throat now. A．in B．of C．with 5．We should believe in _________ even when things get difficult. A．we B．our C．us D．ourselves 6．—According to the new traffic rules, we must wear helmets to protect our heads when riding e-bikes and taking e-bikes. —I strongly support it. We can’t ________ losing our lives. A．refuse B．record C．risk D．repeat 7．—Mom, I’ll go to my friend’s party, but I don’t know what to wear. Could you make a ________ for me? —OK. Let me see. A．decision B．plan C．card 8．When I passed there, I saw an old man ________ on the side of the road, crying hard. A．to lie B．lying C．lay 9．—How can I get to the nearest bank? —Take the No.207 bus and ________ at the third stop. A．get into B．get on C．get off D．get out of 考点2 易混词辨析 1. 易混词辨析 lie与lay lie v. 躺，位于，平放 lay—lain—lying You should lie down. 你应该躺下。 His school lies in the north of the city. 他的学校位于城北。 lie v. 说谎 lied—lied—lying He often lies. 他经常说谎。 lie n. 谎言 lies(复数) He often tells lies. 他经常说谎。 2. 易混词辨析be used to do sth , be used to do sth与used to do sth be used to sth / doing sth 意为＂习惯于……＂，相当于短语get used to。 ☞ Be patient and you will be used to the life here soon. 耐心些！很快你就会习惯这儿的生活的。 be used to do sth (=be used for doing sth ) 意为＂被用来做某事＂，是动词use的被动结构。 ☞ Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things. 塑料能被用来制造各种各样的东西。 used to do sth 意为＂过去常做某事＂，表达过去。 ☞ I used to go to the cinema, but I hardly ever have time for films now. 我过去经常去看电影，但现在我几乎没有时间看电影了。 3.run out与run out of 【易混辨析】 run out 是＂动词＋副词＂型动词短语，主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词。 ☞ His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快花完了。 run out of 作及物动词用(＝use up)，后接宾语，主语通常是人。  ☞ I have run out of my money before payday. 在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了我的钱。 4.lonely与alone 【易混辨析】 lonely 是形容词，含有较浓厚的感情色彩，可指人孤独，也可指地方偏僻。 alone 既是形容词又是副词，陈述客观事实，强调数量上的单一，不含感情色彩。 5.see sb do sth与see sb doing sth 【易混辨析】 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 强调看到动作发生的全过程或看到动作经常发生 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 强调看见动作正在进行 6. Set up与build 【易混辨析】 set up 意为＂建立，设立，开办＂，后常接某一组织、机构、团体等。 build 意为＂建造，修建＂，后常接建筑物、机械等。 7. raise与rise 【易混辨析】 raise及物（vt.） 使…… 上升 / 提高 / 养育等 主语 + raise + 宾语 rise不及物（vi.） 自身上升 / 上涨 / 起床等 主语 + rise（无宾语） 1．Although Mr. Hunt lives ________, he never feels ________. Some volunteers often visit him on weekends. A．lonely；alone B．lonely；lonely C．alone；alone D．alone；lonely 2．The little girl used to be afraid of the dark, but now she ________ staying alone at home at night. A．is used to B．used to C．gets used to D．both A and C 3．In the past, people ________ that AI was only in science-fiction movies. But now, we ________ it in many ways, like answering questions and making pictures. A．used to think; are used to using B．used to thinking; are used to use C．used to think; used to use D．used to thinking; used to use 4．The hen _______ five eggs last week. Where did you _______ them? A．lay; lay B．laid; lay C．laid; lie D．lay; laid 5．She ________ some problems. Let’s help her ________ them. A．got on; get out of B．got into; get out of C．got into; run out of 6．—Dear, please get some fruit before it ________. —OK. I’ll go to the supermarket right away. A．runs out B．is run out C．is running out D．will be run out 7．—Your daughter is badly ill now. —Yes, she shouldn’t put off ________ to see the doctor. A．go B．went C．going D．to go 8．We want to __________ money for the sick people. A．give out B．hand out C．give away D．raise 9．—Can your little sister dress _______? —No, she’s only three years old. A．herself B．himself C．yourself 考点3 重点句型 1. —What’s the matter？ 怎么了？ —I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。？(八下Unit 1 P2) 【重点句型】What’s the matter? 意为＂怎么了? ＂，常用来询问身体不适、疾病等健康方面的问题；也可用来询问有什么麻烦或出了什么事。常与with 连用，后可跟sb/sth，意为＂某人或某物怎么了？＂ 【拓展 】 ＂(你)怎么了？＂各种常见表达： What’s the matter (with you)? ＝What’s the trouble (with you)? ＝What’s the problem (with you)? ＝What’ s wrong (with you)？ ＝What’s up? ＝What happened? 【例句 】 · What’s the matter with you? ---I have a sore throat. 2.—You should drink more warm water. (多喝热水)(八下Unit 2 P10) 【重点句型】 提建议的句型，含有情态动词should,常见表达You should do… 此外提建议的句型还有如下表达： You are supposed to do… You’d better do… What about / How about doing … Why don’t you do… Why not do… It’s best for you to do … It’s important for sb. to do sth. If you...,you should... 【例句】 · You should lie down and have a rest。 3.I have a headache ? (八下Unit 1 P2) 【重点句型】 疾病表达的句型 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” 类似的短语： have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache 患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache 患背痛 have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 此外， 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛 【例句】 · I have a toothache. 完成句子 1．She relaxed by doing yoga every morning. (对划线部分提问) she relax every morning? 2．He had a fever last night.（对划线部分提问） with him last night? 3．You should see a dentist. (对画线部分提问) I ? 4．She didn’t go to school because she had a high fever. (对划线部分提问) she go to school? 5．This sign says “No Parking”. (对画线部分提问) does this sign ? 6．Mike put up some pictures on the wall yesterday. (就划线部分提问) Mike up on the wall yesterday? 7．We’ll help to clean up the school garden after school. (就划线部分提问) will you help after school? 8．I am feeling better now. (对划线部分提问) are you now? 9．They would like to clean the street. (就画线部分提问)    they like ? 考点4 重点语法 1. 情态动词should 1) 概述： should作情态动词，意为“应该”，可用于所有人称，表示劝告、建议或表示有责任（或义务）去做某事。 其后跟动词原形，和动词原形一起构成谓语。 2）形式 肯定句：主语＋should+动词原形（＋其他）。 否定句：主语＋should not/shouldn't+动词原形（＋其他）。 一般疑问句：Should+主语＋动词原形（＋其他）？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋should+主语＋动词原形（＋其他）？ You should make your bed.你应该自己铺床。 You shouldn't throw the rubbish here and there.你不应该到处扔垃圾。 Should I take my temperature first?我应该先量体温吗？ What should I do?我应该做什么？ 2.反身代词 1）概述 反身代词的构成反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词的宾格加词尾-self或selves构成。 其构成如下表： 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己 复数 ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 它们自己 反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，两者在人称和数上应保持一致。 例句:The girl can dress herself.这个女孩能给自己穿衣服。 I enjoyed myself at the party.在聚会上，我玩得很开心。 2）.反身代词的用法 (1)作动词的宾语。 常与反身代词连用的动词有enjoy，help，dress，hurt，teach，wash等。 常见词组有:look after oneself/take care of oneself照顾自己 teach oneself sth./learn sth.by oneself自学 help oneself to sth.请自用……（随便吃/喝些……） enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快 say to oneself自言自语 lose oneself in沉浸于，陶醉于……之中 leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下 introduce oneself介绍自己 例句:He teaches himself English.他自学英语。 (2)作介词的宾语，常和by构成固定短语，表示“独立地；单独地”。 例句:The little girl went to school by herself.小女孩独自一人去上学了。 (3)反身代词可以在句中作同位语，起强调作用，置于名词、代词的后面或句末，表示“自己；亲自”。 例句:He himself built the rocket.他自己建造了那支火箭。 (4)反身代词还可作表语。 例句:He is not himself today.他今天有点不太舒服。 ①反身代词不能单独作主语，但可以作主语的同位语，起强调作用。 例句:我自己能完成作业。(误)Myself can finish my homework.(正)I myself can finish my homework. I can finish my homework myself. ②反身代词表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，要用one's own. 例句:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I'm drawing with myself crayons.(正)I'm drawing with my own crayons. 3. 动词不定式 1) 概述：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为＂to＋动词原形＂，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。 2） 动词不定式的形式及性质 （1）动词不定式的基本形式：to do（to有时可省略）； （2）动词不定式变否定：not （to） do； （3）动词不定式无人称变化； （4）动词不定式仍保留动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 to speak at the meeting 在会议上发言 to read newspapers 看报纸 3）动词不定式的句法作用 1、作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin，want，remember，agree，learn，like，decide，fail，pretend，demand，refuse等。 You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己。 They volunteer to clean up the house for the old lady. 他们自愿给老人打扫房子。 They would like to come by bus. 他们想乘公共汽车来。 2、作宾语补足语。 动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell，ask，want，like，invite，encourage，help等。但在see，watch，hear，feel，notice等感官动词或let，make，have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号＂to＂，可以归纳为以下三种句式： 1. 不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite / encourage / teach / depend on等+ sb + to do sth ☞ The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. 老师告诉我们明天早点来。 ☞ Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她的父母希望她成为一名教师。 2. 省＂to＂的不定式作宾语补足语： （1）Let / make / have + sb +do sth ☞ Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩现在出去。 ☞ They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month. 上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。 （2）see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb +do sth ☞ I heard them argue this morning. 今天早上我听到他们吵架了。（强调整个过程）  【注意】 ①help带不带to均可以。 ☞ I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做家务。 ②此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原to。 ☞ William is often seen to play Chinese kung fu in the park. 人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。 4. 否定形式： （1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。 ☞ Tell them not to play football in the street. （2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。 ☞ Let the boy not go. 不要让那个男孩走。 3）、作状语 （1）作目的状语。 ☞ He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。 强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不可用于句首。 ☞ The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。 （2）作结果状语。 ☞ He woke up only to find everybody gone. 他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。 ☞ His grandma lived to see the liberation of China. 他奶奶活到了中国解放。 ☞ He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大了，可以去上学了。 （3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。 ☞ I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions. 很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。 ☞ I’m happy to have found many things I can do. 很高兴找到了很多我能做的事。 ◆ 动词不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等特殊疑问词连用。 ☞ The question is I don’t know when to start. 问题是我不知道什么时候开始。 1．We’ll attend the tea festival in our town ________ more about tea culture. A．learning B．learns C．learnt D．to learn 2．My friends and I always do some part-time jobs ________ money for the disabled, though we know it is just a small action. A．raise B．to raise C．raising 3．I think you should ________ the dog to an animal hospital because it is ill. A．take B．taking C．takes D．took 4．Smoking is bad for your health. You should ________. A．give it up B．give up them C．give up it 5．My grandma says young people should learn to look after ________. A．myself B．herself C．yourselves D．themselves 6．We should depend on ________ more than our parents and teachers. A．we B．us C．ours D．ourselves 7．Boys and girls, I’ll tell you _________, and then you should finish it __________. A．how to do it; by yourself B．what to do; on your own C．what to do it; by yourself D．how to do; alone 8．— Has Jane done the washing yet? — You cannot her to do such a thing. A．want B．hope C．expect D．wish 1、 单项选择 1．—What’s ________ matter with Julia? —She has ________ cold and needs to rest at home. A．the; the B．the; a C．a; the D．a; a 2．—Ben invites me to dinner. What should I wear? —You do not need to ________ for dinner. Wear just as usual. A．put up B．dress up C．take up D．give up 3．When Li Ming didn’t pass the exam, his teacher told him not to ______ hope. A．fix up B．give up C．stand up D．build up 4．—Mom, I’ll go to my friend’s party, but I don’t know what to wear. Could you make a ________ for me? —OK. Let me see. A．decision B．plan C．card 5．When you both get into trouble, don’t give up but cheer _________up. A．ourselves B．himself C．yourselves D．myself 6．Miss Li asked me to the exercise books before we began to do our homework. A．clean up B．call up C．hand out D．fix up 7．She works ________ in the city, but she doesn’t feel ________. A．alone; alone B．lonely; lonely C．alone; lonely D．lonely; alone 8．My grandpa ________ getting up early so that he runs for half an hour to keep healthy. A．is used to B．is interested in C．is excited about 9．—Hey, Bill, how are you? Do you feel ________ today? —No, I feel ________. A．well, worse B．better, sick C．fine, sick D．better, worse 10．My dad made a ______ to give up______. A．decision, smoking B．decide, smoking C．decision, smoke D．decide, smoke 2、 适当形式填空 1．The (important) of learning English well is known to us all. 2．She was very sad because of her grandmother’s (die). 3．You’d better make a ___________ at once, or someone else will take this opportunity. (decide) 4．There are many riding bicycles in the park. (passenger) 5．This travel guidebook provides detailed information about many famous places of (interest) in Beijing. 6．Everyone was (excite) when they heard the news about the school trip. 7．I felt very (lone) when I first arrived in Nanjing, but now I’ve made many friends. 8．After all, children must learn to get over (difficult) on their own. 3、 短文填空 阅读短文，语法填空。 Playgrounds in schools and parks are usually built to be safe enough. Most of the safety rules were created 1 the 1980s, after a few accidents happened on playgrounds. Some children were hurt 2 (serious) in these accidents. Their parents said the playgrounds weren’t safe enough, and that the bosses that owned the playground 3 (have) to pay much money to those parents. After that, schools and cities began changing playgrounds to make them as safe 4 possible. But safe playgrounds have not really made a 5 (different) in the accidents. In fact, there have been more accidents where children have broken an arm or a leg. Some experts believe that this is because children can learn to be careful only 6 they are in danger. Children should do things that seem a little dangerous—like climbing trees, riding bikes really fast or playing near water. Those things can teach 7 (they) how to keep safe. When children have small accident, they learn how 8 (avoid)worse accidents. If children 9 (allow) to take some risks, they can become confident and independent.They also get better at problem-solving and teamwork. Many experts also believe that “safe” playgrounds are too boring. They say that if playgrounds were more challenging and 10 (excite), kids would probably get more exercise. 17 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 八下Units1-2 （复习讲义）（人教版教材梳理） 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 2 02·思维导图·网络构建 3 03·考点通关·靶向突破 3 考点1 重点词汇 3 考点2 易混词辨析 9 考点3 重点句型 13 考点4 重点语法 16 04·优题精选·练能提分 21 考点 课标要求 复习目标 重点单词 掌握重点词汇matter；lie；herself；sick；ourselves；mean；importance；decision；control；spirit；death；nurse；cheer；volunteer；sign；notice；lonely；several；；raise；alone；repair；disabled；blind； deaf；imagine；kindness；clever；understand；change；interest等词汇的用法 1.重点词汇会写会用 2. 易混词会在不同语境中熟练应用 3. 熟练运用 “某人怎么了?”相关句型以及should提建议的句型 询问或者给出相关建议 4. 熟练运用情态动词、反身代词以及动词不定式 易混词辨析 掌握lie与lay；run out与run out of； alone与lonely；be used to do sth, be used to doing sth 与used to do sth ;raise与rise;set up 与build易混词辨析 重点句型 1.询问“某人怎么了?”相关句型; 2.should提建议的句型 重点语法 · 1.情态动词、反身代词 · 2.动词不定式 命题预测 单词、易混词辨析和句型会融合到各种题型中考查。句型和重点语法在语法填空、选词填空、完形填空以及补全对话等题中会有涉及。 考点1 重点词汇 1.enough 【教材原文】She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water. 她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。.( 八下Unit1 P2) 【主要用法】enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后Ex. enough time (2) adv. “足够地， 十分，相当”修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后 Ex. expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth. 【例句】 · We didn’t bring enough money. · My brother is old enough to go to school. 2. need 【教材原文】You need to take break away from the computer. 你需要远离电脑，休息休息!( 八下Unit 1P66) 【主要用法】 need 在此处作实义动词，意为“需要”，后可接名词、代词、动名词及带to的动词不定式作宾语。 need v 需要 ◆用于肯定句是实义动词,变成否定句或疑问句，要借助助动词do/does/did need (1)人做主语 need + 名词 需要某物 (2)主语是人，表示人主动的动作 sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 (3)主语通常是物，表示被动的动作 sth need doing sth = sth need to be done 某物需要被做 ◆need用于否定句是情态动词,后跟动词原形。 ①needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要 ②must 开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t 【例句】 · I need your help. · Do you need to drink more water? 3.get 【教材原文】 He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车问那位妇女发生了什么事。( 八下Unit 1P3) 【主要用法】get off意为＂下车＂，其反义短语为get on＂上车＂。 常见get的短语搭配： 【例句】 · He got off at Guangming Road. 他在光明路下车了。 · Don’t get on the No.8 bus. 不要上8路公交车 4. mean 【教材原文】 This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. 这意味着处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中 ( 八下Unit1P 6） 【主要用法】mean，动词，意思是，名词meaning.形容词 meaningless ,meaningful,常见用法如下： mean doing sth.意味着做某事，主语通常是事物 mean to do sth.打算做某事，主语通常是人 mean+that从句 意思是…… 【例句】 · My new job means traveling around the world. 我的新工作需要在世界各地跑。 · I mean to visit my English teacher tomorrow. 我打算明天去拜访我的英语老师。 5.give up 【教材原文】Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. 在遭遇意外后阿伦没有放弃，并且如今继续登山。( 八下Unit1 P 7) 【主要用法】give up 意为 放弃，动词+副词”型短语。意为“放弃” 既可单独使用，也可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 当代词作宾语时，要将代词放在 give 与 up 之间， 名词作宾语放在中间或后面均可。 【例句】 · David has decided to give up football at the end of this year. · Why don’t you give up smoking? 6. cheer 【教材原文】The girl could go to the hospital to cheer up the children . ( 八下Unit 2 P9) 【主要用法】cheer v. 欢呼；喝彩 cheer up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来；cheer up既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。同其他动副短语一样，代词作宾语时应放中间。cheer作可数名词，意为＂欢呼声；喝彩声＂。常用口语：Cheers! 干杯！。 【例句】 · Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 振作起来！这消息不是太坏。 · He took her to the cinema to cheer her up. 为了让她高兴起来，他带她去了电影院。 7. volunteer 【教材原文】The girl could volunteer at an after-school program to teach kids。（ 八下Unit 2 P9) 【主要用法】 volunteer作动词，意为“义务做，自愿做”，可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，常用于如下结构：volunteer to do sth/volunteer for sth.自愿做某事。 （2）volunteer还可以作名词，意为“志愿者”。。 【例句】 · She volunteered to teach in the school.她自愿在学校教书。 · He volunteered for the army.他自愿参军。 8. come up with 【教材原文】Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to …。( 八下Unit 2 P12) 【主要用法】 come up with是个短语动词，由＂动词＋副词＋介词＂构成，相当于及物动词，后常跟idea，plan，answer等名词，相当于think of。come up with还可意为＂追赶上；比得上＂，相当于catch up with。 与come 相关的短语： come from来自 come up to达到 come out出来，出版 come on加油 【例句】 · Who can come up with another idea? 谁能再想出一个主意？ 9. put off 【教材原文】We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制订计划。( 八下Unit 2 P12) 【主要用法】 put off意为＂推迟；拖延＂，是由＂动词+副词＂构成的短语动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。常见put短语 【例句】 · We can’t put off having the meeting. 我们不能推迟召开这次会议。 10. careful 【教材原文】 Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.( 八下 Unit2 P14) 【主要用法】imagine v.想象；设想。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。 ①imagine doing…想象去做……； 类似词组:give up doing sth放弃做某事 enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 regret doing sth后悔做某事keep doing sth持续做某事 put off doing sth推迟做某事 finish doing sth完成做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事 practice doing sth练习做某事 ②imagine sb. doing…想象某人做……； ③imagine + that从句/wh-从句 想象……；料想……（◆不可用于进行时）。。 【例句】 · Imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. 想象你不能走或手不能灵活运用。 · I imagine(that) you are very tired. 我猜想你很累了。 11. make 【教材原文】You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 你帮助我, 使我能够拥有Lucky。( 八下Unit2 P 14) 【主要用法】 句中make是使役动词，意为＂使；使成为＂，后常跟复合结构，即＂make+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词)＂。 句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后置的动词不定式复合结构for me to have Lucky。 当不定式作宾语，且其后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式置于句末。 常跟it作形式宾语的动词有：make/find/feel/consider/think等。 【例句】 · Computers make it easy to learn English. 电脑使英语学习变得容易。 · We find it important to learn English well. 我们发现学好英语很重要。。 12. difficulties 【教材原文】Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties. 大多数人从没考虑过这一点，但是许多人有这样的困难。 ( 八下Unit 2P14) 【主要用法】difficulty此处用作可数名词，通常用作复数形式，表示具体概念，意为＂困难；难题；难事＂，其形容词形式为difficult，意为困难的。 difficulty表示抽象意义上的＂困难＂时，是不可数名词，have difficulty (in) doing sth表示＂做某事有困难＂，＝have trouble (in) doing sth 【例句】 · There are lots of children with reading difficulties. 有很多存在阅读困难的儿童。 1．—I can hardly ________ my feelings whenever I watch the raising of our national flag. —Me too. I can’t help feeling very excited. A．speak B．shut C．hurt D．control 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——每当我看到我们的国旗升起时，我几乎无法控制我的感情。——我也是。我忍不住感到非常兴奋。 考查动词辨析。speak说话；shut关闭；hurt伤害；control控制。根据答语“I can’t help feeling very excited.”可知，此处指说话者难以抑制自己的激动情绪，因此应选择控制感情。故选D。 2．—Can your little sister dress _______? —No, she’s only three years old. A．herself B．himself C．yourself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的小妹妹能自己穿衣服吗？——不能，她才三岁。 考查反身代词的用法。herself她自己；himself他自己；yourself你自己。主语“your little sister”是女性，需用女性反身代词herself表示“她自己”。故选A。 3．A father in the UK has ________ a wonderful idea to send his kids to school on time. He takes his sons to their school in a white tank (坦克). A．looked up to B．made up C．come up with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一位英国父亲想出了一个绝妙的主意来准时送孩子上学。他开着一辆白色坦克送儿子们去学校。考查动词短语。looked up to仰慕；made up编造；come up with想出。根据“a wonderful idea to send his kids to school on time”可知是想出了一个绝妙的主意来准时送孩子上学。故选C。 4．—Hi, Bob. You don’t look well. What’s the matter ________ you? —I talked too much and didn’t have any water last night. I have a sore throat now. A．in B．of C．with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嗨，鲍勃。你看起来不太好。你怎么了？——我昨晚说话太多，没喝水。我现在喉咙痛。 考查介词辨析。in在……里面；of……的；with和。根据“What’s the matter”可知，此处是固定句型“What’s the matter with sb.?”，询问某人怎么了，需用介词with，故选C。 5．We should believe in _________ even when things get difficult. A．we B．our C．us D．ourselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：即便遇到困难，我们也应该相信自己。 考查代词辨析。we我们，主格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；us我们，宾格；ourselves我们自己。根据“We should believe in”可知，此处指应该相信我们自己，故选D。 6．—According to the new traffic rules, we must wear helmets to protect our heads when riding e-bikes and taking e-bikes. —I strongly support it. We can’t ________ losing our lives. A．refuse B．record C．risk D．repeat 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——根据新的交通规则，骑电动车和乘坐电动车时必须戴头盔保护头部。——我强烈支持。我们不能拿生命冒险。   考查动词辨析。refuse拒绝；record记录；risk冒险；repeat重复。根据“protect our heads”和“losing our lives”可知，我们不能冒险失去生命。故选C。 7．—Mom, I’ll go to my friend’s party, but I don’t know what to wear. Could you make a ________ for me? —OK. Let me see. A．decision B．plan C．card 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我要去参加朋友的聚会，但我不知道穿什么。你能帮我做个决定吗？——好的，让我看看。 考查名词辨析。decision决定；plan计划；card卡片。根据“Mom, I’ll go to my friend’s party, but I don’t know what to wear. Could you make a...for me?”可知，孩子不知道穿什么，故应是需要妈妈帮忙决定穿什么。故选A。 8．When I passed there, I saw an old man ________ on the side of the road, crying hard. A．to lie B．lying C．lay 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我经过那里时，我看到一位老人在路边躺着，哭得很伤心。 考查非谓语动词。to lie躺，动词不定式；lying躺，动名词/现在分词形式；lay躺，动词过去式。“see”后接宾语再接动词时，常用“see sb. doing sth.”结构，表示“看见某人正在做某事”，这里“lying”是现在分词作宾语补足语，符合“经过时看到动作正在发生”的语境。故选B。 9．—How can I get to the nearest bank? —Take the No.207 bus and ________ at the third stop. A．get into B．get on C．get off D．get out of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我怎样才能到达最近的银行呢？——乘坐207路公交车，在第三站下车。 考查动词短语辨析。get into进入；get on上车；get off下车；get out of摆脱。根据“Take the No.207 bus and ... at the third stop.”可知，乘坐207路公交车，在第三站下车到达最近的银行。故选C。 考点2 易混词辨析 1. 易混词辨析 lie与lay lie v. 躺，位于，平放 lay—lain—lying You should lie down. 你应该躺下。 His school lies in the north of the city. 他的学校位于城北。 lie v. 说谎 lied—lied—lying He often lies. 他经常说谎。 lie n. 谎言 lies(复数) He often tells lies. 他经常说谎。 2. 易混词辨析be used to do sth , be used to do sth与used to do sth be used to sth / doing sth 意为＂习惯于……＂，相当于短语get used to。 ☞ Be patient and you will be used to the life here soon. 耐心些！很快你就会习惯这儿的生活的。 be used to do sth (=be used for doing sth ) 意为＂被用来做某事＂，是动词use的被动结构。 ☞ Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things. 塑料能被用来制造各种各样的东西。 used to do sth 意为＂过去常做某事＂，表达过去。 ☞ I used to go to the cinema, but I hardly ever have time for films now. 我过去经常去看电影，但现在我几乎没有时间看电影了。 3.run out与run out of 【易混辨析】 run out 是＂动词＋副词＂型动词短语，主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词。 ☞ His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快花完了。 run out of 作及物动词用(＝use up)，后接宾语，主语通常是人。  ☞ I have run out of my money before payday. 在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了我的钱。 4.lonely与alone 【易混辨析】 lonely 是形容词，含有较浓厚的感情色彩，可指人孤独，也可指地方偏僻。 alone 既是形容词又是副词，陈述客观事实，强调数量上的单一，不含感情色彩。 5.see sb do sth与see sb doing sth 【易混辨析】 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 强调看到动作发生的全过程或看到动作经常发生 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 强调看见动作正在进行 6. Set up与build 【易混辨析】 set up 意为＂建立，设立，开办＂，后常接某一组织、机构、团体等。 build 意为＂建造，修建＂，后常接建筑物、机械等。 7. raise与rise 【易混辨析】 raise及物（vt.） 使…… 上升 / 提高 / 养育等 主语 + raise + 宾语 rise不及物（vi.） 自身上升 / 上涨 / 起床等 主语 + rise（无宾语） 1．Although Mr. Hunt lives ________, he never feels ________. Some volunteers often visit him on weekends. A．lonely；alone B．lonely；lonely C．alone；alone D．alone；lonely 【答案】D 【详解】句意：虽然亨特先生独自生活，但他从不感到孤独。一些志愿者经常在周末去看望他。 考查形容词、副词的用法。alone单独的，独自地，既可以用作形容词，也可用作副词，表示无人陪伴，只陈述一个客观事实，不带感情色彩；lonely 孤独的，寂寞的，形容词，描述一种“寂寞的”情绪体验，带有浓厚的感情色彩。根据“Although Mr. Hunt lives… he never feels…”及分析句子结构可知，第一个空指亨特先生独自居住，不带感情色彩，此处是副词alone修饰动词lives，作状语；第二个空，有感情色彩，表示情感上的孤独。此处是形容词lonely修饰系动词feels，作表语。故选D。 2．The little girl used to be afraid of the dark, but now she ________ staying alone at home at night. A．is used to B．used to C．gets used to D．both A and C 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小女孩过去害怕黑暗，但现在她习惯于晚上独自待在家里。 考查动词短语。is used to习惯于；used to过去常常；gets used to变得习惯于；both A and C。根据句意，前半句“used to be afraid”表示过去的状态，后半句“now”强调现在的习惯状态，且空格后为动名词“staying”，需用“be used to”表示“习惯于”的稳定状态。故选A。 3．In the past, people ________ that AI was only in science-fiction movies. But now, we ________ it in many ways, like answering questions and making pictures. A．used to think; are used to using B．used to thinking; are used to use C．used to think; used to use D．used to thinking; used to use 【答案】A 【详解】句意：过去，人们常常认为AI只存在于科幻电影中。但是现在，我们已经习惯在很多方面使用它，比如回答问题和制作图片。 考查动词短语辨析。used to think过去常常认为；are used to using现在习惯于使用。used to do“过去常常做”，be used to doing“习惯于做某事”。根据“In the past, people...that AI was only in science-fiction movies. But now, we...it in many ways, like answering questions and making pictures.”可知，第一空表示人们过去常常认为AI只存在于科幻电影中；第二空表示现在习惯于使用它。故选A。 4．The hen _______ five eggs last week. Where did you _______ them? A．lay; lay B．laid; lay C．laid; lie D．lay; laid 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这只母鸡上周下了五个蛋。你把那些鸡蛋放在哪里了？ 考查时态。lay放置，下蛋，动词原形/躺，过去式；laid放置，下蛋，过去式/过去分词；lie撒谎，躺，位于，动词原形。根据句意可知，第一空时间状语是last week，应用一般过去时，表达的意思是“下蛋”，应填laid。第二空考查一般过去时的特殊疑问句，did后接动词原形，意思为“放置”，应填lay。故选B。 5．She ________ some problems. Let’s help her ________ them. A．got on; get out of B．got into; get out of C．got into; run out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她遇到了一些问题。让我们帮助她摆脱它们。 考查动词短语辨析。got on上车；got into陷入；get out of摆脱；run out of用完。根据“some problems”可知，此处指遇到一些问题，第一空应用got into；根据“help her...them”可知，此处指帮助她摆脱问题，第二空应用get out of。故选B。 6．—Dear, please get some fruit before it ________. —OK. I’ll go to the supermarket right away. A．runs out B．is run out C．is running out D．will be run out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——亲爱的，在水果用完之前，去买点水果吧。——好的。我马上去超市。 考查时态，run out“用完；耗尽”，常用主动语态，排除BD。根据“please get some fruit before it…”，可知这句话的时态为一般现在时，故选A。 7．—Your daughter is badly ill now. —Yes, she shouldn’t put off ________ to see the doctor. A．go B．went C．going D．to go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你女儿现在病得很重。——是的，她不应该推迟去看医生。 考查非谓语。put off doing sth.“推迟做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。 8．We want to __________ money for the sick people. A．give out B．hand out C．give away D．raise 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们想为生病的人筹钱。A. give out 分发，公布；   B. hand out 分发，施舍；   C. give away分发，赠送；    D. raise升起，筹集；根据句意故选D 9．—Can your little sister dress _______? —No, she’s only three years old. A．herself B．himself C．yourself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的小妹妹能自己穿衣服吗？——不能，她才三岁。 考查反身代词的用法。herself她自己；himself他自己；yourself你自己。主语“your little sister”是女性，需用女性反身代词herself表示“她自己”。故选A。 考点3 重点句型 1. —What’s the matter？ 怎么了？ —I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。？(八下Unit 1 P2) 【重点句型】What’s the matter? 意为＂怎么了? ＂，常用来询问身体不适、疾病等健康方面的问题；也可用来询问有什么麻烦或出了什么事。常与with 连用，后可跟sb/sth，意为＂某人或某物怎么了？＂ 【拓展 】 ＂(你)怎么了？＂各种常见表达： What’s the matter (with you)? ＝What’s the trouble (with you)? ＝What’s the problem (with you)? ＝What’ s wrong (with you)？ ＝What’s up? ＝What happened? 【例句 】 · What’s the matter with you? ---I have a sore throat. 2.—You should drink more warm water. (多喝热水)(八下Unit 2 P10) 【重点句型】 提建议的句型，含有情态动词should,常见表达You should do… 此外提建议的句型还有如下表达： You are supposed to do… You’d better do… What about / How about doing … Why don’t you do… Why not do… It’s best for you to do … It’s important for sb. to do sth. If you...,you should... 【例句】 · You should lie down and have a rest。 3.I have a headache ? (八下Unit 1 P2) 【重点句型】 疾病表达的句型 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” 类似的短语： have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache 患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache 患背痛 have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 此外， 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛 【例句】 · I have a toothache. 完成句子 1．She relaxed by doing yoga every morning. (对划线部分提问) she relax every morning? 【答案】 How did 【详解】句意：她每天上午通过做瑜伽来放松。划线部分是“by doing yoga”，这是对方式进行提问，要用“How”，注意首字母要大写；原句是一般过去时，疑问句需借助助动词“did”。故填How；did。 2．He had a fever last night.（对划线部分提问） with him last night? 【答案】 What was the matter 【详解】句意：他昨晚发烧了。原句划线部分是病症描述，提问时需用固定句型What’s the matter，因为时态是一般过去时，所以be动词用was。故填What；was；the；matter。 3．You should see a dentist. (对画线部分提问) I ? 【答案】 What should do 【详解】句意：你应该去看牙医。划线部分“see a dentist”，是问做什么事情，需用what提问，原句使用should，问句也需要用should，在情态动词后的“do”用原形。故填What；should；do。 4．She didn’t go to school because she had a high fever. (对划线部分提问) she go to school? 【答案】 Why didn’t 【详解】句意：她没去上学，因为她发高烧了。根据划线部分可知，需要对原因提问，用疑问词why，然后助动词didn’t置于主语she之前。故填Why；didn’t。 5．This sign says “No Parking”. (对画线部分提问) does this sign ? 【答案】 What say 【详解】句意：这个标志写着“禁止停车”。画线部分表示标志上的内容，疑问句应用what提问，句首首字母w要大写；does后接动词原形，所以原句中的动词says在疑问句中要变回原形say。故填What；say。 6．Mike put up some pictures on the wall yesterday. (就划线部分提问) Mike up on the wall yesterday? 【答案】 What did put 【详解】句意：迈克昨天在墙上贴了一些照片。划线部分“some pictures一些照片”为名词，在句中作宾语，应用what引导特殊疑问句，且句首首字母大写。又结合“Mike put…”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，应用助动词did引导特殊疑问句，其后应接谓语动词的原形。故填What；did；put。 7．We’ll help to clean up the school garden after school. (就划线部分提问) will you help after school? 【答案】 What to do 【详解】句意：放学后我们会帮忙打扫学校的花园。划线部分表示做的事，用what提问；help to do sth“帮助做某事”。故填What；to；do。 8．I am feeling better now. (对划线部分提问) are you now? 【答案】 How feeling 【详解】句意：我现在感觉好多了。根据题干可知，此处对人的感受进行提问，应用how引导特殊疑问句；原句中的feeling应放置在主语后。故填How；feeling。 9．They would like to clean the street. (就画线部分提问)    they like ? 【答案】 What would to do 【详解】句意：他们想打扫街道。划线部分表示想做的事情，对此提问疑问词用what；would放在主语they前；would like to do sth表示“想要做某事”，故填What；would；to；do。 考点4 重点语法 1. 情态动词should 1) 概述： should作情态动词，意为“应该”，可用于所有人称，表示劝告、建议或表示有责任（或义务）去做某事。 其后跟动词原形，和动词原形一起构成谓语。 2）形式 肯定句：主语＋should+动词原形（＋其他）。 否定句：主语＋should not/shouldn't+动词原形（＋其他）。 一般疑问句：Should+主语＋动词原形（＋其他）？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋should+主语＋动词原形（＋其他）？ You should make your bed.你应该自己铺床。 You shouldn't throw the rubbish here and there.你不应该到处扔垃圾。 Should I take my temperature first?我应该先量体温吗？ What should I do?我应该做什么？ 2.反身代词 1）概述 反身代词的构成反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词的宾格加词尾-self或selves构成。 其构成如下表： 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己 复数 ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 它们自己 反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，两者在人称和数上应保持一致。 例句:The girl can dress herself.这个女孩能给自己穿衣服。 I enjoyed myself at the party.在聚会上，我玩得很开心。 2）.反身代词的用法 (1)作动词的宾语。 常与反身代词连用的动词有enjoy，help，dress，hurt，teach，wash等。 常见词组有:look after oneself/take care of oneself照顾自己 teach oneself sth./learn sth.by oneself自学 help oneself to sth.请自用……（随便吃/喝些……） enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快 say to oneself自言自语 lose oneself in沉浸于，陶醉于……之中 leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下 introduce oneself介绍自己 例句:He teaches himself English.他自学英语。 (2)作介词的宾语，常和by构成固定短语，表示“独立地；单独地”。 例句:The little girl went to school by herself.小女孩独自一人去上学了。 (3)反身代词可以在句中作同位语，起强调作用，置于名词、代词的后面或句末，表示“自己；亲自”。 例句:He himself built the rocket.他自己建造了那支火箭。 (4)反身代词还可作表语。 例句:He is not himself today.他今天有点不太舒服。 ①反身代词不能单独作主语，但可以作主语的同位语，起强调作用。 例句:我自己能完成作业。(误)Myself can finish my homework.(正)I myself can finish my homework. I can finish my homework myself. ②反身代词表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，要用one's own. 例句:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I'm drawing with myself crayons.(正)I'm drawing with my own crayons. 3. 动词不定式 1) 概述：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为＂to＋动词原形＂，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。 2） 动词不定式的形式及性质 （1）动词不定式的基本形式：to do（to有时可省略）； （2）动词不定式变否定：not （to） do； （3）动词不定式无人称变化； （4）动词不定式仍保留动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 to speak at the meeting 在会议上发言 to read newspapers 看报纸 3）动词不定式的句法作用 1、作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin，want，remember，agree，learn，like，decide，fail，pretend，demand，refuse等。 You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己。 They volunteer to clean up the house for the old lady. 他们自愿给老人打扫房子。 They would like to come by bus. 他们想乘公共汽车来。 2、作宾语补足语。 动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell，ask，want，like，invite，encourage，help等。但在see，watch，hear，feel，notice等感官动词或let，make，have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号＂to＂，可以归纳为以下三种句式： 1. 不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite / encourage / teach / depend on等+ sb + to do sth ☞ The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. 老师告诉我们明天早点来。 ☞ Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她的父母希望她成为一名教师。 2. 省＂to＂的不定式作宾语补足语： （1）Let / make / have + sb +do sth ☞ Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩现在出去。 ☞ They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month. 上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。 （2）see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb +do sth ☞ I heard them argue this morning. 今天早上我听到他们吵架了。（强调整个过程）  【注意】 ①help带不带to均可以。 ☞ I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做家务。 ②此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原to。 ☞ William is often seen to play Chinese kung fu in the park. 人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。 4. 否定形式： （1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。 ☞ Tell them not to play football in the street. （2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。 ☞ Let the boy not go. 不要让那个男孩走。 3）、作状语 （1）作目的状语。 ☞ He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。 强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不可用于句首。 ☞ The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。 （2）作结果状语。 ☞ He woke up only to find everybody gone. 他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。 ☞ His grandma lived to see the liberation of China. 他奶奶活到了中国解放。 ☞ He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大了，可以去上学了。 （3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。 ☞ I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions. 很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。 ☞ I’m happy to have found many things I can do. 很高兴找到了很多我能做的事。 ◆ 动词不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等特殊疑问词连用。 ☞ The question is I don’t know when to start. 问题是我不知道什么时候开始。 1．We’ll attend the tea festival in our town ________ more about tea culture. A．learning B．learns C．learnt D．to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们将参加我们镇上的茶节，以了解更多关于茶文化的知识。 考查非谓语动词。learning学习，现在分词；learns学习，第三人称单数；learnt学习，过去式；to learn去学习，动词不定式。根据句意可知，“参加茶节”的目的是“学习茶文化”，所以此处应用动词不定式表目的。故选D。 2．My friends and I always do some part-time jobs ________ money for the disabled, though we know it is just a small action. A．raise B．to raise C．raising 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我和我的朋友们总是做一些兼职工作为残疾人筹款，尽管我们知道这只是一个小行动。 考查动词形式辨析。raise筹集，动词原形；to raise筹集，动词不定式；raising筹集，现在分词。做兼职的目的是为了给残疾人筹款，即需用动词不定式“to+动词原形”表目的。故选B。 3．I think you should ________ the dog to an animal hospital because it is ill. A．take B．taking C．takes D．took 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为你应该带这只狗去动物医院，因为它病了。 考查动词的时态。根据“should”可知，情态动词后跟动词原形。故选A。 4．Smoking is bad for your health. You should ________. A．give it up B．give up them C．give up it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：吸烟对你的健康有害。你应该戒烟。 考查代词作宾语时的位置和代词辨析。give up放弃；it它，单数，指代上文提到的同一件事；them它们，复数，指代一些人或事物。根据语境可知，吸烟对健康有害，可推测此处是你应该戒烟，即放弃吸烟，此处代词为give up的宾语，应放在give和up之间，且又因代词在这里指代吸烟这件事，单数，应用it指代。故选A。 5．My grandma says young people should learn to look after ________. A．myself B．herself C．yourselves D．themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的奶奶说年轻人应该学会去照顾自己。 考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己；herself她自己；yourselves你/你们自己；themselves他们自己。根据“young people”可知，主语young people为第三人称复数，此处应用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故选D。 6．We should depend on ________ more than our parents and teachers. A．we B．us C．ours D．ourselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该学会更多的去依靠自己，而不是我们的父母和老师。 考查代词辨析。we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；ours我们的；ourselves我们自己。由“We should depend on…more than our parents and teachers”可知，此处指依靠我们自己，应用反身代词。故选D。 7．Boys and girls, I’ll tell you _________, and then you should finish it __________. A．how to do it; by yourself B．what to do; on your own C．what to do it; by yourself D．how to do; alone 【答案】A 【详解】句意：孩子们，我来告诉你们该怎么做，然后你们应该自己完成。 考查疑问句+动词不定式和固定短语辨析。how to do it如何做这件事；what to do做什么；by yourself=on your own=alone独自；C项和D项为错误选项。根据“then you should finish it”可知，上文提及了此事，应该表示“我告诉你如何做这件事”，然后你们自己做。故选A。 8．— Has Jane done the washing yet? — You cannot her to do such a thing. A．want B．hope C．expect D．wish 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：句意：－珍尼洗衣服了吗？－你不能期待她做那样的事情。A. want要，想要；B. hope希望；C. expect期待；D. wish希望，祝愿。expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期望某人做某事”, 符合句意。故选C。 考点：考查动词辨析。 1、 单项选择 1．—What’s ________ matter with Julia? —She has ________ cold and needs to rest at home. A．the; the B．the; a C．a; the D．a; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——茱莉亚怎么了？——她感冒了，需要在家休息。 考查冠词的用法。what’s the matter with sb.?“某人怎么了？”，固定表达；have a cold“患感冒”，固定短语。故选B。 2．—Ben invites me to dinner. What should I wear? —You do not need to ________ for dinner. Wear just as usual. A．put up B．dress up C．take up D．give up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——本邀请我去吃晚饭。我该穿什么？——你不必为晚餐而盛装打扮。就像平常一样穿。 考查动词短语辨析。put up举起；dress up盛装打扮；take up占用；give up放弃。根据“You do not need to...for dinner. Wear just as usual.”可知，像平常一样穿，不必盛装打扮，故选B。 3．When Li Ming didn’t pass the exam, his teacher told him not to ______ hope. A．fix up B．give up C．stand up D．build up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当李明考试不及格时，他的老师告诉他不要放弃希望。fix up修理，give up放弃，stand up站起来，build up增进。根据When Li Ming didn’t pass the exam,可知此处表示李明考试不及格，因此要告诉他不要放弃希望，故选B。 4．—Mom, I’ll go to my friend’s party, but I don’t know what to wear. Could you make a ________ for me? —OK. Let me see. A．decision B．plan C．card 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我要去参加朋友的聚会，但我不知道穿什么。你能帮我做个决定吗？——好的，让我看看。 考查名词辨析。decision决定；plan计划；card卡片。根据“Mom, I’ll go to my friend’s party, but I don’t know what to wear. Could you make a...for me?”可知，孩子不知道穿什么，故应是需要妈妈帮忙决定穿什么。故选A。 5．When you both get into trouble, don’t give up but cheer _________up. A．ourselves B．himself C．yourselves D．myself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你们都处于麻烦中的时候，不要放弃，而要让你们自己振作起来。 考查反身代词。ourselves我们自己；himself他自己；yourselves你自己，你们自己；myself我自己。根据“When you both”可知表达的是让你们自己振作起来，用反身代词yourselves。故选C。 6．Miss Li asked me to the exercise books before we began to do our homework. A．clean up B．call up C．hand out D．fix up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李小姐让我们在写家庭作业前先把练习册交上去。其中，ask sb to do sth表示要求某人做某事。clean up 打扫; call up 给….打电话; hand out 上交; fix up 修理。根据句意，应当是上交作业，故选C。 7．She works ________ in the city, but she doesn’t feel ________. A．alone; alone B．lonely; lonely C．alone; lonely D．lonely; alone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她一个人在城里工作，但她并不感到孤独。 考查形容词副词的用法。alone独自，副词；lonely孤独的，形容词。根据“She works ... in the city”可知，第一空指她独自一人在城里工作，用副词alone修饰动词；再根据“she doesn’t feel”可知，第二空指她不感到孤独，feel后接形容词lonely作表语。故选C。 8．My grandpa ________ getting up early so that he runs for half an hour to keep healthy. A．is used to B．is interested in C．is excited about 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爷爷习惯早起去跑步半小时以保持身体健康。 考查短语辨析。be used to习惯于；be interested in对……感兴趣；be excited about对……感到兴奋。根据“My grandpa...getting up early so that he runs for half an hour to keep healthy.”可知，此处应是表示爷爷习惯早起去跑步，以保持身体健康。故选A。 9．—Hey, Bill, how are you? Do you feel ________ today? —No, I feel ________. A．well, worse B．better, sick C．fine, sick D．better, worse 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——嘿，比尔，你好吗？你今天感觉好点了吗？——没有，我感觉更糟了。 考查形容词比较级。well作形容词时，表示“身体好”；better更好的，比较级；sick生病的；fine好的；worse更糟的，比较级。根据前面的“Do you feel”和后面的“today”可知，此处暗指“今天”和“今天之前”的比较，应该用形容词比较级，排除A和C。由句意可知，应该是感觉更糟了，用bad的比较级worse，排除B。故选D。 10．My dad made a ______ to give up______. A．decision, smoking B．decide, smoking C．decision, smoke D．decide, smoke 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爸爸决定戒烟。考查名词辨析及动词非谓语。根据My dad made a ____ to give up____.可知句意为“我爸爸决定戒烟。”第一个空，设空处前面有不定冠词a，所以此处应用名词形式，make a decision固定搭配，意思是“作决定”；第二个空，give up doing sth.固定搭配，意思是“放弃做某事”，give up后面接名词或动名词作宾语，所以用smoking；故答案选A。 2、 适当形式填空 1．The (important) of learning English well is known to us all. 【答案】importance 【详解】句意：学好英语的重要性是我们大家都知道的。根据空前定冠词“The”后跟名词可知，此处需用名词importance，表示“重要性”，为不可数名词，故填importance。 2．She was very sad because of her grandmother’s (die). 【答案】death 【详解】句意：她因奶奶的去世感到非常悲伤。根据“her grandmother’s”可知，其后接die的名词death，表示“死亡，去世”，不可数名词。故填death。 3．You’d better make a ___________ at once, or someone else will take this opportunity. (decide) 【答案】decision 【详解】句意：你最好马上做决定，否则别人会利用这个机会。make a decision做出决定。故答案用decide的名词形式decision。 4．There are many riding bicycles in the park. (passenger) 【答案】passengers 【详解】句意：公园里有很多乘客在骑自行车。根据“many”可知，many后面接可数名词复数形式；passenger是可数名词，意为“乘客”，其复数形式是“passengers”。故填passengers。 5．This travel guidebook provides detailed information about many famous places of (interest) in Beijing. 【答案】interest 【详解】句意：这本旅游指南详细介绍了北京许多著名的景点。根据题意和提示词可知，places of interest“名胜古迹”，固定短语。故填interest。 6．Everyone was (excite) when they heard the news about the school trip. 【答案】excited 【详解】句意：当听到学校旅行的消息时，每个人都很兴奋。根据“Everyone was”结合提示词可知，此处表示每个人都很兴奋，因此应用excited“兴奋的”，形容词作表语。故填excited。 7．I felt very (lone) when I first arrived in Nanjing, but now I’ve made many friends. 【答案】lonely 【详解】句意：我第一次到南京时感到非常孤独，但现在我已经交了很多朋友。“felt”（感到）是系动词，后接形容词作表语，“lone”（独自的）侧重客观状态，“lonely”（孤独的）侧重主观感受，此处表达主观孤独感，用“lonely”，故填lonely。 8．After all, children must learn to get over (difficult) on their own. 【答案】difficulties 【详解】句意：毕竟，孩子们必须学会自己克服困难。空格处需要名词作get over的宾语。difficult是形容词，其名词形式为difficulty。根据句意“克服困难”通常用复数形式difficulties表示泛指。故填difficulties。 3、 短文填空 阅读短文，语法填空。 Playgrounds in schools and parks are usually built to be safe enough. Most of the safety rules were created 1 the 1980s, after a few accidents happened on playgrounds. Some children were hurt 2 (serious) in these accidents. Their parents said the playgrounds weren’t safe enough, and that the bosses that owned the playground 3 (have) to pay much money to those parents. After that, schools and cities began changing playgrounds to make them as safe 4 possible. But safe playgrounds have not really made a 5 (different) in the accidents. In fact, there have been more accidents where children have broken an arm or a leg. Some experts believe that this is because children can learn to be careful only 6 they are in danger. Children should do things that seem a little dangerous—like climbing trees, riding bikes really fast or playing near water. Those things can teach 7 (they) how to keep safe. When children have small accident, they learn how 8 (avoid)worse accidents. If children 9 (allow) to take some risks, they can become confident and independent.They also get better at problem-solving and teamwork. Many experts also believe that “safe” playgrounds are too boring. They say that if playgrounds were more challenging and 10 (excite), kids would probably get more exercise. 【答案】 1．in 2．seriously 3．had 4．as 5．difference 6．when 7．them 8．to aviod 9．are allowed 10．exciting 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了现在学校和公园的广场是安全的，安全规则的制定是因为80年代发生的几起事故。但是事实上安全广场并没有让事故的发生有什么变化，反而有增多，专家认为孩子们应该发生一些小的事故，这样孩子才会知道如何避免更严重的事故，对建立孩子的自信和独立性有好处，我们应该让广场更具有挑战性，让孩子得到更好的锻炼。 1．句意：大多数安全规则都是在20世纪80年代操场上发生几起事故后制定的。根据“the 1980s”可知，指的是在20世纪80年代，因此用介词in。故填in。 2．句意：一些孩子在这些事故中受了重伤。根据“were hurt”可知，此空需要副词，结合英文提示，seriously符合句意。故填seriously。 3．句意：他们的父母说，这些操场不够安全，操场的老板不得不付给这些家长很多钱。根据“Their parents said the playgrounds weren’t safe enough”可知，此句时态是一般过去时，因此此空也用过去时态，结合英文提示，had符合句意。故填had。 4．句意：在那之后，学校和城市开始改变操场，使它们尽可能安全。根据固定搭配“尽可能……：as adj./adv. as possible”可知，此空as符合句意。故填as。 5．句意：但是安全的操场并没有对事故产生真正的影响。根据固定搭配“对……有影响：make a difference to...”可知，difference符合句意。故填difference。 6．句意：一些专家认为，这是因为孩子们只有在遇到危险时才能学会小心。根据“children can learn to be careful”可知，孩子只有在危险的时候，才学会小心，因此when符合句意。故填when。 7．句意：这些东西可以教会他们如何保持安全。根据“teach”可知，此空需要人称代词的宾格形式，结合英文提示，them符合句意。故填them。 8．句意：当孩子发生小事故时，他们学会了如何避免更严重的事故。根据“特殊疑问词+to do”可知，此空需要动词的不定式，结合英文提示，to avoid符合句意。故填to avoid。 9．句意：如果允许孩子们冒险，他们会变得自信和独立。根据“children”和“allow”可知，两者是动宾关系，children作主语，因此此句用被动语态；再者根据if条件状语从句的“主将从现”原则可知，are allowed符合句意。故填are allowed。 10．句意：他们说，如果操场更有挑战性、更刺激，孩子们可能会得到更多的锻炼。根据“more challenging and”可知，此空需要一个形容词，结合英文提示，exciting符合句意。故填exciting。 17 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $