Unit 3 Period 1 Reading and interaction（分层作业）英语沪教版必修第三册

Unit 3 The way we are Period 1 Reading and interaction分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 以……的方式____________________________ 2. 与……互动____________________________ 3. 塑造我们的个性_________________________ 4. 对……有影响____________________________ 5. 适应新环境____________________________ 6. 与……建立联系__________________________ 7. 表达自己的观点__________________________ 8. 被……所吸引____________________________ 9. 基于共同的兴趣__________________________ 10. 代代相传____________________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. According to the context, this symbol is a vivid ____________ (表现；描绘) of traditional culture.（首字母r） 2. My father likes to ____________ (刮脸) every morning before going to work.（首字母s） 3. There is a obvious ____________ (代沟) between the young and the old in their lifestyles.（首字母g） 4. The ____________ (金属) shelf is strong enough to hold many books.（首字母m） 5. She tried to ____________ (伸展) her legs after sitting for a whole afternoon.（首字母s） 6. The lady in the red dress looks very ____________ (优雅的) at the party.（首字母e） 7. It’s ____________ (奇怪的) that he didn’t show up at the meeting as promised.（首字母o） 8. This app can ____________ (使能够) users to communicate with people around the world.（首字母e） 9. The little girl likes to wear ____________ (化妆品) when playing dress-up games.（首字母m） 10. After the exam, everything will return to ____________ (正常的) soon.（首字母n） 三、单句语法填空。 1. She felt confused because the cultural expectations here were quite different from those in her hometown. She ________ (must / might) have misunderstood some social rules. 2. The boy ________ (stand) at the corner of the street is my classmate, who often talks about his experience of cross-cultural communication. 3. ________ (realize) the importance of cultural identity, many teenagers begin to learn more about their traditional customs. 4. His parents ________ (not allow) him to stay out late before, but now they are more understanding of his social life. 5. The story told by the old man is about a girl ________ (struggle) to balance her own dreams with family expectations. 6. It is the first time that we ________ (discuss) such a hot topic related to the way we interact with people from different backgrounds. 7. He sent me a message ________ (hope) to get some advice on how to deal with cultural misunderstandings. 8. The traditional festival ________ (celebrate) in this area for centuries has become a symbol of local cultural heritage. 9. You ________ (should / can) have communicated your ideas clearly; then there wouldn’t have been so much misunderstanding. 10. Many young people are curious about the way people from other countries live, so they often look for information ________ (active) online. 四、句子翻译 1. Our personalities are shaped by a combination of nature and nurture. 2. It is widely believed that our genes have a significant influence on our character. 3. The environment in which we grow up plays an equally important role in shaping who we are. 4. Some people are born with a more outgoing and sociable nature. 5. Others may develop a quieter and more reserved personality due to their life experiences. 6. Understanding the factors that shape our personalities can help us accept ourselves and others better. 7. A person’s attitude towards life is often closely related to their upbringing and life circumstances. 8. We should respect the differences in personalities among people around us. 9. Even identical twins, who share the same genes, can have different personalities. 10. The way we behave and interact with others is a reflection of our inner personality. 五、语法填空 Cultural differences in communication styles can sometimes lead to misunderstandings. For example, when meeting someone new, people from some cultures prefer a firm handshake, while others may greet with a gentle nod. These different ways of interacting 1.________ (root) in long-held traditions and values. A recent survey 2.________ (conduct) among high school students shows that most teenagers are comfortable 3.________ (communicate) with peers from different backgrounds. However, they admit that understanding non-verbal cues, such as eye contact and body language, 4.________ (be) not always easy. One of the key 5.________ (factor) in smooth cross-cultural communication is empathy. By putting ourselves in others' shoes, we can better appreciate 6.________ way they express themselves. It's also important to avoid 7.________ (judge) others' behaviors based on our own cultural norms. Experts suggest that 8.________ (learn) about different cultural practices can help reduce conflicts. When we know more about the reasons behind people's actions, we are more likely to respond 9.________ (appropriate). After all, the way we interact with others 10.________ (shape) by both our personal experiences and the culture we grow up in. 六、阅读理解 （上海市普陀区宜川中学2023-2024学年高一下学期英语期中考试）Attachment Parenting is not Indulgent (纵容) Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums (发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys. Attachment Parenting is not “afraid of tears” parenting. Our kids cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so strong that they need to get them out. They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things. Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling (抓紧) to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover. I supervise (监督). I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don’t slap (拍，打) curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do what he wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely. Most of the negative things that I hear about “Attachment Parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment-Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught, not trained. 1．According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry? A．Reward them with toys. B．Try to stop them crying. C．Provide comfort and love to them. D．Hold them tight in their arms. 2．What does “free-range” (in Para.3) refer to according to the passage? A．The author’s providing of a home base. B．The author’s readiness to play games with their kids. C．The author’s being curious about watching the games they play. D．The author’s willingness to give their kids freedom of movement. 3．Which of the following is NOT Attachment Parenting? A．Encouraging your child’s curiosity. B．Always standing by to protect your child. C．Helping your child to do the right thing. D．Showing your child how things are done. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．A certain type of parenting B．Parent-child relationships. C．How to bring out love in children. D．How to build children’s self-confidence. 七、六选四 （23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末）Power Causes Brain Damage If power were a drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects. It can intoxicate. It can corrupt. It can even cause brain damage. Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury: 1 Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. 2 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not-so-powerful under a transcranial-magnetic-stimulation machine, he found that power, in fact, damages a specific neural (神经系统的) process, “mirroring,” that may be an important part of empathy. This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the “power paradox”: Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. 3 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view — a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer’s vantage point. Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves — and backwards to everyone else. (This calls to mind George W. Bush, who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.) Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling, or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark. People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. 4 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. Powerful people “stop simulating the experience of others,” Keltner says, which leads to what he calls an “empathy deficit.” This is a depressing finding, but is there nothing to be done? No and yes. It’s difficult to stop power’s tendency to affect your brain. What’s easier — from time to time, at least — is to stop feeling powerful. Power is not a post or a position but a mental state. Recount a time you did not feel powerful, Keltner suggests, and your brain can empathize with reality. A．Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. B．It’s what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone’s hand squeezing a rubber ball. C．That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. D．The historian Henry Adams described power as “a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim’s sympathies.” E．Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. F．They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. 八、完形填空 （上海大学附属嘉定高中2023-2024学年高一下学期期中质量监测）The end of high school can be a stressful time. You’re finishing up high school while also 1 the next stage of your life. This often means applying to colleges and taking entrance exams, a process that 2 causes concerns. We are here to help walk you through the process. Accept help The university admissions process looks 3 especially if you’re facing it alone. Fortunately, though, you don’t have to feel 4 . You can talk to a teacher you trust for help with making 5 about which schools to apply to and preparing for tests. Good teachers care about their students and want them to succeed. If possible, talk through the admissions process with your family. Even if they have never been to a university, they’ll still care about you. Depend on them for emotional 6 . It may also help to talk with friends and classmates about the process. 7 your emotions with others is a good way to 8 the burden of worry.Care for your health You may think you don’t have enough time to sleep, exercise or eat healthy food. But in fact, you’ll get more done in less time if you’re healthy enough to be 9 . And 10 , your physical health will affect your happiness more than academic achievements. Manage your expectations Apply to 11 schools so if you don’t get into your first choice, you have a backup plan. Also, understand that if you’re rejected (拒绝), it doesn’t mean you’re a bad student. At the best schools, qualified students sometimes don’t get in. Besides, 12 isn’t everything. Your future depends more on how hard you work than on the school name written on your diploma. And you can get just as good a(n) 13 at many less known schools as you can at the best-known ones. And above all, remember that your 14 doesn’t depend on the results of college admissions. You are valuable and deeply loved, and no rejection can 15 that. 1．A．talking about B．hurrying off C．taking off D．worrying about 2．A．amusingly B．financially C．entirely D．typically 3．A．guilty B．frightening C．simple D．beneficial 4．A．helpless B．positive C．fascinated D．impatient 5．A．jokes B．comments C．decisions D．excuses 6．A．support B．impact C．stress D．concern 7．A．Following B．Keeping C．Sharing D．Practising 8．A．lighten B．deny C．maintain D．remain 9．A．reliable B．pleasing C．comfortable D．attentive 10．A．at first sight B．in the long run C．out of the question D．all of a sudden 11．A．traditional B．several C．ordinary D．advanced 12．A．fame B．graduation C．leisure D．technique 13．A．friend B．lesson C．education D．assignment 14．A．symptom B．proposal C．value D．imagination 15．A．reward B．attract C．track D．change 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 3 The way we are Period 1 Reading and interaction分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 以……的方式____________________________ 2. 与……互动____________________________ 3. 塑造我们的个性_________________________ 4. 对……有影响____________________________ 5. 适应新环境____________________________ 6. 与……建立联系__________________________ 7. 表达自己的观点__________________________ 8. 被……所吸引____________________________ 9. 基于共同的兴趣__________________________ 10. 代代相传____________________________ 【答案】 1. 答案：in the way that / in the manner that 解析：way 后接定语从句时，关系词可用 that / in which 或省略；manner 为正式用语，与 way 表意相近。 2. 答案：interact with 解析：及物动词短语，后直接接宾语，例：We should interact with different people to broaden our horizons. 3. 答案：shape our personalities 解析：shape 此处为动词，意为“塑造、使成形”；personality 为可数名词，此处用复数表泛指。 4. 答案：have an influence on / have an effect on 解析：influence 和 effect 均可表示“影响”，influence 更侧重潜移默化的影响，effect 常指具体的效果。 5. 答案：adapt to the new environment 解析：adapt to 为固定搭配，意为“适应”；environment 表示“环境”时，常与 the 连用。 6. 答案：establish connections with / build links with 解析：establish 和 build 都有“建立”之意，establish 更正式，connection 和 link 均可表示“联系”。 7. 答案：express one’s own opinions / voice one’s own views 解析：express 和 voice 都可表示“表达”，voice 更强调“吐露心声”；opinion 和 view 均表“观点”，view 更侧重个人见解。 8. 答案：be attracted to / be drawn to 解析：attract 和 draw 都有“吸引”之意，被动语态中 to 为介词，后接人或事物。 9. 答案：based on common interests 解析：based on 为过去分词短语作状语或定语，表“基于”；common 意为“共同的、普遍的”。 10. 答案：pass down from generation to generation / hand down from one generation to the next 解析：pass down 与 hand down 均表示“传承、传递”，generation to generation 为固定表达，意为“代代相传”。 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. According to the context, this symbol is a vivid ____________ (表现；描绘) of traditional culture.（首字母r） 2. My father likes to ____________ (刮脸) every morning before going to work.（首字母s） 3. There is a obvious ____________ (代沟) between the young and the old in their lifestyles.（首字母g） 4. The ____________ (金属) shelf is strong enough to hold many books.（首字母m） 5. She tried to ____________ (伸展) her legs after sitting for a whole afternoon.（首字母s） 6. The lady in the red dress looks very ____________ (优雅的) at the party.（首字母e） 7. It’s ____________ (奇怪的) that he didn’t show up at the meeting as promised.（首字母o） 8. This app can ____________ (使能够) users to communicate with people around the world.（首字母e） 9. The little girl likes to wear ____________ (化妆品) when playing dress-up games.（首字母m） 10. After the exam, everything will return to ____________ (正常的) soon.（首字母n） 【答案】 1. 答案：representation 解析：名词，意为“表现；描述；描绘”，对应音标/ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃn/，常见搭配“a representation of”，派生词为represent（动词，代表）和representative（形容词/名词，代表的/代表）。 2. 答案：shave 解析：动词，意为“剃（须发）；刮脸”，音标/ʃeɪv/，常用搭配“shave one’s face”，派生词有shaver（名词，剃须刀）、shaving（名词，刮脸）。 3. 答案：generation 解析：名词，意为“一代人；一辈人”，音标/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/，“generation gap”为固定短语表示“代沟”，派生词为generational（形容词，代际的）。 4. 答案：metal 解析：名词，意为“金属”，音标/ˈmetl/，具有坚硬、导电导热的特性，常见搭配“metal products”（金属制品），派生词为metallic（形容词，金属的）。 5. 答案：stretch 解析：动词，意为“拉长；伸展”，音标/stretʃ/，常用搭配“stretch out”（伸展），派生词有stretchy（形容词，有弹性的）。 6. 答案：elegant 解析：形容词，意为“优美的；文雅的”，音标/ˈelɪgənt/，可修饰人或事物，派生词为elegantly（副词，优雅地）、elegance（名词，优雅）。 7. 答案：odd 解析：形容词，意为“奇怪的；反常的”，音标/ɒd/，还可表示“奇数的”，派生词为oddly（副词，奇怪地）。 8. 答案：enable 解析：动词，意为“使能够；使有机会”，音标/ɪˈneɪbl/，核心搭配“enable sb. to do sth.”（使某人能够做某事），无常见派生词。 9. 答案：make-up 解析：名词，意为“化妆品”，音标/ˈmeɪk ʌp/，也可写作“makeup”，常见搭配“put on make-up”（化妆）。 10. 答案：normal 解析：形容词（此处用原形），意为“正常的；典型的”，音标/ˈnɔ:ml/，固定短语“return to normal”（恢复正常），派生词为normally（副词，通常）、norm（名词，标准）。 三、单句语法填空。 1. She felt confused because the cultural expectations here were quite different from those in her hometown. She ________ (must / might) have misunderstood some social rules. 2. The boy ________ (stand) at the corner of the street is my classmate, who often talks about his experience of cross-cultural communication. 3. ________ (realize) the importance of cultural identity, many teenagers begin to learn more about their traditional customs. 4. His parents ________ (not allow) him to stay out late before, but now they are more understanding of his social life. 5. The story told by the old man is about a girl ________ (struggle) to balance her own dreams with family expectations. 6. It is the first time that we ________ (discuss) such a hot topic related to the way we interact with people from different backgrounds. 7. He sent me a message ________ (hope) to get some advice on how to deal with cultural misunderstandings. 8. The traditional festival ________ (celebrate) in this area for centuries has become a symbol of local cultural heritage. 9. You ________ (should / can) have communicated your ideas clearly; then there wouldn’t have been so much misunderstanding. 10. Many young people are curious about the way people from other countries live, so they often look for information ________ (active) online. 【答案】 1. might 解析：考查情态动词表推测。句意为“她感到困惑，因为这里的文化期望与她家乡的大不相同，她可能误解了一些社会规则”。must have done 表“一定做过”，语气过于肯定；might have done 表“可能做过”，符合语境中不确定的推测，故填 might。 2. standing 解析：考查动词 -ing 形式作定语。句中主语 The boy 与 stand 是逻辑主动关系，且动作正在进行，用现在分词作后置定语，相当于 who is standing，故填 standing。 3. Realizing 解析：考查动词 -ing 形式作状语。主语 many teenagers 与 realize 是逻辑主动关系，用现在分词表原因，相当于 As they realize，句首首字母大写，故填 Realizing。 4. didn’t allow 解析：考查一般过去时。根据时间状语 before（以前），可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的否定形式，借助助动词 didn’t，后接动词原形，故填 didn’t allow。 5. struggling 解析：考查动词 -ing 形式作定语。先行词 a girl 与 struggle 是逻辑主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，相当于 who is struggling，故填 struggling。 6. have discussed 解析：考查固定句型。It is the first time that... 句型中，that 从句需用现在完成时，主语 we 为复数，故填 have discussed。 7. hoping 解析：考查动词 -ing 形式作伴随状语。主语 He 与 hope 是逻辑主动关系，用现在分词表伴随动作，故填 hoping。 8. celebrated 解析：考查过去分词作定语。先行词 The traditional festival 与 celebrate 是逻辑被动关系，且动作持续了几个世纪，用过去分词作后置定语，故填 celebrated。 9. should 解析：考查情态动词 + have done。句意为“你本应该把想法说清楚，那样就不会有这么多误解了”。should have done 表“本应该做却没做”，符合语境；can have done 多用于否定/疑问句表推测，故填 should。 10. actively 解析：考查副词。修饰动词 look for 需用副词，active 的副词形式为 actively，意为“积极地”，故填 actively。 四、句子翻译 1. Our personalities are shaped by a combination of nature and nurture. 2. It is widely believed that our genes have a significant influence on our character. 3. The environment in which we grow up plays an equally important role in shaping who we are. 4. Some people are born with a more outgoing and sociable nature. 5. Others may develop a quieter and more reserved personality due to their life experiences. 6. Understanding the factors that shape our personalities can help us accept ourselves and others better. 7. A person’s attitude towards life is often closely related to their upbringing and life circumstances. 8. We should respect the differences in personalities among people around us. 9. Even identical twins, who share the same genes, can have different personalities. 10. The way we behave and interact with others is a reflection of our inner personality. 【答案】 1. 译文：我们的性格是由先天禀赋与后天培养共同塑造的。 解析：a combination of 意为“……的结合体”；nature 此处指“先天禀赋、天性”，nurture 指“后天培养、环境影响”，是本单元核心词汇搭配。 2. 译文：人们普遍认为，基因对我们的性格有着重要影响。 解析：It is widely believed that… 是固定句式，意为“人们普遍认为……”，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句；have a significant influence on 等同于 have a great impact on，表示“对……有重大影响”。 3. 译文：我们成长的环境在塑造自我的过程中，起着同等重要的作用。 解析：in which we grow up 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the environment，可替换为 where we grow up；play a role in doing sth 意为“在做某事的过程中发挥作用”。 4. 译文：有些人天生性格外向、善于交际。 解析：be born with 意为“天生具有……”；outgoing 表示“外向的”，sociable 表示“善于社交的”，二者是近义词，并列使用增强语义。 5. 译文：另一些人则可能因生活经历，养成文静内敛的性格。 解析：due to 意为“由于、因为”，后接名词或名词性短语；reserved 此处指“（性格）内敛的、矜持的”，是描述性格的高频形容词。 6. 译文：弄清塑造性格的各种因素，有助于我们更好地接纳自己与他人。 解析：Understanding the factors… 是动名词短语作主语；that shape our personalities 是定语从句，修饰 the factors；help sb (to) do sth 意为“帮助某人做某事”，to 可省略。 7. 译文：一个人对待生活的态度，往往与其成长经历和生活境遇密切相关。 解析：attitude towards 是固定搭配，意为“对……的态度”；be closely related to 表示“与……密切相关”；upbringing 指“养育、教养、成长经历”，是正式用语。 8. 译文：我们应当尊重身边人各异的性格特点。 解析：respect the differences in… 意为“尊重……方面的差异”；among people around us 作后置定语，限定修饰的对象范围。 9. 译文：即便是拥有相同基因的同卵双胞胎，性格也可能存在差异。 解析：identical twins 意为“同卵双胞胎”，fraternal twins 则表示“异卵双胞胎”；who share the same genes 是非限制性定语从句，补充说明 identical twins 的特征。 10. 译文：我们的行为方式以及与他人的互动模式，都是内心性格的外在体现。 解析：The way we behave and interact with others 是主语部分，the way 后接定语从句时，关系词可省略；a reflection of 意为“……的反映、体现”。 五、语法填空 Cultural differences in communication styles can sometimes lead to misunderstandings. For example, when meeting someone new, people from some cultures prefer a firm handshake, while others may greet with a gentle nod. These different ways of interacting 1.________ (root) in long-held traditions and values. A recent survey 2.________ (conduct) among high school students shows that most teenagers are comfortable 3.________ (communicate) with peers from different backgrounds. However, they admit that understanding non-verbal cues, such as eye contact and body language, 4.________ (be) not always easy. One of the key 5.________ (factor) in smooth cross-cultural communication is empathy. By putting ourselves in others' shoes, we can better appreciate 6.________ way they express themselves. It's also important to avoid 7.________ (judge) others' behaviors based on our own cultural norms. Experts suggest that 8.________ (learn) about different cultural practices can help reduce conflicts. When we know more about the reasons behind people's actions, we are more likely to respond 9.________ (appropriate). After all, the way we interact with others 10.________ (shape) by both our personal experiences and the culture we grow up in. 【答案】 1. are rooted 解析：考查固定搭配和被动语态。"be rooted in" 为固定短语，意为“植根于”；主语 "these different ways" 为复数，且描述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态 "are rooted"。 2. conducted 解析：考查非谓语动词。survey 与 conduct 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词 "conducted" 作后置定语，相当于定语从句 "which was conducted"。 3. communicating 解析：考查固定搭配。"be comfortable doing sth." 为固定用法，意为“乐于做某事”，故填动名词 "communicating"。 4. is 解析：考查主谓一致。宾语从句的主语为 "understanding non-verbal cues"（动名词短语作主语），视为单数；句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时，故填 "is"。 5. factors 解析：考查名词复数。"one of + 可数名词复数" 为固定结构，意为“……之一”，故填 factor 的复数形式 "factors"。 6. the 解析：考查冠词。此处特指“他们表达自己的方式”，用定冠词 "the" 表特指。 7. judging 解析：考查固定搭配。"avoid doing sth." 为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”，故填动名词 "judging"。 8. learning 解析：考查非谓语动词。that 引导的宾语从句中，主语为“学习不同的文化习俗”，用动名词短语 "learning about different cultural practices" 作主语。 9. appropriately 解析：考查副词。此处修饰动词 "respond"，需用形容词 appropriate 的副词形式 "appropriately"（适当地）。 10. is shaped 解析：考查被动语态和主谓一致。主语 "the way" 与 shape（塑造）之间为被动关系，用被动语态；主语为单数，且描述客观事实，故填 "is shaped"。 六、阅读理解 （上海市普陀区宜川中学2023-2024学年高一下学期英语期中考试）Attachment Parenting is not Indulgent (纵容) Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums (发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys. Attachment Parenting is not “afraid of tears” parenting. Our kids cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so strong that they need to get them out. They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things. Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling (抓紧) to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover. I supervise (监督). I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don’t slap (拍，打) curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do what he wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely. Most of the negative things that I hear about “Attachment Parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment-Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught, not trained. 1．According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry? A．Reward them with toys. B．Try to stop them crying. C．Provide comfort and love to them. D．Hold them tight in their arms. 2．What does “free-range” (in Para.3) refer to according to the passage? A．The author’s providing of a home base. B．The author’s readiness to play games with their kids. C．The author’s being curious about watching the games they play. D．The author’s willingness to give their kids freedom of movement. 3．Which of the following is NOT Attachment Parenting? A．Encouraging your child’s curiosity. B．Always standing by to protect your child. C．Helping your child to do the right thing. D．Showing your child how things are done. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．A certain type of parenting B．Parent-child relationships. C．How to bring out love in children. D．How to build children’s self-confidence. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，本文作者结合自身的育儿经历介绍了一种特定的育儿方法——“依恋育儿”法。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things.(他们只是希望我们听他们的。当婴儿哭泣时，我们会抱起他们，我们会回应大孩子的眼泪，因为我们坚信，安慰是免费的，爱是免费的，当孩子需要安慰和爱时，我们的工作就是提供这些东西)”可知，根据作者的观点，当孩子们哭泣时，父母应该给他们安慰和爱。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段free-range前文“Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling(抓紧) to my children.(依恋育儿不是贴紧育儿。我不依附于我的孩子)”及后文“As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base.(只要他们能动，通常就会远离我。当然，我抱着他们，拥抱他们，追逐他们，亲吻他们，摇晃他们，和他们一起睡觉。但这不是我到处跟着他们然后把他们拉回来。这是我扮演一个家庭大本营的角色)”可知，作者给予孩子们想要的自由活动空间，因此，free-range表示“作者愿意给他们的孩子自由行动”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover.(依恋育儿不是直升机育儿。我从不徘徊)”及“ I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.(当我们走在人行道上时，我不会坚持让我23个月大的孩子牵着我的手，因为我知道我可以用我的声音回忆起他，因为他相信我允许他去探索，他相信我在危险的时候解释，并帮助他安全地满足他的好奇心)”可知，作者认为随时准备保护孩子的行为不是依恋育儿。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught, not trained.(依恋育儿法以孩子为中心，关注孩子的需要。父母只是认为孩子是被教导的，而不是被训练的)”及文章中反复出现的“Attachment Parenting”可知，本文作者结合自身的育儿经历介绍了一种特定的育儿方法——“依恋育儿”法。故选A。 七、六选四 （23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末）Power Causes Brain Damage If power were a drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects. It can intoxicate. It can corrupt. It can even cause brain damage. Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury: 1 Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. 2 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not-so-powerful under a transcranial-magnetic-stimulation machine, he found that power, in fact, damages a specific neural (神经系统的) process, “mirroring,” that may be an important part of empathy. This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the “power paradox”: Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. 3 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view — a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer’s vantage point. Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves — and backwards to everyone else. (This calls to mind George W. Bush, who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.) Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling, or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark. People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. 4 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. Powerful people “stop simulating the experience of others,” Keltner says, which leads to what he calls an “empathy deficit.” This is a depressing finding, but is there nothing to be done? No and yes. It’s difficult to stop power’s tendency to affect your brain. What’s easier — from time to time, at least — is to stop feeling powerful. Power is not a post or a position but a mental state. Recount a time you did not feel powerful, Keltner suggests, and your brain can empathize with reality. A．Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. B．It’s what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone’s hand squeezing a rubber ball. C．That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. D．The historian Henry Adams described power as “a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim’s sympathies.” E．Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. F．They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．C 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明拥有权力会引起人脑损伤。 1．空前说“Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury (加州大学伯克利分校的心理学教授Dacher Keltner在长达20年的研究中发现，受权力影响的受试者表现得就像遭受了脑损伤一样)”，空前有个冒号，说明空格处要解释说明这些受试者像遭受了脑损伤一样的具体表现是什么，F选项“They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. (他们变得更冲动，更缺乏风险意识，至关重要的是，更无法从别人的角度看问题。)”陈述的是像脑损伤一样的表现，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 2．空前说“Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. (麦克马斯特大学的神经科学家Sukhvinder Obhi最近也描述了类似的情况。)”，空格处应该介绍Sukhvinder Obhi是干什么的，A选项“Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. (与研究行为的Keltner不同，Obhi研究的是大脑。)”说明了Obhi是研究大脑的人，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 3．空前说“Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. (一旦我们拥有了权力，我们就会失去一些最初获得权力所需的能力。)”，空格处应该说这种能力的丧失会有什么影响，C选项“That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. (这种能力的丧失已经以各种创造性的方式表现出来。)”中的“That loss in capacity”和空前的“we lose some of the capacities”呼应，且说明了这种能力的丧失有各种表现，因此承接上文，引出下文具体的实验和研究结果，符合语境。故选C。 4．空前说“People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. (人们倾向于模仿上级的表情和肢体语言，但有权有势的人不会模仿别人。)”，说明有权有势的人不会模仿别人，空后说“It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. (它有助于触发其他人正在经历的同样的感觉，并提供了一个窗口，了解它们来自哪里。)”，说明了某个事情的好处，而这个事情应该出现在空格处，因此空格处应该会说其实模仿他人是有好处的，E选项“Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. (别人笑的时候笑，别人紧张的时候紧张，这很重要。)”中的“Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense”就是模仿，说明模仿别人是有好处的，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 八、完形填空 （上海大学附属嘉定高中2023-2024学年高一下学期期中质量监测）The end of high school can be a stressful time. You’re finishing up high school while also 1 the next stage of your life. This often means applying to colleges and taking entrance exams, a process that 2 causes concerns. We are here to help walk you through the process. Accept help The university admissions process looks 3 especially if you’re facing it alone. Fortunately, though, you don’t have to feel 4 . You can talk to a teacher you trust for help with making 5 about which schools to apply to and preparing for tests. Good teachers care about their students and want them to succeed. If possible, talk through the admissions process with your family. Even if they have never been to a university, they’ll still care about you. Depend on them for emotional 6 . It may also help to talk with friends and classmates about the process. 7 your emotions with others is a good way to 8 the burden of worry.Care for your health You may think you don’t have enough time to sleep, exercise or eat healthy food. But in fact, you’ll get more done in less time if you’re healthy enough to be 9 . And 10 , your physical health will affect your happiness more than academic achievements. Manage your expectations Apply to 11 schools so if you don’t get into your first choice, you have a backup plan. Also, understand that if you’re rejected (拒绝), it doesn’t mean you’re a bad student. At the best schools, qualified students sometimes don’t get in. Besides, 12 isn’t everything. Your future depends more on how hard you work than on the school name written on your diploma. And you can get just as good a(n) 13 at many less known schools as you can at the best-known ones. And above all, remember that your 14 doesn’t depend on the results of college admissions. You are valuable and deeply loved, and no rejection can 15 that. 1．A．talking about B．hurrying off C．taking off D．worrying about 2．A．amusingly B．financially C．entirely D．typically 3．A．guilty B．frightening C．simple D．beneficial 4．A．helpless B．positive C．fascinated D．impatient 5．A．jokes B．comments C．decisions D．excuses 6．A．support B．impact C．stress D．concern 7．A．Following B．Keeping C．Sharing D．Practising 8．A．lighten B．deny C．maintain D．remain 9．A．reliable B．pleasing C．comfortable D．attentive 10．A．at first sight B．in the long run C．out of the question D．all of a sudden 11．A．traditional B．several C．ordinary D．advanced 12．A．fame B．graduation C．leisure D．technique 13．A．friend B．lesson C．education D．assignment 14．A．symptom B．proposal C．value D．imagination 15．A．reward B．attract C．track D．change 【答案】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者告诉人们一些建议去应对在高中的最后阶段面临的考试和升学的压力。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你即将完成高中学业，同时也在担心你人生的下一个阶段。A. talking about谈话；B. hurrying off匆忙离开；C. taking off起飞；D. worrying about担心。根据后文“causes concerns”可知，此处指担心人生的下一个阶段。故选D项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这也意味着申请大学，参加入校考试，这是一个通常会带来担心的过程。A. amusingly好笑地；B. financially金融上的；C. entirely完全；D. typically通常，典型地。根据生活常识，高中所面临的考试和升学通常给高三学子带来焦虑，故选D项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大学录取过程看起来是令人害怕的，尤其是当你独自面对时。A. guilty有罪的；B. frightening令人害怕的；C. simple简单的；D. beneficial有益的。根据后文“especially if you’re facing it alone”独自面对一件事情往往让这件事更难，应选择一个消极意义的词，符合语境的是B选项的frightening，故选B项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，你不必感到无助。A. helpless无助的；B. positive积极的；C. fascinated入迷的；D. impatient不耐心的。根据后文“You can talk to a teacher you trust for help”可知，你是可以获得帮助的，所以不必感到无助。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以向你信任的老师寻求帮助，决定申请哪所学校以及准备考试。A. jokes玩笑；B. comments评论；C. decisions决定；D. excuses借口。根据后文“about which schools to apply to and ”可知，此处指学生以向信任的老师寻求帮助，来决定报考哪所学校。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：依靠他们来获得情绪支持。A. support支持；B. impact影响；C. stress压力；D. concern担心。本节的小标题“Accept help”以及上文“Even if they have never been to a university, they’ll still care about you.”可知，此处指接受家人帮助，即使他们从未上过大学，他们仍然会关心你；因此，此处指来自家人的情感支持。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与他人分享你的情绪是减轻思想负担的一种好的方式。A. Following跟随；B. Keeping保持；C. Sharing分享，把自己的想法（或经历、感情）告诉（某人）；D. Practising练习。上文“It may also help to talk with friends and classmates about the process. ”提到与朋友和同学讨论这个选择过程也许也会有帮助；由此可知，此处阐述了把自己的情绪想法与他人分享、告知他人的益处。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与他人分享你的情绪是减轻思想负担的一种好的方式。A. lighten减轻；B. deny否认；C. maintain维持；D. remain保持。根据上文“It may also help to talk with friends and classmates about the process.”可知，此处阐述了把自己的情绪想法与他人分享、告知他人的益处，结合空后“the burden of worry”可知，此处指与他人分享情绪能够减轻思想负担。故选A项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是事实上，如果你足够健康保持专注的话，你可以在更少的时间内完成更多的事情。A. reliable值得信赖的；B. pleasing令人高兴的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. attentive专注的。根据上文“you’ll get more done in less time if you’re healthy enough to be”可知，此处指人在专注的情况下效率会大大提高。故选D项。 10．考查固定短语辨析。句意：并且从长远看，你的身体健康会比学业成绩更影响你的幸福感。A. at first sight乍一看，初次见到；B. in the long run从长远来看；C. out of the question不可能；D. all of a sudden突然。结合上文“ you’ll get more done in less time if you’re healthy enough to be”以及常识可知，本句暗含的意思是：短期看，学术成就似乎比健康重要，但是长远看，健康带来的幸福感更多，故选B项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：申请多个学校，那么如果你没有进入第一志愿，你还有一个计划作为备份。A. traditional传统的；B. several几个；C. ordinary普通的；D. advanced高级的。根据后文“you have a backup plan”可知，backup“备份”一词可知，不要只盯着一个学校，要多申请几所学校。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，学校的名气不是一切。A. fame名气；B. graduation毕业；C. leisure休闲；D. technique技术。根据后句“Your future depends more on how hard you work than on the school name written on your diploma.(你的未来更多地取决于你的努力而不是写在你文凭上的学校的名字)”可知，作者认为学校的名气不是唯一的决定因素。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以在许多不太知名的学校得到和在最知名的学校一样好的教育。A. friend朋友；B. lesson课程；C. education教育；D. assignment分配。根据后文“at many less known schools as you can at the best-known ones”此处指在许多不太知名的学校得到和在最知名的学校一样好的教育。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，记得你的价值不取决于大学的录取结果。A. symptom症状；B. proposal倡议、求婚；C. value价值；D. imagination想象力。根据后句“You are valuable and deeply loved(你是有价值的和被爱的)”可知，此处强调你的价值。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你是有价值的和被爱的，没有任何拒绝可以改变这一点。A. reward酬谢；B. attract吸引；C. track追踪；D. change改变。根据语境，作者强调，即使遭遇拒绝，你的价值仍在那里，不会有任何改变。故选D项。 $