Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and activity & Listening and speaking（分层作业）英语沪教版必修第三册

Unit 3 The way we are Period 2 Grammar and activity & Listening and speaking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 以……的方式____________________________ 2. 与……相似____________________________ 3. 适应新环境____________________________ 4. 对……有影响____________________________ 5. 与……保持联系__________________________ 6. 换句话说____________________________ 7. 依据；按照____________________________ 8. 相反地____________________________ 9. 重视；认为……重要______________________ 10. 代代相传____________________________ 【答案】 1. 答案：in the way of… 解析：后接名词或动名词，侧重“以某种形式或途径”，例：She has a talent in the way of music.（她在音乐方面有天赋。） 2. 答案：be similar to… 解析：固定搭配，主语为事物，介词用 to 而非 with，例：This dress is similar to the one I bought last week.（这条裙子和我上周买的那条很像。） 3. 答案：adapt to the new environment 解析：adapt to 强调“（人或生物）适应环境、变化”，environment 前常加定冠词 the。 4. 答案：have an influence on… 解析：也可写作 have an effect on…，influence 是可数名词，常用搭配 have a positive/negative influence on（对……有积极/消极影响）。 5. 答案：keep in touch with… 解析：表示“维持联系”，若表“与……取得联系”，则用 get in touch with…。 6. 答案：in other words 解析：用作插入语，用于换一种方式解释前文内容，例：He is not available today. In other words, we have to put off the meeting.（他今天没空。换句话说，我们得推迟会议。） 7. 答案：according to 解析：后接名词、代词或名词性从句，不能直接接动词原形，例：According to the weather report, it will rain tomorrow.（根据天气预报，明天会下雨。） 8. 答案：on the contrary 解析：用于反驳前文观点，表“恰恰相反”，区别于 in contrast（强调对比不同事物）。 9. 答案：attach importance to… 解析：importance 前常加 great/much 等形容词，to 是介词，后接名词或动名词，例：We should attach great importance to environmental protection.（我们应该高度重视环境保护。） 10. 答案：pass down from generation to generation 解析：也可简化为 pass down through generations，表示“家族、文化等事物的传承”。 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. We should respect the g________ gap and communicate more with our parents.（根据句意及首字母提示） 2. Her e________ manner and elegant dress left a deep impression on everyone at the party.（根据句意及首字母提示） 3. It’s o________ that he hasn’t prepared for the exam, as he can’t answer most questions.（根据句意及首字母提示） 4. The new technology will e________ us to finish the task more efficiently.（根据句意及首字母提示） 5. The museum has a valuable c________ of ancient coins from different dynasties.（根据句意及首字母提示） 6. She is s________, so she needs to wear glasses when reading books or using computers.（根据句意及首字母提示） 7. The n________ temperature of the human body is around 36.5℃ to 37.5℃.（根据句意及首字母提示） 8. The city is s________ by green hills and clear rivers, making it a popular tourist destination.（根据句意及首字母提示） 9. He tried to d________ his nervousness by smiling at the audience before the speech.（根据句意及首字母提示） 10. The prices of fresh fruits v________ with seasons—they are usually cheaper in harvest time.（根据句意及首字母提示） 【答案】 1. generation 解析：结合句意“我们应该尊重代沟，多与父母沟通”，“generation gap”为固定搭配，意为“代沟”，符合Unit 3核心词汇考点。 2. elegant 解析：由后文“elegant dress”（优雅的裙子）及首字母提示，此处需形容词“elegant”（优雅的）修饰“manner”，表示“文雅的举止”，对应单元重点形容词用法。 3. obvious 解析：句意“他显然没准备考试，因为大部分问题都答不上来”，“obvious”为形容词“明显的、显然的”，是本单元高频词汇，符合语境逻辑。 4. enable 解析：固定搭配“enable sb. to do sth.”（使某人能够做某事）为单元核心考点，结合句意“新技术将使我们更高效地完成任务”，故填动词“enable”。 5. collection 解析：根据“博物馆的古钱币”可知，此处指“收藏品”，“collection”为名词，对应单元词汇“collection（同类事物的收集物）”的用法。 6. shortsighted 解析：由“戴眼镜阅读”可推断意为“近视的”，“shortsighted”为形容词，既表“近视的”，也可表“目光短浅的”，是本单元重点多义词。 7. normal 解析：“normal temperature”为固定表达“正常体温”，“normal”作形容词“正常的”，是单元核心词汇，符合医学常识语境。 8. surrounded 解析：固定搭配“be surrounded by”（被……环绕），结合句意“城市被青山绿水环绕”，此处需过去分词构成被动语态，对应单元“surround”的动词用法。 9. display 解析：句意“演讲前他试图通过对观众微笑来掩饰紧张”，“display”此处为动词“表现、显露”，符合单元词汇“display（显露情感或特性）”的用法。 10. vary 解析：固定搭配“vary with”（随……变化），结合句意“水果价格随季节变化”，“vary”为动词“变化、不同”，是本单元重点动词考点。 三、单句语法填空。 1. It is the first time that she ______ (visit) the ancient town with her parents. 2. The teacher suggested that we ______ (finish) the task before this weekend. 3. By the time he graduated from college, he ______ (learn) English for ten years. 4. She speaks English as fluently as if she ______ (be) a native speaker. 5. It is necessary that every student ______ (obey) the school rules strictly. 6. I would rather you ______ (not tell) him the truth yesterday. 7. If I ______ (have) enough money, I would buy a new laptop for my study. 8. He insisted that he ______ (not steal) the wallet and that he ______ (set) free at once. 9. It is high time that we ______ (take) measures to protect the environment. 10. Without your timely help, we ______ (not complete) the project on time. 【答案】 1. has visited 解析：固定句型 It is the first time that... 中，that 从句需用现在完成时。 2. (should) finish 解析：动词 suggest 表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。 3. had learned 解析：by the time 引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句需用过去完成时，强调动作在从句动作之前已经完成。 4. were 解析：as if 引导的从句表示与事实不符的情况时，要用虚拟语气；此处表示与现在事实相反，be 动词统一用 were。 5. (should) obey 解析：在 It is necessary that... 句型中，that 从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。 6. had not told 解析：would rather 后接宾语从句时，若表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。 7. had 解析：此句是对现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，be 动词用 were，实义动词用过去式。 8. had not stolen; (should) be set 解析：insist 表示“坚持认为（事实）”时，从句用陈述语气；表示“坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语气 (should) + 动词原形。第一空是“坚持认为没偷”，用过去完成时；第二空是“坚决要求被释放”，用虚拟语气的被动形式。 9. took / (should) take 解析：固定句型 It is high time that... 表示“是时候做某事了”，从句谓语动词用过去式或 (should) + 动词原形，should 不可省略。 10. could not have completed 解析：without 引导的短语相当于一个虚拟条件句，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语动词用 could / would / might + have done 结构。 四、句子翻译 1. We tend to judge others based on their appearance rather than their inner qualities. 2. It is important to respect the way people choose to live their lives. 3. She has a habit of taking notes whenever she reads an interesting article. 4. The more you communicate with others, the better you will understand their perspectives. 5. What makes him different from his classmates is his passion for traditional art. 6. It is not easy to change a person’s attitude towards life overnight. 7. We should learn to accept our own shortcomings as well as others’. 8. His words made me realize that I had misunderstood my best friend. 9. People’s tastes in music vary from person to person due to different backgrounds. 10. Only when we put ourselves in others’ shoes can we truly understand them. 【答案】 1. 译文：我们往往会根据他人的外表而非内在品质来评判他们。 解析：tend to do 意为“往往会；倾向于做某事”；based on 是过去分词短语作状语，表“以……为依据”；rather than 连接并列结构，表“而不是”。 2. 译文：尊重人们选择的生活方式是很重要的。 解析：本句为 It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型，it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语；the way 后接定语从句 people choose to live their lives，关系词 that/in which 可省略。 3. 译文：她有个习惯，每当读到有趣的文章就会做笔记。 解析：have a habit of doing sth. 表“有做某事的习惯”；whenever 引导时间状语从句，相当于 no matter when。 4. 译文：你与人交流得越多，就越能理解他们的想法。 解析：本句是 the + 比较级，the + 比较级 结构，表“越……，就越……”；communicate with 意为“与……交流”；perspectives 此处指“观点；想法”。 5. 译文：使他区别于同班同学的是他对传统艺术的热爱。 解析：what 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语；make sb. different from sb. 是固定搭配，表“使某人区别于某人”；passion for 意为“对……的热爱”。 6. 译文：要在一夜之间改变一个人对生活的态度并不容易。 解析：It is not easy to do sth. 中 it 为形式主语；attitude towards 是固定搭配，表“对……的态度”；overnight 作副词，表“一夜之间；突然”。 7. 译文：我们既要学会接受别人的缺点，也要学会接受自己的。 解析：as well as 连接并列宾语，表“也；和”；shortcomings 意为“缺点；短处”，此处用复数表泛指。 8. 译文：他的话让我意识到，我之前误解了我最好的朋友。 解析：make sb. do sth. 是使役动词用法，表“让某人做某事”；that 引导宾语从句，作 realize 的宾语；从句用过去完成时 had misunderstood，表动作发生在 made 之前。 9. 译文：由于成长背景不同，人们对音乐的喜好也因人而异。 解析：vary from person to person 是固定表达，表“因人而异”；due to 后接名词短语，表“由于；因为”，引导原因状语。 10. 译文：只有设身处地为别人着想，我们才能真正理解他们。 解析：本句是 only + 状语从句 开头的倒装句，主句需用部分倒装（can we understand）；put oneself in others’ shoes 是习语，表“设身处地为别人着想”。 五、语法填空 Personality shapes the way we interact with the world. Some people are naturally outgoing, while others tend to be more reserved. It is widely believed that both nature and nurture play a key role 1.______ forming our personalities. For example, a child 2.______ (raise) in a loving and supportive family may develop more confidence, 3.______ helps them build better relationships. Recent studies show that our personalities can change slightly over time, especially when we face new challenges. When we move to a new city or start a new job, we often find ourselves 4.______ (adapt) our behaviors to fit the environment. This process of adaptation not only makes us more flexible but also 5.______ (deepen) our understanding of ourselves. It is important to accept our own personalities and respect 6.______ of others. There is no "perfect" personality—what matters is how we use our unique traits. A person who is careful and thoughtful, for instance, may excel in tasks that require attention to detail. 7.______ we learn to appreciate our differences, we can live and work together more harmoniously. Last year, I met a friend who was once very shy. Through joining community activities, she gradually gained courage and now enjoys 8.______ (meet) new people. Her story proves that with effort, we can grow beyond our comfort zones. 9.______ (actual), every small step we take to understand ourselves better brings us closer to becoming the best version of 10.______ (we). 【答案】 1. in 解析：固定搭配 "play a role in doing sth." 表示“在做某事中起作用”，此处指先天和后天因素在塑造性格中起关键作用，故填介词in。 2. raised 解析：child与raise（抚养）之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句 "who is raised"，故填raised。 3. which 解析：引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文“在充满爱和支持的家庭中长大的孩子可能更自信”这件事，从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。 4. adapting 解析：固定结构 "find oneself doing sth." 表示“发现自己正在做某事”，adapt（适应）与主语we是主动关系，故填现在分词adapting。 5. deepens 解析：not only...but also...连接并列谓语，前半句谓语 "makes" 为一般现在时，主语this process为单数，故填deepens（动词第三人称单数形式）。 6. those 解析：指代前文提到的 "personalities"，为避免重复，用代词those表示“那些（事物）”，故填those。 7. When/If 解析：引导时间状语从句或条件状语从句，句意“当我们学会欣赏彼此的差异时/如果我们学会欣赏彼此的差异，我们就能更和谐地生活和工作”，故填When或If。 8. meeting 解析：固定搭配 "enjoy doing sth." 表示“喜欢做某事”，meet（遇见）的动名词形式为meeting，故填meeting。 9. Actually 解析：修饰整个句子，需用副词形式，actual的副词为actually（事实上），句首首字母大写，故填Actually。 10. ourselves 解析：此处表示“成为最好的我们自己”，用反身代词作宾语，we的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。 六、阅读理解 （上海市同济大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试）ChatGPT, as a large language model, learned to generate human-like text based on a given context. It can do most of the text-generation tasks that involve natural language for communication. Examples of these tasks are text completion (e.g. email and report writing), paraphrasing, text summarization, machine translation, and question-answering. In addition, it can also be used for conversational AI applications, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. While the ChatGPT platform has a wide range of applications related to text generation, outputs should be evaluated critically and used with caution, as they may contain false, biased, or outdated information. The use of homework aids in higher education is not new. For years, students have used sites like Quizlet to cut comers as they complete homework assignments or take online quizzes. In response, teachers have had to adapt to these challenges and design assessments that can avoid the use of these tools. I view ChatGPT in the same light. Essentially, ChatGPT collects information readily available online to form a response to a given prompt (提示). The AI has no capacity for critical thinking and often misses the mark whenever a prompt requires any critical or abstract thinking If university teachers want to avoid the threat of ChatGPT, then perhaps the strictness of their assignments needs to be increased. While there are many concerns that ChatGPT harms academic assessment, it and better versions may force us to shift our curriculum to higher levels of critical thinking. Beyond this, we may discover ways it can be used to enhance the learning process. If students focus on advanced aspects of their schoolwork, chatbots could assist with more menial (微不足道的) educational tasks. For example, some instructors are experimenting with new forms of student engagement, including project-based learning. Perhaps a chatbot could be used to brainstorm on these projects. Learning effectiveness could be enhanced by customizing the learning process at an individual level to better match a diversified student body. 1．What’s the common point between ChatGPT and Quizlet according to the passage? A．They should both be assessed objectively and used carefully. B．They are both widely used by teachers, instructors and faculty. C．They are both sites provided for students to take an online quiz. D．They can both help students take a shortcut when doing homework. 2．What’s the main drawback of ChatGPT according to the passage? A．It can only be used for traditional AI applications. B．It’s not accurate or unbiased enough when generating text. C．It cannot the level of critical thinking as high as that of humans. D．It cannot be widely used in higher education or diversified learning. 3．What’s the new challenge that teachers are facing with the rise of ChatGPT? A．They have to meet the diversified demands of students. B．They have to deal with the cheating problem of students. C．They have to design more strict and precise assignments. D．They have to make the class more effective through advanced techs. 4．The author holds a(an) ________ attitude towards the emergence of ChatGPT. A．indifferent B．critical C．objective D．supportive 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了ChatGPT的主要功能以及优缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“The use of homework aids in higher education is not new. For years, students have used sites like Quizlet to cut comers as they complete homework assignments or take online quizzes. In response, teachers have had to adapt to these challenges and design assessments that can avoid the use of these tools.(在高等教育中使用家庭作业辅助工具并不新鲜。多年来，学生们一直使用Quizlet等网站来完成家庭作业或参加在线测验。作为回应，教师必须适应这些挑战，并设计可以避免使用这些工具的评估)”以及第四段“I view ChatGPT in the same light. Essentially, ChatGPT collects information readily available online to form a response to a given prompt (提示). The AI has no capacity for critical thinking and often misses the mark whenever a prompt requires any critical or abstract thinking. If university teachers want to avoid the threat of ChatGPT, then perhaps the strictness of their assignments needs to be increased.(我以同样的眼光看待ChatGPT。从本质上讲，ChatGPT收集随时可用的在线信息，以形成对给定提示的响应。人工智能没有批判性思维的能力，每当提示需要任何批判性或抽象思维时，它往往会错过标记。如果大学教师想要避免ChatGPT的威胁，那么也许他们需要增加作业的严格性)”可知，ChatGPT和Quizlet的共同点是都可以帮助学生在做作业时走捷径。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Essentially, ChatGPT collects information readily available online to form a response to a given prompt (提示). The AI has no capacity for critical thinking and often misses the mark whenever a prompt requires any critical or abstract thinking.(从本质上讲，ChatGPT收集在线上随时可用的信息，以形成对给定提示的响应。人工智能没有批判性思维的能力，每当提示需要任何批判性或抽象思维时，它往往会错过标记)”可推知，ChatGPT的主要缺点是它的批判性思维水平不可能像人类那么高。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“If university teachers want to avoid the threat of ChatGPT, then perhaps the strictness of their assignments needs to be increased.(如果大学教师想要避免ChatGPT的威胁，那么也许他们需要增加作业的严格性)”可知，随着ChatGPT的兴起，教师面临的新挑战是他们必须设计更严格和精确的作业。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“While the ChatGPT platform has a wide range of applications related to text generation, outputs should be evaluated critically and used with caution, as they may contain false, biased, or outdated information.(虽然ChatGPT平台具有广泛的与文本生成相关的应用程序，但应严格评估输出并谨慎使用，因为它们可能包含错误、有偏见或过时的信息)”以及最后一段“Beyond this, we may discover ways it can be used to enhance the learning process. If students focus on advanced aspects of their schoolwork, chatbots could assist with more menial (微不足道的) educational tasks. For example, some instructors are experimenting with new forms of student engagement, including project-based learning. Perhaps a chatbot could be used to brainstorm on these projects.(除此之外，我们可能会发现它可以用来增强学习过程的方法。如果学生专注于学业的高级部分，聊天机器人可以帮助完成更低级的教育任务。例如，一些教师正在试验新的学生参与形式，包括基于项目的学习。也许聊天机器人可以用来对这些项目进行头脑风暴)”可知，作者列举了ChatGPT优点和缺点，所以对ChatGPT的出现持客观态度。故选C。 七、六选四 （22-23高一下·上海闵行区·期末）Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. 1.The basic function of money Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier. 1 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money. 2. Money lessons Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. 2 If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.” 3. 3 Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product — a name-brand butter and a generic, for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 4 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases. A．Wise decisions. B．The value of money. C．Permit the child to choose between them. D．Tell your child why he can—or cannot—have certain things. E．Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. F．Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了家长如何帮助孩子们理解有关金钱的问题，并从三方面提供了解决问题的方法：解释钱的基本功能，教会孩子理性花钱和做出明智的选择。 1．根据上文“If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier. (如果他想要玩具，就把钱给他，让他把钱交给收银员)”可知，此处在讲关于买玩具的事情。故F选项“离开玩具店后，谈谈钱是如何买来这个东西的”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据后文的两个假设“If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”(如果你必须拒绝孩子花钱的要求，解释说：“你现在有足够的玩具卡车了。”或者，如果要求有很多不同的东西，你可以说：“你必须在这个玩具和那个玩具之间做出选择。”)”可知，两个if引导的从句来看，此处应是对后文意义的概括，即告诉孩子为什么能或者不能买某些东西。故D选项“告诉你的孩子为什么他可以或不可以拥有某些东西”符合语境，故选D。 3．此处是小标题，根据下文“Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product—a kind of name-brand butter and a generic, for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.(从杂货店开始。挑选两种类似品牌的产品，例如一种名牌黄油和一种普通品。你可以向孩子展示如何在不同品牌的产品之间做出选择，这样你就可以省钱)”可知，这一段主要讲的是家长在商店如何帮助孩子做出明智的选择。故A选项“明智的决定”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据下文“If he chooses the cheaper brand(如果他选择了更便宜的品牌)”可知，此处应说明允许孩子在不同的品牌之间做出选择。故C选项“允许孩子在它们之间做出选择”符合语境，故选C。 八、完形填空 （上海市上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期中）The benefits of a bilingual brain Hablas espafiol?Parlez-yous francais? 你会说中文吗?If you answered, “sí,” “oui,” or “会” and you’re watching this in English, 1 are you belong to the world’s bilingual and multilingual majority. And besides having an easier time traveling or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work 2 than those of your monolingual friends. So what does it really mean to know a language? Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two   3 parts, listening and reading. While a(n) 4 bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilingual around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. And   5 their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be 6 into three general types. For example, let’s take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she’s two-years old. As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously (同时地), with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to   7 the world around her. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, while 8 to speak Spanish at home and with friends. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate (次要的) bilinguals who learn a secondary language by filtering it through their mother 9 . Because all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language 10 accent or pronunciation, the difference may not be apparent to a casual observer. But recent   11 ·in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in 12 processes. while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions while lateralization (脑部的偏侧性) develops gradually with age，has led to the critical period hypothesis. According to this theory, children learn languages more easily, because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some 13 advantages. Some of these are even visible, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language. The heightened 14 a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer’s and dementia by as much as five years. So, while bilingualism may not   15 make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language as a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from, “Hello,” to, “Hola,” “Bonjour” or “你好’s” because when it comes to our brains a little exercise can go a long way. 1．A．opportunities B．changes C．chances D．collections 2．A．deliberately B．dominantly C．differently D．dramatically 3．A．primitive B．passive C．pessimistic D．primary 4．A．balanced B．imbalanced C．biological D．well-behaved 5．A．depending on B．in favor of C．concentrating on D．thanks to 6．A．separated B．brought C．changed D．classified 7．A．process B．prohibit C．proceed D．progress 8．A．combining B．continuing C．ceasing D．committing 9．A．tune B．tone C．tongue D．toe 10．A．regardless of B．due to C．on the contrary D．otherwise 11．A．advances B．increases C．decreases D．possession 12．A．spiritual B．complicated C．logical D．creative 13．A．invisible B．remarkable C．minor D．inevitable 14．A．workout B．size C．volume D．influence 15．A．necessarily B．commonly C．barely D．differently 【答案】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了双语对大脑的益处。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你能回答“si”，“oui”或是“会”，而且能用英文字幕观看这部短片，你就跟世界上大多数人一样，属于双语或多语的使用者。A. opportunities机会；B. changes改变；C. chances机会，时机；可能性；D. collections收藏。根据上文“If you answered, “sí,” “oui,” or “会” and you’re watching this in English”可知，你就跟世界上大多数人一样，属于双语或多语的使用者。chances are that可能…。故选C项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，若你在旅行时碰到较少麻烦，或者看电影时不需要字幕，就能懂两种或两种以上的语言，这代表你的大脑事实上也许看起来、运作起来都有别于你只会一种语言的朋友。A. deliberately 故意地；B. dominantly有统治权；C. differently不同地；D. dramatically显著地。根据上文“And besides having an easier time traveling or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages”以及下文“your monolingual friends.”可知，这代表你的大脑事实上也许看起来、运作起来都有别于你只会一种语言的朋友。故选C项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：语言能力的评估，通常分成两项积极能力：说和写。以及两项消极能力：听和读。A. primitive原始的；B. passive消极的，被动的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. primary。根据上文“in two active parts”可知，积极的对应的是消极的。故选B项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个协调的双语者拥有程度几乎相当的两种语言能力，然而，世界上大多的双语者对于自己语言的了解以及使用有着很大的不同。A. balanced平衡的，协调的；B. imbalanced不平衡的；C. biological生物的；D. well-behaved行为端正的。根据下文“near equal abilities across the board in two languages”可知，一个协调的双语者拥有程度几乎相当的两种语言能力。故选A项。 5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：而且依照不同的状况以及他们学习每种语言的方式，大致上，可将这些双语者分成三类。A. depending on依靠，依据；B. in favor of支持；C. concentrating on集中；D. thanks to多亏了。根据下文“their situation and how they acquired each language”可知，依照不同的状况以及他们学习每种语言的方式。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而且依照不同的状况以及他们学习每种语言的方式，大致上，可将这些双语者分成三类。A. separated分离；B. brought带来；C. changed改变；D. classified分类。根据下文“three general types”可知，被分成三类。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：身为一位「复合型双语者」，当她对周遭的世界开始进行认知过程，Gabriella同时发展了两种语言代码为一组概念学习英文和西班牙文两种语言。A. process处理，加工，认知；B. prohibit禁止；C. proceed 继续；行进；D. progress进步。根据下文“the world around her”可知，复合型双语者对周遭的世界开始进行认知。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的哥哥，可能是个「并列型双语者」，他的大脑里有两组概念在运作：在学校时，学习英文；同时在家或者跟朋友在一起，继续说西班牙文。A. combining结合；B. continuing继续；C. ceasing停止；D. committing承诺。根据上文“Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual”可知，同时在家或者跟朋友在一起，继续说西班牙文。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，当Gabriella的父母学习第二语言时，很有可能成为「从属型双语者」，他们会以自己的母语来过滤第二语言。A. tune曲调；B. tone（说话的）声调，音调；C. tongue 舌头；舌；语言；D. toe脚趾。根据上文“learn a secondary language”可知，通过母语过滤第二语言。mother tongue母语。故选C项。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：以上所有类型的双语者都可以完全精通他们的第二语言，无论口音或者发音，若不仔细观察，这些差异并不明显。A. regardless of不管，不顾；B. due to由于；C. on the contrary相反；D. otherwise否则。无论口音或者发音，若不仔细观察，这些差异并不明显。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而近来，最新的大脑成像技术进步让神经语言学者，有机会窥探到特定的语言学习区块，是如何影响双语者的大脑。A. advances前进；B. increases增加；C. decreases 减少；D. possession具有；拥有。根据下文“have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.”可知，最新的大脑成像技术进步让神经语言学者，有机会窥探到特定的语言学习区块，是如何影响双语者的大脑。故选A项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家都知道，左脑半球支配性较强，而且能进行逻辑过程的分析，而右脑在情感和社交方面比较活跃，虽然这种看法，在某种程度上获得认可但也不是百分百正确。A. spiritual 精神的；B. complicated复杂的；C. logical有逻辑的；D. creative创造性的。根据常识可知，左脑半球支配性较强，而且能进行逻辑过程的分析。故选C项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，当你在学习其他语言时多重语言者的身分，将为你的大脑带来一些了不起的优势。A. invisible看不见的；B. remarkable非凡的；显著的；C. minor少数的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据下文“Some of these are even visible, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language”可知，为大脑带来了了不起的优势。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：若双语者的大脑持续地接收这些增强的练习会帮助延缓一些疾病的发作，像阿兹海默症和失智，最多可延缓五年。A. workout锻炼；B. size尺寸；C. volume容量；D. influence影响。根据下文“can also help delay the onset of diseases”可知，大脑持续地接收这些增强的练习会帮助延缓一些疾病的发作。故选A项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，即使双语这项能力，也许无法必然地让你变聪明，但它让你的大脑变得更健康、复杂、有活力。A. necessarily必要地，必然地；B. commonly共同地；C. barely仅仅；几乎没有；D. differently不同地。根据下文“it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged”可知，双语这项能力，也许无法必然地让你变聪明，但它让你的大脑变得更健康、复杂、有活力。故选A项。 $ Unit 3 The way we are Period 2 Grammar and activity & Listening and speaking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 以……的方式____________________________ 2. 与……相似____________________________ 3. 适应新环境____________________________ 4. 对……有影响____________________________ 5. 与……保持联系__________________________ 6. 换句话说____________________________ 7. 依据；按照____________________________ 8. 相反地____________________________ 9. 重视；认为……重要______________________ 10. 代代相传____________________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. We should respect the g________ gap and communicate more with our parents.（根据句意及首字母提示） 2. Her e________ manner and elegant dress left a deep impression on everyone at the party.（根据句意及首字母提示） 3. It’s o________ that he hasn’t prepared for the exam, as he can’t answer most questions.（根据句意及首字母提示） 4. The new technology will e________ us to finish the task more efficiently.（根据句意及首字母提示） 5. The museum has a valuable c________ of ancient coins from different dynasties.（根据句意及首字母提示） 6. She is s________, so she needs to wear glasses when reading books or using computers.（根据句意及首字母提示） 7. The n________ temperature of the human body is around 36.5℃ to 37.5℃.（根据句意及首字母提示） 8. The city is s________ by green hills and clear rivers, making it a popular tourist destination.（根据句意及首字母提示） 9. He tried to d________ his nervousness by smiling at the audience before the speech.（根据句意及首字母提示） 10. The prices of fresh fruits v________ with seasons—they are usually cheaper in harvest time.（根据句意及首字母提示） 三、单句语法填空。 1. It is the first time that she ______ (visit) the ancient town with her parents. 2. The teacher suggested that we ______ (finish) the task before this weekend. 3. By the time he graduated from college, he ______ (learn) English for ten years. 4. She speaks English as fluently as if she ______ (be) a native speaker. 5. It is necessary that every student ______ (obey) the school rules strictly. 6. I would rather you ______ (not tell) him the truth yesterday. 7. If I ______ (have) enough money, I would buy a new laptop for my study. 8. He insisted that he ______ (not steal) the wallet and that he ______ (set) free at once. 9. It is high time that we ______ (take) measures to protect the environment. 10. Without your timely help, we ______ (not complete) the project on time. 四、句子翻译 1. We tend to judge others based on their appearance rather than their inner qualities. 2. It is important to respect the way people choose to live their lives. 3. She has a habit of taking notes whenever she reads an interesting article. 4. The more you communicate with others, the better you will understand their perspectives. 5. What makes him different from his classmates is his passion for traditional art. 6. It is not easy to change a person’s attitude towards life overnight. 7. We should learn to accept our own shortcomings as well as others’. 8. His words made me realize that I had misunderstood my best friend. 9. People’s tastes in music vary from person to person due to different backgrounds. 10. Only when we put ourselves in others’ shoes can we truly understand them. 五、语法填空 Personality shapes the way we interact with the world. Some people are naturally outgoing, while others tend to be more reserved. It is widely believed that both nature and nurture play a key role 1.______ forming our personalities. For example, a child 2.______ (raise) in a loving and supportive family may develop more confidence, 3.______ helps them build better relationships. Recent studies show that our personalities can change slightly over time, especially when we face new challenges. When we move to a new city or start a new job, we often find ourselves 4.______ (adapt) our behaviors to fit the environment. This process of adaptation not only makes us more flexible but also 5.______ (deepen) our understanding of ourselves. It is important to accept our own personalities and respect 6.______ of others. There is no "perfect" personality—what matters is how we use our unique traits. A person who is careful and thoughtful, for instance, may excel in tasks that require attention to detail. 7.______ we learn to appreciate our differences, we can live and work together more harmoniously. Last year, I met a friend who was once very shy. Through joining community activities, she gradually gained courage and now enjoys 8.______ (meet) new people. Her story proves that with effort, we can grow beyond our comfort zones. 9.______ (actual), every small step we take to understand ourselves better brings us closer to becoming the best version of 10.______ (we). 六、阅读理解 （上海市同济大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试）ChatGPT, as a large language model, learned to generate human-like text based on a given context. It can do most of the text-generation tasks that involve natural language for communication. Examples of these tasks are text completion (e.g. email and report writing), paraphrasing, text summarization, machine translation, and question-answering. In addition, it can also be used for conversational AI applications, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. While the ChatGPT platform has a wide range of applications related to text generation, outputs should be evaluated critically and used with caution, as they may contain false, biased, or outdated information. The use of homework aids in higher education is not new. For years, students have used sites like Quizlet to cut comers as they complete homework assignments or take online quizzes. In response, teachers have had to adapt to these challenges and design assessments that can avoid the use of these tools. I view ChatGPT in the same light. Essentially, ChatGPT collects information readily available online to form a response to a given prompt (提示). The AI has no capacity for critical thinking and often misses the mark whenever a prompt requires any critical or abstract thinking If university teachers want to avoid the threat of ChatGPT, then perhaps the strictness of their assignments needs to be increased. While there are many concerns that ChatGPT harms academic assessment, it and better versions may force us to shift our curriculum to higher levels of critical thinking. Beyond this, we may discover ways it can be used to enhance the learning process. If students focus on advanced aspects of their schoolwork, chatbots could assist with more menial (微不足道的) educational tasks. For example, some instructors are experimenting with new forms of student engagement, including project-based learning. Perhaps a chatbot could be used to brainstorm on these projects. Learning effectiveness could be enhanced by customizing the learning process at an individual level to better match a diversified student body. 1．What’s the common point between ChatGPT and Quizlet according to the passage? A．They should both be assessed objectively and used carefully. B．They are both widely used by teachers, instructors and faculty. C．They are both sites provided for students to take an online quiz. D．They can both help students take a shortcut when doing homework. 2．What’s the main drawback of ChatGPT according to the passage? A．It can only be used for traditional AI applications. B．It’s not accurate or unbiased enough when generating text. C．It cannot the level of critical thinking as high as that of humans. D．It cannot be widely used in higher education or diversified learning. 3．What’s the new challenge that teachers are facing with the rise of ChatGPT? A．They have to meet the diversified demands of students. B．They have to deal with the cheating problem of students. C．They have to design more strict and precise assignments. D．They have to make the class more effective through advanced techs. 4．The author holds a(an) ________ attitude towards the emergence of ChatGPT. A．indifferent B．critical C．objective D．supportive 七、六选四 （22-23高一下·上海闵行区·期末）Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. 1.The basic function of money Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier. 1 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money. 2. Money lessons Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. 2 If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.” 3. 3 Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product — a name-brand butter and a generic, for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 4 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases. A．Wise decisions. B．The value of money. C．Permit the child to choose between them. D．Tell your child why he can—or cannot—have certain things. E．Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. F．Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store. 八、完形填空 （上海市上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期中）The benefits of a bilingual brain Hablas espafiol?Parlez-yous francais? 你会说中文吗?If you answered, “sí,” “oui,” or “会” and you’re watching this in English, 1 are you belong to the world’s bilingual and multilingual majority. And besides having an easier time traveling or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work 2 than those of your monolingual friends. So what does it really mean to know a language? Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two   3 parts, listening and reading. While a(n) 4 bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilingual around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. And   5 their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be 6 into three general types. For example, let’s take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she’s two-years old. As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously (同时地), with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to   7 the world around her. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, while 8 to speak Spanish at home and with friends. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate (次要的) bilinguals who learn a secondary language by filtering it through their mother 9 . Because all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language 10 accent or pronunciation, the difference may not be apparent to a casual observer. But recent   11 ·in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in 12 processes. while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions while lateralization (脑部的偏侧性) develops gradually with age，has led to the critical period hypothesis. According to this theory, children learn languages more easily, because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some 13 advantages. Some of these are even visible, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language. The heightened 14 a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer’s and dementia by as much as five years. So, while bilingualism may not   15 make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language as a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from, “Hello,” to, “Hola,” “Bonjour” or “你好’s” because when it comes to our brains a little exercise can go a long way. 1．A．opportunities B．changes C．chances D．collections 2．A．deliberately B．dominantly C．differently D．dramatically 3．A．primitive B．passive C．pessimistic D．primary 4．A．balanced B．imbalanced C．biological D．well-behaved 5．A．depending on B．in favor of C．concentrating on D．thanks to 6．A．separated B．brought C．changed D．classified 7．A．process B．prohibit C．proceed D．progress 8．A．combining B．continuing C．ceasing D．committing 9．A．tune B．tone C．tongue D．toe 10．A．regardless of B．due to C．on the contrary D．otherwise 11．A．advances B．increases C．decreases D．possession 12．A．spiritual B．complicated C．logical D．creative 13．A．invisible B．remarkable C．minor D．inevitable 14．A．workout B．size C．volume D．influence 15．A．necessarily B．commonly C．barely D．differently 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $