Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and activity & Listening and speaking（分层作业）英语沪教版必修第三册

Unit 4 Travels tales Period 2 Grammar and activity & Listening and speaking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 动身去某地_______________________________ 2. 被……迷住_______________________________ 3. 偶然遇见_______________________________ 4. 与……保持联系__________________________ 5. 迫不及待做某事___________________________ 6. 拓宽视野_______________________________ 7. 对……留下深刻印象______________________ 8. 一路顺风_______________________________ 9. 沉浸在……之中__________________________ 10. 把……抛在脑后__________________________ 【答案】 1. leave for sp. 解析：固定动词短语，表“出发前往某地”，sp. 为 some place 的缩写，例：We will leave for Paris tomorrow.（我们明天动身去巴黎。） 2. be fascinated by 解析：fascinate 是及物动词，意为“使着迷”，被动形式 be fascinated by 强调“被某物或某人吸引”，例：She was fascinated by the local folk music.（她被当地的民间音乐迷住了。） 3. come across 解析：表“偶然遇见人或发现事物”，同义短语有 run into，例：I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.（我昨天在街上偶然遇见一位老朋友。） 4. keep in touch with 解析：固定搭配，表“与某人维持联系”，其反义短语为 lose touch with（与……失去联系），例：We should keep in touch with our relatives.（我们应该和亲戚保持联系。） 5. can't wait to do sth. 解析：口语和书面语通用结构，强调“急切想要做某事”，注意 to 后接动词原形，例：The children can't wait to open the gifts.（孩子们迫不及待地要打开礼物。） 6. broaden one's horizons 解析：broaden 意为“拓宽、拓展”，horizons 此处为抽象含义“视野、眼界”，例：Travel can help us broaden our horizons.（旅行能帮我们拓宽视野。） 7. be deeply impressed by/with 解析：impress 作动词表“使印象深刻”，被动结构 be impressed by/with 为常用表达，deeply 可加强语气，例：I was deeply impressed by the city's beautiful scenery.（这座城市的美景给我留下了深刻印象。） 8. have a pleasant journey 解析：常用旅途祝福语，也可表达为 have a good trip，适用于送别场景，例：Have a pleasant journey! I will miss you.（一路顺风！我会想你的。） 9. be immersed in 解析：immerse 意为“使沉浸、使深陷”，被动形式表“全身心投入某事”，例：He was immersed in the interesting novel and forgot the time.（他沉浸在这本有趣的小说里，忘记了时间。） 10. leave sth. behind 解析：表“把某物抛在身后；遗忘某物”，可用于具体物品或抽象情感，例：She decided to leave all her worries behind and enjoy the trip.（她决定把所有烦恼抛在脑后，享受这次旅行。） 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. To apply for the volunteer position, you need to meet certain ________ (资格；资历) first. 2. She has great ________ (热情；热忱) for traveling and has visited over 20 countries. 3. The company plans to ________ (雇用) more staff to deal with the increasing workload. 4. Many ________ (慈善的) organizations are helping people affected by the natural disaster. 5. The ________ (保护) of wild animals is a responsibility shared by all human beings. 6. He tried to ________ (逃脱) from the locked room but failed. 7. We found a cozy café in a ________ (附近的) street after the meeting. 8. The lecture will ________ (强调) the importance of cultural exchange during travels. 9. It’s not easy to grasp the basic ________ (概念) of this new travel app quickly. 10. Hiking and camping are popular outdoor ________ (娱乐；消遣) activities for travelers. 【答案】 1. 答案：qualifications 解析：核心名词，发音为/ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/（英），表示“资格、资历”，常用搭配“meet the qualifications”（符合资格），此处用复数形式体现多种要求。 2. 答案：enthusiasm 解析：不可数名词，发音/ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/（英），对应形容词“enthusiastic”，常用搭配“show enthusiasm for”（对……有热情），符合旅行相关语境。 3. 答案：employ 解析：动词，发音/ɪmˈplɔɪ/，意为“雇用；运用”，常见搭配“employ sb. as”（雇用某人担任……），此处为不定式结构，用动词原形。 4. 答案：charitable 解析：形容词，发音/ˈtʃærətəbl/，修饰名词“organizations”，对应名词“charity”（慈善机构），搭配“charitable donation”（慈善捐赠）为高频用法。 5. 答案：conservation 解析：名词，发音/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/（英），表示“保护；节约”，常用搭配“wildlife conservation”（野生动物保护），契合旅行中关注自然的主题。 6. 答案：escape 解析：动词，发音/ɪˈskeɪp/，常用搭配“escape from”（从……逃脱），此处为不定式结构，用原形；其过去式为“escaped”，可表“逃跑的”（形容词）。 7. 答案：nearby 解析：形容词/副词，发音/ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/（英），作形容词时修饰名词“street”，作副词时可直接用（如“live nearby”），是旅行场景高频词。 8. 答案：highlight 解析：动词，发音/ˈhaɪlaɪt/，意为“强调；突出”，搭配“highlight the importance of”（强调……的重要性），也可作名词表“亮点”（如“the highlight of the trip”）。 9. 答案：concept 解析：名词，发音/ˈkɒnsept/（英），表示“概念；观念”，常用搭配“grasp the concept”（理解概念），符合学习旅行相关工具的语境。 10. 答案：recreation 解析：名词，发音/ˌrekriˈeɪʃn/，对应形容词“recreational”（娱乐的），搭配“recreation activities”（娱乐活动），契合旅行中休闲场景的表达。 三、单句语法填空。 1. By the time we arrived at the station, the train ______ (leave). 2. It was the first time that she ______ (visit) the ancient temple. 3. If we ______ (book) the tickets in advance, we wouldn’t have missed the flight. 4. The traveler insisted that he ______ (see) a UFO in the desert the night before. 5. No sooner ______ we ______ (set) off than it began to rain heavily. 6. Hardly ______ she ______ (finish) her speech when the audience burst into applause. 7. He suggested that we ______ (go) hiking this weekend to relax ourselves. 8. It is high time that we ______ (take) measures to protect the cultural relics. 9. She would rather ______ (stay) at home than go out on such a cold day. 10. If I ______ (have) enough money, I would have traveled around the world last year. 【答案】 1. had left 解析：by the time 引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句表示“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时。 2. had visited 解析：固定句型 It was the first time that... 中，that 从句的谓语动词必须用过去完成时；若主句为 It is the first time that...，从句则用现在完成时。 3. had booked 解析：本句是虚拟语气，根据后半句 wouldn’t have missed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟，if 从句谓语用 had + 过去分词 形式。 4. had seen 解析：insist 表示“坚持认为（某事是事实）”时，从句用陈述语气；句中 the night before 表示过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。 5. had; set 解析：固定句型 No sooner had sb. done sth. than... 表示“一……就……”，否定词 no sooner 置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，且时态为过去完成时。 6. had; finished 解析：Hardly had sb. done sth. when... 是固定句型，含义与 no sooner...than... 一致；否定词 hardly 置于句首时主句用部分倒装，时态为过去完成时。 7. (should) go 解析：suggest 表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略。 8. took / should take 解析：固定句型 It is high time that... 表示“是时候做某事了”，从句谓语动词用一般过去时或 should + 动词原形（should 不可省略）。 9. stay 解析：固定搭配 would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，would rather 后接动词原形。 10. had had 解析：本句是对过去情况的虚拟，if 从句谓语用 had + 过去分词 形式，主句用 would have + 过去分词 形式。 四、句子翻译 1. It was the local guide who helped the lost tourists find their way back to the hotel. 2. Not only did we enjoy the beautiful scenery, but we also learned about the local customs and traditions. 3. Hardly had the bus arrived at the scenic spot when all the passengers rushed to get off. 4. If you had booked the flight ticket in advance, you wouldn’t have missed the wonderful opening ceremony. 5. The reason why he was late for the travel group was that his alarm clock didn’t go off. 6. It is suggested that we should take some necessary medicine when going on a long-distance trip. 7. She described the ancient castle as if she had seen it with her own eyes. 8. Only by communicating with the local residents can we truly understand the charm of this small town. 9. No matter how difficult the journey is, we will stick to our original plan and reach the destination. 10. It was in this small village that the famous writer spent his childhood and got inspiration for his works. 【答案】 1. 译文：正是当地的导游帮助迷路的游客们找回了回酒店的路。 解析：此句为 强调句型（It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...），被强调部分是主语the local guide，指人时可用who 引导。 2. 译文：我们不仅欣赏了美丽的风景，还了解了当地的风土人情。 解析：Not only...but also... 连接两个分句，Not only 置于句首时，其引导的分句需用部分倒装结构（助动词/情态动词/系动词提前）。 3. 译文：大巴刚一到达景区，所有乘客就迫不及待地冲下了车。 解析：Hardly...when... 为固定句型，意为“一……就……”；Hardly 置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，且时态为过去完成时，when 从句用一般过去时。 4. 译文：如果你提前订好了机票，就不会错过这场精彩的开幕式了。 解析：此句为 虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设，从句用 had done 结构，主句用 would/could/might/should + have done 结构。 5. 译文：他旅游团集合迟到的原因是他的闹钟没响。 解析：The reason why...is that... 为固定句型，why 引导定语从句修饰先行词the reason，that 引导表语从句，不可用 because 替换。 6. 译文：有人建议，我们长途旅行时应该带一些必备的药品。 解析：It is suggested that... 为固定句式，意为“有人建议……”，从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。 7. 译文：她把那座古堡描述得栩栩如生，仿佛亲眼见过一样。 解析：as if 引导方式状语从句，从句内容与事实不符（她并未亲眼所见），需用虚拟语气，此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句用 had done 结构。 8. 译文：只有和当地居民交流，我们才能真正领略这座小镇的魅力。 解析：Only + 介词短语 置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装结构，此处把情态动词can 提到主语we 之前。 9. 译文：无论旅途多么艰难，我们都会坚持原定计划，抵达目的地。 解析：No matter how 引导让步状语从句，相当于 however，后接形容词/副词 + 主谓结构；stick to 意为“坚持（计划、原则等）”。 10. 译文：这位著名作家正是在这个小村庄里度过了童年，并获得了创作灵感。 解析：此句为 强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语in this small village，强调地点时只能用 that 引导。 五、语法填空 Travel writing has a long and rich history, with many famous authors 1.____________(share) their extraordinary journeys. Marco Polo, one of the most well-known travelers, 2.____________(employ) by the Chinese emperor during his stay in Asia, where he gathered countless stories. His tales, which introduced Europe to Asian cultures, laid the 3.________(found) for cross-cultural communication. For modern travelers, keeping a travel journal is a wonderful way to record experiences. When 4.____________(visit) a new place, you should observe details carefully— the local food, the unique customs, and the friendly people. These moments, 5. ____________might seem small at first, can become precious memories later. A good travel writer must be able to 6.____________(persuade) readers with vivid descriptions. They should revise their works repeatedly, 7.____________(ensure) that every word conveys the true spirit of the journey. Some writers even postpone 8.________(publish) their books until they have checked all facts. What makes travel tales so popular? It is the combination of adventure and insight. Readers can feel as if they 9.____________(travel) alongside the writer, exploring distant lands. Every travel story highlights the beauty of the world, 10.____________(inspire) more people to step out and discover new horizons. 【答案】 1. sharing 解析：考查非谓语动词。with复合结构中，authors与share是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填sharing。 2. was employed 解析：考查动词时态语态。主语Marco Polo与employ是被动关系，结合历史背景用一般过去时，主语为单数，故填was employed。 3. foundation 解析：考查名词。lay the foundation for为固定搭配，意为“为……奠定基础”，需将动词found转化为名词foundation。 4. visiting 解析：考查非谓语动词。when引导时间状语从句的省略结构，逻辑主语you与visit是主动关系，用现在分词形式，故填visiting。 5. which 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为these moments，指物，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。 6. persuade 解析：考查动词原形。be able to后接动词原形，故填persuade（说服），符合语境“用生动描述说服读者”。 7. ensuring 解析：考查非谓语动词。主句主语they与ensure是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，表“修订作品的同时确保……”。 8. publishing 解析：考查非谓语动词。postpone后接动名词作宾语，为固定用法，故填publishing（出版）。 9. are traveling 解析：考查虚拟语气。as if引导的从句表示与现在事实相符的虚拟，用现在进行时，体现“仿佛正在一同旅行”的感觉。 10. inspiring 解析：考查非谓语动词。主句主语every travel story与inspire是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，表“自然导致的结果”。 六、阅读理解 （上海市浦东新区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试）In 2008, a man who lived in Detroit named Jerrold Foke, whom everyone called “Uncle Jerrold”, came up with an unusual idea. Foke had realized that for a long time, there had only been 26 letters in the English alphabet. He had referred to another alphabet, called the phonetic alphabet (音标字母表) — which is like an alphabet for sounds — and came across a symbol that aroused his interest. It looks like an upside-down, lowercase “e” (“ə”) and represents the sound, “uh,” like the noise you make when you’re confused. It is called the “schwa”. Foke thought it might be time for a new letter to be added. Jerrold had a good reason for wanting to add a new letter to the English alphabet. He thought that if English got a new letter, then people might be able to make new words. He reasoned that if people made new words, they might be able to communicate better. Jerrold began telling everyone he knew about the schwa. He requested that friends help him make new words using the schwa. People would use the schwa to make an “uh” sound in the word. His friends thought this was a pretty good idea. Jerrold lived in a hotel in downtown Detroit. Every day, when he went down to the lobby (大厅) someone he knew would tell him a new word he’d made. In an effort to spread the schwa still farther, Jerrold began to spend some of his days standing in Campus Martius Plaza, with a sign that said “Have you heard about the schwa?” He liked to share some of the words he and his friends had made, and then invite these people to make their own schwa-based words. Some people did so enthusiastically, while others were more doubtful about the schwa’s potential. When people asked Jerrold where the schwa should go in the alphabet, he’d always say, “In the front.” When people asked him why, he’d say, “Because that’s where it belongs.” Because of Jerrold’s work, people were encouraged to make their own words, whether using the schwa or not. His goal of increasing communication between different people remained one that was greatly valued. 1．According to the passage, Jerrold’s unusual idea was to ________. A．develop an interest in language B．make a confusing noise in public C．introduce a new word to his friend D．add a letter to the English alphabet 2．Jerrold encouraged people to use the schwa mainly because ________. A．it would catch on in England very soon B．people were reluctant to make new words C．it might allow people to communicate better D．there were things for which English had no word 3．Jerrold’s work can be described as ________. A．valueless B．confusing C．inspiring D．unreasonable 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Jerrold Foke提出在英语字母表中添加一个字母，来帮助人们更好地交流。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Jerrold had a good reason for wanting to add a new letter to the English alphabet.(杰罗德有一个很好的理由想要在英语字母表中添加一个新字母)”可知，杰罗德的不同寻常的想法是在英语字母表中添加一个字母。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“He reasoned that if people made new words, they might be able to communicate better.(他的理由是，如果人们创造新词，他们可能能够更好地交流)”可知，杰罗德鼓励人们使用弱读音，主要是因为它可以让人们更好地交流。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Because of Jerrold’s work, people were encouraged to make their own words, whether using the schwa or not. His goal of increasing communication between different people remained one that was greatly valued.(由于Jerrold的工作，人们被鼓励创造自己的单词，不管是否使用弱读音。他的目标是增加不同人群之间的交流，这一目标一直受到人们的高度重视)”可知，杰罗德的工作可以说是鼓舞人心的。故选C。 七、六选四 （23-24高一下·上海浦东东昌中学·期末）Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. 1 Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them. 2 If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. 3 Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. 4 The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. A．If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. B．In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models. C．Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. D．I was very proud of myself. E．But soon I grew bored. F．Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了盲目模仿的危害以及如何树立榜样。 1．根据上文“When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes.(当我第一次学习烹饪时，我用食谱做出一些美味的菜肴)”以及后文“Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own?(当我可以创造自己的烹饪方式时，为什么要遵循别人的烹饪方式呢？)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出作者不想再模仿别人了，故E选项“但很快我就厌倦了”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据本段内容“If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.(当你还是个孩子的时候，如果你观察过那些生活糟糕的人，你可能会把他们的恐惧和痛苦当作正常的事情来接受，然后跟随他们的脚步。如果你不为自己做出强有力的选择，你就会得到别人软弱选择的结果)”可知，后文的例子表明不好的榜样，会带来负面的影响，故B选项“在日常生活中，如果我们下意识地树立了不好的榜样，模仿就会伤害我们”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据上文“In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous.(在娱乐领域，我们的文化颂扬名人。那些明星在银幕上看起来很棒。但当他们走出银幕，他们的个人生活可能是灾难性的)”可知，上文提到了明星在银幕上看着光鲜，实际上个人生活很糟糕，说明树立榜样不能仅凭外在，要多关注内在，故A选项“如果你要跟随某人，关注他们的才能，而不是他们的坏性格或不可接受的行为”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.(有福的人，是愿意按照自己突然产生的创造独特事物的愿望去行动的人。想想那些对你影响最深的电影、书籍、老师和朋友。他们打动了你，因为他们的创作是出于灵感，而不是绝望。改变世界的不是那些按照前人的做法行事的人，而是那些按照自己内心的想法行事的人)”以及后文“The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.(创作者面临的问题不是素材不足，是如何处理敲开想象之门的材料)”可知，上文提到了按照自己内心想法做事，后文则提到了想象，故本句是在说明有创造力的人想法很多，故C选项“有创造力的人有无穷无尽的想法”符合语境，故选C。 八、完形填空 （上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中）I’m Lovin’It Food would undoubtedly be our best friend, if it wasn’t for our love-and-hate relationship with calories. And the 1 fact that so many tasty things actually contain so many of them often catches us off guard. Calories quietly hide in our favorite foods, ready to slide into our bodies uninvited, often without 2 , where they will stay for an extended vacation, until we can find the motivation to do some physical exercise (which, let’s face it, is never) in the hope of losing some weight. Calories 3 practically everything that you can put in your mouth, which makes them impossible to avoid. So, rather than totally 4 delicious treats, it’s time to embrace them. So, starting with everyone’s favourite fast food restaurant, we’ve ranked some of the food on the McDonald’s menu 5 calories, so that you can indulge (纵情享受) with full disclosure. But a word of 6 : There is an extremely high chance that once reading this, you will desire everything on the McDonald’s menu-regardless of the calories. Hash Brown - 150 calories The hash browns look so 7 and harmless in their individual paper sleeves. But, hiding behind that crispy (脆的) appearance is a warm, soft center rich with calories and nearly 6% of your daily fat allowance. Small French Fries-250 calories The 8 of McDonald’s lies in its delicious french fries. The skinny potato chips have the ability to revive us from near death, but they come with a price: 250 calories for a small portion! A large portion will 9 510 calories! McChicken Hamburger-370 calories The McChicken Hamburger comes with lettuce, which provides a false sense of 10 , as our brain is programmed to see green salads as healthy, which they are, just not when combined with all fat mayo (蛋黄酱) and fried chicken. Chicken McNuggets–388 calories It is never easy to choose the portion size of Chicken McNuggets, six isn’t enough, nine is a little too many, and 24 is virtually impossible. 11 , learning the calorie difference between the portion sizes may help you make a decision. Six will cost you 270 calories, nine will claim 388 calories and 24 nuggets contain an enormous 1,140 calories. Sausage McMuffin with Egg-430 calories Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, so why not 12 yourself with the McDonald’s breakfast menu? Well, because a Sausage and Egg McMuffin will secretly drain 430 calories from your daily allowance before you have even 13 woken up. But, nothing beats McDonald’s to start a new day! Big Mac-560 calories The Big Mac is the comfort food we all 14 in times of need. Although, it would appear that it doesn’t quite support us as well as we thought, because hiding inside the tasty treat are 560 calories! Despite the knowledge that a quick trip to McDonald’s will burn through virtually your whole daily allowance of food 15 , we have no shame in admitting that it is our favourite place on Earth. We are certainly “Lovin’ It”! 1．A．easy-to-accept B．heart-warming C．less-known D．make-believe 2．A．notice B．purpose C．support D．strategy 3．A．rely on B．differ from C．filter out D．exist in 4．A．refuse B．prepare C．share D．deserve 5．A．for fear of B．in order of C．in contrast to D．without limitation on 6．A．complaint B．appreciation C．encouragement D．warning 7．A．tasteless B．strange C．innocent D．oily 8．A．failure B．magic C．history D．distribution 9．A．burn B．monitor C．claim D．restrict 10．A．security B．fullness C．happiness D．boredom 11．A．Otherwise B．Moreover C．However D．Similarly 12．A．behave B．spoil C．burden D．amuse 13．A．unhappily B．properly C．suddenly D．late 14．A．attend to B．glance at C．associate with D．turn to 15．A．intake B．shortage C．bill D．preparation 【答案】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是麦当劳的一些食物所含的卡路里的情况。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而鲜为人知的事实是，这么多美味的食物实际上含有这么多的它们，这经常让我们措手不及。A. easy-to-accept容易接受的；B. heart-warming感人的；C. less-known鲜为人知的；D. make-believe假装的。根据下文“so many tasty things actually contain so many of them often catches us off guard”可知，这么多美味的食物实际上含有这么多的热量让我们措手不及，可见这个事实是人们不怎么知道的，因此空格处是“鲜为人知的”。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡路里悄悄地藏在我们最喜欢的食物里，随时准备不请自来地溜进我们的身体，通常没有通知，它们会在那里呆很长一段时间，直到我们找到动力去做一些体育锻炼(让我们面对现实吧，这是永远不会的)，希望能减肥。A. notice通知；B. purpose目的；C. support支持；D. strategy策略。根据上文“Calories quietly hide in our favorite foods, ready to slide into our bodies uninvited”可知，卡路里悄悄地藏在我们最喜欢的食物里，随时不请自来，也就是事先不通知。故选A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：卡路里几乎存在于你可以放进嘴里的所有东西中，这使得它们无法避免。A. rely on依靠；B. differ from不同于；C. filter out过滤掉；D. exist in存在于。根据上文“Calories”和下文“practically everything that you can put in your mouth”可知，卡路里几乎存在于你可以放进嘴里的所有东西中。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，与其完全拒绝美味的食物，不如拥抱它们。A. refuse拒绝；B. prepare准备；C. share分享；D. deserve值得。根据下文“it’s time to embrace them”可知，是时候拥抱它们了，也就是我们不要完全拒绝美味的食物。故选A。 5．考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以，从每个人最喜欢的快餐店开始，我们按照卡路里的顺序排列了麦当劳菜单上的一些食物，这样你就可以尽情享受了。A. for fear of以免；B. in order of按……顺序；C. in contrast to与……形成对比；D. without limitation on不限于。根据上文“we’ve ranked some of the food on the McDonald’s menu”和下文表格中的食物所含的卡路里是按从小到大的顺序排列的可知，此处表示“我们按照卡路里的顺序排列了麦当劳菜单上的一些食物”，空格处意为“按……顺序”。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但要提醒一句:一旦你读到这篇文章，你极有可能会想吃麦当劳菜单上的所有东西——不管卡路里多少。A. complaint抱怨；B. appreciation理解；C. encouragement鼓励；D. warning提醒，告诫。根据下文“There is an extremely high chance that once reading this, you will desire everything on the McDonald’s menu-regardless of the calories”可知，空后是作者对读者的一种提醒。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些薯饼装在单独的纸套里，看起来是那么无辜和无害。A. tasteless无味的；B. strange奇怪的；C. innocent无辜的；D. oily含油的。根据下文“and harmless”可知，此处表示这种薯饼看上去是无辜和无害的。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦当劳的魔力在于它美味的薯条。A. failure失败；B. magic魔力；C. history历史；D. distribution分发。根据下文“The skinny potato chips have the ability to revive us from near death”可知，薯条有让我们死里逃生的能力，这是麦当劳的魔力所在。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一大份会含有510卡路里！A. burn燃烧；B. monitor监控；C. claim声称（含有）；D. restrict限制。根据上文“A large portion”和下文“510 calories”可知，一大份薯条在食物标签上声称（含有）510卡路里。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦香鸡汉堡里有生菜，这给人一种虚假的安全感，因为我们的大脑会认为绿色沙拉是健康的，它们确实是健康的，只是当和所有的脂肪蛋黄酱和炸鸡结合在一起时就不健康了。A. security安全；B. fullness饱腹感；C. happiness快乐；D. boredom无聊。根据下文“as our brain is programmed to see green salads as healthy”可知，我们的大脑会认为绿色沙拉是健康的，因此汉堡里有生菜会给人一种安全感，让人觉得自己吃得很健康。故选A。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，了解不同份量食物的热量差异可能会帮助你做出决定。A. Otherwise否则；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Similarly相似地。根据上文“It is never easy to choose the portion size of Chicken McNuggets”和下文“learning the calorie difference between the portion sizes may help you make a decision”可知，前后两句是转折关系，因此空格处是however。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：早餐是一天中最重要的一餐，所以为什么不放纵一下麦当劳的早餐菜单呢？A. behave表现；B. spoil溺爱，宠坏；C. burden使负重担；D. amuse逗乐，逗笑。根据上文“Breakfast is the most important meal of the day”可知，早餐是一天中最重要的一餐，因此为什么不用麦当劳的早餐来宠坏自己呢，因此空格处是spoil。故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：好吧，因为在你完全醒来之前，一个香肠鸡蛋麦松饼就会偷偷地从你的每日摄入量中消耗430卡路里。A. unhappily不高兴地；B. properly彻底地，完全地；C. suddenly突然；D. late晚地。根据上文“a Sausage and Egg McMuffin will secretly drain 430 calories from your daily allowance before you have even”可知，在你早上完全醒来之前，一个香肠鸡蛋麦松饼就会偷偷地从你的每日摄入量中消耗430卡路里。故选B。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：巨无霸是我们在需要的时候都会求助的安慰食物。A. attend to照顾；B. glance at看一下；C. associate with把……联系在一起；D. turn to求助于。根据上文“comfort food”和下文“in times of need”可知，巨无霸是我们在需要的时候都会求助的安慰食物。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们都知道去一趟麦当劳会消耗掉你每天的食物摄入量，但我们毫不羞愧地承认，麦当劳是我们在地球上最喜欢的地方。A. intake摄入量；B. shortage短缺；C. bill账单；D. preparation准备。根据上文“a quick trip to McDonald’s will burn through virtually your whole daily allowance of food”可知，去一趟麦当劳就要吃东西，因此此处表示“尽管我们都知道去一趟麦当劳会消耗掉你每天的食物摄入量”。故选A。 $ Unit 4 Travels tales Period 2 Grammar and activity & Listening and speaking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 动身去某地_______________________________ 2. 被……迷住_______________________________ 3. 偶然遇见_______________________________ 4. 与……保持联系__________________________ 5. 迫不及待做某事___________________________ 6. 拓宽视野_______________________________ 7. 对……留下深刻印象______________________ 8. 一路顺风_______________________________ 9. 沉浸在……之中__________________________ 10. 把……抛在脑后__________________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. To apply for the volunteer position, you need to meet certain ________ (资格；资历) first. 2. She has great ________ (热情；热忱) for traveling and has visited over 20 countries. 3. The company plans to ________ (雇用) more staff to deal with the increasing workload. 4. Many ________ (慈善的) organizations are helping people affected by the natural disaster. 5. The ________ (保护) of wild animals is a responsibility shared by all human beings. 6. He tried to ________ (逃脱) from the locked room but failed. 7. We found a cozy café in a ________ (附近的) street after the meeting. 8. The lecture will ________ (强调) the importance of cultural exchange during travels. 9. It’s not easy to grasp the basic ________ (概念) of this new travel app quickly. 10. Hiking and camping are popular outdoor ________ (娱乐；消遣) activities for travelers. 三、单句语法填空。 1. By the time we arrived at the station, the train ______ (leave). 2. It was the first time that she ______ (visit) the ancient temple. 3. If we ______ (book) the tickets in advance, we wouldn’t have missed the flight. 4. The traveler insisted that he ______ (see) a UFO in the desert the night before. 5. No sooner ______ we ______ (set) off than it began to rain heavily. 6. Hardly ______ she ______ (finish) her speech when the audience burst into applause. 7. He suggested that we ______ (go) hiking this weekend to relax ourselves. 8. It is high time that we ______ (take) measures to protect the cultural relics. 9. She would rather ______ (stay) at home than go out on such a cold day. 10. If I ______ (have) enough money, I would have traveled around the world last year. 四、句子翻译 1. It was the local guide who helped the lost tourists find their way back to the hotel. 2. Not only did we enjoy the beautiful scenery, but we also learned about the local customs and traditions. 3. Hardly had the bus arrived at the scenic spot when all the passengers rushed to get off. 4. If you had booked the flight ticket in advance, you wouldn’t have missed the wonderful opening ceremony. 5. The reason why he was late for the travel group was that his alarm clock didn’t go off. 6. It is suggested that we should take some necessary medicine when going on a long-distance trip. 7. She described the ancient castle as if she had seen it with her own eyes. 8. Only by communicating with the local residents can we truly understand the charm of this small town. 9. No matter how difficult the journey is, we will stick to our original plan and reach the destination. 10. It was in this small village that the famous writer spent his childhood and got inspiration for his works. 五、语法填空 Travel writing has a long and rich history, with many famous authors 1.____________(share) their extraordinary journeys. Marco Polo, one of the most well-known travelers, 2.____________(employ) by the Chinese emperor during his stay in Asia, where he gathered countless stories. His tales, which introduced Europe to Asian cultures, laid the 3.________(found) for cross-cultural communication. For modern travelers, keeping a travel journal is a wonderful way to record experiences. When 4.____________(visit) a new place, you should observe details carefully— the local food, the unique customs, and the friendly people. These moments, 5. ____________might seem small at first, can become precious memories later. A good travel writer must be able to 6.____________(persuade) readers with vivid descriptions. They should revise their works repeatedly, 7.____________(ensure) that every word conveys the true spirit of the journey. Some writers even postpone 8.________(publish) their books until they have checked all facts. What makes travel tales so popular? It is the combination of adventure and insight. Readers can feel as if they 9.____________(travel) alongside the writer, exploring distant lands. Every travel story highlights the beauty of the world, 10.____________(inspire) more people to step out and discover new horizons. 六、阅读理解 （上海市浦东新区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试）In 2008, a man who lived in Detroit named Jerrold Foke, whom everyone called “Uncle Jerrold”, came up with an unusual idea. Foke had realized that for a long time, there had only been 26 letters in the English alphabet. He had referred to another alphabet, called the phonetic alphabet (音标字母表) — which is like an alphabet for sounds — and came across a symbol that aroused his interest. It looks like an upside-down, lowercase “e” (“ə”) and represents the sound, “uh,” like the noise you make when you’re confused. It is called the “schwa”. Foke thought it might be time for a new letter to be added. Jerrold had a good reason for wanting to add a new letter to the English alphabet. He thought that if English got a new letter, then people might be able to make new words. He reasoned that if people made new words, they might be able to communicate better. Jerrold began telling everyone he knew about the schwa. He requested that friends help him make new words using the schwa. People would use the schwa to make an “uh” sound in the word. His friends thought this was a pretty good idea. Jerrold lived in a hotel in downtown Detroit. Every day, when he went down to the lobby (大厅) someone he knew would tell him a new word he’d made. In an effort to spread the schwa still farther, Jerrold began to spend some of his days standing in Campus Martius Plaza, with a sign that said “Have you heard about the schwa?” He liked to share some of the words he and his friends had made, and then invite these people to make their own schwa-based words. Some people did so enthusiastically, while others were more doubtful about the schwa’s potential. When people asked Jerrold where the schwa should go in the alphabet, he’d always say, “In the front.” When people asked him why, he’d say, “Because that’s where it belongs.” Because of Jerrold’s work, people were encouraged to make their own words, whether using the schwa or not. His goal of increasing communication between different people remained one that was greatly valued. 1．According to the passage, Jerrold’s unusual idea was to ________. A．develop an interest in language B．make a confusing noise in public C．introduce a new word to his friend D．add a letter to the English alphabet 2．Jerrold encouraged people to use the schwa mainly because ________. A．it would catch on in England very soon B．people were reluctant to make new words C．it might allow people to communicate better D．there were things for which English had no word 3．Jerrold’s work can be described as ________. A．valueless B．confusing C．inspiring D．unreasonable 七、六选四 （23-24高一下·上海浦东东昌中学·期末）Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. 1 Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them. 2 If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. 3 Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. 4 The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. A．If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. B．In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models. C．Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. D．I was very proud of myself. E．But soon I grew bored. F．Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. 八、完形填空 （上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中）I’m Lovin’It Food would undoubtedly be our best friend, if it wasn’t for our love-and-hate relationship with calories. And the 1 fact that so many tasty things actually contain so many of them often catches us off guard. Calories quietly hide in our favorite foods, ready to slide into our bodies uninvited, often without 2 , where they will stay for an extended vacation, until we can find the motivation to do some physical exercise (which, let’s face it, is never) in the hope of losing some weight. Calories 3 practically everything that you can put in your mouth, which makes them impossible to avoid. So, rather than totally 4 delicious treats, it’s time to embrace them. So, starting with everyone’s favourite fast food restaurant, we’ve ranked some of the food on the McDonald’s menu 5 calories, so that you can indulge (纵情享受) with full disclosure. But a word of 6 : There is an extremely high chance that once reading this, you will desire everything on the McDonald’s menu-regardless of the calories. Hash Brown - 150 calories The hash browns look so 7 and harmless in their individual paper sleeves. But, hiding behind that crispy (脆的) appearance is a warm, soft center rich with calories and nearly 6% of your daily fat allowance. Small French Fries-250 calories The 8 of McDonald’s lies in its delicious french fries. The skinny potato chips have the ability to revive us from near death, but they come with a price: 250 calories for a small portion! A large portion will 9 510 calories! McChicken Hamburger-370 calories The McChicken Hamburger comes with lettuce, which provides a false sense of 10 , as our brain is programmed to see green salads as healthy, which they are, just not when combined with all fat mayo (蛋黄酱) and fried chicken. Chicken McNuggets–388 calories It is never easy to choose the portion size of Chicken McNuggets, six isn’t enough, nine is a little too many, and 24 is virtually impossible. 11 , learning the calorie difference between the portion sizes may help you make a decision. Six will cost you 270 calories, nine will claim 388 calories and 24 nuggets contain an enormous 1,140 calories. Sausage McMuffin with Egg-430 calories Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, so why not 12 yourself with the McDonald’s breakfast menu? Well, because a Sausage and Egg McMuffin will secretly drain 430 calories from your daily allowance before you have even 13 woken up. But, nothing beats McDonald’s to start a new day! Big Mac-560 calories The Big Mac is the comfort food we all 14 in times of need. Although, it would appear that it doesn’t quite support us as well as we thought, because hiding inside the tasty treat are 560 calories! Despite the knowledge that a quick trip to McDonald’s will burn through virtually your whole daily allowance of food 15 , we have no shame in admitting that it is our favourite place on Earth. We are certainly “Lovin’ It”! 1．A．easy-to-accept B．heart-warming C．less-known D．make-believe 2．A．notice B．purpose C．support D．strategy 3．A．rely on B．differ from C．filter out D．exist in 4．A．refuse B．prepare C．share D．deserve 5．A．for fear of B．in order of C．in contrast to D．without limitation on 6．A．complaint B．appreciation C．encouragement D．warning 7．A．tasteless B．strange C．innocent D．oily 8．A．failure B．magic C．history D．distribution 9．A．burn B．monitor C．claim D．restrict 10．A．security B．fullness C．happiness D．boredom 11．A．Otherwise B．Moreover C．However D．Similarly 12．A．behave B．spoil C．burden D．amuse 13．A．unhappily B．properly C．suddenly D．late 14．A．attend to B．glance at C．associate with D．turn to 15．A．intake B．shortage C．bill D．preparation 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $