【教材疏通】Unit 1 课时1 Welcome to the unit（知识梳理）-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

中考回归考教材☆·疏通教材是前提 8B Unit 1 Past and present教材疏通 课时1 Welcome to the unit （知识梳理） 重点单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.underground/ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ n. 地铁 拓展： take the underground = by underground乘坐地铁 2.speed/spiːd/ n. 速度 拓展： at high speed高速地 speed up加速 3.high-speed train n. 高速列车 拓展： take a high-speed train乘坐高速列车 4.used to曾经 拓展： used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 比较：be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 5.crowded/ˈkraʊdɪd/adj. 拥挤的 拓展： a crowded place拥挤的地方 6.convenient/kənˈviːniənt/adj. 方便的 拓展： a convenient time (place)方便的时间 / 地点 be convenient for sb.对某人来说方便 重点词汇辨析及用法训练 1.underground/ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ n. 地铁 易错辨析： 结构区分：take the underground 是动词短语，可作谓语；by underground 是介词短语，只能作状语，不能单独作谓语。 冠词规则：take 后必须加 the，by 后不加冠词。 例句： I take the underground to work every day. 我每天坐地铁上班。 It’s faster to go there by underground. 坐地铁去那里更快。 练一练： — How do you go to the library? — I ______ there because it’s cheap and fast. A. by underground B. take the underground C. take underground D. by the underground 答案： B 解析：空格处需要谓语动词，take the underground 是正确的动词短语；by underground 是介词短语，不能作谓语，且 by 后不加冠词，因此选 B。 2.speed/spiːd/ n. 速度 易错辨析： 短语功能：at high speed 表状态（高速地）；speed up 表动作（加速），可作及物/不及物动词。 时态变化：speed 的过去式为 speeded 或 sped。 例句： The train was moving at high speed through the tunnel. 火车正高速穿过隧道。 The driver decided to speed up to arrive on time. 司机决定加速以准时到达。 练一练： The car ______ suddenly when the light turned green, and it was moving ______ just now. A. speed up; at high speed B. speeded up; at high speed C. speed up; at a high speed D. speeded up; at a high speed 答案： B 解析：第一空描述过去的动作，用过去式 speeded up；第二空 at high speed 是固定搭配，不加不定冠词 a，因此选 B。 3.high-speed train n. 高速列车 易错辨析： 复合形容词：high-speed 是复合形容词，作定语时中间有连字符，修饰名词 train。 动词搭配：表示“乘坐”时，用 take a high-speed train，不可省略冠词 a。 例句： We will take a high-speed train to Beijing next week. 下周我们将乘坐高速列车去北京。 The high-speed train can reach 350 km per hour. 这列高速列车时速可达350公里。 练一练： My family will go to Shanghai by ______, and we will take ______ to get there. A. high-speed train; a high-speed train B. a high-speed train; high-speed train C. high-speed trains; a high-speed train D. a high-speed train; high-speed trains 答案： A 解析：by + 交通工具 结构中不加冠词，故第一空为 high-speed train；take a + 交通工具 结构中需加不定冠词 a，因此选 A。 4.used to曾经 易错辨析： used to do sth.：表示 “过去常常做某事（现在不做了）” ，to 后接动词原形。 be used to doing sth.：表示 “习惯于做某事” ，to 是介词，后接动名词。 be used to do sth.：表示 “被用来做某事” ，是被动语态结构。 例句： I used to play the piano, but now I don’t. 我过去常弹钢琴，但现在不弹了。 She is used to getting up early every morning. 她习惯每天早起。 练一练： My father ______ smoke a lot, but now he ______ not smoking to keep healthy. A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. used to; used to D. is used to; is used to 答案： A 解析：第一空后接动词原形 smoke，用 used to do sth. 表示“过去常常”；第二空后接动名词 smoking，用 be used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于”，因此选 A。 5.crowded/ˈkraʊdɪd/adj. 拥挤的 易错辨析： 词性区分：crowded 是形容词；crowd 是名词（人群）或动词（拥挤）。 固定搭配：be crowded with 表示“挤满……”，不可说 a place crowds。 例句： The supermarket is crowded with people on weekends. 周末超市里挤满了人。 We walked slowly through the crowd. 我们在人群中慢慢穿行。 练一练： The square is ______ with tourists, and we can hardly move in the ______. A. crowd; crowded B. crowded; crowd C. crowded; crowded D. crowd; crowd 答案： B 解析：第一空考查固定搭配 be crowded with；第二空定冠词 the 后接名词 crowd（人群），因此选 B。 6.convenient/kənˈviːniənt/adj. 方便的 易错辨析： 主语规则：convenient 不能以“人”作主语，常用结构为 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 或 A time/place is convenient。 词性区分：convenient 是形容词；convenience 是名词（便利）。 例句： It is convenient for me to meet you at 4 p.m. 我下午4点见你很方便。 The new subway makes our life more convenient. 新地铁让我们的生活更便利。 练一练： — Is ______ for you to come to my office tomorrow? — Yes, the time is very ______ for me. A. convenient; convenient B. it convenient; convenient C. convenient; convenience D. it convenient; convenience 答案： B 解析：第一空是固定句型 It is convenient for sb. to do sth.，it 作形式主语；第二空 be 动词后接形容词 convenient 作表语，因此选 B。 重点短语和句型 英语短语 中文释义 do a school project 做学校课题 write the correct words 写出正确的单词 talk about transport 谈论交通 go to school 去上学 get around the city 在城市内出行 travel to other cities 前往其他城市 used to do 过去常常做（某事） take a bus 坐公共汽车 make a list 列清单 by bike/bus/car 骑自行车/乘公共汽车/坐小汽车 by underground/plane 乘地铁/乘飞机 high-speed train 高铁 英语句型 中文释义 How did you go to school when you were a student? 你当学生的时候是怎么去上学的？ Why didn't you take a bus? 你为什么不坐公共汽车呢？ I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常常骑自行车去上学。 How does she go to school? 她怎么去上学？ How many different types of transport have you used? 你使用过多少种不同的交通方式？ They were always crowded. 它们（公共汽车）总是很拥挤。 I like going to school by bus. 我喜欢坐公共汽车去上学。 重点语法及知识点 一般过去时 定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去习惯性、经常性的动作。 用法： 1.描述过去的具体行为（如上学的交通方式、过去的客观情况）； 2.常与表示过去的时间状语（when you were a student, when I was young）连用； 3.疑问句借助助动词did，否定句用didn't，后接动词原形；be动词过去式为was/were。 例句： How did you go to school when you were a student? （疑问句，询问过去的出行方式） Why didn't you take a bus? （否定疑问句，询问过去不做某事的原因） There were only a few buses. （陈述句，描述过去的客观状态） used to do 结构 定义：专门表示“过去常常做某事，而现在不再做了”，强调过去与现在的对比。 用法： 1.结构为used to + 动词原形，无人称和数的变化； 2.否定式：didn't use to do；疑问式：Did ... use to do ...?； 3.常与现在的情况形成对比，突出变化。 例句： I used to go to school by bike.（过去常骑自行车上学，现在不这样了） She didn't use to take the underground.（她过去不常坐地铁） “by + 交通工具”表出行方式 定义：介词短语，用于简洁表达“乘坐某种交通工具”，在句中作方式状语。 用法： 结构：by + 交通工具单数（无冠词、无复数形式）； 同义转换：take a/an/the + 交通工具（动词短语作谓语）； 特殊表达：on foot（步行，无by形式）。 例句： He goes to work by car. = He takes a car to work.（他开车去上班） I go to school by bike. = I ride a bike to school.（我骑自行车去上学） She went to the park on foot.（她步行去公园） 课文疏通 （一）课文原文（核心对话） Millie: How did you go to school when you were a student, Dad? Dad: I used to go to school by bike. Millie: Why didn't you take a bus? Dad: When I was young, there were only a few buses, and they were always crowded. Millie: Really? But now they are comfortable and convenient. I like going to school by bus. （二）逐句解析 句 子 解 析 How did you go to school when you were a student, Dad? ① 核心句型：How did ... go to ...? 询问过去的出行方式；② when you were a student 是时间状语从句，用一般过去时。 I used to go to school by bike. ① 核心结构：used to do 表示“过去常常做”；② by bike 作方式状语，表“骑自行车”。 Why didn't you take a bus? ① 否定疑问句，didn't 后接动词原形take；② take a bus 是动词短语，与by bus 同义。 When I was young, there were only a few buses, and they were always crowded. ① When I was young 时间状语从句，一般过去时；② there were 是there be句型的过去式，表“过去存在”；③ a few 修饰可数名词复数，表“少数，几个”；④ crowded 形容词，意为“拥挤的”。 Really? But now they are comfortable and convenient. I like going to school by bus. ① now 标志现在的状态，用一般现在时；② comfortable（舒适的）、convenient（方便的）为形容词，描述现在公共汽车的特点；③ like doing sth. 表“喜欢做某事（习惯性）”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $