专题03 Unit 1 Nature in the balance（单元话题(环境保护)阅读理解15篇+阅读理解七选五5篇）2025-2026学年高一同步重难点专题练 （译林版2020必修三）

专题03 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 单元话题---环境保护 (阅读理解15篇+阅读理解七选五5篇) 01 主题介绍 02 高考模拟演练 03 阅读理解专练 本单元的主题语境是人与自然，话题是环境与环境保护，涉及的语篇类型有歌曲、纪录片脚本、电视访谈节目脚本、新闻报道、视频等。本单元的教学旨在帮助学生认识环境保护的重要性，培养学生的环保意识。在本单元学习中，充分认识亚马逊雨林、生物多样性对地球的重要作用，了解动物保护的意义和保护动物的方式方法，正视经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾，思考二者之间的关系。阅读让学生认识环境保护的重要性，培养人与自然和谐共生的意识;语篇阅读，训练学生的阅读策略. 我们在阅读过程中归纳段落大意、分析长难句、猜测词义等；总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度；关注语篇主题语境与相关话题，认识到环境保护的重要性，培养人与自然和谐共生的意识。 (2025新高考I卷D)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte - Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte - Lindsay's suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 阅读理解 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年山东省淄博市临淄区淄博第七中学高一上学期1月月考)As a student or teacher, you can subscribe (订阅) to all the magazines, taking advantage of the low rates with savings of up to 29% available to students, teachers and schools. These rates are open to students and teachers at secondary level plus anyone studying for professional qualifications or engaged in continuing education programs. The offers are also available to all schools at the same levels. Magazines that we and our customers like Magazine Our Price Saving Good Food £ 49.00 Save 20% BBC Wildlife £ 50.99 Save 29% Gardeners World £ 58.00 Save 14% The Economist £ 126.20 Save 28% BBC Wildlife Subscription Your guide to the natural world, showing the wonder and beauty of wildlife and helping you to experience and enjoy nature more. Packed full of breathtaking images, informative features, British wildlife, practical advice and much more, this is a must-read for everyone with a passion for the natural world. If you like feeding the birds in your garden, spotting wildlife in the British countryside, then it’s the magazine for you! Experience the wonder and beauty of nature through the inspirational images of the world’s finest wildlife photographers and enjoy fascinating features on the animals and the world around us. Plus, all of our practical advice, expert tips and ideas for great days out will help you to understand, experience and enjoy nature more. Already have a subscription to BBC Wildlife? Click the RENEW button to go to our easy Renewal Process. 1. What makes BBC Wildlife worth reading? A. Current events on wildlife protection. B. Practical advice for gardening enthusiasts. C. Features on wildlife and useful tips. D. Photos of wildlife around the world. 2. What is the original price of Good Food? A. £ 49.00. B. £ 61.25. C. £ 58.8. D. £ 39.2. 3. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A report. B. A paper. C. A brochure. D. A website. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年杭州高级中学临平学校上学期期末考试高一英语试题)“A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations. Plants produce a high frequency(频率) clicking sound, and when lack of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study. Focusing particularly on tomatoes, wheat and corn, the plants were placed in a soundproof (隔音的) room and recorded by microphones. Some plants were short of water, others cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used an algorithm(算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants. Generally speaking, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20 kHz, while the sounds produced by plants are about 40-80 kHz, far beyond our hearing. “The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these creatures use this information to choose which plants to eat. A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them. 4. What can we know from the six-year experiment? A. Plants produce more regular sound in certain stressful situations. B. Plants of different types make the sound of the same frequency. C. Plants make sounds with a much lower frequency when stressed. D. Plants make the sound of the same frequency whatever the situation. 5. What is the algorithm used for in the research? A. To record the sounds. B. To identify the sounds. C. To produce the sounds. D. To control the sounds. 6. What has been proven by scientists according to the passage? A. Plants can hear each other’s cry for help. B. Animals can hear the sounds made by plants. C. Animals decide what to eat based on the sounds plants make. D. Plants can make sounds and respond to sound waves. 7. Which of the following is the best title of the text? A. Sounds That We Can’t Hear B. Beautiful Songs from Plants C. Plants React to Different Types of Stress D. Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed Passage 3 (2025-2026学年安徽宣城市第一学期期末检测高一英语试题)In many parts of the world, autumn brings cooler weather and a beautiful change — leaves on some trees turn from green to bright shades of yellow, orange, and red. But those colors are short-lived before leaves fall off their trees. Have you ever wondered why this happens? It’s all part of how the plants prepare for winter. Trees spend much of the year turning sunshine into food through photosynthesis(光合作用). This process relies on a green pigment(色素) in leaves called chlorophyll(叶绿素). But as autumn approaches, days get shorter and nights get colder. Plants can no longer make enough chlorophyll to keep their leaves green. Instead, they break down chlorophyll into smaller parts and then take them in. This saves energy because plants don’t have to make chlorophyll from the very beginning when spring comes. When chlorophyll dies away, other pigments in the leaves start to show. These pigments not only create beautiful colors but also protect leaves from being eaten by insects or damaged by sunlight. At the same time, these trees stop putting effort into holding on to their leaves. Getting rid of their leaves can help trees keep water in their bodies over winter. It also allows strong winds to blow more easily through trees’ branches, putting less stress on them. However, not all trees let go of their autumn leaves so easily. For example, some willows(柳树) may hold on to their leaves all winter. This can help protect their branches from hungry animals. Conifer(针叶树) trees likewise keep their needles year-round. Needles can bear the cold more easily than leaves do. So it costs conifers less energy to hang on to their needles than to remove and regrow them yearly. Have a close look at the trees outside your own window when the leaves change in autumn and fall to the ground. By collecting data on your local biodiversity(生物多样性), you can contribute to citizen science projects. Plus, spending time with nature can cheer you up — something many of us need as the days grow darker and colder. 8. What contributes to the leaves of some trees changing colors in autumn? A. Insects eating up the green pigment in leaves. B. The sunlight being not strong enough in autumn. C. Trees needing more energy to make new green pigments. D. Chlorophyll in leaves disappearing and other pigments appearing. 9. What is the advantage for trees to remove leaves in winter? A. It can help trees take in more sunlight easily. B. It can make trees grow new leaves quickly in spring. C. It can protect trees’ branches from being eaten by animals. D. It can help trees keep water and reduce stress from strong winds. 10. What can we learn about conifer trees from the passage? A. They lose their needles every autumn like other trees. B. Their needles are not able to stand cold winter weather. C. They keep their needles all year round for energy saving. D. They need to consume more energy to keep needles than regrow them. 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. We can only enjoy the beauty of autumn leaves by watching them. B. Getting close to nature is helpful for our mental health in autumn. C. The days in autumn are bright and warm for people to go out. D. Citizen science projects only need data about autumn leaves. Passage 4 (2025-2026学年湖南沅澧共同体高一上学期期末英语试题)Flowers have a longstanding tradition as a means of emotional expression. When we wish to convey our affection, joy or comfort, and words won’t work, we rely on their beauty. One of the most prominent examples of floriography(花语) is King Charles’s choice of funeral wreath for his mother, the late Queen. He expressed his sense of loss through his choice of blooms: Myrtle for love and prosperity, paired with English oak to represent strength. How floriography influences our decisions has enabled florists to make some fascinating observations. For one, they have recorded that 29% of people select their blooms based on bouquet colors, with red being the most popular choice. Red, the color of passion is universally recognized as an expression of love. Pink, however, has various meanings depending on where you live: In Thailand it’s symbolic of trust, while in Japan it’s believed to be a symbol of good health. Yet this only begins to scratch the surface of floriography. Take the sweet pea, a summertime flower that comes in diverse colors, but its meaning remains the same: as a token of thanks. In the Victorian era, sweet peas were the go-to gift when thanking a host for a wonderful time, a gratitude that could be expressed even further by pairing it with other stems. If paired with zinnias, a flower that signifies everlasting friendship, your bouquet would help distinguish between casual acquaintance and dear friend. But like everything in this world, for a good there is a bad, with some flowers used to represent negative feelings towards the recipient. You might think yellow carnations are beautiful, but they have a long history of being a symbol for disdain(厌恶). Another flower also best to avoid is the buttercup, whose yellow petals stands for childishness. By welcoming the tradition of floriography back into wider culture, we can explore the depth of our emotions in unique ways. Take a look at our beloved emojis — we can talk without typing a single word. Send a heart here, a fire icon there — emojis speak through their aesthetics, a secret language all their own. Flowers are no different. They were merely the emojis of the 19th Century, still filtering through after all this time. 12. What does the underlined word “token” mean in the fourth paragraph? A. Symbol. B. Value. C. Souvenir. D. Style. 13. Which flower represents everlasting friendship? A. Sweet pea. B. Myrtle. C. Buttercup. D. Zinnia. 14. In which section of a magazine will you read this passage? A. Travel. B. Culture. C. Food. D. Science. 15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Flowers: Emojis of the 19th Century. B. Bouquet Colors: Not Just for Passion. C. Floriography: Blooms More than Pretty. D. Cultural Symbols: Beyond the Boundaries of Nations. Passage 5 (2025-2026学年湖北武汉市部分重点中学(六校)上学期期末考试高一英语试题)Scientists have shown how plants can protect themselves against genetic(基因的) damage caused by environmental stresses. The growing tips of plant roots and shoots have an in-built mechanism(机制) that leads to cell death if DNA damage is detected, avoiding passing on faulty DNA. Plants have small populations of stem cells(干细胞) at the tips of their roots and shoots, which enable them to continuously grow and produce new tissues throughout their lifetime. These stem cells serve as ancestors for plant tissues and organs. However, any genetic faults present in the stem cells will continue to exist and be passed on forever throughout the plant’s life, which could last thousands of years. Given the critical role of stem cells and their exposure to potentially dangerous environments at the growing tips of roots and shoots, safeguards are necessary to prevent stem cell faults from becoming fixed. Researchers Nick Fulcher and Robert Sablowski, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, aimed to uncover these protective mechanisms. Through experiments involving X-rays and chemicals, they discovered that stem cells were more sensitive to DNA damage compared to other cells. When DNA damage occurs, the cells have the capacity to detect it and cause programmed cells to die, preventing the propagation of the damaged genetic code to the rest of the plant tissues. This process has similarities to the safeguard mechanism found in animal cells, which has been broadly studied due to its relevance in preventing cancer. The identification of a similar protective system in plants is of great interest in the field of plant development. It also helps scientists develop plants that can better handle environmental stress. So knowledge of how plants deal with these stresses is of fundamental significance to agricultural science’s response to climate change. 16. How do plants stay genetically healthy? A. By removing the parts that carry genetic errors. B. By stopping the growth of all newly formed tissues. C. By fixing the cells that have received some damage. D. By protecting the roots from the outside dangers. 17. What does the word “propagation” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Spread. B. Repair. C. Change. D. Attack. 18. Why is the animal safeguard mechanism mentioned in the text? A. To find a better way to treat the human cancer. B. To prove a theory that was published years ago. C. To explain the common protective system in two groups. D. To show the differences between plants and animal cells. 19. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Plant study’s value to agriculture. B. Scientists’ plans for future research. C. How to respond to climate change? D. How to develop stress-tolerant plants? Passage 6 (2025-2026学年湖南衡阳上学期高一期末英语考试试卷)Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spikes(刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spikes than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar(毛毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger that sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine, the higher levels of which ultimately(最终) discourage the caterpillar. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly(多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom(毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future. 20. The holly plant has more spikes on the lower leaves because most animals ______. A. can get the lower leaves easily B. are not tall enough C. are not clever enough D. like the lower leaves only 21. To defend themselves, oak trees use ______ A. chemical means B. bitter chemicals C. physical means D. sandy materials 22. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar? A. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked. B. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means. C. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar. D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away. 23. How does the author explain the ways plants defend themselves? A. By listing numbers. B. By asking questions. C. By telling stories. D. By giving examples. Passage 7 (2025-2026学年河南新乡高一上学期期末考试英语试卷)Each year during autumn, many areas in the northern part of the globe are treated to an amazing natural view: The leaves on trees turn yellow, red and orange. A lot of factors contribute to this seasonal change, and the biggest one is daylight hours. As days grow shorter and we have less daylight in winter, trees begin to slow down and in the end stop the process of photosynthesis(光合作用). But far from dying, trees are just taking a rest to survive the cold months ahead. The bright colors we see come from anthocyanin(花青素) in the leaves. As the season changes and trees change their growth activities, anthocyanin is no longer hidden, making the leaves turn bright red or even dark purple — the colors that make autumn so special. However, some trees don’t change color or lose their leaves. These trees are called evergreen trees. They have developed a special ability that lets them keep performing photosynthesis all year round — though the process does slow down a lot in winter. This non-stop but much slower photosynthesis means evergreens don’t need to drop their leaves or change color to save energy. Good weather is also necessary for this color change. Enough rain before autumn, together with plenty of sunlight, creates the best conditions for leaves to show all their bright colors. Moreover, sudden temperature drops — like falling 30 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit in just a few days — can shock the trees. When this happens, trees may lose their leaves early, before they get the chance to change their typical autumn colors. By dropping their leaves, trees use much less energy in the cold months. This helps them save important energy to get through the hard winter and grow new leaves again the next spring. 24. What is the most important reason for the seasonal change of leaves? A. The increase of rainfall. B. The drop in daylight hours. C. The rise of temperatures. D. The change in local tree types. 25. What is a character of anthocyanin? A. It promotes photosynthesis. B. It stops leaves from falling down. C. It controls trees’ growth activities. D. It appears when photosynthesis slows down. 26. Why do some trees lose their leaves early when temperatures drop suddenly? A. To save energy for survival. B. To remove anthocyanin. C. To speed up photosynthesis. D. To get more sunlight for growth. 27. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Secret of Evergreen Trees Surviving Winter B. The Effects of Sudden Temperature Drops on Trees C. The Reasons Behind Autumn Leaves’ Changing Colors D. The Importance of Photosynthesis to the Color of Leaves Passage 8 (2025-2026学年江苏省泰州市全市大联考高一上学期期末英语试题)According to the recent research, plants in Europe photosynthesize(光合作用) more at the weekend, probably because there is less pollution in the air. Photosynthesis is how green plants use sunlight to make sugars from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, giving off oxygen in the process. With increasing air pollution from wildfires, dust and human activities in recent years, Iris Bloom at the Carnegie Institution for Science in California and her teammate’s wanted to see what effect air quality has on photosynthesis. The team researched satellite measurements of how much light was given out by the green chlorophyll(叶绿素) in the leaves of plants across Europe between 2021 and 2025. The finding goes with how much photosynthesis is occurring. By checking this with satellite air pollution data(数据) during the same period, the team discovered that photosynthesis rates increased when there were lower levels of aerosols, a type of pollution that includes dust as well as smoke from wildfires and human activities. These aerosols can prevent sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface, which can slow down or even stop plants’ photosynthesis. On the other hand, when there is less aerosol pollution in the atmosphere, more sunshine can reach the leaves of plants, says Iris. The team found that higher rates of photosynthesis occurred at weekends in 64 per cent of Europe. “There’s less traffic and industrial activities on the weekend,” says Iris. “But during the weekdays, the air is dirtier, so we see a strong weekly cycle.” The findings suggest that reducing aerosol levels, especially those from transport or industrial processes, could allow plants to collect and store more carbon. “Improving air quality is not only beneficial to people’s health, but also very good for ecosystem productivity and the overall health of our planet,” says Iris. 28. Why did the team do the research? A. To control the level of aerosols in the air. B. To reduce air pollution of human activities. C. To determine the amount of light produced by plants. D. To examine the influence of air quality on photosynthesis. 29. How did the team make the discovery? A. By observing plant growth. B. By studying historical records. C. By building computer models. D. By comparing measurement data. 30. What can be inferred about aerosol in Paragraph 4? A. It destroys leaves on plants. B. It becomes heavier at weekends. C. It blocks sunlight for photosynthesis. D. It improves the ability of photosynthesis. 31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To describe side effects of traffic. B. To seek ways of reducing pollution. C. To promote improvement of air quality. D. To introduce the function of photosynthesis. Passage 9 (2025-2026学年黑龙江省佳木斯市第八中学高一上学期1月期末英语试题)Have you ever seen snow? Many people in the world have not. Some countries never have snow, some have only a little on the tops of very high mountains. In the north of England, there is quite a lot of snow every winter, but in the south of England, there is usually little. When a student from a warm country comes to England in autumn for the first time, he feels cold at first. There are often dark clouds, grey sky and cold rain in England in autumn, and most students from warm countries do not like this. But snow is different. Though it is cold, it is also beautiful. Perhaps, after several dark mornings, the student wakes up one day, and there is a lot of light in his room. He thinks “Is it so late?” and jumps out of bed. But no, it is not very late. He looks out of the window and there is the snow on the ground and on the houses and everywhere. The light of his room comes from clean, beautiful snow. 32. In which part of England is there much snow in winter? A. In the east. B. In the south. C. In the west. D. In the north. 33. In the autumn of England, we can NOT often see ______. A. strong winds B. dark clouds C. grey sky D. cold rain 34. The writer thinks that in England both snow and autumn rain are ________. A. beautiful B. clean C. cold D. heavy 35. Which of the following statements (陈述) is right? A. Every country in the world has snow in winter. B. Many people in the world haven’t seen snow. C. It is often very warm in the autumn of England. D. Foreign students like the weather in England. Passage 10 (2025-2026学年福建三明市第一学期普通高中期末质量检测高一英语试题)Birds in the city stay up much later than those living in the countryside, according to research that stresses the effect of light pollution on wildlife. The study showed that light pollution caused birds to sing for an average of 50 minutes longer each day, with some species waking up an hour earlier and settling down for the night an hour later. “We were shocked by our findings,” said Dr Brent, an assistant professor at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. The study used recordings from BirdWeather, a citizen science project. It collects users’ recordings of birds in their local area to produce a global live library of birdsong and then allows users to identify birds in their gardens through AI tools. In total, the scientists studied 2.6 million observations of morning birds sound and 1.8 million of evening bird calls, for hundreds of species. The data was joined with light pollution measurements from global satellites. “BirdWeather made it possible to study bird behaviors over a large area and a long time,” said Dr Brent. The results showed that for birds in light-polluted areas, the waking day was lengthened by 50 minutes on average. Species with large eyes, relative to their body size, were most affected by man-made light. “The American robin, Northern mocking bird and European goldfinch all lengthened their day by more than average,” said Brent. “Small-eyed species such as sparrows weren’t affected as much.” The effect of a longer waking day for birds was not yet clear, the researchers said. “We know that sleep loss is not good for humans, but birds are different,” said Dr Brent. “They have developed interesting strategies to deal with loss of sleep during migratory(迁徙) periods.” The change messing up how animals naturally behave was worrying, Dr Brent added, although research showed, in some species, that man-made lighting may give them more time to look for food and find partners and improve the survival rate of baby birds. 36. How does light pollution affect birds? A. It shortens their waking day. B. It makes them sing louder. C. It changes their behavior. D. It damages their habitat. 37. Which part of the research does paragraph 2 focus on? A. Its process. B. Its value. C. Its application. D. Its limitation. 38. What kind of birds are affected most by light pollution? A. Small-eyed birds. B. Large-eyed birds. C. Birds in the city. D. Birds in the countryside. 39. What does Dr Brent think of the man-made lighting? A. It does more good than harm. B. It benefits all species. C. It has no effect on humans. D. It should attract attention. Passage 11 (2025-2026学年四川省达州市秋季学期高一年级教学质量监测英语试题)Olivier Chastel, a biologist, has spent 25 summers studying black-legged kittiwakes(三趾鸥) in Svalbard, Norway. His research examines how pollutants affect these Arctic seabirds. Working with Frederic Angelier, Chastel visits the kittiwake living place each year from mid-May to early July, where around 400 pairs of kittiwakes make their homes. The researchers use a small boat to reach the birds’ living area. They catch birds using a long stick for fishing with a soft rope, then fit them with rings to tell them apart. The team collects blood, feathers, and other parts to study in the laboratory. Since 2000, they have been monitoring 180 nests annually, recording which birds return, when they have babies, and how many eggs they lay. Chastel’s work has displayed serious problems. PFASs, chemicals found in everyday items like non-stick pans and clothes that keep out water, get into bird eggs and lower hatching(孵化) rates. These substances also affect hormones(荷尔蒙) and lower male birds’ ability to have babies. While some old pollutants like DDT have dropped, newer chemicals are increasing, creating an ongoing challenge. Pollutant levels in kittiwakes at first fell due to international laws, but since 2015 they have risen again. This increase is linked to warmer Atlantic waters moving into Arctic areas and bringing different fish species, new fishes with more pollutants than the birds’ traditional food fish. This turn in food shows how the Arctic ecosystem is changing. The landscape has changed dramatically too. Sea ice, once present in May, has not been seen since 2009. Despite these worrying tendencies, Chastel remains crazy about his work, finding joy in observing these beautiful birds and raising our understanding of environmental change in distant ecosystems. 40. What does Chastel’s study focus on? A. The living conditions of seabirds. B. The migration of black-legged birds. C. The process of catching Arctic seabirds. D. The impact of pollutants on Arctic seabirds. 41. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? A. The sources of PFASs in daily life. B. The big problems caused by PFASs. C. The methods used to discover pollutants. D. The differences between DDT and PFASs. 42. Why have pollutant levels in kittiwakes increased since 2015? A. Local industries have increased pollution. B. International rules have been taken away. C. Warmer waters have brought polluted fish. D. The birds have changed their migration ways. 43. What is Chastel’s attitude towards his work? A. Doubtful. B. Anxious. C. Enthusiastic. D. Satisfied. Passage 12 (2025-2026学年河北省唐山市高一上学期1月月考英语试题)You forget to bring your water bottle to the airport, so you buy a plastic one and keep refilling it. Or you order takeout for dinner and save the black plastic container to pack your lunch the next day. Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability. But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. Single-use plastics shed(释放) chemicals and microplastics into your environment. Though studies have not directly compared single-use and reusable plastic, experts say they are more worried about single-use plastics because of how they’re made. A single-use plastic water bottle sheds microplastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray(托盘) sheds these particles into your food. Chemical exposure increases if plastic is heated, typically in a microwave, a dishwasher or even by placing hot food in a takeout container. When heated, molecules(分子) move faster, meaning it could be easier for some of them to make its way into your food. The danger of heating your plastic also applies to reusable plastic, like baby bottles and plastic storage containers, according to Judith Enck, president of Beyond Plastics. Research found that black plastic in trays, and other objects contain high levels of flame retardants(延缓剂). These poisonous chemicals have been related to physical and mental problems. Concerns with chemicals and microplastics primarily apply to food, experts said, because you are swallowing them. Reusing single-use plastics like grocery bags is not a major concern, they added. The most important thing you should do is avoid heating your plastic. “A pretty hard-and-fast rule is to never microwave plastic,” Enck said. “And there’s also a recommendation not to put plastic into the dishwasher if it’s on a hot cycle.” If you order takeout, it’s best to transfer the food to a nonplastic dish as soon as possible, and you should use a plate when microwaving your food. 44. Why does the author list examples in the first paragraph? A. To lead in the topic. B. To prove the experts’ opinion. C. To analyse the reason. D. To introduce background information. 45. What can we learn from the research? A. Plastic bottles of good quality can be used. B. It is the chemicals in the materials that cause trouble. C. Heat makes little difference to takeout food. D. Reusable plastic is more dangerous than single-use plastic. 46. Which situation poses the biggest threat to human’s health? A. Heating fast food in a glass bowl. B. Packing cold drink with single-use plastics C. Filling the grocery bag with meat. D. Ordering hot soup contained in a plastic bag. 47. What is a suitable title for the text? A. How to Correctly Use Single-use Plastics B. Reusing Single-use Plastics Is Harmful C. Stop Using Single-use Plastics D. The Shocking Fact of Single-use Plastics Passage 13 (2025~2026学年度重庆市渝中区重庆第三十中学校第一学期高一年级第三次月考英语试题)In the animal kingdom, killer whales(虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in varied family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds. Some ocean animals maintain social structures — including male dolphins that learn the “names” of their close allies(盟友). But there is little data about wild killer whales. That’s where drone(无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales. The researchers recorded over 800 instances of physical contact between individuals. Those included hugs, back-to-back and nose-to-nose touches between pairs of whales. Other whales playfully threw young whales into the air, letting them fall into the water. Besides, the drone images revealed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one “best friend” of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,” Weiss says. The young led most of these interactions, rather than the older females or males. Older males in particular were less important. “The young individuals really seem to be the glue(胶水) holding the groups together,” Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual loss of “centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” to Stacey Tecot, who wasn’t involved in the study. “Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That’s certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss. 48. What does the underlined word “rival” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Prevent. B. Match. C. Prefer. D. Attack. 49. What is new about Weiss’ research? A. The research method. B. The variety of species. C. The size of the research team. D. The time spent on the research. 50. What did Weiss find about J49 and J51? A. They have a lasting friendship. B. Their interactions are more complicated. C. Their communicating ways change frequently. D. They prefer playing with young female whales. 51. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More researchers will take part in the study. B. Other scientists take a negative attitude to the research. C. Researchers will collect more data to study killer whales. D. Researchers will uncover the social aging trend in animals soon. Passage 14 (2025~2026学年度广东深圳市深圳中学第一学期期末考试高一英语试题)Bird viewers get nervous when they see landscapes covered in wind turbines(涡轮机). When the wind gets going, it is easy to imagine careless birds getting cut into pieces and wind turbines do indeed kill at least some birds. But a new analysis of American data suggests the numbers are negligible, and have little impact on bird populations. Erik Katovich, an economist at the University of Geneva, made use of the data from the Christmas Bird Count (CBC), a citizen-science project run by the National Audubon Society (NAS). Volunteers counted birds they spotted over Christmas, and the society gathered the numbers. He assumed, reasonably, that if wind turbines harmed bird populations, the numbers seen in the Christmas Bird Count would drop in places where new turbines had been built. Combining bird population and species maps with the locations and construction dates of all wind turbines, he found building turbines had no noticeable effect on bird populations. Instead of limiting his analysis to wind power alone, he also examined oil-and-gas extraction(开采), which increased sharply in America during those days. Comparing bird populations to the locations of new gas wells showed a 15% drop in bird numbers when new wells were drilled(钻探). It was probably because of a combination of noise, air pollution and the disturbance of rivers and ponds that many birds rely upon. When drilling happened in migration centers or feeding grounds, bird numbers instead dropped by 25%. Wind power, however, produced far less planet-heating carbon dioxide (CO2) than fossil fuels(化石燃料) did. It appeared to be significantly less damaging to wildlife, too. Yet that was not the impression you would get from reading the news. Dr Katovich found 173 stories in major American news media reporting the assumed negative effects that wind turbines had on birds in 2020, compared with only 46 stories discussing the effects of oil-and-gas wells. 52. What does the underlined word “negligible” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Insignificant. B. Inaccurate. C. Incorrect. D. Indefinite. 53. Why did Katovich make use of the data from the CBC? A. To prove wind turbines harm bird populations. B. To help the NAS with its citizen-science project. C. To count birds they spotted and gather the numbers. D. To find out if turbines greatly affect bird populations. 54. What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey? A. Bird populations declined in migration centers. B. Well drilling is a serious threat to bird populations. C. Birds are heavily dependent on rivers and ponds. D. Oil-and-gas extraction has expanded in America. 55. Which of the following might Dr Katovich agree with? A. Wind power causes no damage to birds. B. Wind power should be replaced by fossil fuels. C. Wind turbines could share the sky with wildlife. D. Wind turbines’ negative effects need more attention. Passage 15 (2025~2026学年度陕西宝鸡市陈仓区西城高级中学等三校联考第一学期期末质量检测高一英语试题)The milu deer, one of China’s most beloved animals, is also one of its strangest. How else could you describe a creature that has the face of a horse, the hoofs of a cow, the antlers of a red deer, and the tail of a donkey? The history of the species is nearly as strange as its body. The milu deer used to be common in China long ago. Like other deer, they lived together and ate grass as well as the soft parts of trees, such as small branches. However, milu deer were often hunted for food or sport in the past. The Ming and Qing dynasties did not protect them and many were killed. In 1900, the milu deer disappeared from China. However, before all the deer were killed in China, some were taken to Europe. The Duke of Bedford from Britain collected all the milu deer from Europe and put them in his deer park. The deer liked the cool, wet weather in England, and their numbers increased year by year. In 1985, 20 milu deer were reintroduced from Britain to China and placed in the Beijing Nanhaizi MiluPark in southern Beijing. The next year another herd of 39 arrived from the UK to the Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province. The milu deer certainly seemed happy to be back in China because their numbers started to grow steadily. There were soon so many of them that 64 milu deer were sent to a newly opened reserve in Shishou, Hubei Province from Beijing in the 1990s. They can move freely in the reserve, feed entirely on wild plants, and continue to safely thrive. At the moment, the milu deer are still living in reserves where they are being protected and cared for. As a result, their population is now recovering fast. Soon a new chapter will be added to the strange tale of these special animals. The deer are being trained to survive outside the park so that they can one day all return to the wild. The rescue of the milu deer is already a success story. Now it is up to us to make sure that the deer live happily ever after. 56. What makes the milu deer a strange creature according to the passage? A. It has the face of a cow, the hoofs of a horse, the antlers of a donkey, and the tail of a red deer. B. It has the face of a horse, the hoofs of a cow, the antlers of a red deer, and the tail of a donkey. C. It has the face of a donkey, the hoofs of a red deer, the antlers of a cow, and the tail of a horse. D. It has the face of a red deer, the hoofs of a donkey, the antlers of a horse, and the tail of a cow. 57. Why did the milu deer disappear from China in 1900? A. They couldn’t adapt to the climate change in China. B. All of them were taken to Europe by the Duke of Bedford. C. They were hunted for food or sport and not protected by the Ming and Qing dynasties. D. They didn’t have enough food to survive in the wild. 58. When were 20 milu deer reintroduced from Britain to China? A. In 1900 B. In 1986 C. In the 1990s D. In 1985 59. What is the current situation of the milu deer in China? A. They are still in reserves, being protected and their population is recovering fast. B. They have all returned to the wild and live freely. C. Their numbers are decreasing because of lack of food in reserves. D. They are only kept in the Beijing Nanhaizi Milu Park. 阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年广东广州市第二中学第一学期期末考试高一英语试题) The evolutionary Choice and Survival Crisis of African Elephants The world’s African elephants are in serious danger. 1 And if we do nothing to put an end to the illegal ivory trade, elephants will be extinct from the wild within the next 20 years. Many believe that an illegal hunter could get ivory without killing the elephant — this is not true. 2 And the rest lies beneath the surface like an iceberg in water. The tusk(象牙) is not just bone but rather it is alive, filled with nerves and blood vessels(血管) and when broken off, the tusks would likely become infected and lead to a slow and painful death. However, there is a new form of hope rising from nature itself. African elephants are being born without the tusks that illegal hunters have hunted for decades. But why is the largest land mammal on earth now being born tuskless? 3 Is such change beneficial to elephants’ survival in the long term? As we know, elephant tusks are not just glorious-looking. 4 Therefore scientists are working to track the newly tuskless among them, to see how this unfortunate adaptation affects the species. Ivory hunters are not the only danger faced by elephants today. And more support is needed than ever to create a safe world where elephants can live together with humans happily, tusks and all. 5 A. Action should be taken to protect animals in the world. B. Only two-thirds of an elephant’s tusks stick out of their mouth. C. They also have important uses such as self-defense and digging. D. It is estimated that one is killed every 15 minutes for their ivory tusks. E. That’s because elephants without tusks have a better chance of surviving. F. After centuries of being hunted by humans, many African elephants are tuskless. G. And it’s in our power to make this happen by cutting demand and raising awareness. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年四川成都市金牛区实外高级中学高一上学期期末学情测试英语试题)Summer heat doesn’t play favorites(偏袒) — not even with lions, elephants, or pandas. When the temperature rises too high, zookeepers become expert cool-down artists. 6 Polar bears Polar bears love staying cool. 7 These ice baths mirror polar bears’ natural environment, offering not only a cool escape from heat but also a playful activity. Elephants Elephants are known for their love of mud. At zoos, these huge animals enjoy wallowing in large mud pools for two simple reasons: the mud cools their skin and provides natural sunscreen against the sun. 8 The sight of elephants playfully throwing mud onto each other is not only interesting but also educational. Primates (灵长类动物) 9 These icy snacks not only help cool primates down, but also provide a test of their intelligence, as they need to find out how to extract(取出) the fruits. These frozen fruits are designed to mirror the challenges primates face in the wild when looking for food. Big cats During hot summer days, tigers and lions love to rest in shady(阴凉的) areas. These shady areas protect the big cats from the hot sun, giving them a perfect place to nap or relax. 10 This helps keep them healthy, happy, and stress-free—just as they would be in the wild. A. Primates need a break from the heat. B. Elephant mud baths are also a social event. C. So, zoos often provide them with ice baths. D. Frozen fruits are a pleasant summer surprise. E. Therefore, zoo animals are much luckier than wild ones. F. Zoos design these spaces carefully to mirror their natural homes. G. Here’s how zoos keep their animals cool and happy creatively all summer long. Passage 3 (2025-2026学年广东深圳市深圳中学第一学期期末考试高一英语试题) A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 11 But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ● 12 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer materials. 13 However, there are a number of other reasons, one of which may come from our earliest years. ● Recall (回忆) your childhood memories. Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 14 — how being in those gardens makes us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 15 Then work out a plan to translate your notes of childhood experiences into your grown-up garden. A right garden shaped by memory goes beyond design. It becomes a quiet heaven where roots hold more than soil. May you enjoy yourself and have fun. A. Get to know why you garden. B. Find a good place for your own garden. C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters. D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers. E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants. F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too. G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have. Passage 4 (2025-2026学年河南三门峡市上学期期末检测高一英语试题)Shinrin-you, or forest bathing, is a unique Japanese practice emerging in the 1980s. It invites people to immerse themselves in forest energy and calm, seeking reflection, positive energy and renewed wellness. 16 The concept was developed by Japan’s Forest Agency in 1982 with two goals: relieving high-stress lifestyles from the technological revolution and encouraging reconnection with nature. Unlike intense outdoor activities, forest bathing is low-impact. 17 It emphasizes being present, focusing on surroundings and embracing woodlands’ natural order instead of altering them. Many mistake it for long hikes or intense physical activity, but it is actually about slowing down. The practice is surprisingly simple. 18 Whether alone or on a guided tour, participants walk quietly in forests, concentrating on the world around them without distractions. Even sitting under a tree and breathing deeply counts as forest bathing. 19 Studies show that forest time lowers cortisol(皮质醇) levels and boosts the activity of natural killer cells, which help fight off illness. Mentally, it clears brain fog and reduces anxiety, offering a rare break from digital overload. You don’t need to travel far for forest bathing, even in or near Tokyo. 20 These spots offer accessible escapes from the hustle and bustle of city life, letting urban dwellers experience nature’s healing power without long trips. From Iiyama’s beach forests to Meiji Shrine, forest bathing helps people step away from daily pressures and reconnect with nature meaningfully. It reminds us that wellness is simple — it lies in quiet, tree-filled spaces. A. This calm practice has a thoughtful origin story. B. Its core is mindfulness, not speed or achievement. C. Leave digital devices aside to fully engage with nature. D. Forest bathing has grown globally popular in recent years. E. The idea behind forest bathing arose from improving public health. F. Meiji Shrine and the Institute for Nature Study are perfect examples. G. It’s not just leisure — forest bathing benefits physical and mental health. Passage 5 (2025-2026学年云南会泽县第一中学上学期期末考试高一年级英语试题)Shanghai, known for its towering skyscrapers and busy streets, might seem an unlikely place for beekeeping. Yet, Marco Sentinelli, an Italian businessman, is determined to make it happen. Marco’s relationship with bees stretches back to his days in Italy two decades ago. When the fruit trees he planted were not producing anything, he realized the absence of bees was to blame. He then began to study beekeeping. 21 Upon moving to Shanghai seven years ago, Marco initially thought his beekeeping days were over. 22 Before long, the local government came to ask him to help with pollination(授粉) services, and some of his friends also brought their children to get up close with bees. In 2024, Marco launched a non-profit organization called “Urban Bees Shanghai,” which trains volunteers to manage beehives(蜂巢) in communities across the city. 23 It has attracted about 2,000 followers, many of them young people who want to do beekeeping purely out of interest. 24 The reasons lie in the rapid expansion of cities and the public’s lack of awareness of the importance of bees. Additionally, since many people fear bees, their nests are often mistaken for wasp(黄蜂) nests and completely removed. To help more people learn about bees, Marco is advocating for responsible beekeeping within the city. He has already taken the initiative to educate local fire stations on safe bee removal, in the hope of saving local hives. 25 Marco envisions a greener, more biodiverse Shanghai. “If you place beehives on a farm, you can harvest 10 to 20 times more crops,” he said. “If we extend this into our city, we can only imagine how many more flowers and plants we can have.” A. So far, he has rescued six or seven hives. B. Soon, he was drawn by this fascinating hobby. C. It’s important to draw young people to the beehives. D. The organization now manages 20 beehives across the city. E. Its population is reducing sharply because of our fear of them. F. However, in 2023, he felt the pull to return to his beloved hobby. G. Urban beekeeping is also facing great challenges, according to Marco. ( 19 / 19 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 单元话题---环境保护 (阅读理解15篇+阅读理解七选五5篇) 01 主题介绍 02 高考模拟演练 03 阅读理解专练 本单元的主题语境是人与自然，话题是环境与环境保护，涉及的语篇类型有歌曲、纪录片脚本、电视访谈节目脚本、新闻报道、视频等。本单元的教学旨在帮助学生认识环境保护的重要性，培养学生的环保意识。在本单元学习中，充分认识亚马逊雨林、生物多样性对地球的重要作用，了解动物保护的意义和保护动物的方式方法，正视经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾，思考二者之间的关系。阅读让学生认识环境保护的重要性，培养人与自然和谐共生的意识;语篇阅读，训练学生的阅读策略. 我们在阅读过程中归纳段落大意、分析长难句、猜测词义等；总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度；关注语篇主题语境与相关话题，认识到环境保护的重要性，培养人与自然和谐共生的意识。 (2025新高考I卷D)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte - Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte - Lindsay's suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 32.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. ”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 33.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. ”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 34.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. ”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 35.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.””可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 阅读理解 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年山东省淄博市临淄区淄博第七中学高一上学期1月月考)As a student or teacher, you can subscribe (订阅) to all the magazines, taking advantage of the low rates with savings of up to 29% available to students, teachers and schools. These rates are open to students and teachers at secondary level plus anyone studying for professional qualifications or engaged in continuing education programs. The offers are also available to all schools at the same levels. Magazines that we and our customers like Magazine Our Price Saving Good Food £ 49.00 Save 20% BBC Wildlife £ 50.99 Save 29% Gardeners World £ 58.00 Save 14% The Economist £ 126.20 Save 28% BBC Wildlife Subscription Your guide to the natural world, showing the wonder and beauty of wildlife and helping you to experience and enjoy nature more. Packed full of breathtaking images, informative features, British wildlife, practical advice and much more, this is a must-read for everyone with a passion for the natural world. If you like feeding the birds in your garden, spotting wildlife in the British countryside, then it’s the magazine for you! Experience the wonder and beauty of nature through the inspirational images of the world’s finest wildlife photographers and enjoy fascinating features on the animals and the world around us. Plus, all of our practical advice, expert tips and ideas for great days out will help you to understand, experience and enjoy nature more. Already have a subscription to BBC Wildlife? Click the RENEW button to go to our easy Renewal Process. 1. What makes BBC Wildlife worth reading? A. Current events on wildlife protection. B. Practical advice for gardening enthusiasts. C. Features on wildlife and useful tips. D. Photos of wildlife around the world. 2. What is the original price of Good Food? A. £ 49.00. B. £ 61.25. C. £ 58.8. D. £ 39.2. 3. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A report. B. A paper. C. A brochure. D. A website. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了订阅各种杂志的优惠价格，并详细介绍了订阅BBC Wildlife的好处。 1. 细节理解题。根据BBC Wildlife Subscription中“Packed full of breathtaking images, informative features, British wildlife, practical advice and much more, this is a must-read for everyone with a passion for the natural world.(充满了令人惊叹的图片，内容丰富的特征，英国野生动物，实用的建议等等，这是每个对自然世界充满热情的人必读的杂志。)”可知，野生动物的特征和实用的建议使BBC Wildlife值得一读。故选C项。2. 细节理解题。根据Magazines that we and our customers like中“Good Food Our Price: £ 49.00; Saving: Save 20%(Good Food我们的价格：£49.00；节省：节省20%)”可知，Good Food的原价是：£49.00÷(1－20%)=£ 61.25。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Click the RENEW button to go to our easy Renewal Process.(单击续订按钮进入我们的简易续订流程。)”可知，这篇文章来自一个网站。故选D项。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年杭州高级中学临平学校上学期期末考试高一英语试题)“A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations. Plants produce a high frequency(频率) clicking sound, and when lack of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study. Focusing particularly on tomatoes, wheat and corn, the plants were placed in a soundproof (隔音的) room and recorded by microphones. Some plants were short of water, others cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used an algorithm(算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants. Generally speaking, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20 kHz, while the sounds produced by plants are about 40-80 kHz, far beyond our hearing. “The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these creatures use this information to choose which plants to eat. A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them. 4. What can we know from the six-year experiment? A. Plants produce more regular sound in certain stressful situations. B. Plants of different types make the sound of the same frequency. C. Plants make sounds with a much lower frequency when stressed. D. Plants make the sound of the same frequency whatever the situation. 5. What is the algorithm used for in the research? A. To record the sounds. B. To identify the sounds. C. To produce the sounds. D. To control the sounds. 6. What has been proven by scientists according to the passage? A. Plants can hear each other’s cry for help. B. Animals can hear the sounds made by plants. C. Animals decide what to eat based on the sounds plants make. D. Plants can make sounds and respond to sound waves. 7. Which of the following is the best title of the text? A. Sounds That We Can’t Hear B. Beautiful Songs from Plants C. Plants React to Different Types of Stress D. Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过实验发现植物在缺水或受伤等压力状态下会发出特定高频声音，且能对声波做出反应，这些声音人类无法直接听到。 4. 细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.(特拉维夫大学的科学家进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物在某些压力环境下会发出声音)” 及第二段“Plants produce a high frequency(频率) clicking sound, and when lack of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular.(植物会发出高频的咔嗒声，当缺水或受损时，这种咔嗒声会变得更加规律)”可知，实验表明植物在特定压力环境下会发出更规律的声音，故选A。 5. 细节理解题。根据原文第三段“The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut.(研究人员使用一种算法来分离这些噪音，成功地根据植物是缺水还是被切割来区分不同的声音)”可知，该算法被用于识别植物发出的不同声音，故选B。 6. 细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.(特拉维夫大学的科学家进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物在某些压力环境下会发出声音)”以及最后一段“A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield.(多年前由中国农业大学的Reda Hassanien主导的一项研究也证明，植物会对声波做出反应，一些植物的产量大幅提高)”可知，科学家已证明植物能发出声音并对声波做出反应，故选D。 7. 主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.(特拉维夫大学的科学家进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物在某些压力环境下会发出声音)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了科学家通过实验发现植物在缺水或受伤等压力状态下会发出特定高频声音，且能对声波做出反应。故文章核心是介绍植物尤其是在压力状态下会发出声音，所以“Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed(植物会说话，尤其是在有压力的时候)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 Passage 3 (2025-2026学年安徽宣城市第一学期期末检测高一英语试题)In many parts of the world, autumn brings cooler weather and a beautiful change — leaves on some trees turn from green to bright shades of yellow, orange, and red. But those colors are short-lived before leaves fall off their trees. Have you ever wondered why this happens? It’s all part of how the plants prepare for winter. Trees spend much of the year turning sunshine into food through photosynthesis(光合作用). This process relies on a green pigment(色素) in leaves called chlorophyll(叶绿素). But as autumn approaches, days get shorter and nights get colder. Plants can no longer make enough chlorophyll to keep their leaves green. Instead, they break down chlorophyll into smaller parts and then take them in. This saves energy because plants don’t have to make chlorophyll from the very beginning when spring comes. When chlorophyll dies away, other pigments in the leaves start to show. These pigments not only create beautiful colors but also protect leaves from being eaten by insects or damaged by sunlight. At the same time, these trees stop putting effort into holding on to their leaves. Getting rid of their leaves can help trees keep water in their bodies over winter. It also allows strong winds to blow more easily through trees’ branches, putting less stress on them. However, not all trees let go of their autumn leaves so easily. For example, some willows(柳树) may hold on to their leaves all winter. This can help protect their branches from hungry animals. Conifer(针叶树) trees likewise keep their needles year-round. Needles can bear the cold more easily than leaves do. So it costs conifers less energy to hang on to their needles than to remove and regrow them yearly. Have a close look at the trees outside your own window when the leaves change in autumn and fall to the ground. By collecting data on your local biodiversity(生物多样性), you can contribute to citizen science projects. Plus, spending time with nature can cheer you up — something many of us need as the days grow darker and colder. 8. What contributes to the leaves of some trees changing colors in autumn? A. Insects eating up the green pigment in leaves. B. The sunlight being not strong enough in autumn. C. Trees needing more energy to make new green pigments. D. Chlorophyll in leaves disappearing and other pigments appearing. 9. What is the advantage for trees to remove leaves in winter? A. It can help trees take in more sunlight easily. B. It can make trees grow new leaves quickly in spring. C. It can protect trees’ branches from being eaten by animals. D. It can help trees keep water and reduce stress from strong winds. 10. What can we learn about conifer trees from the passage? A. They lose their needles every autumn like other trees. B. Their needles are not able to stand cold winter weather. C. They keep their needles all year round for energy saving. D. They need to consume more energy to keep needles than regrow them. 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. We can only enjoy the beauty of autumn leaves by watching them. B. Getting close to nature is helpful for our mental health in autumn. C. The days in autumn are bright and warm for people to go out. D. Citizen science projects only need data about autumn leaves. 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了秋天树叶变色是因为叶绿素分解、其他色素显现。树木落叶是为了保水、减少风压。不同树木过冬方式不同，亲近秋日自然还能改善心情。 8. 细节理解题。根据第二段“When chlorophyll dies away, other pigments in the leaves start to show.(当叶绿素逐渐消失后，叶子中的其他色素便会开始显现出来)”可知，树叶中的叶绿素消失，而其他色素显现出来导致一些树木的叶子在秋天会变色。故选D。 9. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Getting rid of their leaves can help trees keep water in their bodies over winter. It also allows strong winds to blow more easily through trees’ branches, putting less stress on them.(掉树叶有助于树木在冬季保存体内水分。此外，这还能让强风更顺畅地穿过树枝，从而减轻树木的压力)”可知，树木在冬季落叶可以有助于树木保持水分，并减轻强风带来的压力。故选D。 10. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Needles can bear the cold more easily than leaves do. So it costs conifers less 、energy to hang on to their needles than to remove and regrow them yearly.(针叶植物的针叶比叶子更能耐受寒冷。因此，针叶植物保存针叶所需的能量要少于每年脱落并重新长出针叶所消耗的能量)”可知，针叶树全年都保持针叶状态，以实现节能。故选C。 11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Plus, spending time with nature can cheer you up — something many of us need as the days grow darker and colder.(此外，与大自然接触能让你心情愉悦——在天气渐趋阴冷的日子里，这一点对我们来说尤为重要)”可推知，在秋天亲近大自然对我们的心理健康有益。故选B。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年湖南沅澧共同体高一上学期期末英语试题)Flowers have a longstanding tradition as a means of emotional expression. When we wish to convey our affection, joy or comfort, and words won’t work, we rely on their beauty. One of the most prominent examples of floriography(花语) is King Charles’s choice of funeral wreath for his mother, the late Queen. He expressed his sense of loss through his choice of blooms: Myrtle for love and prosperity, paired with English oak to represent strength. How floriography influences our decisions has enabled florists to make some fascinating observations. For one, they have recorded that 29% of people select their blooms based on bouquet colors, with red being the most popular choice. Red, the color of passion is universally recognized as an expression of love. Pink, however, has various meanings depending on where you live: In Thailand it’s symbolic of trust, while in Japan it’s believed to be a symbol of good health. Yet this only begins to scratch the surface of floriography. Take the sweet pea, a summertime flower that comes in diverse colors, but its meaning remains the same: as a token of thanks. In the Victorian era, sweet peas were the go-to gift when thanking a host for a wonderful time, a gratitude that could be expressed even further by pairing it with other stems. If paired with zinnias, a flower that signifies everlasting friendship, your bouquet would help distinguish between casual acquaintance and dear friend. But like everything in this world, for a good there is a bad, with some flowers used to represent negative feelings towards the recipient. You might think yellow carnations are beautiful, but they have a long history of being a symbol for disdain(厌恶). Another flower also best to avoid is the buttercup, whose yellow petals stands for childishness. By welcoming the tradition of floriography back into wider culture, we can explore the depth of our emotions in unique ways. Take a look at our beloved emojis — we can talk without typing a single word. Send a heart here, a fire icon there — emojis speak through their aesthetics, a secret language all their own. Flowers are no different. They were merely the emojis of the 19th Century, still filtering through after all this time. 12. What does the underlined word “token” mean in the fourth paragraph? A. Symbol. B. Value. C. Souvenir. D. Style. 13. Which flower represents everlasting friendship? A. Sweet pea. B. Myrtle. C. Buttercup. D. Zinnia. 14. In which section of a magazine will you read this passage? A. Travel. B. Culture. C. Food. D. Science. 15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Flowers: Emojis of the 19th Century. B. Bouquet Colors: Not Just for Passion. C. Floriography: Blooms More than Pretty. D. Cultural Symbols: Beyond the Boundaries of Nations. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了花语作为一种情感表达的传统，以及不同花卉所代表的不同含义。 12. 词句猜测题。根据下文“In the Victorian era, sweet peas were the go-to gift when thanking a host for a wonderful time, a gratitude that could be expressed even further by pairing it with other stems.(在维多利亚时代，香豌豆是向款待自己的主人表达谢意的首选赠花；若想更充分地表达感激之情，还可将其与其他花茎搭配赠送。)”可知，香豌豆是作为感谢的象征，由此可知，token意为“象征”。故选A。 13. 细节理解题。根据第四段“If paired with zinnias, a flower that signifies everlasting friendship, your bouquet would help distinguish between casual acquaintance and dear friend.(如果与象征永恒友谊的百日菊搭配，你的花束将有助于区分普通熟人和亲爱的朋友。)”可知，百日菊代表永恒的友谊。故选D。 14. 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了花语作为一种情感表达的传统，以及不同花卉所代表的不同含义，这属于文化范畴，因此，这篇文章最有可能出现在杂志的“文化”部分。故选B。 15. 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了花语作为一种情感表达的传统，以及不同花卉所代表的不同含义，这表明花不仅仅是美丽，它们还承载着丰富的情感和文化意义，因此，选项C“花语：花不仅仅是美丽”最能概括文章的主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 Passage 5 (2025-2026学年湖北武汉市部分重点中学(六校)上学期期末考试高一英语试题)Scientists have shown how plants can protect themselves against genetic(基因的) damage caused by environmental stresses. The growing tips of plant roots and shoots have an in-built mechanism(机制) that leads to cell death if DNA damage is detected, avoiding passing on faulty DNA. Plants have small populations of stem cells(干细胞) at the tips of their roots and shoots, which enable them to continuously grow and produce new tissues throughout their lifetime. These stem cells serve as ancestors for plant tissues and organs. However, any genetic faults present in the stem cells will continue to exist and be passed on forever throughout the plant’s life, which could last thousands of years. Given the critical role of stem cells and their exposure to potentially dangerous environments at the growing tips of roots and shoots, safeguards are necessary to prevent stem cell faults from becoming fixed. Researchers Nick Fulcher and Robert Sablowski, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, aimed to uncover these protective mechanisms. Through experiments involving X-rays and chemicals, they discovered that stem cells were more sensitive to DNA damage compared to other cells. When DNA damage occurs, the cells have the capacity to detect it and cause programmed cells to die, preventing the propagation of the damaged genetic code to the rest of the plant tissues. This process has similarities to the safeguard mechanism found in animal cells, which has been broadly studied due to its relevance in preventing cancer. The identification of a similar protective system in plants is of great interest in the field of plant development. It also helps scientists develop plants that can better handle environmental stress. So knowledge of how plants deal with these stresses is of fundamental significance to agricultural science’s response to climate change. 16. How do plants stay genetically healthy? A. By removing the parts that carry genetic errors. B. By stopping the growth of all newly formed tissues. C. By fixing the cells that have received some damage. D. By protecting the roots from the outside dangers. 17. What does the word “propagation” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Spread. B. Repair. C. Change. D. Attack. 18. Why is the animal safeguard mechanism mentioned in the text? A. To find a better way to treat the human cancer. B. To prove a theory that was published years ago. C. To explain the common protective system in two groups. D. To show the differences between plants and animal cells. 19. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Plant study’s value to agriculture. B. Scientists’ plans for future research. C. How to respond to climate change? D. How to develop stress-tolerant plants? 【答案】16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现植物根茎尖干细胞有 DNA 损伤保护机制，受损细胞会程序性死亡防错误基因传递，该研究对农业应对气候变化意义重大。 16. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The growing tips of plant roots and shoots have an in-built mechanism (机制) that leads to cell death if DNA damage is detected, avoiding passing on faulty DNA.(植物根部和茎部的生长尖端有一种内在机制，如果检测到DNA损伤，就会导致细胞死亡，从而避免将有缺陷的DNA传递下去)”可知，植物通过去除那些带有基因错误的部分保持基因健康。故选A。 17. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When DNA damage occurs, the cells have the capacity to detect it and cause programmed cells to die(当DNA受损时，细胞能够察觉到这一情况，并促使细胞进行自我毁灭)”以及后文“the damaged genetic code to the rest of the plant tissues(受损的遗传信息传播到植物的其他组织中)”可知，细胞能够察觉到DNA受损这一情况，从而阻止受损的遗传信息传播到植物的其他组织中。故划线词意思是“传播”。故选A。 18. 推理判断题。根据第三段“This process has similarities to the safeguard mechanism found in animal cells, which has been broadly studied due to its relevance in preventing cancer.(这一过程与动物细胞中的保护机制有相似之处，这种机制由于在预防癌症方面具有重要性而受到了广泛研究)”可知，提及动物保护机制旨在解释两个群体中常见的保护体系。故选C。 19. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The identification of a similar protective system in plants is of great interest in the field of plant development. It also helps scientists develop plants that can better handle environmental stress. So knowledge of how plants deal with these stresses is of fundamental significance to agricultural science’s response to climate change.(在植物中发现类似的保护机制在植物发育领域引起了极大的关注。这一发现还有助于科学家培育出更能应对环境压力的植物。因此，了解植物如何应对这些压力对于农业科学应对气候变化具有至关重要的意义)”可知，第4段主要讲的是植物研究对农业的价值。故选A。 Passage 6 (2025-2026学年湖南衡阳上学期高一期末英语考试试卷)Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spikes(刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spikes than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar(毛毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger that sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine, the higher levels of which ultimately(最终) discourage the caterpillar. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly(多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom(毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future. 20. The holly plant has more spikes on the lower leaves because most animals ______. A. can get the lower leaves easily B. are not tall enough C. are not clever enough D. like the lower leaves only 21. To defend themselves, oak trees use ______ A. chemical means B. bitter chemicals C. physical means D. sandy materials 22. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar? A. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked. B. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means. C. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar. D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away. 23. How does the author explain the ways plants defend themselves? A. By listing numbers. B. By asking questions. C. By telling stories. D. By giving examples. 【答案】20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了植物如何通过物理和化学手段来保护自己免受动物的攻击。 20. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Holly leaves on lower branches have more spikes than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. (冬青下枝的叶子比上枝的叶子有更多的刺。这是因为较低的叶子对大多数动物来说更容易够到)”可知，冬青下枝的叶子比上枝的叶子有更多的刺，是因为较低的叶子对大多数动物来说更容易够到。故选A。 21. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. (有些植物，如橡树，有又厚又硬的叶子，动物吃起来很难)”可知，橡树通过物理手段保护自己。故选C。 22. 细节理解题。根据第四段“When a caterpillar (毛毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger that sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine, the higher levels of which ultimately (最终) discourage the caterpillar. (当毛毛虫咬烟草叶时，叶子会产生一种化学信使，向根部发送信息，使其产生更多的尼古丁，最终高浓度的尼古丁会阻止毛毛虫)”可知，当毛毛虫咬烟草叶时，叶子会产生一种化学信使，向根部发送信息，使其产生更多的尼古丁，最终高浓度的尼古丁会阻止毛毛虫。故选A。 23. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spikes (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. (有些植物有自己驱赶动物的方法。例如，冬青植物的叶子有锋利的刺，可以阻止食草动物)”、第三段“Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. (有些植物，如橡树，有又厚又硬的叶子，动物吃起来很难)”和第四段“Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. (许多植物也有化学防御。有些植物会产生味道苦涩或引起不适反应的化学物质)”可知，作者通过举例子的方式解释植物保护自己的方式。故选D。 Passage 7 (2025-2026学年河南新乡高一上学期期末考试英语试卷)Each year during autumn, many areas in the northern part of the globe are treated to an amazing natural view: The leaves on trees turn yellow, red and orange. A lot of factors contribute to this seasonal change, and the biggest one is daylight hours. As days grow shorter and we have less daylight in winter, trees begin to slow down and in the end stop the process of photosynthesis(光合作用). But far from dying, trees are just taking a rest to survive the cold months ahead. The bright colors we see come from anthocyanin(花青素) in the leaves. As the season changes and trees change their growth activities, anthocyanin is no longer hidden, making the leaves turn bright red or even dark purple — the colors that make autumn so special. However, some trees don’t change color or lose their leaves. These trees are called evergreen trees. They have developed a special ability that lets them keep performing photosynthesis all year round — though the process does slow down a lot in winter. This non-stop but much slower photosynthesis means evergreens don’t need to drop their leaves or change color to save energy. Good weather is also necessary for this color change. Enough rain before autumn, together with plenty of sunlight, creates the best conditions for leaves to show all their bright colors. Moreover, sudden temperature drops — like falling 30 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit in just a few days — can shock the trees. When this happens, trees may lose their leaves early, before they get the chance to change their typical autumn colors. By dropping their leaves, trees use much less energy in the cold months. This helps them save important energy to get through the hard winter and grow new leaves again the next spring. 24. What is the most important reason for the seasonal change of leaves? A. The increase of rainfall. B. The drop in daylight hours. C. The rise of temperatures. D. The change in local tree types. 25. What is a character of anthocyanin? A. It promotes photosynthesis. B. It stops leaves from falling down. C. It controls trees’ growth activities. D. It appears when photosynthesis slows down. 26. Why do some trees lose their leaves early when temperatures drop suddenly? A. To save energy for survival. B. To remove anthocyanin. C. To speed up photosynthesis. D. To get more sunlight for growth. 27. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Secret of Evergreen Trees Surviving Winter B. The Effects of Sudden Temperature Drops on Trees C. The Reasons Behind Autumn Leaves’ Changing Colors D. The Importance of Photosynthesis to the Color of Leaves 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了秋天树叶变色的原因，包括日照时间、花青素、天气等因素的影响。 24. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A lot of factors contribute to this seasonal change, and the biggest one is daylight hours.(很多因素导致了这种季节性的变化，其中最大的因素是日照时间)”可知，树叶季节性变化的最重要原因是日照时间的减少。故选B。 25. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As days grow shorter and we have less daylight in winter, trees begin to slow down and in the end stop the process of photosynthesis (光合作用). (随着白天变短，冬季的日照时间减少，树木开始减缓并最终停止光合作用的过程)”和第三段中“The bright colors we see come from anthocyanin (花青素) in the leaves. As the season changes and trees change their growth activities, anthocyanin is no longer hidden, making the leaves turn bright red or even dark purple — the colors that make autumn so special.(我们看到的鲜艳的颜色来自于叶子中的花青素。随着季节的变化和树木生长活动的改变，花青素不再隐藏，使叶子变成鲜红色甚至深紫色——这些颜色使秋天如此特别)”以及可知，当光合作用减缓时，花青素出现，使叶子变色。故选D。 26. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Moreover, sudden temperature drops — like falling 30 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit in just a few days — can shock the trees. When this happens, trees may lose their leaves early, before they get the chance to change their typical autumn colors. By dropping their leaves, trees use much less energy in the cold months. This helps them save important energy to get through the hard winter and grow new leaves again the next spring.(此外，气温突然下降——比如在几天内下降30到50华氏度——可能会使树木受到冲击。当这种情况发生时，树木可能会在叶子有机会变成典型的秋色之前早早落叶。通过落叶，树木在寒冷的月份消耗的能量要少得多。这有助于它们节省重要的能量，以度过艰难的冬天，并在明年春天再次长出新叶)”可知，当气温突然下降时，一些树会早早落叶是为了节省能量以生存。故选A。 27. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Each year during autumn, many areas in the northern part of the globe are treated to an amazing natural view: The leaves on trees turn yellow, red and orange.(每年秋天，北半球的许多地区都会呈现出一幅令人惊叹的自然景象：树上的叶子变成黄色、红色和橙色)”可知，文章主要讲述了秋天树叶变色的原因，包括日照时间、花青素、天气等因素的影响。C选项“秋天树叶变色的原因”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 8 (2025-2026学年江苏省泰州市全市大联考高一上学期期末英语试题)According to the recent research, plants in Europe photosynthesize(光合作用) more at the weekend, probably because there is less pollution in the air. Photosynthesis is how green plants use sunlight to make sugars from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, giving off oxygen in the process. With increasing air pollution from wildfires, dust and human activities in recent years, Iris Bloom at the Carnegie Institution for Science in California and her teammate’s wanted to see what effect air quality has on photosynthesis. The team researched satellite measurements of how much light was given out by the green chlorophyll(叶绿素) in the leaves of plants across Europe between 2021 and 2025. The finding goes with how much photosynthesis is occurring. By checking this with satellite air pollution data(数据) during the same period, the team discovered that photosynthesis rates increased when there were lower levels of aerosols, a type of pollution that includes dust as well as smoke from wildfires and human activities. These aerosols can prevent sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface, which can slow down or even stop plants’ photosynthesis. On the other hand, when there is less aerosol pollution in the atmosphere, more sunshine can reach the leaves of plants, says Iris. The team found that higher rates of photosynthesis occurred at weekends in 64 per cent of Europe. “There’s less traffic and industrial activities on the weekend,” says Iris. “But during the weekdays, the air is dirtier, so we see a strong weekly cycle.” The findings suggest that reducing aerosol levels, especially those from transport or industrial processes, could allow plants to collect and store more carbon. “Improving air quality is not only beneficial to people’s health, but also very good for ecosystem productivity and the overall health of our planet,” says Iris. 28. Why did the team do the research? A. To control the level of aerosols in the air. B. To reduce air pollution of human activities. C. To determine the amount of light produced by plants. D. To examine the influence of air quality on photosynthesis. 29. How did the team make the discovery? A. By observing plant growth. B. By studying historical records. C. By building computer models. D. By comparing measurement data. 30. What can be inferred about aerosol in Paragraph 4? A. It destroys leaves on plants. B. It becomes heavier at weekends. C. It blocks sunlight for photosynthesis. D. It improves the ability of photosynthesis. 31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To describe side effects of traffic. B. To seek ways of reducing pollution. C. To promote improvement of air quality. D. To introduce the function of photosynthesis. 【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究团队通过对比数据发现空气质量对光合作用的影响。 28. 细节理解题。根据第二段“With increasing air pollution from wildfires, dust and human activities in recent years, Iris Bloom at the Carnegie Institution for Science in California and her teammate’s wanted to see what effect air quality has on photosynthesis.(近年来，由于野火、灰尘和人类活动造成的空气污染日益严重，加州卡内基科学研究所的艾里斯·布鲁姆和她的团队成员想看看空气质量对光合作用有什么影响。)”可知，团队做这项研究是为了检查空气质量对光合作用的影响。故选D。 29. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The team researched satellite measurements of how much light was given out by the green chlorophyll (叶绿素) in the leaves of plants across Europe between 2021 and 2025. The finding goes with how much photosynthesis is occurring.(该团队研究了2021年至2025年期间，欧洲各地植物叶片中绿色叶绿素发出的光量卫星测量数据。这一发现与光合作用发生的程度相符。)”以及第四段中“By checking this with satellite air pollution data (数据) during the same period, the team discovered that photosynthesis rates increased when there were lower levels of aerosols, a type of pollution that includes dust as well as smoke from wildfires and human activities.(研究团队将这些数据与同期的卫星空气污染数据进行比对后发现：当空气中的气溶胶浓度较低时，植物的光合作用速率会随之提升。)”可知，团队是通过对比测量数据做出这一发现的。故选D。 30. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“These aerosols can prevent sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface, which can slow down or even stop plants’ photosynthesis.(这些气溶胶可以阻止阳光到达地球表面，从而减缓甚至阻止植物的光合作用。)”可知，气溶胶会阻挡光合作用所需的阳光。故选C。 31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings suggest that reducing aerosol levels, especially those from transport or industrial processes, could allow plants to collect and store more carbon. “Improving air quality is not only beneficial to people’s health, but also very good for ecosystem productivity and the overall health of our planet,” says Iris.(研究结果表明，降低气溶胶水平，特别是来自交通或工业过程的气溶胶水平，可以让植物收集和储存更多的碳。艾里斯说：“改善空气质量不仅有益于人们的健康，而且对生态系统的生产力和我们星球的整体健康也非常有益。”)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是促进空气质量的改善。故选C。 Passage 9 (2025-2026学年黑龙江省佳木斯市第八中学高一上学期1月期末英语试题)Have you ever seen snow? Many people in the world have not. Some countries never have snow, some have only a little on the tops of very high mountains. In the north of England, there is quite a lot of snow every winter, but in the south of England, there is usually little. When a student from a warm country comes to England in autumn for the first time, he feels cold at first. There are often dark clouds, grey sky and cold rain in England in autumn, and most students from warm countries do not like this. But snow is different. Though it is cold, it is also beautiful. Perhaps, after several dark mornings, the student wakes up one day, and there is a lot of light in his room. He thinks “Is it so late?” and jumps out of bed. But no, it is not very late. He looks out of the window and there is the snow on the ground and on the houses and everywhere. The light of his room comes from clean, beautiful snow. 32. In which part of England is there much snow in winter? A. In the east. B. In the south. C. In the west. D. In the north. 33. In the autumn of England, we can NOT often see ______. A. strong winds B. dark clouds C. grey sky D. cold rain 34. The writer thinks that in England both snow and autumn rain are ________. A. beautiful B. clean C. cold D. heavy 35. Which of the following statements (陈述) is right? A. Every country in the world has snow in winter. B. Many people in the world haven’t seen snow. C. It is often very warm in the autumn of England. D. Foreign students like the weather in England. 【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国不同地区冬季降雪情况及来自温暖国家的学生对英国秋冬气候的感受。 32. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the north of England, there is quite a lot of snow every winter, but in the south of England, there is usually little.(在英格兰北部，每年冬天都会下很多雪，但在英格兰南部，通常很少下雪)”可知，英格兰北部冬天雪较多。故选D。 33. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are often dark clouds, grey sky and cold rain in England in autumn, and most students from warm countries do not like this.(英国的秋天经常乌云密布，天空灰暗，还下着冷雨，大多数来自温暖国家的学生都不喜欢这种天气)”可知，英国的秋天没有经常出现的是“强风”。故选A。 34. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are often dark clouds, grey sky and cold rain in England in autumn, and most students from warm countries do not like this.(英国的秋天经常乌云密布，天空灰暗，还下着冷雨，大多数来自温暖国家的学生都不喜欢这种天气)”和第三段中“Though it is cold, it is also beautiful.(虽然很冷，但也很美)”可知，作者认为英国的雪和秋雨的共同点是“寒冷”。故选C。 35. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Have you ever seen snow? Many people in the world have not.(你见过雪吗？世界上很多人都没有)”可知，世界上许多人没见过雪，B选项表述正确。故选B。 Passage 10 (2025-2026学年福建三明市第一学期普通高中期末质量检测高一英语试题)Birds in the city stay up much later than those living in the countryside, according to research that stresses the effect of light pollution on wildlife. The study showed that light pollution caused birds to sing for an average of 50 minutes longer each day, with some species waking up an hour earlier and settling down for the night an hour later. “We were shocked by our findings,” said Dr Brent, an assistant professor at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. The study used recordings from BirdWeather, a citizen science project. It collects users’ recordings of birds in their local area to produce a global live library of birdsong and then allows users to identify birds in their gardens through AI tools. In total, the scientists studied 2.6 million observations of morning birds sound and 1.8 million of evening bird calls, for hundreds of species. The data was joined with light pollution measurements from global satellites. “BirdWeather made it possible to study bird behaviors over a large area and a long time,” said Dr Brent. The results showed that for birds in light-polluted areas, the waking day was lengthened by 50 minutes on average. Species with large eyes, relative to their body size, were most affected by man-made light. “The American robin, Northern mocking bird and European goldfinch all lengthened their day by more than average,” said Brent. “Small-eyed species such as sparrows weren’t affected as much.” The effect of a longer waking day for birds was not yet clear, the researchers said. “We know that sleep loss is not good for humans, but birds are different,” said Dr Brent. “They have developed interesting strategies to deal with loss of sleep during migratory(迁徙) periods.” The change messing up how animals naturally behave was worrying, Dr Brent added, although research showed, in some species, that man-made lighting may give them more time to look for food and find partners and improve the survival rate of baby birds. 36. How does light pollution affect birds? A. It shortens their waking day. B. It makes them sing louder. C. It changes their behavior. D. It damages their habitat. 37. Which part of the research does paragraph 2 focus on? A. Its process. B. Its value. C. Its application. D. Its limitation. 38. What kind of birds are affected most by light pollution? A. Small-eyed birds. B. Large-eyed birds. C. Birds in the city. D. Birds in the countryside. 39. What does Dr Brent think of the man-made lighting? A. It does more good than harm. B. It benefits all species. C. It has no effect on humans. D. It should attract attention. 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于光污染对鸟类影响的研究，研究表明光污染会改变鸟类行为，使它们的活动时间延长，大眼睛鸟类受影响最大，虽然人造光对鸟类有一定益处，但它扰乱动物自然行为的影响也令人担忧。 36. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The study showed that light pollution caused birds to sing for an average of 50 minutes longer each day, with some species waking up an hour earlier and settling down for the night an hour later.(研究表明，光污染导致鸟类每天唱歌的时间平均延长50分钟，一些物种醒来的时间提前一小时，晚上休息的时间推迟一小时)”以及第四段“The change messing up how  animals naturally behave was worrying, Dr Brent added, although research  showed, in some species, that man-made lighting may give them more time  to look for food and find partners and improve the survival rate of  baby birds.(布兰特博士补充说，尽管研究表明，在一些物种中，人工照明可能会给它们更多的时间来寻找食物和伴侣，并提高幼鸟的存活率，但这种改变打乱了动物的自然行为，这令人担忧)”可知，光污染改变了鸟类的行为。故选C项。 37. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study used recordings from BirdWeather, a citizen science project. It collects users’ recordings of birds in their local area to produce a global live library of birdsong and then allows users to identify birds in their gardens through AI tools. In total, the scientists studied 2. 6 million observations of morning birds sound and 1. 8 million of evening bird calls, for hundreds of species. The data was joined with light pollution measurements from global satellites. “BirdWeather made it possible to study bird behaviors over a large area and a long time,” said Dr Brent.(这项研究使用了来自 “鸟类天气”这一公民科学项目的录音。该项目收集用户在当地录制的鸟类声音，以建立一个全球鸟鸣实时库，然后用户可以通过人工智能工具识别自家花园里的鸟类。科学家总共研究了针对数百个鸟类物种的 260 万次晨鸣观测数据和 180 万次晚鸣观测数据。这些数据与全球卫星测量的光污染数据相结合。布伦特博士说：“‘鸟类天气’使大范围、长时间研究鸟类行为成为可能。”)”可知，这一段重点介绍的是研究过程。故选A项。 38. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Species with large eyes, relative to their body size, were most affected by man - made light.(相对于体型而言，眼睛较大的物种受人造光的影响最大)”可知，大眼睛鸟类受光污染影响最大。故选B项。 39. 推理判断题。根据第四段“The change messing up how animals naturally behave was worrying, Dr Brent added, although research showed, in some species, that man-made lighting may give them more time to look for food and find partners and improve the survival rate of baby birds.(Brent博士补充说，这种扰乱动物自然行为的变化令人担忧，尽管研究表明，对于一些物种来说，人造光可能会给它们更多时间寻找食物和伴侣，并提高雏鸟的存活率)”可知，Brent博士认为人造光虽然对一些鸟类有好处，但它扰乱动物自然行为的影响令人担忧。由此推知，人造光应该引起关注。故选D项。 Passage 11 (2025-2026学年四川省达州市秋季学期高一年级教学质量监测英语试题)Olivier Chastel, a biologist, has spent 25 summers studying black-legged kittiwakes(三趾鸥) in Svalbard, Norway. His research examines how pollutants affect these Arctic seabirds. Working with Frederic Angelier, Chastel visits the kittiwake living place each year from mid-May to early July, where around 400 pairs of kittiwakes make their homes. The researchers use a small boat to reach the birds’ living area. They catch birds using a long stick for fishing with a soft rope, then fit them with rings to tell them apart. The team collects blood, feathers, and other parts to study in the laboratory. Since 2000, they have been monitoring 180 nests annually, recording which birds return, when they have babies, and how many eggs they lay. Chastel’s work has displayed serious problems. PFASs, chemicals found in everyday items like non-stick pans and clothes that keep out water, get into bird eggs and lower hatching(孵化) rates. These substances also affect hormones(荷尔蒙) and lower male birds’ ability to have babies. While some old pollutants like DDT have dropped, newer chemicals are increasing, creating an ongoing challenge. Pollutant levels in kittiwakes at first fell due to international laws, but since 2015 they have risen again. This increase is linked to warmer Atlantic waters moving into Arctic areas and bringing different fish species, new fishes with more pollutants than the birds’ traditional food fish. This turn in food shows how the Arctic ecosystem is changing. The landscape has changed dramatically too. Sea ice, once present in May, has not been seen since 2009. Despite these worrying tendencies, Chastel remains crazy about his work, finding joy in observing these beautiful birds and raising our understanding of environmental change in distant ecosystems. 40. What does Chastel’s study focus on? A. The living conditions of seabirds. B. The migration of black-legged birds. C. The process of catching Arctic seabirds. D. The impact of pollutants on Arctic seabirds. 41. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? A. The sources of PFASs in daily life. B. The big problems caused by PFASs. C. The methods used to discover pollutants. D. The differences between DDT and PFASs. 42. Why have pollutant levels in kittiwakes increased since 2015? A. Local industries have increased pollution. B. International rules have been taken away. C. Warmer waters have brought polluted fish. D. The birds have changed their migration ways. 43. What is Chastel’s attitude towards his work? A. Doubtful. B. Anxious. C. Enthusiastic. D. Satisfied. 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. C 43. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍生物学家Chastel对挪威三趾鸥的研究，探究污染物对其的影响及背后北极生态的变化。 40. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“His research examines how pollutants affect these Arctic seabirds.(他的研究探究污染物如何影响这些北极海鸟)”可知，Chastel的研究重点是污染物对北极海鸟的影响。故选D项。 41. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Chastel’s work has displayed serious problems. PFASs, chemicals found in everyday items like non-stick pans and clothes that keep out water, get into bird eggs and lower hatching (孵化) rates. These substances also affect hormones (荷尔蒙) and lower male birds’ ability to have babies. While some old pollutants like DDT have dropped, newer chemicals are increasing, creating an ongoing challenge.(Chastel的研究揭示了诸多严峻的问题。全氟和多氟烷基物质这类常见于不粘锅、防水衣物等日常用品中的化学物质，会进入鸟类的鸟蛋并降低其孵化率。这类物质还会干扰鸟类的荷尔蒙分泌，降低雄鸟的繁殖能力。尽管滴滴涕等部分传统污染物的含量已有所下降，但新型化学污染物的含量却在不断上升，这带来了一项持续存在的挑战)”可知，该段核心阐述了全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)给三趾鸥带来的诸多严重问题，还提及新型化学品增加带来的持续挑战。故选B项。 42. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This increase is linked to warmer Atlantic waters moving into Arctic areas and bringing different fish species, new fishes with more pollutants than the birds’ traditional food fish.(这种增长与大西洋暖水流入北极地区并带来不同鱼类有关，这些新鱼类的污染物含量高于鸟类的传统食用鱼类。)”可知，2015年以来三趾鸥体内污染物含量上升的原因是暖水带来了污染物更多的鱼类。故选C项。 43. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Despite these worrying tendencies, Chastel remains crazy about his work, finding joy in observing these beautiful birds and raising our understanding of environmental change in distant ecosystems.(尽管存在这些令人担忧的趋势，Chastel依然痴迷于自己的工作，从观察这些美丽的鸟类中获得乐趣，并增进我们对偏远生态系统环境变化的理解。)”可知，Chastel对自己的工作充满热情。故选C项。 Passage 12 (2025-2026学年河北省唐山市高一上学期1月月考英语试题)You forget to bring your water bottle to the airport, so you buy a plastic one and keep refilling it. Or you order takeout for dinner and save the black plastic container to pack your lunch the next day. Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability. But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. Single-use plastics shed(释放) chemicals and microplastics into your environment. Though studies have not directly compared single-use and reusable plastic, experts say they are more worried about single-use plastics because of how they’re made. A single-use plastic water bottle sheds microplastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray(托盘) sheds these particles into your food. Chemical exposure increases if plastic is heated, typically in a microwave, a dishwasher or even by placing hot food in a takeout container. When heated, molecules(分子) move faster, meaning it could be easier for some of them to make its way into your food. The danger of heating your plastic also applies to reusable plastic, like baby bottles and plastic storage containers, according to Judith Enck, president of Beyond Plastics. Research found that black plastic in trays, and other objects contain high levels of flame retardants(延缓剂). These poisonous chemicals have been related to physical and mental problems. Concerns with chemicals and microplastics primarily apply to food, experts said, because you are swallowing them. Reusing single-use plastics like grocery bags is not a major concern, they added. The most important thing you should do is avoid heating your plastic. “A pretty hard-and-fast rule is to never microwave plastic,” Enck said. “And there’s also a recommendation not to put plastic into the dishwasher if it’s on a hot cycle.” If you order takeout, it’s best to transfer the food to a nonplastic dish as soon as possible, and you should use a plate when microwaving your food. 44. Why does the author list examples in the first paragraph? A. To lead in the topic. B. To prove the experts’ opinion. C. To analyse the reason. D. To introduce background information. 45. What can we learn from the research? A. Plastic bottles of good quality can be used. B. It is the chemicals in the materials that cause trouble. C. Heat makes little difference to takeout food. D. Reusable plastic is more dangerous than single-use plastic. 46. Which situation poses the biggest threat to human’s health? A. Heating fast food in a glass bowl. B. Packing cold drink with single-use plastics C. Filling the grocery bag with meat. D. Ordering hot soup contained in a plastic bag. 47. What is a suitable title for the text? A. How to Correctly Use Single-use Plastics B. Reusing Single-use Plastics Is Harmful C. Stop Using Single-use Plastics D. The Shocking Fact of Single-use Plastics 【答案】44. A 45. B 46. D 47. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过日常场景引入话题，结合专家观点和研究，指出一次性塑料重复使用时会释放化学物质和微塑料，尤其加热后危害更大，并给出规避风险的建议。 44. 推理判断题。根据第一段“You forget to bring your water bottle to the airport, so you buy a plastic one and keep refilling it. Or you order takeout for dinner and save the black plastic container to pack your lunch the next day. Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability. But should you be reusing these single-use  plastics? Experts say no. (你忘了把水瓶带到机场，所以你买了一个塑料水瓶，然后不停地装水。或者你晚餐叫外卖，把黑色塑料盒留着第二天装午餐。重复利用是可持续发展的核心规则之一。但是你应该重复使用这些一次性塑料吗？专家们的答案是否定的。) ”可知作者举例人们日常中经常重复使用一次性塑料行为，然后引出核心话题“一次性塑料重复使用是否安全”，所以作者举例是为了自然的导入主题，故选A。45. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Single-use plastics shed (释放) chemicals and microplastics into your environment. (一次性塑料制品会向周围环境释放化学物质和微塑料)”以及第三段“Research found that black plastic in trays, and other objects contain high levels of flame retardants (延缓剂). These poisonous chemicals have been related to physical and mental problems. (研究发现，托盘中的黑色塑料和其他物品中的黑色塑料含有高浓度的延缓剂。这些有毒的化学物质与身体和精神问题有关。)”可知，这些塑料中的化学物质造成了问题，故选B。 46. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Chemical exposure increases if plastic is heated, typically in a microwave, a dishwasher or even by placing hot food in a takeout container. (如果塑料被加热，通常是在微波炉、洗碗机里加热，甚至是把热的食物放在外卖容器里，化学物质的暴露就会增加。)”可知，塑料受热时化学物质暴露会增加，尤其是将热的食物放在外卖容器中。所以推断“用塑料袋装热汤”，热汤会使塑料袋受热，导致化学物质大量释放进入汤中，对健康威胁最大，故选D。 47. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability. But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. (再利用是可持续发展的核心原则之一。但是你应该重复使用这些一次性塑料吗?专家说不。)”和第二段中“Single-use plastics shed (释放) chemicals and microplastics into your environment. (一次性塑料制品会向周围环境释放化学物质和微塑料)”以及“A single-use plastic water bottle sheds micro-and nanoplastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray (托盘) sheds these particles into your food. (当你给一次性塑料水瓶加水时，它会向水中释放微塑料和纳米塑料，外卖容器或冷冻餐盘也会将这些颗粒释放到你的食物中。)”可知，文章主要说明了重复使用一次性塑料用品的危害，B选项“Reusing Single-use Plastics Is Harmful (重复使用一次性塑料是有害的)”能概括本文主旨，适合作标题。故选B。 Passage 13 (2025~2026学年度重庆市渝中区重庆第三十中学校第一学期高一年级第三次月考英语试题)In the animal kingdom, killer whales(虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in varied family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds. Some ocean animals maintain social structures — including male dolphins that learn the “names” of their close allies(盟友). But there is little data about wild killer whales. That’s where drone(无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales. The researchers recorded over 800 instances of physical contact between individuals. Those included hugs, back-to-back and nose-to-nose touches between pairs of whales. Other whales playfully threw young whales into the air, letting them fall into the water. Besides, the drone images revealed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one “best friend” of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,” Weiss says. The young led most of these interactions, rather than the older females or males. Older males in particular were less important. “The young individuals really seem to be the glue(胶水) holding the groups together,” Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual loss of “centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” to Stacey Tecot, who wasn’t involved in the study. “Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That’s certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss. 48. What does the underlined word “rival” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Prevent. B. Match. C. Prefer. D. Attack. 49. What is new about Weiss’ research? A. The research method. B. The variety of species. C. The size of the research team. D. The time spent on the research. 50. What did Weiss find about J49 and J51? A. They have a lasting friendship. B. Their interactions are more complicated. C. Their communicating ways change frequently. D. They prefer playing with young female whales. 51. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More researchers will take part in the study. B. Other scientists take a negative attitude to the research. C. Researchers will collect more data to study killer whales. D. Researchers will uncover the social aging trend in animals soon. 【答案】48. B 49. A 50. A 51. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于虎鲸社交行为的新研究，研究发现虎鲸在形成亲密友谊方面与黑猩猩、猕猴甚至人类相似，研究还揭示了虎鲸群体中的社交偏好和年龄对社交中心性的影响。 48. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the animal kingdom, killer whales(虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in varied family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships.(在动物王国中，虎鲸堪称社交明星：它们穿梭于多元家庭群体，照料孙辈，甚至能模仿人类语言。如今科学家们又在其技能清单上添了一项：迅速建立友谊)”可知，虎鲸在很多方面与人类相似。划线词所在句“A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds.(一项新的研究表明，在表明紧密关系的“社交接触”方面，虎鲸可以与黑猩猩、猕猴(一种猴子)甚至人类……)”中将虎鲸与黑猩猩、猕猴甚至人类进行了比较，说明它们在社交能力上可以与之相提并论。故划线词“rival”在此处意为“与……匹敌，与……不相上下”，与match意义相近。故选B项。 49. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“That’s where drone(无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales.(这就是无人机技术发挥作用的地方。行为生态学家迈克尔·韦斯和他的同事们合作发射了无人机，让它们在一群虎鲸上方30到120米处飞行。这个高度足以不打扰到虎鲸，标志着首次使用无人机研究鲸鱼之间的友好身体接触。)”可知，Weiss的研究首次使用无人机研究鲸鱼之间的友好身体接触，其新颖之处在于研究方法。故选A项。 50. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Besides, the drone images revealed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one’ best friend’ of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. ‘Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,’ Weiss says.(此外，无人机图像显示出个体间的明显偏好——通常表现为选择同性别、同龄的“挚友”。以远亲关系的9岁与6岁雄性幼鲸J49和J51为例。“每次观察到鲸群时，这两头幼鲸总是在互动嬉戏，”Weiss说)”可知，Weiss发现J49和J51之间有着持久的友谊，它们总是在互动嬉戏。故选A项。 51. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss.(“我们已经在使用更先进的设备收集新数据，”Weiss说)”可推知，研究人员将收集更多的数据来研究虎鲸。故选C项。 Passage 14 (2025~2026学年度广东深圳市深圳中学第一学期期末考试高一英语试题)Bird viewers get nervous when they see landscapes covered in wind turbines(涡轮机). When the wind gets going, it is easy to imagine careless birds getting cut into pieces and wind turbines do indeed kill at least some birds. But a new analysis of American data suggests the numbers are negligible, and have little impact on bird populations. Erik Katovich, an economist at the University of Geneva, made use of the data from the Christmas Bird Count (CBC), a citizen-science project run by the National Audubon Society (NAS). Volunteers counted birds they spotted over Christmas, and the society gathered the numbers. He assumed, reasonably, that if wind turbines harmed bird populations, the numbers seen in the Christmas Bird Count would drop in places where new turbines had been built. Combining bird population and species maps with the locations and construction dates of all wind turbines, he found building turbines had no noticeable effect on bird populations. Instead of limiting his analysis to wind power alone, he also examined oil-and-gas extraction(开采), which increased sharply in America during those days. Comparing bird populations to the locations of new gas wells showed a 15% drop in bird numbers when new wells were drilled(钻探). It was probably because of a combination of noise, air pollution and the disturbance of rivers and ponds that many birds rely upon. When drilling happened in migration centers or feeding grounds, bird numbers instead dropped by 25%. Wind power, however, produced far less planet-heating carbon dioxide (CO2) than fossil fuels(化石燃料) did. It appeared to be significantly less damaging to wildlife, too. Yet that was not the impression you would get from reading the news. Dr Katovich found 173 stories in major American news media reporting the assumed negative effects that wind turbines had on birds in 2020, compared with only 46 stories discussing the effects of oil-and-gas wells. 52. What does the underlined word “negligible” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Insignificant. B. Inaccurate. C. Incorrect. D. Indefinite. 53. Why did Katovich make use of the data from the CBC? A. To prove wind turbines harm bird populations. B. To help the NAS with its citizen-science project. C. To count birds they spotted and gather the numbers. D. To find out if turbines greatly affect bird populations. 54. What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey? A. Bird populations declined in migration centers. B. Well drilling is a serious threat to bird populations. C. Birds are heavily dependent on rivers and ponds. D. Oil-and-gas extraction has expanded in America. 55. Which of the following might Dr Katovich agree with? A. Wind power causes no damage to birds. B. Wind power should be replaced by fossil fuels. C. Wind turbines could share the sky with wildlife. D. Wind turbines’ negative effects need more attention. 【答案】52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了风力涡轮机对鸟类的影响微乎其微，而石油和天然气开采对鸟类数量有显著负面影响。 52. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But a new analysis of American data suggests the numbers are negligible, and have little impact on bird populations.(但是一项对美国数据的新分析表明，这些数字negligible，对鸟类种群的影响很小)”可知，风力涡轮机对鸟类数量的影响很小，即数量可以忽略不计。因此，negligible的意思是“微不足道的，不重要的”。故选A。 53. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He assumed, reasonably, that if wind turbines harmed bird populations, the numbers seen in the Christmas Bird Count would drop in places where new turbines had been built. Combining bird population and species maps with the locations and construction dates of all wind turbines, he found building turbines had no noticeable effect on bird populations.(他合理地假设，如果风力涡轮机对鸟类种群有害，那么在新建涡轮机的地方，圣诞节鸟类统计中看到的数量将会下降。他将鸟类种群和物种地图与所有风力涡轮机的位置和建造日期相结合，发现建造涡轮机对鸟类种群没有明显影响)”可知，Katovich利用CBC的数据是为了找出涡轮机是否对鸟类种群有很大影响。故选D。 54. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Comparing bird populations to the locations of new gas wells showed a 15% drop in bird numbers when new wells were drilled (钻探).(将鸟类数量与新气井的位置进行比较发现，钻探新井时鸟类数量下降了15%)”以及“When drilling happened in migration centers or feeding grounds, bird numbers instead dropped by 25%.(当在迁徙中心或觅食地钻探时，鸟类数量下降了25%)”可知，本段主要讲述钻井对鸟类数量的影响，通过具体数据表明钻井对鸟类种群构成严重威胁。故选B。 55. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“But a new analysis of American data suggests the numbers are negligible, and have little impact on bird populations.(但是一项对美国数据的新分析表明，这些数字微不足道，对鸟类种群的影响很小)”以及最后一段中“Wind power, however, produced far less planet-heating carbon dioxide (CO2) than fossil fuels (化石燃料) did. It appeared to be significantly less damaging to wildlife, too.(然而，风力产生的导致地球变暖的二氧化碳远少于化石燃料。它对野生动物的危害似乎也明显较小)”可推知，Katovich博士可能会同意风力涡轮机可以与野生动物共享天空这一观点，即风力涡轮机对鸟类影响较小，可以在保护环境的同时与野生动物和谐共存。故选C。 Passage 15 (2025~2026学年度陕西宝鸡市陈仓区西城高级中学等三校联考第一学期期末质量检测高一英语试题)The milu deer, one of China’s most beloved animals, is also one of its strangest. How else could you describe a creature that has the face of a horse, the hoofs of a cow, the antlers of a red deer, and the tail of a donkey? The history of the species is nearly as strange as its body. The milu deer used to be common in China long ago. Like other deer, they lived together and ate grass as well as the soft parts of trees, such as small branches. However, milu deer were often hunted for food or sport in the past. The Ming and Qing dynasties did not protect them and many were killed. In 1900, the milu deer disappeared from China. However, before all the deer were killed in China, some were taken to Europe. The Duke of Bedford from Britain collected all the milu deer from Europe and put them in his deer park. The deer liked the cool, wet weather in England, and their numbers increased year by year. In 1985, 20 milu deer were reintroduced from Britain to China and placed in the Beijing Nanhaizi MiluPark in southern Beijing. The next year another herd of 39 arrived from the UK to the Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province. The milu deer certainly seemed happy to be back in China because their numbers started to grow steadily. There were soon so many of them that 64 milu deer were sent to a newly opened reserve in Shishou, Hubei Province from Beijing in the 1990s. They can move freely in the reserve, feed entirely on wild plants, and continue to safely thrive. At the moment, the milu deer are still living in reserves where they are being protected and cared for. As a result, their population is now recovering fast. Soon a new chapter will be added to the strange tale of these special animals. The deer are being trained to survive outside the park so that they can one day all return to the wild. The rescue of the milu deer is already a success story. Now it is up to us to make sure that the deer live happily ever after. 56. What makes the milu deer a strange creature according to the passage? A. It has the face of a cow, the hoofs of a horse, the antlers of a donkey, and the tail of a red deer. B. It has the face of a horse, the hoofs of a cow, the antlers of a red deer, and the tail of a donkey. C. It has the face of a donkey, the hoofs of a red deer, the antlers of a cow, and the tail of a horse. D. It has the face of a red deer, the hoofs of a donkey, the antlers of a horse, and the tail of a cow. 57. Why did the milu deer disappear from China in 1900? A. They couldn’t adapt to the climate change in China. B. All of them were taken to Europe by the Duke of Bedford. C. They were hunted for food or sport and not protected by the Ming and Qing dynasties. D. They didn’t have enough food to survive in the wild. 58. When were 20 milu deer reintroduced from Britain to China? A. In 1900 B. In 1986 C. In the 1990s D. In 1985 59. What is the current situation of the milu deer in China? A. They are still in reserves, being protected and their population is recovering fast. B. They have all returned to the wild and live freely. C. Their numbers are decreasing because of lack of food in reserves. D. They are only kept in the Beijing Nanhaizi Milu Park. 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麋鹿的外形特点、历史变迁，以及其从中国消失后被重新引入、得到保护并逐步恢复种群的过程。 56. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“How else could you describe a creature that has the face of a horse, the hoofs of a cow, the antlers of a red deer, and the tail of a donkey?(除此之外，你还能怎么描述一种长着马的脸、牛的蹄子、马鹿的鹿角和驴的尾巴的动物呢？)”可知，麋鹿之所以奇怪，是因为它长着马的脸、牛的蹄子、马鹿的鹿角和驴的尾巴。故选B项。 57. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, milu deer were often hunted for food or sport in the past. The Ming and Qing dynasties did not protect them and many were killed. In 1900, the milu deer disappeared from China.(然而，在过去，麋鹿经常因为食物或娱乐而被猎杀。明清两代没有保护它们，许多麋鹿被杀死。1900年，麋鹿从中国消失了)”可知，1900年麋鹿从中国消失的原因是它们常被猎杀，且没有得到明清两代的保护。故选C项。 58. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1985, 20 milu deer were reintroduced from Britain to China and placed in the Beijing Nanhaizi Milu Park in southern Beijing.(1985年，20只麋鹿从英国被重新引入中国，并被安置在北京南部的北京南海子麋鹿苑)”可知，20只麋鹿从英国被重新引入中国的时间是1985年。故选D项。 59. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“At the moment, the milu deer are still living in reserves where they are being protected and cared for. As a result, their population is now recovering fast.(目前，麋鹿仍然生活在保护区里，受到保护和照顾。因此，它们的种群数量正在快速恢复)”可知，目前中国麋鹿的现状是仍生活在保护区、受到保护，且种群数量快速恢复。故选A项。 阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年广东广州市第二中学第一学期期末考试高一英语试题) The evolutionary Choice and Survival Crisis of African Elephants The world’s African elephants are in serious danger. 1 And if we do nothing to put an end to the illegal ivory trade, elephants will be extinct from the wild within the next 20 years. Many believe that an illegal hunter could get ivory without killing the elephant — this is not true. 2 And the rest lies beneath the surface like an iceberg in water. The tusk(象牙) is not just bone but rather it is alive, filled with nerves and blood vessels(血管) and when broken off, the tusks would likely become infected and lead to a slow and painful death. However, there is a new form of hope rising from nature itself. African elephants are being born without the tusks that illegal hunters have hunted for decades. But why is the largest land mammal on earth now being born tuskless? 3 Is such change beneficial to elephants’ survival in the long term? As we know, elephant tusks are not just glorious-looking. 4 Therefore scientists are working to track the newly tuskless among them, to see how this unfortunate adaptation affects the species. Ivory hunters are not the only danger faced by elephants today. And more support is needed than ever to create a safe world where elephants can live together with humans happily, tusks and all. 5 A. Action should be taken to protect animals in the world. B. Only two-thirds of an elephant’s tusks stick out of their mouth. C. They also have important uses such as self-defense and digging. D. It is estimated that one is killed every 15 minutes for their ivory tusks. E. That’s because elephants without tusks have a better chance of surviving. F. After centuries of being hunted by humans, many African elephants are tuskless. G. And it’s in our power to make this happen by cutting demand and raising awareness. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非洲大象正面临严重的生存危机，非法象牙贸易导致其数量急剧减少，甚至出现了无牙大象的新现象。科学家正在研究这一变化对大象生存的影响，并呼吁人们采取行动保护这些珍贵的生物。 1. 上文“The world’s African elephants are in serious danger. (世界上的非洲象正处于严重的危险之中。)”说明非洲象正处于危险之中，下文“And if we do nothing to put an end to the illegal ivory trade, elephants will be extinct from the wild within the next 20 years. (如果我们不采取任何行动来制止非法象牙贸易，大象将在未来20年内从野外灭绝。)”说明大象将要灭绝，D项“据估计，每15分钟就有一头大象因象牙而被杀害。”与上文一致，具体说明大象处于危险中的原因，同时引出下文非法象牙贸易导致大象灭绝的严重后果，故选D。 2. 下文“And the rest lies beneath the surface like an iceberg in water. (其余的则像水中的冰山一样隐藏在表面之下。)”中的“the rest (剩余部分)”和B项“只有三分之二的象牙从大象嘴里伸出来。”中的“Only two-thirds”形成对应关系，介绍了象牙的分布情况，故选B。 3. 上文“But why is the largest land mammal on earth now being born tuskless? (但是为什么地球上最大的陆地哺乳动物现在生来就没有象牙呢？)”是提出问题，询问无牙象出现的原因，E项 “那是因为没有象牙的大象有更好的生存机会。”回答了上文的问题，That's because是关键词，故选E。 4. 上文“As we know, elephant tusks are not just glorious-looking. (我们知道，象牙不仅仅看起来壮观。)” 说明象牙不只有美观的作用，C项“它们还有重要的用途，比如自卫和挖掘。”承接上文，进一步说明象牙的实际功能，They指代上文的elephant tusks，故选C。 5. 上文“And more support is needed than ever to create a safe world where elephants can live together with humans happily, tusks and all. (我们比以往任何时候都需要更多的支持，去创造一个安全的世界，让大象可以和人类幸福地生活在一起，拥有完整的象牙。)”提出了保护大象、创造和谐生存环境的目标，G项“而我们有能力通过减少需求和提高意识来实现这一目标。”承接上文，说明实现这一目标的方法，故选G。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年四川成都市金牛区实外高级中学高一上学期期末学情测试英语试题)Summer heat doesn’t play favorites(偏袒) — not even with lions, elephants, or pandas. When the temperature rises too high, zookeepers become expert cool-down artists. 6 Polar bears Polar bears love staying cool. 7 These ice baths mirror polar bears’ natural environment, offering not only a cool escape from heat but also a playful activity. Elephants Elephants are known for their love of mud. At zoos, these huge animals enjoy wallowing in large mud pools for two simple reasons: the mud cools their skin and provides natural sunscreen against the sun. 8 The sight of elephants playfully throwing mud onto each other is not only interesting but also educational. Primates (灵长类动物) 9 These icy snacks not only help cool primates down, but also provide a test of their intelligence, as they need to find out how to extract(取出) the fruits. These frozen fruits are designed to mirror the challenges primates face in the wild when looking for food. Big cats During hot summer days, tigers and lions love to rest in shady(阴凉的) areas. These shady areas protect the big cats from the hot sun, giving them a perfect place to nap or relax. 10 This helps keep them healthy, happy, and stress-free—just as they would be in the wild. A. Primates need a break from the heat. B. Elephant mud baths are also a social event. C. So, zoos often provide them with ice baths. D. Frozen fruits are a pleasant summer surprise. E. Therefore, zoo animals are much luckier than wild ones. F. Zoos design these spaces carefully to mirror their natural homes. G. Here’s how zoos keep their animals cool and happy creatively all summer long. 【答案】6. G 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。夏季高温时，动物园饲养员成了给动物降温的高手。文章介绍了动物园为北极熊、大象、灵长类动物和大型猫科动物等保持凉爽快乐的一系列创意做法。 6. 上文“Summer heat doesn’t play favorites — not even with lions, elephants, or pandas. When the temperature rises too high, zookeepers become expert cool-down artists.( 夏季的酷热对所有生物都一视同仁——即便是狮子、大象或熊猫也不例外。当气温过高时，动物园管理员们就会变成专业的降温高手。)”表明夏天的炎热对所有动物都一视同仁，当温度过高时，动物园管理员会成为降温专家。G选项“Here’s how zoos keep their animals cool and happy creatively all summer long.(以下是动物园在整个夏天如何创造性地让动物保持凉爽和快乐的。)”承接上文，说明了接下来要介绍动物园是如何让动物在夏天保持凉爽和快乐的，符合题意。故选G。 7. 上文“Polar bears love staying cool.(北极熊喜欢保持凉爽。)”表明北极熊喜欢保持凉爽；下文“These ice baths mirror polar bears’ natural environment, offering not only a cool escape from heat but also a playful activity.( 这些冰浴环境与北极熊的自然生存环境十分相似，不仅能让它们在炎热中获得一丝清凉的慰藉，还能成为一种有趣的活动方式。)”表明冰浴反映了北极熊的自然环境。C选项“So, zoos often provide them with ice baths.(所以，动物园经常为它们提供冰浴。)”承接上文，说明了因为北极熊喜欢凉爽，所以动物园会为它们提供冰浴，同时引出下文，解释了冰浴的作用，符合题意。故选C。 8. 上文“At zoos, these huge animals enjoy wallowing in large mud pools for two simple reasons: the mud cools their skin and provides natural sunscreen against the sun.(在动物园里，这些庞然大物喜欢在巨大的泥池中打滚，原因很简单：泥巴能为它们的皮肤降温，并为它们提供天然的防晒保护，抵御阳光的照射。)”表明在动物园里，这些巨大的动物喜欢在大泥池里打滚；下文“The sight of elephants playfully throwing mud onto each other is not only interesting but also educational.(看到大象们欢快地相互泼洒泥巴的情景，不仅有趣，而且还能让人学到不少知识。)”表明大象互相扔泥的景象不仅有趣，而且有教育意义。B选项“Elephant mud baths are also a social event.(大象的泥浴也是一种社交活动。)”承接上文，说明了大象喜欢泥浴的另一个原因，即泥浴也是一种社交活动，同时引出下文，解释了为什么大象互相扔泥的景象有教育意义，符合题意。故选B。 9. 下文“These icy snacks not only help cool primates down, but also provide a test of their intelligence, as they need to find out how to extract the fruits.(这些冰凉的零食不仅能帮助灵长类动物降温，还能考验它们的智力，因为它们需要弄清楚如何获取这些果实。)”表明冰冻的零食不仅能帮助灵长类动物降温，还能测试它们的智力。D选项“Frozen fruits are a pleasant summer surprise.(冰冻的水果是夏天令人愉快的惊喜。)”引出下文，说明了冰冻的水果是灵长类动物喜欢的零食，符合题意。故选D。 10. 上文“During hot summer days, tigers and lions love to rest in shady areas. These shady areas protect the big cats from the hot sun, giving them a perfect place to nap or relax.(在炎热的夏日里，老虎和狮子喜欢在阴凉处休息。这些阴凉的地方能为这些大型猫科动物遮挡烈日，为它们提供一个绝佳的打盹或放松的场所。)”可知，在炎热的夏天，老虎和狮子喜欢在阴凉的地方休息。F选项“Zoos design these spaces carefully to mirror their natural homes.(动物园精心设计这些空间，以模仿它们的自然家园。)”承接上文，说明了动物园会精心设计这些阴凉的地方，以模仿大型猫科动物在野外的自然家园，符合题意。故选F。 Passage 3 (2025-2026学年广东深圳市深圳中学第一学期期末考试高一英语试题) A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 11 But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ● 12 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer materials. 13 However, there are a number of other reasons, one of which may come from our earliest years. ● Recall (回忆) your childhood memories. Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 14 — how being in those gardens makes us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 15 Then work out a plan to translate your notes of childhood experiences into your grown-up garden. A right garden shaped by memory goes beyond design. It becomes a quiet heaven where roots hold more than soil. May you enjoy yourself and have fun. A. Get to know why you garden. B. Find a good place for your own garden. C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters. D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers. E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants. F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too. G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have. 【答案】11. F 12. A 13. E 14. C 15. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解如何打造专属花园，需明晰初衷、回忆童年经历。 11. 上文“Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum of its parts?(你是否去过一处让你倍感惬意的花园，其整体氛围远胜于各部分的简单相加)”提出令人惬意的花园这一话题。空后“But it doesn’t happen by accident.(但这种效果并非偶然形成)”进行转折，说明打造这种花园并非易事。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明你也能打造出这样的花园。选项F “You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too.(你也可以在自己的花园里营造出这种神奇的氛围)”符合语境。F选项承接上文提到的惬意花园，引出后文打造花园的内容，与上下文衔接自然。故选F。 12. 下文“Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer materials.(有些人或许认为花园只不过是植物、花卉、图案和大量色彩，另一些人则关注使用节水、省料的园艺方法)”介绍了人们做园艺的不同原因。空处为段落小标题，需总领该段内容。选项A“Get to know why you garden.(了解你做园艺的原因)”符合语境。A选项精准概括本段核心，即明晰做园艺的初衷，与后文内容相呼应。故选A。 13. 上文“Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer materials.(有些人或许认为花园只不过是植物、花卉、图案和大量色彩，另一些人则关注使用节水、省料的园艺方法)”列举了两类人做园艺的原因。空后“However, there are a number of other reasons, one of which may come from our earliest years.(然而，还有很多其他原因，其中之一或许源于我们的童年)”引出更多园艺原因。空处与前文为并列关系，继续列举人们做园艺的原因。选项E “Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.(还有一些人或许只是喜欢身处户外、亲近植物)”符合语境。E选项使用“Still others”与前文的“Some people...Others...”构成并列句式，列举园艺原因，逻辑连贯。故选E。 14. 上文“Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.(祖母的玫瑰园和父亲的菜园或许有好有坏，但这并不重要)”指出花园本身好坏无关紧要。空后“— how being in those gardens makes us feel.(而是身处那些花园中的感受)”解释真正重要的内容。空处与前文为转折衔接，点明重要的是自身的花园体验。选项C “It’s our experience of the garden that matters.(重要的是我们在花园中的亲身经历)”符合语境。C选项承接上文“不重要”的内容，引出后文真正重要的感受，与上下文衔接紧密。故选C。 15. 上文“If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.(如果你想和自己的花园建立深厚的联结，先花时间回忆年少时的花园)”提出要回忆童年花园。空后“Then work out a plan to translate your notes of childhood experiences into your grown-up garden.(然后制定计划，把你记录的童年经历融入成年后的花园)”提到根据记录做规划。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明回忆后要记录记忆。选项G “For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have.(为每一座这样的花园，写下你最深刻的记忆)”符合语境。G选项中的“write down the strongest memory”与后文的“your notes”相呼应，承接回忆的动作，引出后续规划，逻辑通顺。故选G。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年河南三门峡市上学期期末检测高一英语试题)Shinrin-you, or forest bathing, is a unique Japanese practice emerging in the 1980s. It invites people to immerse themselves in forest energy and calm, seeking reflection, positive energy and renewed wellness. 16 The concept was developed by Japan’s Forest Agency in 1982 with two goals: relieving high-stress lifestyles from the technological revolution and encouraging reconnection with nature. Unlike intense outdoor activities, forest bathing is low-impact. 17 It emphasizes being present, focusing on surroundings and embracing woodlands’ natural order instead of altering them. Many mistake it for long hikes or intense physical activity, but it is actually about slowing down. The practice is surprisingly simple. 18 Whether alone or on a guided tour, participants walk quietly in forests, concentrating on the world around them without distractions. Even sitting under a tree and breathing deeply counts as forest bathing. 19 Studies show that forest time lowers cortisol(皮质醇) levels and boosts the activity of natural killer cells, which help fight off illness. Mentally, it clears brain fog and reduces anxiety, offering a rare break from digital overload. You don’t need to travel far for forest bathing, even in or near Tokyo. 20 These spots offer accessible escapes from the hustle and bustle of city life, letting urban dwellers experience nature’s healing power without long trips. From Iiyama’s beach forests to Meiji Shrine, forest bathing helps people step away from daily pressures and reconnect with nature meaningfully. It reminds us that wellness is simple — it lies in quiet, tree-filled spaces. A. This calm practice has a thoughtful origin story. B. Its core is mindfulness, not speed or achievement. C. Leave digital devices aside to fully engage with nature. D. Forest bathing has grown globally popular in recent years. E. The idea behind forest bathing arose from improving public health. F. Meiji Shrine and the Institute for Nature Study are perfect examples. G. It’s not just leisure — forest bathing benefits physical and mental health. 【答案】16. E 17. B 18. C 19. G 20. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本森林浴的起源、低强度且以正念为核心的特点、简单的实践方式，及其对身心的益处，还说明东京周边便可就近体验该活动。 16. 上文“Shinrin-you, or forest bathing, is a unique Japanese practice emerging in the 1980s. It invites people to immerse themselves in forest energy and calm, seeking reflection, positive energy and renewed wellness. (森林浴是20世纪80年代兴起的一种独特的日本做法，它邀请人们沉浸在森林的能量与宁静中，寻求反思、正能量和重获健康)”介绍了森林浴的定义和对健康的追求，及下文“The concept was developed by Japan’s Forest Agency in 1982 with two goals: relieving high-stress lifestyles from the technological revolution and encouraging reconnection with nature. (这一概念由日本林务局于1982年提出，有两个目标：缓解技术革命带来的高压生活方式，鼓励人们重新与自然建立联系)”讲述森林浴概念的提出背景和健康相关创立目标，E选项“森林浴的理念源于改善公共健康”承上启下，承接上文对森林浴健康初衷的介绍，引出下文其创立的健康相关目标，符合语境。故选E。 17. 上文“Unlike intense outdoor activities, forest bathing is low-impact. (与高强度的户外活动不同，森林浴的强度很低)”指出森林浴低强度的特点，及下文“It emphasizes being present, focusing on surroundings and embracing woodlands’ natural order instead of altering them. Many mistake it for long hikes or intense physical activity, but it is actually about slowing down. (它强调活在当下，关注周围环境，接纳森林的自然秩序而非改变它。很多人把它误认为是长途徒步或高强度的体育活动，但它实际上是关于放慢脚步)”阐释森林浴的核心是专注当下、放慢节奏而非追求运动成果，B选项“它的核心是正念，而非速度或成就”承上启下，承接上文的低强度特点，引出下文对森林浴核心内涵的具体阐释，符合语境。故选B。 18. 上文“The practice is surprisingly simple. (这种做法惊人地简单)”说明森林浴的实践方式十分简单，及下文“Whether alone or on a guided tour, participants walk quietly in forests, concentrating on the world around them without distractions. Even sitting under a tree and breathing deeply counts as forest bathing. (无论独自进行还是有向导带领，参与者都在森林中安静行走，全神贯注于周围的世界，不受干扰。即使坐在树下深呼吸也算是森林浴)”描述森林浴的具体做法是专注自然、不受外界干扰，C选项“放下电子设备，全身心投入自然”承上启下，承接上文的简单特点，引出下文参与者专注自然、不分心的具体做法，符合语境。故选C。 19. 下文“Studies show that forest time lowers cortisol (皮质醇) levels and boosts the activity of natural killer cells, which help fight off illness. Mentally, it clears brain fog and reduces anxiety, offering a rare break from digital overload. (研究表明，在森林中度过时光能降低皮质醇水平，提高自然杀伤细胞的活性，帮助抵御疾病。在精神层面，它能消除脑雾，减少焦虑，让人从电子设备的过度侵扰中得到难得的放松)”通过研究结果说明森林浴对身体和心理的双重益处，G选项“这不仅仅是休闲——森林浴对身心健康都有益处”引出下文对森林浴健康益处的具体阐述，符合语境。故选G。 20. 上文“You don’t need to travel far for forest bathing, even in or near Tokyo. (即使在东京市内或附近，你也不必远行就能体验森林浴)”指出在东京及周边体验森林浴无需长途跋涉，及下文“These spots offer accessible escapes from the hustle and bustle of city life, letting urban dwellers experience nature’s healing power without long trips. (这些地方为人们提供了便捷的逃离城市喧嚣的去处，让城市居民无需长途旅行就能体验自然的疗愈力量)”说明这些就近体验点的作用，F选项“明治神宫和自然研究所就是绝佳的例子”承上启下，承接上文的就近体验观点，举出具体地点的例子，且与文末的Meiji Shrine相呼应，引出下文“These spots”的指代内容，符合语境。故选F。 Passage 5 (2025-2026学年云南会泽县第一中学上学期期末考试高一年级英语试题)Shanghai, known for its towering skyscrapers and busy streets, might seem an unlikely place for beekeeping. Yet, Marco Sentinelli, an Italian businessman, is determined to make it happen. Marco’s relationship with bees stretches back to his days in Italy two decades ago. When the fruit trees he planted were not producing anything, he realized the absence of bees was to blame. He then began to study beekeeping. 21 Upon moving to Shanghai seven years ago, Marco initially thought his beekeeping days were over. 22 Before long, the local government came to ask him to help with pollination(授粉) services, and some of his friends also brought their children to get up close with bees. In 2024, Marco launched a non-profit organization called “Urban Bees Shanghai,” which trains volunteers to manage beehives(蜂巢) in communities across the city. 23 It has attracted about 2,000 followers, many of them young people who want to do beekeeping purely out of interest. 24 The reasons lie in the rapid expansion of cities and the public’s lack of awareness of the importance of bees. Additionally, since many people fear bees, their nests are often mistaken for wasp(黄蜂) nests and completely removed. To help more people learn about bees, Marco is advocating for responsible beekeeping within the city. He has already taken the initiative to educate local fire stations on safe bee removal, in the hope of saving local hives. 25 Marco envisions a greener, more biodiverse Shanghai. “If you place beehives on a farm, you can harvest 10 to 20 times more crops,” he said. “If we extend this into our city, we can only imagine how many more flowers and plants we can have.” A. So far, he has rescued six or seven hives. B. Soon, he was drawn by this fascinating hobby. C. It’s important to draw young people to the beehives. D. The organization now manages 20 beehives across the city. E. Its population is reducing sharply because of our fear of them. F. However, in 2023, he felt the pull to return to his beloved hobby. G. Urban beekeeping is also facing great challenges, according to Marco. 【答案】21. B 22. F 23. D 24. G 25. A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利商人马可在上海养蜂的经历。 21. 根据上文“He then began to study beekeeping. (然后他开始研究养蜂。)”可知，马可开始研究养蜂，B项意为“很快，他就被这个迷人的爱好所吸引。”选项能够承接上文，体现了马可对蜜蜂态度的转变，从研究养蜂到被蜜蜂吸引。故选B。 22. 根据上文“Upon moving to Shanghai seven years ago, Marco initially thought his beekeeping days were over. (七年前搬到上海时，马可最初以为养蜂的日子已经结束了。)”可知，马可搬到上海时，以为养蜂的日子已经结束了，F项意为“然而，在2023年，他感到被吸引回到他心爱的爱好。”，选项与上文构成转折关系，最初以为养蜂的日子已经结束了，然而，最终还是选择重拾爱好。故选F。 23. 根据上文“In 2024, Marco launched a non-profit organization called “Urban Bees Shanghai,” which trains volunteers to manage beehives (蜂巢) in communities across the city. (2024年，马可成立了一个名为“Urban Bees Shanghai”的非营利组织，培训志愿者管理全市社区的蜂巢。)”可知，“Urban Bees Shanghai”培训志愿者管理全市社区的蜂巢，D项意为“该组织现在管理着全市20个蜂巢。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了“Urban Bees Shanghai”的成就，现在管理着全市20个蜂巢。故选D。 24. 根据下文“The reasons lie in the rapid expansion of cities and the public’s lack of awareness of the importance of bees. (原因在于城市的快速扩张和公众对蜜蜂重要性的认识不足。)”可知，城市的快速扩张和公众对蜜蜂重要性的认识不足是城市养蜂业面临的挑战，G项意为“据马可介绍，城市养蜂业也面临着巨大的挑战。”选项能够引起下文，下文介绍了面临的巨大的挑战是什么。故选G。 25. 根据上文“He has already taken the initiative to educate local fire stations on safe bee removal, in the hope of saving local hives. (他已经主动教育当地消防局如何安全地清除蜜蜂，希望能拯救当地的蜂巢。)”可知，马可教育当地消防局如何安全地清除蜜蜂，帮助拯救当地的蜂巢，A项意为“到目前为止，他已经救出了六、七个蜂巢。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了他拯救蜂巢取得的成果。故选A。 ( 1 / 34 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $