Unit6语法专练2025-2026学年沪教版(五四学制）英语八年级下册

沪教五四制八下第六单元语法专练 宾语从句 特殊疑问词 第一部分：基本概念 1. 什么是特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句？ 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句是指用what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。这些疑问词在从句中担任一定成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等），同时起到连接主句和从句的作用。 结构：主句 + 及物动词 + 特殊疑问词 + 陈述句 含义：主句的主语"知道/想知道/不明白……"某个具体信息（什么、谁、何时、何地、为何、如何等） 2. 基本例句 I know what you mean. 我知道你的意思 Can you tell me where the station is? 你能告诉我车站在哪里吗？ He asked why she was late. 他问她为什么迟到 She wondered how she could solve the problem. 她想知道她如何能解决这个问题 第二部分：常用特殊疑问词及用法 1. 疑问代词（作主语、宾语、表语、定语） what 什么 主语/宾语/表语 I don't know what happened.（主语） Tell me what you want.（宾语） She asked what his name was.（表语） who 谁（主格） 主语 I wonder who will come. whom 谁（宾格） 宾语 Do you know whom she invited? whose 谁的 定语 He asked whose book this was. which 哪一个 定语/主语/宾语 I can't decide which one to choose. 2. 疑问副词（作状语） when 何时 时间状语 I don't know when he will arrive. where 何地 地点状语 Can you tell me where she lives? why 为什么 原因状语 He explained why he was late. how 如何 方式状语 She showed me how to do it. 3. how 的常用搭配 搭配 含义 例句 how many 多少（可数） I wonder how many people will come. how much 多少（不可数） Do you know how much it costs? how long 多长时间 She asked how long I had waited. how often 多久一次 I don't know how often he visits. how far 多远 Can you tell me how far it is? how old 多大年纪 He wondered how old she was. 第三部分：特殊疑问词宾语从句的语序 1. 陈述语序规则 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即：特殊疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。不能保留疑问语序。 直接引语（疑问句）：Where does he live? 他住在哪里？ 宾语从句（陈述语序）：I don't know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里 直接引语：What is she doing? 她在做什么？ 宾语从句：Can you tell me what she is doing? 你能告诉我她在做什么吗？ 直接引语：Why did they leave? 他们为什么离开？ 宾语从句：He asked why they left. 他问他们为什么离开 2. 常见错误对比 错误（疑问语序） 正确（陈述语序） I don't know where is he. I don't know where he is. Can you tell me what is your name? Can you tell me what your name is? She asked why was he late. She asked why he was late. Do you know when will she arrive? Do you know when she will arrive? He wondered how could he solve it. He wondered how he could solve it. 3. 特殊疑问词作主语时的语序 当特殊疑问词在从句中作主语时，语序与疑问句相同，因为疑问词本身就是主语。 直接引语：Who came to the party? 谁来参加派对了？ 宾语从句：I don't know who came to the party. 我不知道谁来参加派对了 （who 作主语，语序不变） 直接引语：What happened yesterday? 昨天发生了什么？ 宾语从句：He asked what happened yesterday. 他问昨天发生了什么 （what 作主语，语序不变） 第四部分：特殊疑问词宾语从句的时态 1. 时态呼应规则 与 that 宾语从句一样，特殊疑问词宾语从句也要遵循时态呼应的规则。 主句现在时，从句可以用任何需要的时态： I don't know where he is now. I don't know where he was yesterday. I don't know where he will go tomorrow. 主句过去时，从句通常用过去的某种时态： I didn't know where he was. She asked what I was doing. He wondered why they had left. They wanted to know when we would arrive. 2. 客观真理仍用现在时 The teacher asked what causes earthquakes. 老师问是什么引起地震 He wanted to know why the earth goes around the sun. 他想知道为什么地球绕着太阳转 第五部分：特殊疑问词宾语从句的简化 1. 特殊疑问词 + to do 结构 当主句主语和从句主语一致时，特殊疑问词宾语从句可以简化为 特殊疑问词 + to do 结构。 宾语从句：I don't know what I should do. 我不知道我应该做什么 简化：I don't know what to do. 我不知道做什么 宾语从句：She wondered where she could go. 她想知道她可以去哪里 简化：She wondered where to go. 她想知道去哪里 宾语从句：He asked how he could solve the problem. 他问他如何能解决这个问题 简化：He asked how to solve the problem. 他问如何解决这个问题 2. 不能简化的两种情况 情况一：从句主语与主句主语不一致 He asked me where I lived. 他问我住在哪里 （不能简化为 where to live，因为主语不同） 情况二：特殊疑问词在从句中作主语 I don't know what happened. 我不知道发生了什么 （what 作主语，不能简化为 what to happen） 第六部分：特殊疑问词宾语从句与 that 宾语从句的区别 1. 含义区别 that 宾语从句：陈述一个事实，表示"……的事情" I know that he is a teacher. 我知道他是老师 特殊疑问词宾语从句：询问具体信息，表示"什么/谁/何时/何地/为何/如何……" I know what he does. 我知道他做什么工作 2. 引导词的区别 that 在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用 I know that he is a teacher.（that 不作成分） 特殊疑问词 在从句中担任一定成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等） I know what he does.（what 作 does 的宾语） 3. 例句对比 that 宾语从句 特殊疑问词宾语从句 He said that he was tired. He didn't say why he was tired. I know that she lives in Beijing. I know where she lives. She told me that he would come. She didn't tell me when he would come. I think that it is expensive. I want to know how much it is. 第七部分：常见易错点 易错点1：语序错误（最常犯的错误） 错误：I don't know where is the station. 正确：I don't know where the station is. 错误：Can you tell me what is your name? 正确：Can you tell me what your name is? 错误：He asked why was she crying. 正确：He asked why she was crying. 易错点2：遗漏主语或谓语 错误：I don't know where to go.（这个其实是对的，但如果是完整从句就不能省略） 正确：I don't know where I should go. 错误：She asked what happened?（这个是对的，但注意语序） 正确：She asked what had happened. 易错点3：混淆 what 和 that 错误：I know what he is a teacher.（that 表示事实，what 表示"什么"） 正确：I know that he is a teacher. 错误：I don't know that he wants.（想知道"什么"时用 what） 正确：I don't know what he wants. 易错点4：时态错误 错误：He asked me where I will go. 正确：He asked me where I would go.（主句过去时，从句用过去将来时） 错误：I didn't know what is happening. 正确：I didn't know what was happening. 易错点5：疑问词选择错误 错误：I don't know where he said.（想说"他说了什么"时） 正确：I don't know what he said. 错误：Can you tell me when is your name?（想问名字时） 正确：Can you tell me what your name is? 易错点6：与直接引语混淆 错误：He asked where are you going?（这是直接引语） 正确：He asked where I was going.（间接引语，宾语从句） 易错点7：双重疑问 错误：Can you tell me where is the station?（既用了疑问句结构，又用了疑问语序） 正确：Can you tell me where the station is?（主句疑问，从句陈述） 第八部分：练习题 Level 1：用适当的特殊疑问词填空（what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how） 1. I don't know ________ he is. Is he a teacher or a doctor? 2. Can you tell me ________ the station is? 3. He asked ________ she was late. 4. Do you know ________ will come to the party? 5. I wonder ________ book this is. 6. She showed me ________ to use the machine. 7. They didn't tell us ________ the meeting would start. 8. I can't decide ________ one to choose. They all look good. 9. Do you know ________ he said? 10. He asked ________ I had waited. Level 2：选择正确的选项 1. I don't know ________ he lives. A. that B. where C. what D. when 2. Can you tell me ________ the train arrives? A. that B. what C. when D. where 3. He asked ________ I was from China. A. that B. if C. what D. where 4. I wonder ________ she is crying. A. that B. what C. why D. where 5. Do you know ________ book this is? A. who B. whom C. whose D. what 6. She showed me ________ to make a cake. A. what B. how C. when D. where 7. I don't know ________ he said. A. that B. what C. if D. when 8. Can you tell me ________ the station is? A. where B. what C. when D. how Level 3：改错题（每句有一处错误） 1. I don't know where is the station. _________________________________________________________________ 2. Can you tell me what is your name? _________________________________________________________________ 3. He asked why was she crying. _________________________________________________________________ 4. I wonder when will he arrive. _________________________________________________________________ 5. She showed me how can I use the machine. _________________________________________________________________ 6. Do you know where does he live? _________________________________________________________________ 7. He asked me that I was from China. _________________________________________________________________ 8. I don't know what is the time. _________________________________________________________________ Level 4：将直接引语改为宾语从句 1. "Where does he live?" I don't know. → I don't know ________ ________ ________. 2. "What is your name?" Can you tell me? → Can you tell me ________ ________ ________ ________? 3. "Why was she late?" He asked. → He asked ________ ________ ________ late. 4. "When will they arrive?" I wonder. → I wonder ________ ________ ________ arrive. 5. "How can I solve this problem?" She asked. → She asked ________ ________ ________ solve that problem. 6. "Who came to the party?" I don't know. → I don't know ________ ________ to the party. 7. "What did he say?" Do you know? → Do you know ________ ________ ________? 8. "Where are you going?" He asked me. → He asked me ________ ________ ________ going. Level 5：完成句子（根据中文提示） 1. 我不知道他住在哪里。 I don't know ________ ________ ________. 2. 你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗？ Can you tell me ________ ________ ________ ________? 3. 他问我为什么迟到。 He asked me ________ ________ ________ late. 4. 我想知道他们什么时候会来。 I wonder ________ ________ ________ arrive. 5. 她教我怎么用这台机器。 She taught me ________ ________ ________ this machine. 6. 你知道这是谁的书吗？ Do you know ________ ________ this is? 7. 我不明白他说了什么。 I don't understand ________ ________ ________. 8. 他问我来自哪里。 He asked me ________ ________ ________ from. Level 6：选择正确的引导词（that, if, whether, what, where, when, why, how） 1. I know ________ he is a good teacher. 2. I don't know ________ he is a teacher or a doctor. 3. Can you tell me ________ the station is? 4. She asked ________ I was from China. 5. I don't know ________ he is coming. 6. He explained ________ he was late. 7. The teacher told us ________ the earth is round. 8. I wonder ________ she will come to the party. 9. Do you know ________ the movie starts? 10. I don't understand ________ you said. Level 7：翻译句子 1. 我不知道他住在哪里。 _________________________________________________________________ 2. 你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗？ _________________________________________________________________ 3. 他问我为什么迟到。 _________________________________________________________________ 4. 我想知道他们什么时候会来。 _________________________________________________________________ 5. 她教我怎么用这台机器。 _________________________________________________________________ 6. 你知道这是谁的书吗？ _________________________________________________________________ 7. 我不明白他说了什么。 _________________________________________________________________ 8. 他问我来自哪里。 _________________________________________________________________ 第九部分：综合测试 Section A：单项选择（15题） 1. I don't know ________ he lives. A. that B. where C. what D. when 2. Can you tell me ________ the train arrives? A. that B. what C. when D. where 3. He asked ________ I was from China. A. that B. if C. what D. where 4. I wonder ________ she is crying. A. that B. what C. why D. where 5. Do you know ________ book this is? A. who B. whom C. whose D. what 6. She showed me ________ to make a cake. A. what B. how C. when D. where 7. I don't know ________ he said. A. that B. what C. if D. when 8. Can you tell me ________ the station is? A. where B. what C. when D. how 9. He asked me ________ I was going. A. that B. where C. what D. when 10. I wonder ________ they will arrive. A. that B. what C. when D. where 11. Do you know ________ he said that? A. that B. why C. what D. where 12. She explained ________ she was late. A. that B. why C. what D. when 13. I don't know ________ to do. A. that B. what C. when D. where 14. Can you tell me ________ to get to the station? A. that B. what C. how D. where 15. He asked me ________ I lived. A. that B. what C. where D. when Section B：用适当的疑问词填空（what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how） 1. I don't know ________ he is. Is he a teacher or a doctor? 2. Can you tell me ________ the station is? 3. He asked ________ she was late. 4. Do you know ________ will come to the party? 5. I wonder ________ book this is. 6. She showed me ________ to use the machine. 7. They didn't tell us ________ the meeting would start. 8. I can't decide ________ one to choose. 9. Do you know ________ he said? 10. He asked ________ I had waited. Section C：句型转换（将直接引语改为宾语从句） 1. "Where does he live?" I don't know. → I don't know ________ ________ ________. 2. "What is your name?" Can you tell me? → Can you tell me ________ ________ ________ ________? 3. "Why was she late?" He asked. → He asked ________ ________ ________ late. 4. "When will they arrive?" I wonder. → I wonder ________ ________ ________ arrive. 5. "How can I solve this problem?" She asked. → She asked ________ ________ ________ solve that problem. Section D：改错题（5题） 1. I don't know where is the station. _________________________________________________________________ 2. Can you tell me what is your name? _________________________________________________________________ 3. He asked why was she crying. _________________________________________________________________ 4. I wonder when will he arrive. _________________________________________________________________ 5. She showed me how can I use the machine. _________________________________________________________________ 第十部分：参考答案 Level 1 答案 1. what 2. where 3. why 4. who 5. whose 6. how 7. when 8. which 9. what 10. how long Level 2 答案 1. B（where 询问地点） 2. C（when 询问时间） 3. B（if 询问是否） 4. C（why 询问原因） 5. C（whose 询问谁的） 6. B（how 询问方式） 7. B（what 询问内容） 8. A（where 询问地点） Level 3 答案 1. I don't know where the station is.（陈述语序） 2. Can you tell me what your name is?（陈述语序） 3. He asked why she was crying.（陈述语序） 4. I wonder when he will arrive.（陈述语序） 5. She showed me how I could use the machine.（陈述语序） 6. Do you know where he lives?（陈述语序） 7. He asked me if/whether I was from China.（询问是否，用if/whether） 8. I don't know what the time is.（陈述语序） Level 4 答案 1. where he lives 2. what your name is 3. why she was 4. when they will 5. how she could 6. who came 7. what he said 8. where I was Level 5 答案 1. where he lives 2. what your name is 3. why I was 4. when they will 5. how to use 6. whose book 7. what he said 8. where I was Level 6 答案 1. that（陈述事实） 2. whether（有or，表示选择） 3. where（询问地点） 4. if/whether（询问是否） 5. when/if（何时/是否） 6. why（询问原因） 7. that（陈述事实） 8. if/whether（询问是否） 9. when（询问时间） 10. what（询问内容） Level 7 答案 1. I don't know where he lives. 2. Can you tell me what your name is? 3. He asked me why I was late. 4. I wonder when they will arrive. 5. She taught me how to use this machine. 6. Do you know whose book this is? 7. I don't understand what he said. 8. He asked me where I was from. 综合测试答案 Section A： 15 B C B C C 610 B B A B C 1115 B B B C C Section B： 1. what 2. where 3. why 4. who 5. whose 6. how 7. when 8. which 9. what 10. how long Section C： 1. where he lives 2. what your name is 3. why she was 4. when they will 5. how she could Section D： 1. I don't know where the station is. 2. Can you tell me what your name is? 3. He asked why she was crying. 4. I wonder when he will arrive. 5. She showed me how I could use the machine. 第十一部分：记忆口诀 特殊疑问词宾语从句口诀 特殊疑问词宾从，具体信息问得清。 what where when why how，还有 who whom 与 which。 陈述语序要记牢，主语在前谓在后。 语序口诀 直接引语疑问句，变成宾从要小心。 疑问语序不能留，陈述语序才正确。 where he lives 是正确，where does he live 是错。 时态口诀 主句过去从句变，过去某种时态现。 主句现在从句活，任何时态都可以。 客观真理永不变，一般现在记心间。 简化口诀 主从主语若一致，可以简化省麻烦。 疑问词后加 to do，what to do 最常见。 主语不同不能简，牢记规则不犯错。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $