专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·广东汕尾·一模） On a very hot Saturday in San Antonio, about 50 educators turned up for a three-hour workshop, titled “Enhancing Instruction With Artificial Intelligence”. During the workshop, attendees generated lesson plans and graded schoolwork with OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini and Microsoft CoPilot. Celeste Simone, a middle school teacher who used the AI tools to generate pictures alongside vocabulary words and created illustrated storybooks that used students’ names as characters, said, “I’m shocked to see that they can create the materials in a matter of seconds. I don’t think I could go back to the way I did things before.” Having seen how helpful the AI tools are, another attendee raised a concern, “Are we going to be replaced by AI?” That remains to be seen. But to help the nation’s 4 million teachers to use the technology, teachers unions have formed an unlikely partnership with the world’s largest technology companies such as Microsoft, OpenAI and Anthropic. The two groups don’t always see eye to eye but say they share a common goal: training the future workforce of America. “Like it or not, AI is part of our world,” said Daaiyah Bilal, an official of The National Education Association (NEA), the country’s largest teachers union. “We are preparing kids for the future. That is our primary job.” Under the arrangement announced in July, NEA is planning to build an AI training center in New York City that will offer virtual and in-person workshops for teachers. The goal is to open at least two more centers and train 400,000 teachers over the next five years. Tech companies also see opportunities in education beyond training teachers. Microsoft announced a $4 billion initiative for AI research and training. It includes a program that will give all school districts and community colleges in Washington, Microsoft’s home state, free access to its CoPilot tools. Google said it would commit $1 billion for AI education and job training programs, including free access to its Gemini for education platforms for US high schools. 1. Which word best describes Celeste Simone’s attitude to the AI tools? A. Concerned. B. Cautious. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful. 2. What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Complain. B. Agree. C. Invest. D. Negotiate. 3. What can we know about the AI training center in New York City? A. It will offer online and in-person training. B. It is one of the existing three training centers. C. It is funded by one of the big tech companies. D. It has already accepted 50 educators for trial. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The cooperation among tech companies. B. An introduction to the NEA agreement. C. The competition between teachers unions. D. A reason for tech companies’ generosity. Passage 2 （2026·河北唐县·一模） When Jen Park was a teenager growing up in Republic of Korea, she was the oldest child in a family with two working parents. She remembers taking on responsibilities that made her feel older than her peers. “I learned to grow up at an early age,” Park explains. “When I was14, I’d pick my younger brother up from school. I’d be in charge of checking his homework and making sure that he was fed until our parents got home.” That early experience led Park, a Stanford Graduate School of Business student working toward a PhD in marketing, to become interested in how people’s perception of their own age can influence their actions. Being old and feeling old aren’t the same thing, Park explains. Perception of your age isn’t necessarily based upon your date of birth. Instead, it tends to be fluid, varying from situation to situation and influenced by the actual age of the people around you. “Social comparison can really shift how old you feel,” Park explains. “If I interact with students who are young millennials, I feel older, which is a contrast to how I feel interacting with senior colleagues.” In one field study, Park and her team organized a food-bank donation drive at local farmers’ markets. In some instances, they used teenage volunteers to collect the money, a method of making participants feel older. In other instances, the volunteers were in their 50s, so that many of the donors might feel younger. “We found that when people are nudged (引导) to feel older, they feel more responsibility,” Park says. “It’s like the society is on our shoulders. We feel like we’ re expected to make this world better for the next generation.” Organizations involved in social causes might utilize (利用) the new insights about subjective age to maximize their fundraising efforts. “If you want to create an older subjective age among the audience you’re trying to reach, utilizing younger volunteers might help,” Park says. 5. What primarily inspired Park’s present research? A. Family trust. B. Growth experiences. C. Job requirements. D. Parental behaviors. 6. What will shape a person’s subjective age according to Park? A. Social surroundings. B. Official birth records. C. Academic qualifications. D. Physical aging behaviors. 7. What was the main purpose of the food- bank donation study? A. To evaluate teenagers’ fundraising efficiency. B. To assess the locals’ donation ability. C. To test age perception’s impact on duty. D. To measure volunteers’ fundraising paths. 8. How could social organizations apply Park’s findings to their benefit? A. By asking the audience about their age before events. B. By training senior volunteers to influence younger donors. C. By ensuring age-matching between volunteers and donors. D. By employing young volunteers to make them feel mature. Passage 3 （2026·湖北襄阳·一模） Under the autumn sky of Tuohula Xinjiang, golden rice stalks sway gently. Ayinigeer Tuoheti, a 28-year-old computer science graduate, wanders through the fields, checking the ripening crop. Her digital skills are bridging the divide between her family’s traditional rice business and the modern age. In 2020, Ayinigeer returned home to assist her father — who’d built a 1994 rice processing plant but his health weakened and struggled with business communications. She found the family’s work stuck in the backward reality: the ledger book, handwritten records, and carbon paper. She resolved to transform the business. First, she turned their small farmer cooperative into a company. Exploiting her computer background, she automated invoicing, inventory, and order processing, shifting all work to electronic systems. To secure high-quality rice, she partnered with over 120 households, who transferred the management rights of their land to her company. Her company provided seeds and training, bought harvests above market prices, and shared profits-boosting farmers’ incomes while ensuring premium raw materials. In 2023, she tried livestreaming on electronic sales platform. With a smartphone, she presented viewers with local rice fields, processing plants, and family meals with their local products. The initial phase was tough, but local governments trained her in livestreaming skills. Their authenticity won audience: daily orders grew from 12 to hundreds. Now, From March to September this year, they had 180,000 orders through livestreaming, with 7,000 on a single day-that’s nearly 35 tons of rice moving directly from their fields to households across China. The numbers tell the resulting. In early 2024, influencers from across China were reaching out to us, she said. “They wanted to partner with us because our product had proven appealing.” The phenomenal success of Ayinigeer’s livestreaming, however, stems not just from technology, but Tuohula’s rice quality: Wensu’s temperature swings, selenium-rich soil, and Tianshan snow melt water make it sweet and aromatic. Local farming is 98% mechanized, and a 1998 seed base (investing 1 million yuan yearly) develops high-quality varieties-including the seeds Ayinigeer uses. 9. What did Ayinigeer do first to improve the family business? A. She started livestreaming on Douyin. B. She modernized the operation system. C. She partnered with over 120 local households. D. She inspected crops personally. 10. Why could Ayinigeer’s sales model attract viewers? A. She offered very low rice prices. B. She used professional broadcasting equipment. C. She presented authentic rice production scenes. D. She accumulated many followers before livestreaming. 11. What can we infer about Tuohula’s rice? A. It is popular all over the world. B. Local natural conditions contributed to its popularity. C. It is only sold in southern Xinjiang. D. Its production cost is much lower than average. 12. Which is the most appropriate title? A. Digital Skills Revive Hometown Rice B. Livestreaming Makes Rice Famous C. Graduate Succeeds in Rice Business D. Quality Rice Boosts Agriculture Passage 4 （2026·广东大湾区·一模） Earth’s biggest problem, according to Douglas Adams, is quite simple: the species of clever ape (猿) that thinks it runs the joint is mostly unhappy most of the time. Computer scientist Cal Newport now adds email to the list of life’s troubles. In his book A World Without Email, he argues this once-brilliant invention has made us suffer. Newport says we’ve become slaves to email trapped in a “hyperactive hive mind” — the reality in which everyone, everywhere, can communicate with everyone else with ease. Studies have shown how dominant email has become in ordinary office life. The average knowledge worker sends and receives 126 emails daily, which ruins focus, making them less productive and more irritable (易怒的). All of this might be bearable but for one problem: the mismatch between modern electronic messaging and our own information-processing capacity. Multitasking is a myth. We can’t think clearly while dealing with an overflowing inbox. We’re wired to prefer real-time conversations, where everyone gets updates together. Back in small tribes (部落), we needed daily chats to feel connected. Now, in a digital world, that ancient urge makes us anxious if we don’t reply to every email instantly. Despite his book’s title, Newport isn’t against all electronic messaging. What drives him to desperation is how we use it. With office workers nodding in hearty agreement, Newport offers some solutions. A German company invented the No Email Day. Productivity went up, even though it shortened the work time. The goal was for everyone to approach their work more deliberately without rushing. Some companies use an application called Trello to allow workers to access the necessary data and decide when to jump in and get things done. Handling email when it’s out of control is like being pecked (啄) by a flock of geese. But changing this won’t be easy. Our need for focused thinking conflicts with the Dopamine Economy — something designed to keep us unable to resist constant messages. Still, Newport thinks regaining control of our time might be the key to being happier at work. 13. What phenomenon does Newport point out in his book? A. Office workers fail to handle daily emails. B. People can contact each other more easily. C. Convenience of modern life comes at a cost. D. Email overload affects efficiency and mood. 14. How does the author develop paragraph 3? A. By giving examples. B. By presenting the history. C. By analyzing the cause. D. By comparing preferences. 15. What does Newport try to illustrate by mentioning the practices of some companies? A. The importance of autonomy at work. B. The necessity to cut working hours. C. The benefit of technological advances. D. The need to follow economic trend. 16. What might be a suitable title for the text? A. Message Overflow B. Email Slavery C. Message Addiction D. Email Craze 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·安徽芜湖·一模） A few years ago, I had the opportunity to go on a wildlife tour in southern Africa where our spotlight lit up a smaller hunter — African wildcat. The more I thought about those African wildcats, the more I’ve been amazed at their evolutionary (进化的) success. The African wildcat is the ancestor of our beloved household pets. And despite changing very little, their descendants have become among the world’s two most popular companion animals — cats and dogs. Household cats are quite expressive to their human companions, using different meows (喵) to communicate different messages. However, this is not an example of their treating us as part of their kind. Quite the contrary, cats rarely meow to one another. The sound of these meows has evolved to more effectively communicate with us. Cats similarly manipulate people with their purrs (呼噜声). When they want something, they purr extra loudly. And this purr is not the pleasant purring of a content cat, but a higher-pitched electric saw br-rr-oom demanding attention. Scientists digitally compared the sound qualities of the two types of purrs and discovered that the major difference is that the demanding purr includes a part very similar to the sound of a human baby crying. People, of course, are born to pay special attention to this sound, and cats have evolved to take advantage of this sensitivity to get our attention. Of course, that won’t surprise anyone who’s lived with a cat. Although cats are very trainable — they’re very food motivated — cats usually train us more than we train them. As the old saying goes, “Dogs have owners, cats have staff.” 1. What does the underlined word “descendants” mean? A. Relatives. B. Ancestors. C. Previous owners. D. Later generations. 2. What does meowing of household cats indicate? A. It’s a skill they use to communicate with humans. B. It’s a way they communicate with cats. C. It’s less expressive than wildcats’ meowing. D. It indicates cats see humans as their kind. 3. What is the difference between two types of purr? A. The demanding purr is more pleasant. B. The demanding purr sounds like a baby’s cry. C. The content purr sounds like an electric saw. D. The content purr is harder to hear. 4. Which statement is true according to the last paragraph? A. Cats see humans as owners. B. Cats and dogs are equally loyal. C. Humans are like staff to cats. D. Humans train cats more. Passage 2 （2026·广东汕尾·一模） For thousands of years, there’s been a common belief in Western culture about emotions that they come on fast and uncontrollable. But a new study that has looked at what’s going on inside the brain and the body during specific emotional states has found that the theory doesn’t hold up. For example, you’re walking in the woods, and you see a bear. You recognize it’s a bear. Then what happens? Previously, researchers thought that the fear touches off a series of physical and emotional responses so that your heart rate rises, your breath quickens and the adrenaline (肾上腺素)levels increase in your body and you are well-prepared to run away and live another day. But the new study has drawn a totally different conclusion: The brain recognizes a bear, and then that recognition leads to all the physiological responses. In other words, to make the decision, your brain takes into account your past experiences and your memories. This step is key. For instance, if your past experiences with bears come largely through news reports of attacks, then your brain will likely interpret your physiological responses as fear. This emotion will help drive you away from the bear in order to live another day. But what if you are a hunter? And your past experience with a bear ended in a wonderful feast for you and your neighbors. Then your brain may interpret the physiological responses as excitement. This positive emotion will drive you toward the bear in order to bring home dinner. The study concludes that the chosen emotion not only helps the brain make sense of these signals, but it also helps the brain predict better the immediate future and how to handle the situation at hand. Understanding how these predictions work helps us realize that emotions aren’t uncontrollable reactions to particular situations. Next week, we’ll see how to control our emotions in different situations. 5. According to the common belief in Western culture, what is our first reaction to a bear? A. We will feel frightened. B. Our heart will beat very slowly. C. We will control our breath. D. Less adrenaline will be produced. 6. What will help us put our emotions under control according to the new study? A. Our personality. B. Our daily needs. C. Our experiences. D. Our nerve system. 7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To prove a theory right. B. To introduce a new discovery. C. To provide some advice. D. To call for wildlife protection. 8. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A news report. B. A textbook. C. A test result. D. A lecture. Passage 3 （2026·南京二十九中·一模） Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology. The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. When activated, these cells trigger an instant alarm response, causing the body to react as if it’s been burned. This begs the question: why would we enjoy a feeling signaling potential danger? The enjoyment of spicy food is learned through adaptation of the nervous system. Initially,the brain misinterprets the capsaicin-caused heat as a potential threat, triggering an alarm-like response. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable,transforming the initial pain into a form of“benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure. Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate. So, what can you do if the spice becomes overwhelming? Since capsaicin is fat- soluble,water is ineffective because it only spreads the compound. Dairy products like milk or yogurt are far better solutions — the fat and protein in them combine with the capsaicin and carry it away. 9. Why does eating chili peppers give people the burning feeling? A. Capsaicin briefly hurts taste buds. B. Chilli peppers bring potential danger. C. Capsaicin triggers the reaction of TRPV1. D. Chilli peppers raise the body’s temperature. 10. Which experience is most similar to enjoying spicy food? A. Listening to music. B. Smoking cigarettes. C. Exploring the Antarctic. D. Watching a horror film. 11. What does building a high spice tolerance involve? A. Conscious efforts. B. Genetic adaptation. C. Blocking spiciness signals. D. Keeping receptors from responding. 12. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Capsaicin’s Trick: A False Burning Alarm B. The Spice Lover’s Dilemma: Pleasure in Pain C. The Body’s Signal: Physical Reactions to Spice D. The Art of Endurance: Building Spice Tolerance Passage 4 （2026·安徽芜湖·一模） What did you have for breakfast today? And how did you celebrate your last birthday? When you think back to these events, you’re using episode memory (情景记忆) — the ability to recall personal experiences tied to specific times and places. But how does your brain keep these memories separate without mixing them up? Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the US believe this is thanks to a“memory reset button” in our brainstem. This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps organize and separate our memories. In the study, 36 volunteers took part in a memory task. Lying in an MRI scanner, they were shown a series of pictures of different objects. Meanwhile, several simple tones were played over and over again, first in one ear and then in the other with a different pitch. The pitch change aimed to change the context and create what is known as an event boundary. Event boundaries help the brain organize episode memory by changing our perception and attention. After the experiment, UCLA scientists tested how well the volunteers could recall the order of the pictures. The result showed that it was harder to do when the series of pictures crossed an event boundary. This suggests that changes in sound made the brain store memories separately. What’s more, MRI scans showed that the locus coeruleus became highly active when event boundaries appeared, but not so much otherwise. Earlier research showed that the hippocampus (海马体), helps shape episode memory by both linking events close together in time and separating those further apart. But what tells the hippocampus when to change modes? MRI scans suggest that “the locus coeruleus may provide the critical ‘start’ signal to the hippocampus, as if saying, ‘Hey, we’re in a new event now’,” said Lila Davachi, one of the researchers. The new understanding could lead to better treatment for memory-related problems like Alzheimer’s disease, where the locus coeruleus is overactive. These conditions might be managed by calming the locus coeruleus through medication, slow breathing or even using stress balls. 13. What is the function of the locus coeruleus? A. To create event boundaries. B. To store long-term memories. C. To enhance memory accuracy. D. To help separate memory events. 14. What can be inferred about the “event boundary”? A. It made memory recall easier. B. It broke continuous memory flow. C. It was created by a change in attention. D. It’s controlled only by the hippocampus. 15. What does the author advise people to do about future Alzheimer’s treatment? A. Repair the hippocampus. B. Remove event boundaries. C. Adjust locus coeruleus activity. D. Use MRI scanners almost daily. 16. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How event boundaries separate daily memories. B. The hippocampus links and separates different events. C. The locus coeruleus helps organize episode memories. D. Sound changes create boundaries between memories. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·河北沧州·一模） Much like the plastic straw, six-pack rings are often seen as enemies of the ocean. Though straws and six-pack rings account for only a tiny fraction of all the plastic trash in the ocean, images of unlucky marine animals like sea turtles with plastic straws jammed into their noses or plastic six-pack rings encircling their bodies have aroused public angry reaction against the common items. Saltwater Brewery in Florida came up with a genius way to reduce plastic waste, by making their six-pack rings biodegradable. What is even more amazing is that this type of packaging is completely safe for animals to snack on since they are made from barley (大麦) and wheat ribbons. In an interview, Saltwater Brewery explained how this idea of biodegradable six-pack rings started, “Since our beginning, our goal has been to maintain the world’s greatest wonder by giving back through ocean-based charities, such as Coastal Conservation Association, Surfrider, Ocean Foundation, among many others, and by being the first brewery to package and sell our beer with the Eco Six Pack Rings.” The first eco-friendly six-pack ring made from by-product waste and other compostable materials, is designed to replace plastic rings, which are truly damaging our environment and the animals who live in it. Back in 1987, the Associated Press announced that around one million seabirds and 100,000 marine mammals were killed every year by six-pack rings, a piece of plastic, that we give so little thought to before throwing away. In today’s tragic state of plastic pollution, creating biodegradable single-use packaging is a necessity. Before you buy anything packed in plastic we encourage you to think, that you are holding something that can take up to 1,000 years to dissolve. 1. What are six-pack rings used for? A. Killing sea animals. B. Banding cans of beer. C. Reducing plastic waste. D. Encircling turtles’ bodies. 2. What does the underlined “the world’s greatest wonder” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Charity. B. Plastic. C. Ocean. D. Brewery. 3. Which will you probably turn to in order to spread your ideas of protecting sea life? A. The Saltwater Brewery. B. The Ocean Foundation. C. The Associated Press. D. The Coastal Conservation Association. 4. If we buy something packed in plastic, it is wise for us to ________. A. recycle the packages B. dissolve the packages C. use the packages once D. make six-pack rings Passage 2 （2026·河北唐县·一模） Have you ever been at a sporting event or concert and had to reposition to get in the right spot to see the action? Maybe you needed to shift left or right to see between two people. Perhaps you even had to stand on your seat to see over the person in front of you. Well, plants often have to do something similar so that they can “see” as much light as possible. Plants need light to perform photosynthesis—making sugars from water and carbon dioxide in the air to feed themselves. If sunlight is directly above them, plants will grow straight up toward it. Sometimes, it’s not that simple. For example, you might have seen house plants bending towards a window rather than growing straight and tall. When light comes from an angle, plants will curve (弯曲) toward it to get better access to the light they need to grow. Hormones in the plant’s tissues, called auxins, make cells on the dark side of the plant grow taller, bending the plant toward the light. In a forest, plants may branch out so that their leaves are in open patches of sun, rather than in the shade. This often happens if taller bushes and trees tower over them, or if they are growing in a crowd of other plants. It’s much like humans seeking out sunny spots or reaching their hands toward a campfire to warm up when they feel cold outdoors. Other types of plants may not grow straight because they have different strategies. For example, strawberries grow close to the ground and spread sideways by sending out runners — stems that spread out just above the ground to create new plants. Other plants, like ivy, grow as vines that climb up trees, walls and fences. Climbing vines may grow straight, to the side or at angles, depending on what kinds of support structures they find to grow on. The next time you see a plant growing straight, take notice of whether light is directly above it. Or if you see a plant that’s not straight, notice whether it’s bending toward light coming from the direction it’s facing. 5. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To present scientific data. B. To explain plants’ urgent needs. C. To create a familiar comparison. D. To describe plant growth patterns. 6. Why do plants require sufficient light? A. To produce their own food. B. To absorb water efficiently. C. To release carbon dioxide. D. To strengthen root systems. 7. What might forest plants do when shaded? A. Swing to save energy. B. Adjust leaf angles frequently. C. Position leaves in sunny spots. D. Increase their growth speed rapidly. 8. What is the text mainly about? A. Forest ecosystem conservation. B. Plant behaviors in crowded spaces. C. The process of photosynthesis in detail. D. Plant adaptation for light access. Passage 3 （2026·安徽淮北·一模） According to a recent discovery, a female mosquito’s blood-sucking feeding tube (口器) makes for a great high-resolution 3D printer spray tip. A team of researchers at McGill University in Montréal was looking for ideas to create a tiny, low-cost, and sustainable 3D printing tip, and this mosquito body part seems to be almost perfect for the job. TechXplore reports that these tips can be used for 3D printing extremely fine objects, with smooth surfaces, ideal for air and space industries, dentistry, and biomedical research. Such high-precision 3D printing tips usually come at a high cost. The source suggests they are typically priced at around $80 per tip. Moreover, current commercial tips that meet this standard are made of either non-biodegradable plastic or metal. We’ve seen plenty of interesting bio-inspired technologies ahead of this new method from McGill. But this new printing method is not simply bio-inspired but reuses natural body parts. The researchers studied other biological donors before settling on the mosquito. Stingers from bees, sharp teeth from snakes, water-carrying tubes in plants, and even tiny needles from insects like snails were alternative high-resolution 3D printing options, but the female mosquito’s feeding tube won the day. The female mosquito’s tube has many qualities that make it well-suited for 3D printing. According to the researchers, its inner width is just 20 micrometers. This is 100% finer than the best human-made tips. These biodegradable tips are also remarkably straight, and stable. However, printing tips are improved by using 3D-printed supporting structures to help fix the problem of low mechanical strength. The McGill scientists said their work paves the way for fresh advances in manufacturing and micro-engineering supported by 3D printing. They haven’t settled yet, though, and will continue to look into other natural options for stronger and finer 3D printing tips. 9. Why did the researchers explore mosquito body parts? A. To test insects’ biological functions. B. To reduce the use of metal materials. C. To design a more affordable 3D printer. D. To develop a 3D printer that works fast. 10. What is the purpose of mentioning other animals in paragraph 3? A. To demonstrate the biodiversity in nature. B. To explain how insects are used in engineering. C. To compare the feeding habits of different animals. D. To highlight the process of selecting the final solution. 11. What feature makes the mosquito’s tube suitable for 3D printing? A. Its ability to change shape freely. B. Its particularly narrow inner width. C. Its resistance to severe temperatures. D. Its naturally high mechanical strength. 12. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the research? A. It has already reached its final stage. B. It no longer relies on biological materials. C. It will soon replace commercial printing tips. D. It could open doors to new fine-scale manufacturing. Passage 4 （2026·广东大湾区·一模） Colorful songbirds known as honeycreepers were once common in Hawaii. However, these native creatures are now struggling to survive because of avian malaria, a deadly disease spread by invasive (侵袭的) mosquitoes. Of the more than 50 species that once lived throughout the islands, just 17 remain today. Now, scientists have come up with a clever plan to help the birds. They are using drones to drop thousands of lab-grown, non-biting male mosquitoes engineered to carry a type of bacteria called Wolbachia that acts as mosquito birth control. When these special males mate with wild females, the resulting eggs will not hatch, which should reduce the overall mosquito population and give the birds a much-needed break. Since the “Birds, Not Mosquitoes” (BNM) project was started in 2023, over 40 million such mosquitoes have been released. Most of the mosquito drops have been made from helicopters. But recently, scientists began experimenting with eight-foot-long drones. A drone can’t carry as many mosquitoes as a helicopter can — just 23,000 compared to 250,000 — but it’s safer, because it doesn’t require any humans to be on board. Drones are also easier to arrange at a moment’s notice, which is a major benefit in an area with often unpredictable weather. The mosquitoes are being dropped inside small capsules. Each capsule contains roughly 1,000 males, which are kept alive inside a temperature-controlled transport box attached to the drone. Once released, they “fall to the forest floor where they provide protection to the mosquitoes until they’re ready to fly away,” says Adam Knox, a drone pilot involved in the project. “The capsules then begin to break down once exposed to wind and rain,” he adds. This technique, previously used against human diseases, marks its first wildlife-saving application. With climate change pushing mosquitoes to higher altitudes — the last shelter for honeycreepers, time is running out. Several of the remaining honeycreeper species are highly endangered. Some die after a single bite from an infected mosquito. Thus, curbing the mosquito population with methods like the BNM project may be the birds’ only chance to survive. 13. What can be learnt about honeycreepers from paragraph 1? A. They spread avian malaria to mosquitoes. B. A mosquito-borne disease threatens them. C. Thirty-three species of them have died out. D. They are losing habitats to native creatures. 14. What led to the shift to a new carrier in the project? A. Its success in previous similar projects. B. Its expanded carrying capacity and range. C. Its superior operational safety and flexibility. D. Its adaptability to various weather conditions. 15. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. How to protect mosquitoes from diseases. B. How to deliver the lab-grown mosquitoes. C. How to lessen the project’s impact on nature. D. How to control the temperature of containers. 16. What does the underlined word “curbing” in the last paragraph mean? A. Wiping out. B. Keeping track of. C. Coexisting with. D. Keeping under control. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·河北唐县·一模） Effective communication is the foundation of high-performing organizations, particularly in an era of remote work and digital tools. Yet many leaders fail to set clear communication norms (规范), resulting in burnout, wasted time, and reduced productivity. Consider these breakdowns. A colleague misses an urgent call because the message was sent via Slack (a team collaboration tool), which they rarely check. A leader preparing for a meeting receives five inconsistent reports from five different units. These examples illustrate the friction that arises when communication norms are unclear. As AI-assisted writing becomes more common, it is even more critical to establish clear norms that prioritize readability. Research shows that recipients often feel pressured to respond faster than expected, and some messages requiring quick decisions go unnoticed for days. To prevent these mismatches,organizations should establish clear response times across different communication channels.Besides response speed, teams must also clarify when employees are expected to engage. Some organizations establish“quiet hours” to delay messages outside of working hours so that leaders foster (培养) a work culture that balances responsiveness with well-being. In the book Writing for Busy Readers: Communicate More Effectively in the RealWorld, six science-based principles are presented. The core idea? Brevity. In one experiment, researchers randomly assigned 7,000 leaders to receive either a 129-word request to complete a survey or a 49-word one. When both versions were tested with an independent group, the longer one was widely assumed to be more effective. But the data told a different story — cutting words nearly doubled the response rate. However, writing less isn’t always the better approach. For instance, a 3,000-word report might be more reader-friendly, but 6,500 words could be interpreted as the writer doing a more thorough job. In this case, less could still be more effective, but more could be seen as better. So effective communication isn’t just about writing less — it’s about making reading easier.But ease looks different in different settings. That’s why teams should define their communication norms to ensure clarity and consistency so organizations can solidify them across their teams and workflows. 1. What causes the breakdowns in the examples? A. Over-reliance on AI-assisted writing. B. Disorganization of business units. C. Lack of communication consistency. D. Inharmonious relationships at work. 2. How can organizations get expected responses? A. By shifting to offline communication. B. By clarifying specific response times. C. By using a single communication channel. D. By fostering a competitive work discipline. 3. What does the underlined word “Brevity” in paragraph 4 mean probably? A. Accuracy. B. Emphasis. C. Briefness. D. Comparison. 4. Why does the author mention the reports in paragraph 5? A. To explain writing less doesn’t always work. B. To criticize the restriction on the word limit. C. To illustrate writing a report is demanding. D. To encourage researchers to do a thorough study. Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·一模） Ask Google’s AI video tool to create a film of a time-travelling doctor who flies around in a blue British phone booth and the result, unsurprisingly, resembles (类似) Doctor Who. And if you ask OpenAI’s technology to do the same, a similar thing happens. What’s wrong with that, you may think? The answer could be one of the biggest issues AI chiefs face as their era-defining technology becomes ever more widespread in our lives. Google and OpenAI’s generative artificial intelligence is supposed to be just that — generative, meaning it develops novel answers to our questions. But how much of that output is original? The problem is working out how much AI tools like Sora 2 and Veo 3 rely on someone else’s art to come up with their own inventions. One firm, however, claims to be able to shine a light on the issue. TraceID by Vermillio can detect the percentage to which AI-generated content is based on copyrighted materials. One of the platform’s abilities is to create neural fingerprints for brands, characters or other IP. These fingerprints act as digital identifiers that map the unique characteristics of a given piece of content. By comparing this fingerprint against AI-generated content, it can determine how much the new content overlaps (重合) with the original, offering a percentage-based match. The research showcases this process in action, using well-known films such as Doctor Who and James Bond as case studies. The findings? Sora matched up to 62% with James Bond fingerprint, Google’s Veo 3 matched 80% to Doctor Who fingerprint, implying that they have leaned heavily on copyright-protected work to produce its output. Many creative professionals demand compensation and an end to unauthorized use of their work until permissions are granted. They argue AI tools build on their work without remuneration, producing competing creations that undercut their industries. Kathleen Grace, head of Vermillio, said: “We can all win if we just take a beat and figure out a way to share and track content. This would encourage copyright holders to release more data to AI companies and would give AI companies access to more interesting sets of data. Instead of giving all the money to AI companies, there would be this amazing ecosystem.” 5. What issue is presented at the beginning of the passage? A. Generative AI reinvents film production. B. The capabilities of generative AI are expanding. C. Generative AI is becoming increasingly widespread. D. Copyrighted materials are used in AI-generated content. 6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Who uses TraceID. B. How TraceID works. C. Why Trace ID is developed. D. Where TraceID is used. 7. What does the underline word “remuneration” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Delay. B. Pay. C. Effort. D. Warning. 8. What message does Kathleen Grace want to convey? A. Limiting data hurts scientific progress. B. Copyright holders should release more data. C. A fair data-sharing ecosystem benefits all. D. AI firms must disclose copyrighted content use. Passage 3 （2026·湖南湘潭一中·一模） Who do you hold in higher regard: Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple, who said he wakes up at 4 am. and is the last to leave the office, or UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer who said he won’t work past 6 pm on Fridays? Time magazine reported that the answer seems obvious in the US where business and a lack of leisure time have become symbols of high status. Historically, long work hours weren’t associated with wealth or status. In the Roman Empire, the rich divided their day between business and leisure, with business only conducted in the morning. In his 1899 book The Theory of the Leisure Class (《有闲阶级论》), US economist Thorstein Veblen wrote that “obvious lack of labor becomes the conventional mark of superior achievement.” In other words, the wealthier one was, the less one worked. Today, however, reality contradicts Veblen’s theory. Researchers at the Washington Center for Equitable Growth found that those who work more than 40 to 45 hours a week are usually in “highly paid professional positions”, such as lawyers, architects and engineers. But regardless of the profession, a culture of overwork thrives in the US as long hours have become a marker of career success. As Time magazine noted, one reason behind this dramatic shift is “the rise of knowledge-intensive economies”. On the supply side, workers focus heavily on education and skill development, believing their knowledge and skills are most valuable. On the demand side, companies and organizations compete to attract top talent. Essentially, long work hours imply that an individual is in high demand. Rising economic inequality and financial insecurity are also key factors. As the job market grows more competitive, even those near the top of the income ladder feel financially insecure. Study shows that the professions with the largest income gaps are also the ones where people are most likely to work more than 40 hours a week. This indicates that highly paid professionals are more willing to accept a busy schedule because, if they don’t, there are plenty of lower-paid workers ready to take their jobs. In a 1930 essay, British economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that the US could “look forward to an age of leisure and abundance without fear”. That vision has clearly not materialized. As AI boosts workplace productivity, will we use the extra time to enjoy our lives, or will we continue to overload our schedules in pursuit of status and self-worth? 9. What marks high status in the US at present? A. Controlling work hours autonomously. B. Going on extended vacations regularly. C. Having a well-balanced work-life style. D. Working long hours with little free time. 10. Why does the author mention the book The Theory of the Leisure Class? A. To indicate the development of society. B. To lead readers to reflect the significance of work. C. To prove wealth is little related to long work hours. D. To persuade people to change their opinion of status. 11. What is a key reason for the shift in how work hours relate to status? A. The change of economic form. B. The widespread availability of AI. C. The decline of traditional industries. D. The rising value of seizing more wealth. 12. What can be inferred about highly paid professionals? A. They hardly experience job competition. B. They feel pressured to keep their positions. C. They are more insecure than others in finance. D. They believe success means long work hours. Passage 4 （2026·湖北八校·一模） “Then would you invest short-term or long-term?” asks Jennifer Varga, a teacher at Memorial Middle School in New Jersey. Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. That figure will probably grow. Pupils in these classes learn not only how to save their earnings in order to have something to invest in the first place, but simple economic problems. Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. Young people badly need these courses. Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were of no avail. The analyses made intuitive (直觉的) sense, as many teenagers have yet to work or manage a household. But more recent findings have shown an opposite picture. Research has gotten better and the courses themselves have also improved. Studies that use the gold standard of investigation have found the courses are working well and useful in improving financial knowledge and behaviour. The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. Some worry about adding one more graduation requirement to the long list, but schools are willing to remove courses with less direct bearing on life skills. “When I was 20, it would have been nice to have this class,” Ms Varga says. She got into some financial trouble as a young adult. “I want them to be better than my generation.” 13. What fuels the spread of personal-finance courses? A. A major demand from schools. B. The unsteadiness of finance. C. A new requirement for graduation. D. The popularity of banking. 14. What can students learn in personal-financial courses? A. Long-term investment. B. Daily finance management. C. Strategies for earning money. D. Policies on financial development. 15. What does the underlined phrase “of no avail” mean in paragraph 4? A. Unfamiliar. B. Unsystematic. C. Inaccessible. D. Ineffective. 16. What do the survey results imply? A. The courses have lasting value. B. More attention is needed to finance. C. Fewer students borrow for college. D. The graduation standards are high. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·湖北荆州·一模） Recent research is challenging a long-standing belief: the idea that people are strictly “left-brained” or “right-brained” is far less fixed than we once assumed. This shift invites us to rethink how we understand brain function and personality. Conventional wisdom has long split people into two distinct “brain types.” Those labeled “right-brained” are said to be creative and likely to describe the world in subjective terms. In contrast, “left-brained” individuals are thought to be analytical, focused on details and guided by logic. Despite all its popularity, this two-sided view of the brain may be incorrect. To be clear, some brain functions are more concentrated on one side. We’ve learned this in part from studying stroke (中风) patients: when a specific brain region is damaged, certain abilities disappear. Damage to the front of the brain can reduce motivation and weaken creativity, while harm to the back may cause partial or complete blindness. These examples confirm that location matters for specific brain functions — but not for personality qualities. When it comes to individual qualities like creativity or logical thinking, there’s little or no evidence tying them to one brain hemisphere (半球). Even advanced scans of mathematicians’ and artists’ brains reveal no consistent structural differences. A 2023 University of Utah study added weight to this: researchers analyzed brain scans of over 1,000 young people, dividing the brain into 7,000 regions to check for “sidedness” linked to personality. The study concluded the left-brained or right-brained idea is more a figure of speech than an accurate anatomical (解剖学) description. Researchers still study “brain laterality” (which sides dominate functions like language or facial recognition), but not personality. If you’ve always seen yourself as a “numbers person” or a “creative type,” this research doesn’t change that — those strengths are still valid. But it does correct a common misconception: your personalities aren’t tied to one side of your brain. We still have much to learn about what shapes personality, but one-sided brain dominance almost certainly isn’t the key. 1. Which occupation probably suits “right-brained” people, based on conventional opinions? A. Hairdresser. B. Librarian. C. Mathematician. D. Typist. 2. Why does the author mention stroke patients? A. To prove one side of the brain operates specially. B. To show different brain regions vary in functions. C. To demonstrate brain damage changes personality. D. To argue the two-sided view of the brain is wrong. 3. What is the author’s attitude to the 2023 study? A. Favorable. B. Skeptical. C. Objective. D. Dissatisfied. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To clarify a widespread belief. B. To introduce a groundbreaking study. C. To confirm a long-standing assumption. D. To correct a widely held misconception. Passage 2 （2026·湖北荆州·一模） Like the ever-shifting colors of the sky and sea, emotions move in waves: they gather gradually, reach the peak, and eventually fade, only to be succeeded by new ones. Studies indicate that when fully experienced, an emotion lasts at most ninety seconds. Yet so often, we find ourselves ensnared (掉入陷阱) in emotions that last far beyond — why? The answer lies in how we feed emotions with our thoughts and stories. When we get stuck in overthinking why we feel a certain way, whether it’s justified, or why we shouldn’t feel it, we create a cycle that breathes new life into the emotion. Attempting to avoid or block emotions doesn’t make them disappear; instead, they get trapped inside us, which can even cause physical pain or tension. Contrary to the popular view that emotions are a weakness, they are, in truth, an essential part of being human. We generally experience five core emotions: joy, sadness, fear, anger, and desire. Not naturally good or bad, they each serve as an essential instrument of our personal growth with their specific wisdom. For instance, joy connects us to appreciation, fear alerts us to the unknown, and anger signals a boundary being crossed. To break free from unhelpful emotional cycles, we can apply the “fact vs. story” framework. By focusing on facts instead of stories, we can tap into our true feelings. Using simple emotional language — like “I’m sad,” “I’m happy,” or “I’m scared” — helps us relate to our basic emotions, which brings us out of a state of stress and into the present moment. Grounded in what is real, we focus on what can be influenced and cease wasting energy on things that exhaust us. Feeling emotions fully without resistance liberates energy, clears the mind and supports sound decision-making. When emotions surface, ride the wave — experience them fully in our body, listen to their wisdom, and let them flow through. This is how emotions become a source of creativity and strength, guiding us to lead our lives with clarity and purpose. 5. Why do we feel emotions much longer than ninety seconds? A. We are too nervous to handle them wisely. B. They are bound to be long-lasting naturally. C. They involve our thoughts and stories deeply. D. We need sufficient time to release them fully. 6. What does the author think of emotions? A. They are sources of inner conflict. B. They are signs of human weakness. C. They are tools for self-improvement. D. They are symbols of specific wisdom. 7. How should we get rid of unhelpful emotional circles? A. By recognizing our true feelings partly. B. By expressing our emotions objectively. C. By analyzing our emotional language simply. D. By joining basic emotions to stories logically. 8. Which statement will the author probably agree with? A. Overthinking traps us inside true feelings. B. Negative cycles arise from feeling emotions. C. Deep analysis unlocks the door to emotional control. D. Accepting emotions fully brings clarity and strength. Passage 3 （2026·福建泉州·一模） A study has found that verbal abuse or hurtful words in childhood may be as damaging to long-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if not more so. This groundbreaking research highlights the need to treat verbal abuse as a serious public health issue that comes with lasting psychological consequences. Research led by Liverpool John Moores University has drawn on the data of 20,687 adults from England and Wales. In the survey, participants were asked about their exposure to physical and/or verbal abuse before the age of 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factors in optimism, relaxation, social connection and coping skills. The survey asked participants how often they felt optimistic about the future, useful and relaxed. What the researchers found was that those who experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times more likely to report poor mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals exposed to physical abuse were 1.52 times more likely to have mental health problems later in life, and those who experienced both verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times more likely to have negative mental health outcomes. There’s a growing body of evidence that demonstrates how verbal abuse in childhood has long- term impacts. It’s often viewed as less harmful than other forms of maltreatment. The researchers found that while physical abuse had decreased — from around 20.2% of children born in the 1970s to 10% of those born in 2000 or later — verbal abuse has increased. This study found that those who experienced this in their youth had nearly double the likelihood of social isolation. There remains an urgent need for greater measures to prevent physical abuse. Verbal abuse may not immediately manifest in ways that catch the attention of bystanders, clinicians, or others in supporting services. The researchers emphasize that this study doesn’t downplay the long- term harm of physical abuse, but it highlights the need to better consider verbal maltreatment when it comes to both child protection policies and mental health treatment in adults who have experienced this trauma. 9. What did the survey in paragraph 2 focus on? A. Adult abuse experiences. B. Social connection in childhood. C. Current physical health markers. D. Childhood abuse and adult mental health. 10. How does the author present the issue in paragraph 3? A. By presenting comparative research data. B. By introducing the study’s background. C. By explaining research methodology. D. By proposing policy solutions. 11. What change in abuse patterns did researchers note? A. Physical abuse increased since 2000. B. Verbal abuse decreased significantly. C. Verbal abuse rose while physical abuse declined. D. Both types dropped among newer generations. 12. What is the best title for the text? A. Physical abuse prevention strategies B. Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact C. Survey methods in psychology research D. Improving childhood mental health policies 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·湖北十堰·一模） No one is sure exactly when or how the invasion (入侵) began. However, in 2014, when Asian common toads (蟾蜍) were officially spotted in Madagascar’s largest seaport, scientists immediately sounded the alarm. These invasive toads produce a poisonous chemical, stored in specialized glands (腺体) behind their eyes, which could spell death for any native species attempting to hunt them — a major threat to Madagascar’s biodiversity. Cane toads, which can remain poisonous long after they’re dead, created a similar problem when introduced to Australia in the 1930s. The poisonous parts, known as parotoid glands, do not just allow toads to wreak havoc as invasive species. They probably also helped toads spread across large parts of the planet millions of years ago, according to research published in mid-October 2025. Evidence suggests toads got their start in South America but it is unclear exactly when and how they spread to other continents. To find out, the scientists of the research analyzed DNA from 124 species across six continents. Their rebuilt evolutionary history confirmed that toads originated in South America approximately 61 million years ago; however, it also uncovered something unexpected: Instead of entering Asia from North America via the land bridge, early toads appear to have crossed directly from South America to Africa. The team also discovered a rapid rise in the number of new species shortly after toads began to spread out of South America, which happened during a historic transition known as the Eocene-Oligocene extinction event, about 33.5 million years ago. During that same period, toads evolved their parotoid glands. Some of this evolutionary history appears to be repeating itself with modern invasive species. Although toads have spread around the world, there were a few barriers that were too much for them. Toads never made it on their own to Australia, for example, or crossed the Mozambique Channel from Africa to Madagascar and the nearby Mascarene Islands. Now, with a little help from humans, they have crossed these final frontiers. 1. What do the underlined words “Wreak havoc” mean in paragraph 2? A. Spread across remote regions. B. Cause significant damage. C. Contribute to local biodiversity. D. Engage in dangerous hunting. 2. What happened to toads during the period of the extinction event? A. They lost their parotoid glands. B. Their species diversified quickly. C. Their population dropped sharply. D. They began entering South America. 3. What can we learn from the text? A. Human activities are threatening toads. B. Toads made it on their own to Australia. C. The birthplace of toads remains a mystery. D. Humans play a role in the spread of toads. 4. From which is the text most probably taken? A. A science magazine. B. A geography textbook. C. A government environmental report. D. A blog post on wildlife protection. Passage 2 （2026·湖南湘潭一中·一模） The Thwaites Glacier (冰川) in West Antarctica is the world’s largest and widest glacier. The massive ice sheet stretches 80 miles across, roughly the size of Florida. The glacier loses about 50 billion tons of ice annually and already accounts for about 4 percent of the planet’s current sea level rise. If it were to melt completely, it could raise global sea levels by about two feet. This would displace millions of people in coastal communities worldwide. It is no wonder that the ice mass has been nicknamed “Doomsday Glacier”. The glacier’s erosion (侵蚀) is largely due to the downward-sloping (下坡) land on which it sits. This allows warm seawater to flow slowly underneath and melt it from below. Researchers have known about this phenomenon for decades. However, a new study indicates that the Thwaites Glacier is being exposed to more warm ocean water than previously thought. This could cause it to melt at a much faster rate than scientists had initially estimated. The research team was led by Professor Eric Rignot at the University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine). They reached this conclusion after analyzing satellite data collected from March to June 2023. The scientists found that during each 12-hour tidal cycle, warm seawater moves underneath the glacier for about four miles. This is a much longer distance than previously thought. As the tide moves back, it leaves the warm seawater behind and carries the freshwater from the melting glacier into the ocean. This constant inflow of freshwater adds to sea level rise over time. “There are places where the water is almost at the pressure of the overlying ice, so just a little more pressure is needed to push up the ice,” says Rignot. “The water is then squeezed enough to jack up a column of more than half a mile of ice.” 5. What might speed up the glacier’s melting rate? A. Faster ocean currents. B. Higher air temperatures. C. More warm water exposure. D. Increased solar radiation. 6. How did researchers gather data for the new study? A. By drilling ice cores. B. With underwater sensors. C. By using satellite technology. D. Through field observations. 7. What does the underlined phrase “jack up” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Lift. B. Melt. C. Weigh. D. Record. 8. What’s the best title for the text? A. Climate Change Consequences. B. Antarctica’s Largest Glacier. C. New Findings on Glacier Melt. D. The Threat from Rising Sea Levels. Passage 3 （2026·河南开封·一模） Rice, the world’s common staple food, is now being used to produce a life-saving medicine. Scientists at Healthgen Biotechnology, a Chinese company in Wuhan, Hubei province, are genetically engineering rice plants to create human serum albumin (HSA,人血清白蛋白), an important blood protein. HSA is the smallest but most common protein in blood. Produced by the liver, it helps keep the right balance of fluids (液体) between blood vessels and surrounding tissues. A lack of such proteins can cause serious medical problems. HSA is vital for treating burns, severe bleeding, and certain cancers. Traditionally, it comes from donated human blood, but supply is limited. In China, over 60% of HSA needed had to be imported. Yang Daicheng, founder of Healthgen, told China Daily, “We put human genes into the rice plant to produce HSA.” As the rice grows, HSA is made and stored in the seeds, which are then harvested to extract the protein. This approach, known as molecular farming (分子农业), turns rice into a “protein factory”. This technology offers key advantages. It does not depend on blood donations, avoiding any risk of spreading viruses from donors. It is also cost-effective because increasing production simply means planting more rice. Furthermore, dried rice seeds can be stored for years without the protein losing its effectiveness, and the genetic stability of rice ensures consistent quality. The company’s progress has been rapid. Early versions of their modified rice produced 2.75 grams of HSA per kilogram. Through improved technology, yield has risen to 30 grams per kilogram, with a goal of over 40 grams. The company now produces one million doses of its rice-made HSA drug each year and is building a new facility set to open in 2026. When completed, it will produce 130 tons of HSA annually, potentially replacing a quarter of China’s HSA imports. The success with rice opens doors for molecular farming using other plants. For example, soybeans are being engineered to produce proteins for making animal-free cheese. 9. What can we learn about HSA from the text? A. It speeds up the recovery of wounds. B. It helps regulate the balance of body fluids. C. It is generated by heart to aid blood circulation. D. It is transported by blood vessels to build body tissues. 10. What problem does molecular farming help address? A. The safety risk of genetic engineering. B. The decrease of rice production in China. C. The shortage of blood-based HSA supply. D. The rising cost of importing medical drugs. 11. What can be inferred about Healthgen’s future development? A. It plans to export its HSA products abroad. B. It will stop using imported medical proteins. C. It will totally replace the imported HSA in 2026. D. It will grow other genetically engineered plants. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Rice: a Medicine for Life-saving. B. Rice: a Source of Life-saving Protein. C. HSA: a Key to Treating Severe Diseases. D. HSA: a Protein Important for Human Health. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D Passage 2【答案】5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C Passage 3【答案】9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A Passage 4【答案】13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C Passage 2【答案】5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D Passage 3【答案】9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B Passage 4【答案】13. D 14. B 15. C 16. C 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A Passage 2【答案】5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D Passage 3【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D Passage 4【答案】13. B 14. C 15. B 16. D 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A Passage 2【答案】5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C Passage 3【答案】9. D 10. C 11. A 12. B Passage 4【答案】13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D Passage 2【答案】5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D Passage 3【答案】9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A Passage 2【答案】5. C 6. C 7. A 8. C Passage 3【答案】9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·广东汕尾·一模） On a very hot Saturday in San Antonio, about 50 educators turned up for a three-hour workshop, titled “Enhancing Instruction With Artificial Intelligence”. During the workshop, attendees generated lesson plans and graded schoolwork with OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini and Microsoft CoPilot. Celeste Simone, a middle school teacher who used the AI tools to generate pictures alongside vocabulary words and created illustrated storybooks that used students’ names as characters, said, “I’m shocked to see that they can create the materials in a matter of seconds. I don’t think I could go back to the way I did things before.” Having seen how helpful the AI tools are, another attendee raised a concern, “Are we going to be replaced by AI?” That remains to be seen. But to help the nation’s 4 million teachers to use the technology, teachers unions have formed an unlikely partnership with the world’s largest technology companies such as Microsoft, OpenAI and Anthropic. The two groups don’t always see eye to eye but say they share a common goal: training the future workforce of America. “Like it or not, AI is part of our world,” said Daaiyah Bilal, an official of The National Education Association (NEA), the country’s largest teachers union. “We are preparing kids for the future. That is our primary job.” Under the arrangement announced in July, NEA is planning to build an AI training center in New York City that will offer virtual and in-person workshops for teachers. The goal is to open at least two more centers and train 400,000 teachers over the next five years. Tech companies also see opportunities in education beyond training teachers. Microsoft announced a $4 billion initiative for AI research and training. It includes a program that will give all school districts and community colleges in Washington, Microsoft’s home state, free access to its CoPilot tools. Google said it would commit $1 billion for AI education and job training programs, including free access to its Gemini for education platforms for US high schools. 1. Which word best describes Celeste Simone’s attitude to the AI tools? A. Concerned. B. Cautious. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful. 2. What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Complain. B. Agree. C. Invest. D. Negotiate. 3. What can we know about the AI training center in New York City? A. It will offer online and in-person training. B. It is one of the existing three training centers. C. It is funded by one of the big tech companies. D. It has already accepted 50 educators for trial. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The cooperation among tech companies. B. An introduction to the NEA agreement. C. The competition between teachers unions. D. A reason for tech companies’ generosity. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美国教师参与人工智能教学研讨会及相关合作与培训计划的情况。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I’m shocked to see that they can create the materials in a matter of seconds. I don’t think I could go back to the way I did things before. (看到它们能在几秒钟内制作出教学材料，我感到很震惊。我觉得我再也回不到以前的工作方式了。)”可知，Celeste Simone对人工智能工具的效率十分认可，甚至不想再用原来的教学方式，态度是赞同支持的。故选C项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The two groups don’t always see eye to eye but say they share a common goal: training the future workforce of America. (这两个群体并不总是see eye to eye，但他们表示有着共同的目标：培养美国未来的劳动力。)”可知，前后分句存在转折关系，后半句强调“有共同目标”，前半句则应表示“意见不一致”，由此推测see eye to eye意为“意见一致”。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“NEA is planning to build an AI training center in New York City that will offer virtual and in-person workshops for teachers. (美国国家教育协会计划在纽约市建立一个人工智能培训中心，为教师提供线上和线下的研讨会。)”可知，纽约的人工智能培训中心会提供线上和线下两种培训模式。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第七段中的“Tech companies also see opportunities in education beyond training teachers. Microsoft announced a $4 billion initiative for AI research and training... Google said it would commit $1 billion for AI education and job training programs (科技公司在教育培训之外也看到了教育领域的机遇。微软宣布了一项40亿美元的人工智能研究和培训计划…… 谷歌表示将投入 10 亿美元用于人工智能教育和职业培训项目)”等内容可知，该段主要介绍了科技公司在人工智能教育领域的投入和举措，解释了它们加大投入的原因是看到了教育领域的机遇。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·河北唐县·一模） When Jen Park was a teenager growing up in Republic of Korea, she was the oldest child in a family with two working parents. She remembers taking on responsibilities that made her feel older than her peers. “I learned to grow up at an early age,” Park explains. “When I was14, I’d pick my younger brother up from school. I’d be in charge of checking his homework and making sure that he was fed until our parents got home.” That early experience led Park, a Stanford Graduate School of Business student working toward a PhD in marketing, to become interested in how people’s perception of their own age can influence their actions. Being old and feeling old aren’t the same thing, Park explains. Perception of your age isn’t necessarily based upon your date of birth. Instead, it tends to be fluid, varying from situation to situation and influenced by the actual age of the people around you. “Social comparison can really shift how old you feel,” Park explains. “If I interact with students who are young millennials, I feel older, which is a contrast to how I feel interacting with senior colleagues.” In one field study, Park and her team organized a food-bank donation drive at local farmers’ markets. In some instances, they used teenage volunteers to collect the money, a method of making participants feel older. In other instances, the volunteers were in their 50s, so that many of the donors might feel younger. “We found that when people are nudged (引导) to feel older, they feel more responsibility,” Park says. “It’s like the society is on our shoulders. We feel like we’ re expected to make this world better for the next generation.” Organizations involved in social causes might utilize (利用) the new insights about subjective age to maximize their fundraising efforts. “If you want to create an older subjective age among the audience you’re trying to reach, utilizing younger volunteers might help,” Park says. 5. What primarily inspired Park’s present research? A. Family trust. B. Growth experiences. C. Job requirements. D. Parental behaviors. 6. What will shape a person’s subjective age according to Park? A. Social surroundings. B. Official birth records. C. Academic qualifications. D. Physical aging behaviors. 7. What was the main purpose of the food- bank donation study? A. To evaluate teenagers’ fundraising efficiency. B. To assess the locals’ donation ability. C. To test age perception’s impact on duty. D. To measure volunteers’ fundraising paths. 8. How could social organizations apply Park’s findings to their benefit? A. By asking the audience about their age before events. B. By training senior volunteers to influence younger donors. C. By ensuring age-matching between volunteers and donors. D. By employing young volunteers to make them feel mature. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍学者朴仁珍关于主观年龄感知影响人们行为的研究背景、结论及应用价值。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That early experience led Park, a Stanford Graduate School of Business student working toward a PhD in marketing, to become interested in how people’s perception of their own age can influence their actions.(这段早年的经历，让正在斯坦福商学院攻读市场营销博士学位的朴仁珍，开始对人们的自我年龄感知如何影响行为产生了兴趣)”可知，启发朴仁珍开展当前研究的核心因素是她的成长经历。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead, it tends to be fluid, varying from situation to situation and influenced by the actual age of the people around you. “Social comparison can really shift how old you feel,” Park explains.(相反，它往往是灵活多变的，会因场景不同而变化，且受身边人实际年龄的影响。朴仁珍解释道：“社会比较确实会改变一个人的年龄感。”)”可知，塑造一个人主观年龄的因素是社会环境。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的实验设计——安排青少年志愿者或50多岁的志愿者引导捐赠，以及实验结论“We found that when people are nudged to feel older, they feel more responsibility (我们发现，当人们被引导产生更年长的感觉时，会生出更强的责任感)”可知，这项食物银行捐赠研究的主要目的是测试年龄感知对责任感的影响。故选C项。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Organizations involved in social causes might utilize (利用) the new insights about subjective age to maximize their fundraising efforts. “If you want to create an older subjective age among the audience you’ re trying to reach, utilizing younger volunteers might help,” Park says.(从事社会公益事业的组织可以利用这项关于主观年龄的全新研究成果，来最大化提升筹款成效。“如果你希望让目标受众产生更强烈的年长感，那么启用年轻志愿者或许会有所帮助。” 朴仁珍如此表示)”可知，社会组织若要应用朴仁珍的研究成果，可通过匹配志愿者与捐赠者的年龄来引导受众的主观年龄感知，进而提升筹款效果。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2026·湖北襄阳·一模） Under the autumn sky of Tuohula Xinjiang, golden rice stalks sway gently. Ayinigeer Tuoheti, a 28-year-old computer science graduate, wanders through the fields, checking the ripening crop. Her digital skills are bridging the divide between her family’s traditional rice business and the modern age. In 2020, Ayinigeer returned home to assist her father — who’d built a 1994 rice processing plant but his health weakened and struggled with business communications. She found the family’s work stuck in the backward reality: the ledger book, handwritten records, and carbon paper. She resolved to transform the business. First, she turned their small farmer cooperative into a company. Exploiting her computer background, she automated invoicing, inventory, and order processing, shifting all work to electronic systems. To secure high-quality rice, she partnered with over 120 households, who transferred the management rights of their land to her company. Her company provided seeds and training, bought harvests above market prices, and shared profits-boosting farmers’ incomes while ensuring premium raw materials. In 2023, she tried livestreaming on electronic sales platform. With a smartphone, she presented viewers with local rice fields, processing plants, and family meals with their local products. The initial phase was tough, but local governments trained her in livestreaming skills. Their authenticity won audience: daily orders grew from 12 to hundreds. Now, From March to September this year, they had 180,000 orders through livestreaming, with 7,000 on a single day-that’s nearly 35 tons of rice moving directly from their fields to households across China. The numbers tell the resulting. In early 2024, influencers from across China were reaching out to us, she said. “They wanted to partner with us because our product had proven appealing.” The phenomenal success of Ayinigeer’s livestreaming, however, stems not just from technology, but Tuohula’s rice quality: Wensu’s temperature swings, selenium-rich soil, and Tianshan snow melt water make it sweet and aromatic. Local farming is 98% mechanized, and a 1998 seed base (investing 1 million yuan yearly) develops high-quality varieties-including the seeds Ayinigeer uses. 9. What did Ayinigeer do first to improve the family business? A. She started livestreaming on Douyin. B. She modernized the operation system. C. She partnered with over 120 local households. D. She inspected crops personally. 10. Why could Ayinigeer’s sales model attract viewers? A. She offered very low rice prices. B. She used professional broadcasting equipment. C. She presented authentic rice production scenes. D. She accumulated many followers before livestreaming. 11. What can we infer about Tuohula’s rice? A. It is popular all over the world. B. Local natural conditions contributed to its popularity. C. It is only sold in southern Xinjiang. D. Its production cost is much lower than average. 12. Which is the most appropriate title? A. Digital Skills Revive Hometown Rice B. Livestreaming Makes Rice Famous C. Graduate Succeeds in Rice Business D. Quality Rice Boosts Agriculture 【答案】9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新疆托乎拉地区毕业生Ayinigeer用数字技术振兴家乡稻米产业的故事。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“First, she turned their small farmer cooperative into a company. Exploiting her computer background, she automated invoicing, inventory, and order processing, shifting all work to electronic systems. (首先，她将小型农民合作社转变为公司。利用计算机背景，她实现了发票、库存和订单处理的自动化，将所有工作转移到电子系统。)”可知，她首先做的是“使运营系统现代化”。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“With a smartphone, she presented viewers with local rice fields, processing plants, and family meals with their local products. The initial phase was tough, but local governments trained her in livestreaming skills. Their authenticity won audience: daily orders grew from 12 to hundreds. (她用智能手机向观众展示了当地的稻田、加工厂，以及用当地产品烹制的家庭大餐。最初的阶段很艰难，但当地政府培训了她的直播技能。他们的真实性赢得了观众：每天的订单从12个增加到数百个。)”可知，吸引观众的原因是“呈现真实的稻米生产场景”。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The phenomenal success of Ayinigeer’s livestreaming, however, stems not just from technology, but Tuohula’s rice quality: Wensu’s temperature swings, selenium-rich soil, and Tianshan snowmelt water make it sweet and aromatic. (然而，Ayinigeer直播的巨大成功不仅源于技术，还源于拓乌拉的稻米品质：温宿的温差、富硒土壤和天山融雪水使其香甜可口。)”可推断，当地自然条件促成了稻米的受欢迎。故选B项。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。文章核心是Ayinigeer运用数字技能 (自动化系统、直播销售) 让传统稻米产业焕发新生，A项“Digital Skills Revive Hometown Rice (数字技能振兴家乡稻米)”准确概括了技术与产业复苏的关系，最符合主旨。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2026·广东大湾区·一模） Earth’s biggest problem, according to Douglas Adams, is quite simple: the species of clever ape (猿) that thinks it runs the joint is mostly unhappy most of the time. Computer scientist Cal Newport now adds email to the list of life’s troubles. In his book A World Without Email, he argues this once-brilliant invention has made us suffer. Newport says we’ve become slaves to email trapped in a “hyperactive hive mind” — the reality in which everyone, everywhere, can communicate with everyone else with ease. Studies have shown how dominant email has become in ordinary office life. The average knowledge worker sends and receives 126 emails daily, which ruins focus, making them less productive and more irritable (易怒的). All of this might be bearable but for one problem: the mismatch between modern electronic messaging and our own information-processing capacity. Multitasking is a myth. We can’t think clearly while dealing with an overflowing inbox. We’re wired to prefer real-time conversations, where everyone gets updates together. Back in small tribes (部落), we needed daily chats to feel connected. Now, in a digital world, that ancient urge makes us anxious if we don’t reply to every email instantly. Despite his book’s title, Newport isn’t against all electronic messaging. What drives him to desperation is how we use it. With office workers nodding in hearty agreement, Newport offers some solutions. A German company invented the No Email Day. Productivity went up, even though it shortened the work time. The goal was for everyone to approach their work more deliberately without rushing. Some companies use an application called Trello to allow workers to access the necessary data and decide when to jump in and get things done. Handling email when it’s out of control is like being pecked (啄) by a flock of geese. But changing this won’t be easy. Our need for focused thinking conflicts with the Dopamine Economy — something designed to keep us unable to resist constant messages. Still, Newport thinks regaining control of our time might be the key to being happier at work. 13. What phenomenon does Newport point out in his book? A. Office workers fail to handle daily emails. B. People can contact each other more easily. C. Convenience of modern life comes at a cost. D. Email overload affects efficiency and mood. 14. How does the author develop paragraph 3? A. By giving examples. B. By presenting the history. C. By analyzing the cause. D. By comparing preferences. 15. What does Newport try to illustrate by mentioning the practices of some companies? A. The importance of autonomy at work. B. The necessity to cut working hours. C. The benefit of technological advances. D. The need to follow economic trend. 16. What might be a suitable title for the text? A. Message Overflow B. Email Slavery C. Message Addiction D. Email Craze 【答案】13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机科学家卡尔·纽波特在其著作中提出的观点——电子邮件这一发明虽带来便利，却让人们陷入“邮件奴役”，影响工作效率和情绪，并探讨了相关解决办法。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The average knowledge worker sends and receives 126 emails daily, which ruins focus, making them less productive and more irritable (易怒的). (普通知识工作者每天收发126封电子邮件，这会破坏注意力，使他们效率降低、更易怒)”可知，纽波特在书中指出，电子邮件过载会影响效率和情绪这一现象。故选D项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“All of this might be bearable but for one problem: the mismatch between modern electronic messaging and our own information-processing capacity. Multitasking is a myth. We can’t think clearly while dealing with an overflowing inbox. We’re wired to prefer real-time conversations, where everyone gets updates together. Back in small tribes (部落), we needed daily chats to feel connected. Now, in a digital world, that ancient urge makes us anxious if we don’t reply to every email instantly. (若不是有一个问题，这一切或许还能忍受：现代电子信息传递与我们自身信息处理能力不匹配。多任务处理只是个神话。面对塞满的收件箱，我们无法清晰思考。我们天生更喜欢实时对话，所有人能一起获取最新信息。回到小部落时代，我们需要日常交流来感受联结。如今，在数字世界里，这种古老的渴望让我们若不立即回复每一封邮件就会感到焦虑)”可知，该段先提出核心问题（信息传递与处理能力不匹配），再分析多任务处理的误区、人类对实时交流的天生偏好及古今场景下的心理变化，以此剖析电子邮件带来困扰的原因，是通过分析原因展开段落的。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Despite his book’s title, Newport isn’t against all electronic messaging. What drives him to desperation is how we use it. With office workers nodding in hearty agreement, Newport offers some solutions. A German company invented the No Email Day. Productivity went up, even though it shortened the work time. The goal was for everyone to approach their work more deliberately without rushing. Some companies use an application called Trello to allow workers to access the necessary data and decide when to jump in and get things done. (尽管书名如此，纽波特并非反对所有电子信息传递。让他绝望的是我们使用电子邮件的方式。在上班族们由衷认同的同时，纽波特提出了一些解决方案。一家德国公司设立了“无邮件日”，尽管缩短了工作时间，效率却提高了。其目的是让每个人更从容地处理工作，而不是匆忙行事。一些公司使用一款名为Trello的应用程序，让员工可以获取必要的数据，并决定何时投入工作、完成任务)”可知，纽波特提及部分公司的做法（无邮件日、使用Trello应用），是为了说明这些方案能让员工自主决定工作节奏，体现了工作自主性的重要性。故选A项。 【16题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Computer scientist Cal Newport now adds email to the list of life’s troubles. In his book A World Without Email, he argues this once-brilliant invention has made us suffer.(计算机科学家卡尔·纽波特（Cal Newport）现在将电子邮件添加到生活烦恼的列表中。在他的《没有电子邮件的世界》一书中，他认为这个曾经辉煌的发明让我们受苦。)”、第二段中“Newport says we’ve become slaves to email trapped in a “hyperactive hive mind”(纽波特说，我们已经成为电子邮件的奴隶，陷入了“过度活跃的蜂群思维”。)”并结合全文内容可知，文章围绕纽波特的观点展开，核心是电子邮件让人们陷入过度活跃的群体思维，成为邮件的奴隶，影响效率和情绪，并介绍了相关解决办法。B项“邮件奴役”精准概括了文章核心主旨，贴合原文中“slaves to email”的表述，适合作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·安徽芜湖·一模） A few years ago, I had the opportunity to go on a wildlife tour in southern Africa where our spotlight lit up a smaller hunter — African wildcat. The more I thought about those African wildcats, the more I’ve been amazed at their evolutionary (进化的) success. The African wildcat is the ancestor of our beloved household pets. And despite changing very little, their descendants have become among the world’s two most popular companion animals — cats and dogs. Household cats are quite expressive to their human companions, using different meows (喵) to communicate different messages. However, this is not an example of their treating us as part of their kind. Quite the contrary, cats rarely meow to one another. The sound of these meows has evolved to more effectively communicate with us. Cats similarly manipulate people with their purrs (呼噜声). When they want something, they purr extra loudly. And this purr is not the pleasant purring of a content cat, but a higher-pitched electric saw br-rr-oom demanding attention. Scientists digitally compared the sound qualities of the two types of purrs and discovered that the major difference is that the demanding purr includes a part very similar to the sound of a human baby crying. People, of course, are born to pay special attention to this sound, and cats have evolved to take advantage of this sensitivity to get our attention. Of course, that won’t surprise anyone who’s lived with a cat. Although cats are very trainable — they’re very food motivated — cats usually train us more than we train them. As the old saying goes, “Dogs have owners, cats have staff.” 1. What does the underlined word “descendants” mean? A. Relatives. B. Ancestors. C. Previous owners. D. Later generations. 2. What does meowing of household cats indicate? A. It’s a skill they use to communicate with humans. B. It’s a way they communicate with cats. C. It’s less expressive than wildcats’ meowing. D. It indicates cats see humans as their kind. 3. What is the difference between two types of purr? A. The demanding purr is more pleasant. B. The demanding purr sounds like a baby’s cry. C. The content purr sounds like an electric saw. D. The content purr is harder to hear. 4. Which statement is true according to the last paragraph? A. Cats see humans as owners. B. Cats and dogs are equally loyal. C. Humans are like staff to cats. D. Humans train cats more. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以非洲野猫是家猫的祖先为切入点，介绍了家养猫咪的交流方式，包括不同的喵叫声和呼噜声的进化意义，以及猫咪实则更擅长“训练”人类的有趣特点。 【1题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句“The African wildcat is the ancestor of our beloved household pets. (非洲野猫是我们心爱的家养宠物的祖先)”可知，前半句讲非洲野猫作为祖先几乎无变化，后半句应衔接其“后代”成为家养宠物，“descendants”与“ancestor (祖先)”形成对应，意为“后代”。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Household cats are quite expressive to their human companions, using different meows (喵) to communicate different messages. However, this is not an example of their treating us as part of their kind. Quite the contrary, cats rarely meow to one another. The sound of these meows has evolved to more effectively communicate with us.(家猫对人类主人的表达欲十分强烈，会发出不同的叫声来传递不同的信息。但这并不意味着它们将我们视作同类。恰恰相反，猫咪之间极少会互相叫唤，这些叫声是为了更有效地与人类沟通而慢慢演化形成的)”可知，家养猫咪的喵叫声并非用于同类交流，而是进化后和人类交流的技能。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Scientists digitally compared the sound qualities of the two types of purrs and discovered that the major difference is that the demanding purr includes a part very similar to the sound of a human baby crying.(科学家通过数字手段对比了两种呼噜声的音质，发现主要区别在于带有诉求的呼噜声中有一部分和人类婴儿的哭声非常相似)”可知，文中提到带有诉求的呼噜声是类似电锯的尖锐声音，并非令人愉悦的，而满足的呼噜声是令人愉悦的。故选B项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Of course, that won’t surprise anyone who’s lived with a cat. Although cats are very trainable — they’re very food motivated — cats usually train us more than we train them. As the old saying goes, “Dogs have owners, cats have staff.”(当然，和猫咪一起生活过的人对此都不会感到意外。猫咪其实很容易训练——它们会被食物所驱动——但通常都是猫咪在训练我们，而非我们训练它们。就像那句老话所说：“狗有主人，猫有铲屎官。”)” 可知，猫咪将人类当作为其服务的“铲屎官”；文中表明狗有主人，而猫并非将人类视为主人，且未提及猫狗的忠诚度对比，同时明确说明猫咪更擅长训练人类，并非人类训练猫咪更多。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2026·广东汕尾·一模） For thousands of years, there’s been a common belief in Western culture about emotions that they come on fast and uncontrollable. But a new study that has looked at what’s going on inside the brain and the body during specific emotional states has found that the theory doesn’t hold up. For example, you’re walking in the woods, and you see a bear. You recognize it’s a bear. Then what happens? Previously, researchers thought that the fear touches off a series of physical and emotional responses so that your heart rate rises, your breath quickens and the adrenaline (肾上腺素)levels increase in your body and you are well-prepared to run away and live another day. But the new study has drawn a totally different conclusion: The brain recognizes a bear, and then that recognition leads to all the physiological responses. In other words, to make the decision, your brain takes into account your past experiences and your memories. This step is key. For instance, if your past experiences with bears come largely through news reports of attacks, then your brain will likely interpret your physiological responses as fear. This emotion will help drive you away from the bear in order to live another day. But what if you are a hunter? And your past experience with a bear ended in a wonderful feast for you and your neighbors. Then your brain may interpret the physiological responses as excitement. This positive emotion will drive you toward the bear in order to bring home dinner. The study concludes that the chosen emotion not only helps the brain make sense of these signals, but it also helps the brain predict better the immediate future and how to handle the situation at hand. Understanding how these predictions work helps us realize that emotions aren’t uncontrollable reactions to particular situations. Next week, we’ll see how to control our emotions in different situations. 5. According to the common belief in Western culture, what is our first reaction to a bear? A. We will feel frightened. B. Our heart will beat very slowly. C. We will control our breath. D. Less adrenaline will be produced. 6. What will help us put our emotions under control according to the new study? A. Our personality. B. Our daily needs. C. Our experiences. D. Our nerve system. 7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To prove a theory right. B. To introduce a new discovery. C. To provide some advice. D. To call for wildlife protection. 8. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A news report. B. A textbook. C. A test result. D. A lecture. 【答案】5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍西方传统情绪观点被新研究推翻，揭示大脑认知主导情绪反应的新发现。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For thousands of years, there’s been a common belief in Western culture about emotions that they come on fast and uncontrollable. (数千年来，西方文化中有一种关于情绪的普遍观点，即情绪来得快且不受控制)”以及第三段中的“Previously, researchers thought that the fear touches off a series of physical and emotional responses so that your heart rate rises, your breath quickens and the adrenaline levels increase in your body  and you are well-prepared to run away and live another day. (此前，研究人员认为恐惧会引发一系列生理和情绪反应，导致心率加快、呼吸急促、体内肾上腺素水平升高，你已经准备好逃跑，再活一天)”可知，结合西方传统观点和旧有研究认知，人们看到熊的第一反应是产生不受控制的恐惧。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In other words, to make the decision, your brain takes into account your past experiences and your memories. This step is key. (换句话说，为了做出决定，你的大脑会考虑你过去的经历和记忆。这一步至关重要)”可知，过往的经历和记忆会主导大脑对生理反应的解读，进而决定情绪，这也是掌控情绪的关键。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But a new study that has looked at what’s going on inside the brain and the body during specific emotional states has found that the theory doesn’t hold up. (但一项针对特定情绪状态下大脑和身体内部变化的新研究发现，这一理论并不成立)”以及全文围绕新研究结论展开阐述的内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍这项关于情绪产生机制的新发现。故选B项。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Next week, we’ll see how to control our emotions in different situations. (下周，我们将探讨如何在不同情况下控制自己的情绪)”可知，文章结尾有对后续内容的预告，这种表述方式常见于讲座文稿。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2026·南京二十九中·一模） Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology. The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. When activated, these cells trigger an instant alarm response, causing the body to react as if it’s been burned. This begs the question: why would we enjoy a feeling signaling potential danger? The enjoyment of spicy food is learned through adaptation of the nervous system. Initially,the brain misinterprets the capsaicin-caused heat as a potential threat, triggering an alarm-like response. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable,transforming the initial pain into a form of“benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure. Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate. So, what can you do if the spice becomes overwhelming? Since capsaicin is fat- soluble,water is ineffective because it only spreads the compound. Dairy products like milk or yogurt are far better solutions — the fat and protein in them combine with the capsaicin and carry it away. 9. Why does eating chili peppers give people the burning feeling? A. Capsaicin briefly hurts taste buds. B. Chilli peppers bring potential danger. C. Capsaicin triggers the reaction of TRPV1. D. Chilli peppers raise the body’s temperature. 10. Which experience is most similar to enjoying spicy food? A. Listening to music. B. Smoking cigarettes. C. Exploring the Antarctic. D. Watching a horror film. 11. What does building a high spice tolerance involve? A. Conscious efforts. B. Genetic adaptation. C. Blocking spiciness signals. D. Keeping receptors from responding. 12. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Capsaicin’s Trick: A False Burning Alarm B. The Spice Lover’s Dilemma: Pleasure in Pain C. The Body’s Signal: Physical Reactions to Spice D. The Art of Endurance: Building Spice Tolerance 【答案】9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文解释人们喜爱辣食的原因：辣椒素刺激神经产生灼烧感，经反复接触，大脑将其判定为可控刺激，转化为快感，还介绍了耐辣方法与解辣妙招。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃.(我们从辣椒中感受到的热感源自辣椒素，这是一种植物的化学防御物质。它专门作用于TRPV1受体，该受体存在于伤害感受器（能够感知潜在有害因素，如超过42℃的高温）上)”可知，吃辣椒会让人们产生灼烧感是因为辣椒素会触发TRPV1受体的反应。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable, transforming the initial pain into a form of “benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure.(这种感觉逐渐被重新评估为安全且可控的，从而将最初的痛苦转化为一种“良性受虐狂”的体验。就像乘坐过山车时的刺激感一样，我们所感知到的危险——如今已处于我们的掌控之中——成为了愉悦的一部分)”可知，享受辣食的快感属于“良性受虐”——明知没有实际伤害，却因可控的“危险感”获得刺激，和看恐怖片的体验逻辑一致（恐惧但安全）。故选D。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate.(每个人的耐受度都有所不同。遗传因素会影响人体TRPV1受体对辣椒素的敏感程度。更重要的是，人们能够逐渐形成耐受性，即通过训练让身体和大脑能够更好地应对更高的辣度。随着时间的推移，这些受体自身的反应会减弱，而大脑的预测系统也会变得更加准确)”可知，增强对辛辣食物的耐受能力需要积极主动的努力。故选A。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology.(吃辛辣食物时，会出现流泪、出汗、流鼻涕等生理反应。然而，全球数以百万计的人却热衷于这种令人不适的感觉。其原因并非在于味觉，而是源于我们复杂的神经系统和心理状态)”结合本文解释人们喜爱辣食的原因：辣椒素刺激神经产生灼烧感，经反复接触，大脑将其判定为可控刺激，转化为快感，还介绍了耐辣方法与解辣妙招。可知，B选项“辣味爱好者面临的困境：在痛苦中寻求愉悦”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 4 （2026·安徽芜湖·一模） What did you have for breakfast today? And how did you celebrate your last birthday? When you think back to these events, you’re using episode memory (情景记忆) — the ability to recall personal experiences tied to specific times and places. But how does your brain keep these memories separate without mixing them up? Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the US believe this is thanks to a“memory reset button” in our brainstem. This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps organize and separate our memories. In the study, 36 volunteers took part in a memory task. Lying in an MRI scanner, they were shown a series of pictures of different objects. Meanwhile, several simple tones were played over and over again, first in one ear and then in the other with a different pitch. The pitch change aimed to change the context and create what is known as an event boundary. Event boundaries help the brain organize episode memory by changing our perception and attention. After the experiment, UCLA scientists tested how well the volunteers could recall the order of the pictures. The result showed that it was harder to do when the series of pictures crossed an event boundary. This suggests that changes in sound made the brain store memories separately. What’s more, MRI scans showed that the locus coeruleus became highly active when event boundaries appeared, but not so much otherwise. Earlier research showed that the hippocampus (海马体), helps shape episode memory by both linking events close together in time and separating those further apart. But what tells the hippocampus when to change modes? MRI scans suggest that “the locus coeruleus may provide the critical ‘start’ signal to the hippocampus, as if saying, ‘Hey, we’re in a new event now’,” said Lila Davachi, one of the researchers. The new understanding could lead to better treatment for memory-related problems like Alzheimer’s disease, where the locus coeruleus is overactive. These conditions might be managed by calming the locus coeruleus through medication, slow breathing or even using stress balls. 13. What is the function of the locus coeruleus? A. To create event boundaries. B. To store long-term memories. C. To enhance memory accuracy. D. To help separate memory events. 14. What can be inferred about the “event boundary”? A. It made memory recall easier. B. It broke continuous memory flow. C. It was created by a change in attention. D. It’s controlled only by the hippocampus. 15. What does the author advise people to do about future Alzheimer’s treatment? A. Repair the hippocampus. B. Remove event boundaries. C. Adjust locus coeruleus activity. D. Use MRI scanners almost daily. 16. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How event boundaries separate daily memories. B. The hippocampus links and separates different events. C. The locus coeruleus helps organize episode memories. D. Sound changes create boundaries between memories. 【答案】13. D 14. B 15. C 16. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍美国研究发现，大脑蓝斑核如同记忆重置键，借助事件边界区分组织情景记忆，并与海马体协作，该发现可为阿尔茨海默病等记忆疾病提供治疗新思路。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps organize and separate our memories.(这个被称为“蓝斑核”的小区域，能够帮助我们对记忆进行整理和区分)”可知，蓝斑的作用是有助于区分不同的记忆事件。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The pitch change aimed to change the context and create what is known as an event boundary. Event boundaries help the brain organize episode memory by changing our perception and attention.(这种音调的变化旨在改变语境，并形成所谓的“事件边界”。事件边界能够通过改变我们的感知和注意力，帮助大脑对事件记忆进行组织)”以及第四段“The result showed that it was harder to do when the series of pictures crossed an event boundary. This suggests that changes in sound made the brain store memories separately.(结果表明，当一系列图片跨越了某种事件界限时，完成这项任务就变得更加困难。这表明声音的变化使得大脑将记忆分别进行存储)”可知，“事件边界”中断了连续的记忆流程。故选B。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The new understanding could lead to better treatment for memory-related problems like Alzheimer’s disease, where the locus coeruleus is overactive. These conditions might be managed by calming the locus coeruleus through medication, slow breathing or even using stress balls.(这种新的认识可能会为治疗与记忆相关的问题（如阿尔茨海默病）带来更好的方法，因为在这种病症中，蓝斑会过度活跃。对于这类病症，可以通过药物、缓慢呼吸甚至使用减压球等方式来使蓝斑平静下来，从而进行治疗)”可知，作者建议未来阿尔茨海默病的治疗调整蓝斑的活动。故选C。 【16题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the US believe this is thanks to a“memory reset button” in our brainstem. This small region, called the locus coeruleus (蓝斑核), helps organize and separate our memories.(美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）的科学家们认为，这要归功于我们脑干中的一个“记忆重置按钮”。这个被称为“蓝斑核”的小区域，能够帮助我们对记忆进行整理和区分)”结合本文介绍美国研究发现，大脑蓝斑核如同记忆重置键，借助事件边界区分组织情景记忆，并与海马体协作，该发现可为阿尔茨海默病等记忆疾病提供治疗新思路。可知，这篇文章主要讲了蓝斑有助于对事件记忆进行整理。故选C。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·河北沧州·一模） Much like the plastic straw, six-pack rings are often seen as enemies of the ocean. Though straws and six-pack rings account for only a tiny fraction of all the plastic trash in the ocean, images of unlucky marine animals like sea turtles with plastic straws jammed into their noses or plastic six-pack rings encircling their bodies have aroused public angry reaction against the common items. Saltwater Brewery in Florida came up with a genius way to reduce plastic waste, by making their six-pack rings biodegradable. What is even more amazing is that this type of packaging is completely safe for animals to snack on since they are made from barley (大麦) and wheat ribbons. In an interview, Saltwater Brewery explained how this idea of biodegradable six-pack rings started, “Since our beginning, our goal has been to maintain the world’s greatest wonder by giving back through ocean-based charities, such as Coastal Conservation Association, Surfrider, Ocean Foundation, among many others, and by being the first brewery to package and sell our beer with the Eco Six Pack Rings.” The first eco-friendly six-pack ring made from by-product waste and other compostable materials, is designed to replace plastic rings, which are truly damaging our environment and the animals who live in it. Back in 1987, the Associated Press announced that around one million seabirds and 100,000 marine mammals were killed every year by six-pack rings, a piece of plastic, that we give so little thought to before throwing away. In today’s tragic state of plastic pollution, creating biodegradable single-use packaging is a necessity. Before you buy anything packed in plastic we encourage you to think, that you are holding something that can take up to 1,000 years to dissolve. 1. What are six-pack rings used for? A. Killing sea animals. B. Banding cans of beer. C. Reducing plastic waste. D. Encircling turtles’ bodies. 2. What does the underlined “the world’s greatest wonder” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Charity. B. Plastic. C. Ocean. D. Brewery. 3. Which will you probably turn to in order to spread your ideas of protecting sea life? A. The Saltwater Brewery. B. The Ocean Foundation. C. The Associated Press. D. The Coastal Conservation Association. 4. If we buy something packed in plastic, it is wise for us to ________. A. recycle the packages B. dissolve the packages C. use the packages once D. make six-pack rings 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Saltwater Brewery发明可生物降解的六连环包装来减少塑料垃圾，保护海洋。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“and by being the first brewery to package and sell our beer with the Eco Six Pack Rings.(同时，我们还致力于成为首家使用环保六连环包装并销售啤酒的酿造厂。)”可知，六连环是用来捆绑啤酒罐的。故选B。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Since our beginning, our goal has been to maintain the world’s greatest wonder by giving back through ocean-based charities, such as Coastal Conservation Association, Surfrider, Ocean Foundation, among many others(从一开始，我们的目标就是通过海洋慈善机构回馈社会，维护the world’s greatest wonder，如海岸保护协会、冲浪者协会、海洋基金会等)”可知，该公司的行动围绕保护海洋展开，the world’s greatest wonder指代的是“海洋”。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Back in 1987, the Associated Press announced that around one million seabirds and 100,000 marine mammals were killed every year by six-pack rings, a piece of plastic, that we give so little thought to before throwing away.(早在1987年，美联社就曾报道：每年约有100万只海鸟和10万头海洋哺乳动物死于六联包装环，而我们在丢弃这种塑料制品时几乎毫不在意。)”可知，美联社是新闻媒体机构，具备信息传播功能，因此想要宣传保护海洋生物的理念可以求助于它。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Before you buy anything packed in plastic we encourage you to think, that you are holding something that can take up to 1,000 years to dissolve.(在购买任何塑料包装的东西之前，我们劝你想一想，你拿的东西可能需要1000年才能溶解。)”可知，如果我们买塑料包装的东西，明智的做法是回收包装。故选A。 Passage 2 （2026·河北唐县·一模） Have you ever been at a sporting event or concert and had to reposition to get in the right spot to see the action? Maybe you needed to shift left or right to see between two people. Perhaps you even had to stand on your seat to see over the person in front of you. Well, plants often have to do something similar so that they can “see” as much light as possible. Plants need light to perform photosynthesis—making sugars from water and carbon dioxide in the air to feed themselves. If sunlight is directly above them, plants will grow straight up toward it. Sometimes, it’s not that simple. For example, you might have seen house plants bending towards a window rather than growing straight and tall. When light comes from an angle, plants will curve (弯曲) toward it to get better access to the light they need to grow. Hormones in the plant’s tissues, called auxins, make cells on the dark side of the plant grow taller, bending the plant toward the light. In a forest, plants may branch out so that their leaves are in open patches of sun, rather than in the shade. This often happens if taller bushes and trees tower over them, or if they are growing in a crowd of other plants. It’s much like humans seeking out sunny spots or reaching their hands toward a campfire to warm up when they feel cold outdoors. Other types of plants may not grow straight because they have different strategies. For example, strawberries grow close to the ground and spread sideways by sending out runners — stems that spread out just above the ground to create new plants. Other plants, like ivy, grow as vines that climb up trees, walls and fences. Climbing vines may grow straight, to the side or at angles, depending on what kinds of support structures they find to grow on. The next time you see a plant growing straight, take notice of whether light is directly above it. Or if you see a plant that’s not straight, notice whether it’s bending toward light coming from the direction it’s facing. 5. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To present scientific data. B. To explain plants’ urgent needs. C. To create a familiar comparison. D. To describe plant growth patterns. 6. Why do plants require sufficient light? A. To produce their own food. B. To absorb water efficiently. C. To release carbon dioxide. D. To strengthen root systems. 7. What might forest plants do when shaded? A. Swing to save energy. B. Adjust leaf angles frequently. C. Position leaves in sunny spots. D. Increase their growth speed rapidly. 8. What is the text mainly about? A. Forest ecosystem conservation. B. Plant behaviors in crowded spaces. C. The process of photosynthesis in detail. D. Plant adaptation for light access. 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是植物为获取光照所做出的适应性行为的相关信息。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever been at a sporting event or concert and had to reposition to get in the right spot to see the action? Maybe you needed to shift left or right to see between two people. Perhaps you even had to stand on your seat to see over the person in front of you.(你是否曾在体育赛事或音乐会现场，为了找到合适的位置看清赛况或演出而挪动过位置？也许你需要向左或向右移动，以便从两个人之间的空隙看过去。甚至，你可能还得站在座位上，才能越过前面的人看到。)”和第二段“Well, plants often have to do something similar so that they can “see” as much light as possible.(嗯，植物常常也得做类似的事情，以便尽可能多地“看见”阳光。)”可知，第一段的目的是进行一个熟悉的类比。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Plants need light to perform photosynthesis—making sugars from water and carbon dioxide in the air to feed themselves.(植物需要光来进行光合作用——利用水和空气中的二氧化碳制造糖类来为自己提供养分。)”可知，植物需要充足的光照是为了给自己制造食物。故选A。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In a forest, plants may branch out so that their leaves are in open patches of sun, rather than in the shade.(在森林里，植物可能会分枝生长，让叶子处于阳光能直射的开阔区域，而非阴暗处。)”可知，森林里的植物在处于阴凉处时会将叶子置于阳光充足的地方。故选C。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“If sunlight is directly above them, plants will grow straight up toward it. Sometimes, it’s not that simple. For example, you might have seen house plants bending towards a window rather than growing straight and tall. When light comes from an angle, plants will curve (弯曲) toward it to get better access to the light they need to grow.(如果阳光正好在它们上方，植物就会笔直地向上生长。但有时情况并非如此简单。例如，你可能见过室内盆栽朝着窗户弯曲生长，而不是笔直挺拔地生长。当光线从某个角度射来时，植物会朝着光线弯曲生长，以便更好地获取生长所需的光照。)”可知，本文主要讲的是植物为获取光照所做出的适应性行为的相关信息，因此本文的主旨是D选项“Plant adaptation for light access.(植物为获取光照所做的适应。)”。故选D。 Passage 3 （2026·安徽淮北·一模） According to a recent discovery, a female mosquito’s blood-sucking feeding tube (口器) makes for a great high-resolution 3D printer spray tip. A team of researchers at McGill University in Montréal was looking for ideas to create a tiny, low-cost, and sustainable 3D printing tip, and this mosquito body part seems to be almost perfect for the job. TechXplore reports that these tips can be used for 3D printing extremely fine objects, with smooth surfaces, ideal for air and space industries, dentistry, and biomedical research. Such high-precision 3D printing tips usually come at a high cost. The source suggests they are typically priced at around $80 per tip. Moreover, current commercial tips that meet this standard are made of either non-biodegradable plastic or metal. We’ve seen plenty of interesting bio-inspired technologies ahead of this new method from McGill. But this new printing method is not simply bio-inspired but reuses natural body parts. The researchers studied other biological donors before settling on the mosquito. Stingers from bees, sharp teeth from snakes, water-carrying tubes in plants, and even tiny needles from insects like snails were alternative high-resolution 3D printing options, but the female mosquito’s feeding tube won the day. The female mosquito’s tube has many qualities that make it well-suited for 3D printing. According to the researchers, its inner width is just 20 micrometers. This is 100% finer than the best human-made tips. These biodegradable tips are also remarkably straight, and stable. However, printing tips are improved by using 3D-printed supporting structures to help fix the problem of low mechanical strength. The McGill scientists said their work paves the way for fresh advances in manufacturing and micro-engineering supported by 3D printing. They haven’t settled yet, though, and will continue to look into other natural options for stronger and finer 3D printing tips. 9. Why did the researchers explore mosquito body parts? A. To test insects’ biological functions. B. To reduce the use of metal materials. C. To design a more affordable 3D printer. D. To develop a 3D printer that works fast. 10. What is the purpose of mentioning other animals in paragraph 3? A. To demonstrate the biodiversity in nature. B. To explain how insects are used in engineering. C. To compare the feeding habits of different animals. D. To highlight the process of selecting the final solution. 11. What feature makes the mosquito’s tube suitable for 3D printing? A. Its ability to change shape freely. B. Its particularly narrow inner width. C. Its resistance to severe temperatures. D. Its naturally high mechanical strength. 12. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the research? A. It has already reached its final stage. B. It no longer relies on biological materials. C. It will soon replace commercial printing tips. D. It could open doors to new fine-scale manufacturing. 【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究发现雌性蚊子的口器可作为高精度 3D 打印机喷头，其精细度优于人造喷头，可降解且低成本，经改进后适用多领域，研究团队仍在探索更优天然选项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A team of researchers at McGill University in Montréal was looking for ideas to create a tiny, low-cost, and sustainable 3D printing tip, and this mosquito body part seems to be almost perfect for the job.(蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学的一组研究人员正在寻找方法来制造一种小巧、成本低廉且可持续的 3D 打印头，而这种蚊子的身体部位似乎非常适合这项任务)”可知，研究人员探究蚊子的身体部位是为了设计一款价格更亲民的3D打印机。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers studied other biological donors before settling on the mosquito. Stingers from bees, sharp teeth from snakes, water-carrying tubes in plants, and even tiny needles from insects like snails were alternative high-resolution 3D printing options, but the female mosquito’s feeding tube won the day.(研究人员在选定蚊子作为生物供体之前，还研究了其他一些生物供体。蜜蜂的刺、蛇的尖牙、植物中的输水管道，甚至蜗牛等昆虫身上的微小针头，都是其他高分辨率 3D 打印的替代选择，但雌性蚊子的吸食管最终胜出)”可知，在第三段中提及其他动物的目的是强调选择最终解决方案的过程。故选D。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“According to the researchers, its inner width is just 20 micrometers. This is 100% finer than the best human-made tips.(据研究人员介绍，其内部宽度仅为20微米。这比目前人类制造的最细的尖端还要细100%)”可知，内部极窄的宽度特性使得蚊子的管状结构适合进行3D打印。故选B。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The McGill scientists said their work paves the way for fresh advances in manufacturing and micro-engineering supported by 3D printing. They haven’t settled yet, though, and will continue to look into other natural options for stronger and finer 3D printing tips.(麦吉尔大学的科学家们表示，他们的研究为基于 3D 打印技术的制造业和微工程领域的新突破铺平了道路。不过，他们目前尚未得出最终结论，还将继续探索其他天然材料作为更坚固、更精细的 3D 打印针头的替代方案)”可知，这项研究有可能为新型精细制造技术打开新的应用空间。故选D。 Passage 4 （2026·广东大湾区·一模） Colorful songbirds known as honeycreepers were once common in Hawaii. However, these native creatures are now struggling to survive because of avian malaria, a deadly disease spread by invasive (侵袭的) mosquitoes. Of the more than 50 species that once lived throughout the islands, just 17 remain today. Now, scientists have come up with a clever plan to help the birds. They are using drones to drop thousands of lab-grown, non-biting male mosquitoes engineered to carry a type of bacteria called Wolbachia that acts as mosquito birth control. When these special males mate with wild females, the resulting eggs will not hatch, which should reduce the overall mosquito population and give the birds a much-needed break. Since the “Birds, Not Mosquitoes” (BNM) project was started in 2023, over 40 million such mosquitoes have been released. Most of the mosquito drops have been made from helicopters. But recently, scientists began experimenting with eight-foot-long drones. A drone can’t carry as many mosquitoes as a helicopter can — just 23,000 compared to 250,000 — but it’s safer, because it doesn’t require any humans to be on board. Drones are also easier to arrange at a moment’s notice, which is a major benefit in an area with often unpredictable weather. The mosquitoes are being dropped inside small capsules. Each capsule contains roughly 1,000 males, which are kept alive inside a temperature-controlled transport box attached to the drone. Once released, they “fall to the forest floor where they provide protection to the mosquitoes until they’re ready to fly away,” says Adam Knox, a drone pilot involved in the project. “The capsules then begin to break down once exposed to wind and rain,” he adds. This technique, previously used against human diseases, marks its first wildlife-saving application. With climate change pushing mosquitoes to higher altitudes — the last shelter for honeycreepers, time is running out. Several of the remaining honeycreeper species are highly endangered. Some die after a single bite from an infected mosquito. Thus, curbing the mosquito population with methods like the BNM project may be the birds’ only chance to survive. 13. What can be learnt about honeycreepers from paragraph 1? A. They spread avian malaria to mosquitoes. B. A mosquito-borne disease threatens them. C. Thirty-three species of them have died out. D. They are losing habitats to native creatures. 14. What led to the shift to a new carrier in the project? A. Its success in previous similar projects. B. Its expanded carrying capacity and range. C. Its superior operational safety and flexibility. D. Its adaptability to various weather conditions. 15. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. How to protect mosquitoes from diseases. B. How to deliver the lab-grown mosquitoes. C. How to lessen the project’s impact on nature. D. How to control the temperature of containers. 16. What does the underlined word “curbing” in the last paragraph mean? A. Wiping out. B. Keeping track of. C. Coexisting with. D. Keeping under control. 【答案】13. B 14. C 15. B 16. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了夏威夷蜜旋木雀因入侵蚊子传播的禽疟疾濒危，科学家用无人机投放含特殊细菌的雄蚊控蚊量，该技术首次用于野生动物保护，而蜜旋木雀的生存已刻不容缓。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, these native creatures are now struggling to survive because of avian malaria, a deadly disease spread by invasive (侵袭的) mosquitoes. (然而，这些本土生物如今正因由入侵蚊子传播的致命疾病禽疟疾而难以生存。)”可知，一种蚊媒疾病正威胁着蜜旋木雀的生存。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“A drone can’t carry as many mosquitoes as a helicopter can — just 23,000 compared to 250,000 — but it’s safer, because it doesn’t require any humans to be on board. Drones are also easier to arrange at a moment’s notice, which is a major benefit in an area with often unpredictable weather. (无人机不能像直升机那样携带那么多蚊子——只有23000只，而直升机则可携带约250 000只——但它更安全，因为它不需要任何人在飞机上。无人机也更容易随时安排，这在天气经常不可预测的地区是一个主要的好处。)”可知，无人机操作更安全、灵活性更强，这是项目更换投放载体的原因。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The mosquitoes are being dropped inside small capsules. Each capsule contains roughly 1,000 males, which are kept alive inside a temperature-controlled transport box attached to the drone. (这些蚊子被装在小胶囊中投放。每个胶囊大约装有1000只雄蚊，它们被养在无人机上的温控运输箱中维持生命。)”及后续内容可知，本段主要介绍实验室培育的蚊子的投放方式。故选B项。 【16题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Thus, curbing the mosquito population with methods like the BNM project may be the birds’ only chance to survive. (因此，通过“鸟类而非蚊子项目”这类方法来curbing蚊子数量，可能是这些鸟类仅存的生存机会。)”并结合前文可知，蚊子数量得到控制，夏威夷蜜旋木雀才可能生存，划线词curbing意为“控制”。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·河北唐县·一模） Effective communication is the foundation of high-performing organizations, particularly in an era of remote work and digital tools. Yet many leaders fail to set clear communication norms (规范), resulting in burnout, wasted time, and reduced productivity. Consider these breakdowns. A colleague misses an urgent call because the message was sent via Slack (a team collaboration tool), which they rarely check. A leader preparing for a meeting receives five inconsistent reports from five different units. These examples illustrate the friction that arises when communication norms are unclear. As AI-assisted writing becomes more common, it is even more critical to establish clear norms that prioritize readability. Research shows that recipients often feel pressured to respond faster than expected, and some messages requiring quick decisions go unnoticed for days. To prevent these mismatches,organizations should establish clear response times across different communication channels.Besides response speed, teams must also clarify when employees are expected to engage. Some organizations establish“quiet hours” to delay messages outside of working hours so that leaders foster (培养) a work culture that balances responsiveness with well-being. In the book Writing for Busy Readers: Communicate More Effectively in the RealWorld, six science-based principles are presented. The core idea? Brevity. In one experiment, researchers randomly assigned 7,000 leaders to receive either a 129-word request to complete a survey or a 49-word one. When both versions were tested with an independent group, the longer one was widely assumed to be more effective. But the data told a different story — cutting words nearly doubled the response rate. However, writing less isn’t always the better approach. For instance, a 3,000-word report might be more reader-friendly, but 6,500 words could be interpreted as the writer doing a more thorough job. In this case, less could still be more effective, but more could be seen as better. So effective communication isn’t just about writing less — it’s about making reading easier.But ease looks different in different settings. That’s why teams should define their communication norms to ensure clarity and consistency so organizations can solidify them across their teams and workflows. 1. What causes the breakdowns in the examples? A. Over-reliance on AI-assisted writing. B. Disorganization of business units. C. Lack of communication consistency. D. Inharmonious relationships at work. 2. How can organizations get expected responses? A. By shifting to offline communication. B. By clarifying specific response times. C. By using a single communication channel. D. By fostering a competitive work discipline. 3. What does the underlined word “Brevity” in paragraph 4 mean probably? A. Accuracy. B. Emphasis. C. Briefness. D. Comparison. 4. Why does the author mention the reports in paragraph 5? A. To explain writing less doesn’t always work. B. To criticize the restriction on the word limit. C. To illustrate writing a report is demanding. D. To encourage researchers to do a thorough study. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有效沟通对高效组织的重要性，指出许多组织因缺乏清晰沟通规范而出现问题，进而探讨了建立沟通规范的方法、简洁沟通的原则及特殊情况，强调需结合场景制定沟通规范以保障清晰连贯。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These examples illustrate the friction that arises when communication norms are unclear.(这些例子说明了当沟通规范不明确时出现的摩擦)”可知，例子中沟通出现问题的原因是缺乏清晰一致的沟通规范。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To prevent these mismatches, organizations should establish clear response times across different communication channels.(为了防止这些不匹配情况，组织应在不同沟通渠道建立明确的回复时间)”可知，组织通过明确具体回复时间能获得预期的回应。故选B项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“In one experiment, researchers randomly assigned 7,000 leaders to receive either a 129-word request to complete a survey or a 49-word one. When both versions were tested with an independent group, the longer one was widely assumed to be more effective. But the data told a different story — cutting words nearly doubled the response rate.(在一项实验中，研究人员将7000名领导者随机分组，让其中一组收到一份129词的调查填写请求，另一组则收到一份49词的版本。当这两个版本交由另一组独立人群进行测试时，大多数人都认为篇幅更长的那个版本效果会更好。但实验数据却揭示了截然不同的结果 —— 精简文字内容后，反馈率几乎翻了一番)”可知，实验证明精简文字效果更好，由此可推测Brevity意为“简洁”，与Briefness意思相近。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段开头“However, writing less isn’t always the better approach.(然而，写得少并不总是更好的方法)”及后文提到的“For instance, a 3,000-word report might be more reader-friendly, but 6,500 words could be interpreted as the writer doing a more thorough job.(一份3000字的报告可能更易于阅读，但6500字可能会被认为作者工作更彻底)”可知，作者提及报告是为了举例说明写得少并非在所有情况下都适用。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏南通·一模） Ask Google’s AI video tool to create a film of a time-travelling doctor who flies around in a blue British phone booth and the result, unsurprisingly, resembles (类似) Doctor Who. And if you ask OpenAI’s technology to do the same, a similar thing happens. What’s wrong with that, you may think? The answer could be one of the biggest issues AI chiefs face as their era-defining technology becomes ever more widespread in our lives. Google and OpenAI’s generative artificial intelligence is supposed to be just that — generative, meaning it develops novel answers to our questions. But how much of that output is original? The problem is working out how much AI tools like Sora 2 and Veo 3 rely on someone else’s art to come up with their own inventions. One firm, however, claims to be able to shine a light on the issue. TraceID by Vermillio can detect the percentage to which AI-generated content is based on copyrighted materials. One of the platform’s abilities is to create neural fingerprints for brands, characters or other IP. These fingerprints act as digital identifiers that map the unique characteristics of a given piece of content. By comparing this fingerprint against AI-generated content, it can determine how much the new content overlaps (重合) with the original, offering a percentage-based match. The research showcases this process in action, using well-known films such as Doctor Who and James Bond as case studies. The findings? Sora matched up to 62% with James Bond fingerprint, Google’s Veo 3 matched 80% to Doctor Who fingerprint, implying that they have leaned heavily on copyright-protected work to produce its output. Many creative professionals demand compensation and an end to unauthorized use of their work until permissions are granted. They argue AI tools build on their work without remuneration, producing competing creations that undercut their industries. Kathleen Grace, head of Vermillio, said: “We can all win if we just take a beat and figure out a way to share and track content. This would encourage copyright holders to release more data to AI companies and would give AI companies access to more interesting sets of data. Instead of giving all the money to AI companies, there would be this amazing ecosystem.” 5. What issue is presented at the beginning of the passage? A. Generative AI reinvents film production. B. The capabilities of generative AI are expanding. C. Generative AI is becoming increasingly widespread. D. Copyrighted materials are used in AI-generated content. 6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Who uses TraceID. B. How TraceID works. C. Why Trace ID is developed. D. Where TraceID is used. 7. What does the underline word “remuneration” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Delay. B. Pay. C. Effort. D. Warning. 8. What message does Kathleen Grace want to convey? A. Limiting data hurts scientific progress. B. Copyright holders should release more data. C. A fair data-sharing ecosystem benefits all. D. AI firms must disclose copyrighted content use. 【答案】5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍生成式AI存在依赖版权素材创作的问题，以及相关检测工具的作用和行业相关方的诉求与愿景。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ask Google’s AI video tool to create a film of a time-travelling doctor who flies around in a blue British phone booth and the result, unsurprisingly, resembles (类似) Doctor Who. And if you ask OpenAI’s technology to do the same, a similar thing happens. What’s wrong with that, you may think? The answer could be one of the biggest issues AI chiefs face as their era-defining technology becomes ever more widespread in our lives.(让谷歌的人工智能视频工具创作一部关于一位乘坐蓝色英国电话亭穿梭时空的医生的电影，结果不出所料，和《神秘博士》十分相似。如果让OpenAI的技术做同样的事，也会出现类似的情况。你可能会想：这有什么问题呢？答案或许就是，随着这项定义时代的技术在我们的生活中愈发普及，人工智能行业高管们面临的一大难题)”以及第二段中“The problem is working out how much AI tools like Sora 2 and Veo 3 rely on someone else’s art to come up with their own inventions.(问题在于，像Sora 2和Veo 3这样的AI工具在进行创作时，有多依赖他人的作品)”可知，文章开头提出的问题是生成式AI在创作中使用了版权素材。故选D项。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“TraceID by Vermillio can detect the percentage to which AI-generated content is based on copyrighted materials. One of the platform’s abilities is to create neural fingerprints for brands, characters or other IP. These fingerprints act as digital identifiers that map the unique characteristics of a given piece of content. By comparing this fingerprint against AI-generated content, it can determine how much the new content overlaps (重合) with the original, offering a percentage-based match.(Vermillio公司的TraceID能够检测出AI生成内容基于版权素材的比例。该平台的一项功能是为品牌、角色或其他知识产权创建神经指纹。这些指纹作为数字标识符，记录某一特定内容的独特特征。通过将该指纹与AI生成内容进行比对，它可以确定新内容与原作的重合程度，并给出基于百分比的匹配结果)”可知，该段主要介绍了TraceID工具的工作原理，即TraceID是如何工作的。故选B项。 【7题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Many creative professionals demand compensation and an end to unauthorized use of their work until permissions are granted. They argue AI tools build on their work without remuneration, producing competing creations that undercut their industries.(许多创意从业者要求获得赔偿，并要求在获得许可前停止未经授权使用他们的作品。他们认为，AI工具在没有remuneration的情况下以他们的作品为基础进行创作，生成具有竞争力的作品，削弱了他们所在的行业)”可知，remuneration与前文的compensation（赔偿、报酬）语义相近，结合语境，创意从业者认为AI使用他们的作品却没有给予相应报酬，由此猜测remuneration意为“报酬、付款”，与Pay含义一致。故选B项。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Kathleen Grace, head of Vermillio, said: “We can all win if we just take a beat and figure out a way to share and track content. This would encourage copyright holders to release more data to AI companies and would give AI companies access to more interesting sets of data. Instead of giving all the money to AI companies, there would be this amazing ecosystem.”(Vermillio公司的负责人凯瑟琳·格雷丝说：“如果我们稍作停顿，找到一种共享和追踪内容的方式，我们所有人都能共赢。这将鼓励版权所有者向AI公司开放更多数据，也能让AI公司获得更有趣的数据集。资金不会全部流入AI公司，而是会形成一个很棒的生态系统。”)”可知，凯瑟琳·格雷丝想传达的信息是公平的数据共享生态系统对所有人都有利。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2026·湖南湘潭一中·一模） Who do you hold in higher regard: Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple, who said he wakes up at 4 am. and is the last to leave the office, or UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer who said he won’t work past 6 pm on Fridays? Time magazine reported that the answer seems obvious in the US where business and a lack of leisure time have become symbols of high status. Historically, long work hours weren’t associated with wealth or status. In the Roman Empire, the rich divided their day between business and leisure, with business only conducted in the morning. In his 1899 book The Theory of the Leisure Class (《有闲阶级论》), US economist Thorstein Veblen wrote that “obvious lack of labor becomes the conventional mark of superior achievement.” In other words, the wealthier one was, the less one worked. Today, however, reality contradicts Veblen’s theory. Researchers at the Washington Center for Equitable Growth found that those who work more than 40 to 45 hours a week are usually in “highly paid professional positions”, such as lawyers, architects and engineers. But regardless of the profession, a culture of overwork thrives in the US as long hours have become a marker of career success. As Time magazine noted, one reason behind this dramatic shift is “the rise of knowledge-intensive economies”. On the supply side, workers focus heavily on education and skill development, believing their knowledge and skills are most valuable. On the demand side, companies and organizations compete to attract top talent. Essentially, long work hours imply that an individual is in high demand. Rising economic inequality and financial insecurity are also key factors. As the job market grows more competitive, even those near the top of the income ladder feel financially insecure. Study shows that the professions with the largest income gaps are also the ones where people are most likely to work more than 40 hours a week. This indicates that highly paid professionals are more willing to accept a busy schedule because, if they don’t, there are plenty of lower-paid workers ready to take their jobs. In a 1930 essay, British economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that the US could “look forward to an age of leisure and abundance without fear”. That vision has clearly not materialized. As AI boosts workplace productivity, will we use the extra time to enjoy our lives, or will we continue to overload our schedules in pursuit of status and self-worth? 9. What marks high status in the US at present? A. Controlling work hours autonomously. B. Going on extended vacations regularly. C. Having a well-balanced work-life style. D. Working long hours with little free time. 10. Why does the author mention the book The Theory of the Leisure Class? A. To indicate the development of society. B. To lead readers to reflect the significance of work. C. To prove wealth is little related to long work hours. D. To persuade people to change their opinion of status. 11. What is a key reason for the shift in how work hours relate to status? A. The change of economic form. B. The widespread availability of AI. C. The decline of traditional industries. D. The rising value of seizing more wealth. 12. What can be inferred about highly paid professionals? A. They hardly experience job competition. B. They feel pressured to keep their positions. C. They are more insecure than others in finance. D. They believe success means long work hours. 【答案】9. D 10. C 11. A 12. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了现代社会中对于工作时长和地位关系的看法变化，特别是对比了苹果CEO蒂姆·库克和英国首相基尔·斯塔默的不同工作态度和时间管理方式，并探讨了这种变化背后的社会经济原因。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Time magazine reported that the answer seems obvious in the US where busyness and a lack of leisure time have become symbols of high status.(据《时代》周刊报道，在美国，答案似乎显而易见，因为忙碌和缺少休闲时间已成为高地位的象征)”可知，忙碌和缺少休闲时间已成为高地位的象征。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Historically, long work hours weren’t associated with wealth or status. In the Roman Empire, the rich divided their day between business and leisure, with business only conducted in the morning. In his 1899 book The Theory of the Leisure Class(《有闲阶级论》), US economist Thorstein Veblen wrote that “obvious lack of labor becomes the conventional mark of superior achievement.” In other words, the wealthier one was, the less one worked.(从历史上看，长时间工作与财富或地位并无关联。在罗马帝国时期，富人会将一天的时间分配给工作和休闲，且工作只在上午进行。美国经济学家托斯丹・凡勃伦在1899年出版的《有闲阶级论》一书中写道：“明显不从事劳动成为了卓越成就的传统标志。”换句话说，一个人越富有，工作就越少)”可知，作者通过引用《有闲阶级论》中关于财富和工作时长关系的观点，结合罗马帝国时期富人的工作情况，证明了历史上财富与长时间工作关系不大。故选C。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“As Time magazine noted, one reason behind this dramatic shift is “the rise of knowledge-intensive economies”. On the supply side, workers focus heavily on education and skill development, believing their knowledge and skills are most valuable. On the demand side, companies and organizations compete to attract top talent. Essentially, long work hours imply that an individual is in high demand.(正如《时代》周刊所指出的，这种巨大转变背后的一个原因是“知识密集型经济的兴起”。从供给方面来看，劳动者非常注重教育和技能发展，认为自己的知识和技能最有价值。从需求方面来看，公司和组织竞相吸引顶尖人才。从本质上讲，长时间工作意味着这个人很抢手。”可知，“知识密集型经济的兴起”体现了经济形式的变化，这是工作时长与地位关系转变的关键原因。故选A。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As the job market grows more competitive, even those near the top of the income ladder feel financially insecure. Study shows that the professions with the largest income gaps are also the ones where people are most likely to work more than 40 hours a week. This indicates that highly paid professionals are more willing to accept a busy schedule because, if they don’t, there are plenty of lower-paid workers ready to take their jobs.(随着就业市场竞争愈发激烈，即使是收入阶梯接近顶端的人也会感到财务上没有保障。研究表明，收入差距最大的职业也是人们最有可能每周工作超过40小时的职业。这表明高薪专业人士更愿意接受忙碌的日程安排，因为如果他们不这样做，有大量低薪工人随时准备接替他们的工作)”可知，因为有大量低薪工人随时准备接替他们的工作，所以高薪专业人士为了保住自己的职位会有压力。故选B。 Passage 4 （2026·湖北八校·一模） “Then would you invest short-term or long-term?” asks Jennifer Varga, a teacher at Memorial Middle School in New Jersey. Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. That figure will probably grow. Pupils in these classes learn not only how to save their earnings in order to have something to invest in the first place, but simple economic problems. Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. Young people badly need these courses. Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were of no avail. The analyses made intuitive (直觉的) sense, as many teenagers have yet to work or manage a household. But more recent findings have shown an opposite picture. Research has gotten better and the courses themselves have also improved. Studies that use the gold standard of investigation have found the courses are working well and useful in improving financial knowledge and behaviour. The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. Some worry about adding one more graduation requirement to the long list, but schools are willing to remove courses with less direct bearing on life skills. “When I was 20, it would have been nice to have this class,” Ms Varga says. She got into some financial trouble as a young adult. “I want them to be better than my generation.” 13. What fuels the spread of personal-finance courses? A. A major demand from schools. B. The unsteadiness of finance. C. A new requirement for graduation. D. The popularity of banking. 14. What can students learn in personal-financial courses? A. Long-term investment. B. Daily finance management. C. Strategies for earning money. D. Policies on financial development. 15. What does the underlined phrase “of no avail” mean in paragraph 4? A. Unfamiliar. B. Unsystematic. C. Inaccessible. D. Ineffective. 16. What do the survey results imply? A. The courses have lasting value. B. More attention is needed to finance. C. Fewer students borrow for college. D. The graduation standards are high. 【答案】13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在美国中小学推广的个人理财课程，课程内容涵盖日常理财技能等，帮助学生积累财务知识，指导相关行为。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Personal-finance courses targeted at pupils are being popularized across America, promoted by rules requiring such instruction. Since 2020, 17 states have adopted laws that make taking a financial course necessary for completing high school, bringing the total up to 25. (针对学生的个人理财课程在美国得到了普及，这是由相关规定推动的。自2020年以来，已有17个州通过了法律，规定参加金融课程是完成高中学业的必要条件，使总数达到25个。)”可知，毕业的新要求推动了个人理财课程的普及。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Courses cover comparison shopping and the basics of how to properly bank, budget, handle credit and pay for college. (课程包括比较购物和如何正确存入银行、预算、处理信贷和支付大学费用的基本知识。)”可知，学生可以从个人理财课程中学到日常财务管理。故选B。 【15题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Few teenagers score highly on financial knowledge assessments. Are personal-finance courses the answer? For a long time, the studies said no. (很少有青少年在金融知识评估中得分很高。个人理财课程能解决问题吗？很长一段时间以来，研究都说没有)”以及“Many analyses, including one cited over 2,500 times, claimed that financial courses were (许多分析，包括一项被引用超过2500次的分析，都声称金融课程……)”可知，研究说个人理财课程并不能解决问题，引用的分析也声称金融课程没有效果、没有帮助。故划线词意思是“无效果的”。故选D。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The newest survey conducted in 33 countries found people who take these courses learn the content and budget better. And pupils who take personal-finance courses borrow less money. If they do borrow for college, they choose low-cost options. (在33个国家进行的最新调查发现，参加这些课程的人对课程内容和预算掌握得更好。选修个人理财课程的学生借的钱也更少。如果他们真的借钱上大学，他们会选择低成本的选择。)”可知，这些课程在增加学生的财务知识和提升相关行为上有持久的效果。故选A。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·湖北荆州·一模） Recent research is challenging a long-standing belief: the idea that people are strictly “left-brained” or “right-brained” is far less fixed than we once assumed. This shift invites us to rethink how we understand brain function and personality. Conventional wisdom has long split people into two distinct “brain types.” Those labeled “right-brained” are said to be creative and likely to describe the world in subjective terms. In contrast, “left-brained” individuals are thought to be analytical, focused on details and guided by logic. Despite all its popularity, this two-sided view of the brain may be incorrect. To be clear, some brain functions are more concentrated on one side. We’ve learned this in part from studying stroke (中风) patients: when a specific brain region is damaged, certain abilities disappear. Damage to the front of the brain can reduce motivation and weaken creativity, while harm to the back may cause partial or complete blindness. These examples confirm that location matters for specific brain functions — but not for personality qualities. When it comes to individual qualities like creativity or logical thinking, there’s little or no evidence tying them to one brain hemisphere (半球). Even advanced scans of mathematicians’ and artists’ brains reveal no consistent structural differences. A 2023 University of Utah study added weight to this: researchers analyzed brain scans of over 1,000 young people, dividing the brain into 7,000 regions to check for “sidedness” linked to personality. The study concluded the left-brained or right-brained idea is more a figure of speech than an accurate anatomical (解剖学) description. Researchers still study “brain laterality” (which sides dominate functions like language or facial recognition), but not personality. If you’ve always seen yourself as a “numbers person” or a “creative type,” this research doesn’t change that — those strengths are still valid. But it does correct a common misconception: your personalities aren’t tied to one side of your brain. We still have much to learn about what shapes personality, but one-sided brain dominance almost certainly isn’t the key. 1. Which occupation probably suits “right-brained” people, based on conventional opinions? A. Hairdresser. B. Librarian. C. Mathematician. D. Typist. 2. Why does the author mention stroke patients? A. To prove one side of the brain operates specially. B. To show different brain regions vary in functions. C. To demonstrate brain damage changes personality. D. To argue the two-sided view of the brain is wrong. 3. What is the author’s attitude to the 2023 study? A. Favorable. B. Skeptical. C. Objective. D. Dissatisfied. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To clarify a widespread belief. B. To introduce a groundbreaking study. C. To confirm a long-standing assumption. D. To correct a widely held misconception. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新的研究挑战了长期以来关于人们是严格的“左脑型”或“右脑型”的观念，指出这种观念可能并不准确。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Those labeled “right-brained” are said to be creative and likely to describe the world in subjective terms.(那些被贴上“右脑型”标签的人被认为是有创造力的，并且倾向于用主观的术语来描述世界。)”可知，右脑型人富有创造力，理发师的工作需要创意构思发型，符合这一特点。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“To be clear, some brain functions are more concentrated on one side. We’ve learned this in part from studying stroke (中风) patients: when a specific brain region is damaged, certain abilities disappear. Damage to the front of the brain can reduce motivation and weaken creativity, while harm to the back may cause partial or complete blindness. These examples confirm that location matters for specific brain functions — but not for personality qualities.(需要明确的是，某些大脑功能的确更多集中在单侧半球。我们在一定程度上是通过研究中风患者得出这一结论的：当大脑的某个特定区域受损时，相应的某些能力就会随之丧失。大脑前部受损会降低人的行动力并削弱创造力，而大脑后部受损则可能导致部分或完全失明。这些案例证实，大脑区域的位置对特定功能起着关键作用 —— 但这与人格特质并无关联。)”可知，作者提及中风患者是为了说明不同的大脑区域具有不同的功能。故选 B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“A 2023 University of Utah study added weight to this: researchers analyzed brain scans of over 1,000 young people, dividing the brain into 7,000 regions to check for “sidedness” linked to personality.(犹他大学2023年的一项研究为此提供了有力佐证：研究人员分析了1000多名年轻人的脑部扫描图像，将大脑划分为7000个区域，以探究与人格相关的“大脑偏侧性”。)”可知，作者认为2023年的研究为此提供有力支持，表明作者对这项研究的观点是赞同的。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Recent research is challenging a long-standing belief: the idea that people are strictly “left-brained” or “right-brained” is far less fixed than we once assumed. This shift invites us to rethink how we understand brain function and personality.(最近的研究正在挑战一个长期以来的信念：人们严格是“左脑型”或“右脑型”的想法远没有我们曾经认为的那么固定。这种转变促使我们重新思考如何理解大脑功能和个性。)”以及最后一段中“But it does correct a common misconception: your personalities aren’t tied to one side of your brain.(但它确实纠正了一个常见的误解：你的个性并不与大脑的一侧相连。)”可知，文章的主要目的是纠正一个广泛存在的误解，即人们的个性与大脑的一侧有关。故选D。 Passage 2 （2026·湖北荆州·一模） Like the ever-shifting colors of the sky and sea, emotions move in waves: they gather gradually, reach the peak, and eventually fade, only to be succeeded by new ones. Studies indicate that when fully experienced, an emotion lasts at most ninety seconds. Yet so often, we find ourselves ensnared (掉入陷阱) in emotions that last far beyond — why? The answer lies in how we feed emotions with our thoughts and stories. When we get stuck in overthinking why we feel a certain way, whether it’s justified, or why we shouldn’t feel it, we create a cycle that breathes new life into the emotion. Attempting to avoid or block emotions doesn’t make them disappear; instead, they get trapped inside us, which can even cause physical pain or tension. Contrary to the popular view that emotions are a weakness, they are, in truth, an essential part of being human. We generally experience five core emotions: joy, sadness, fear, anger, and desire. Not naturally good or bad, they each serve as an essential instrument of our personal growth with their specific wisdom. For instance, joy connects us to appreciation, fear alerts us to the unknown, and anger signals a boundary being crossed. To break free from unhelpful emotional cycles, we can apply the “fact vs. story” framework. By focusing on facts instead of stories, we can tap into our true feelings. Using simple emotional language — like “I’m sad,” “I’m happy,” or “I’m scared” — helps us relate to our basic emotions, which brings us out of a state of stress and into the present moment. Grounded in what is real, we focus on what can be influenced and cease wasting energy on things that exhaust us. Feeling emotions fully without resistance liberates energy, clears the mind and supports sound decision-making. When emotions surface, ride the wave — experience them fully in our body, listen to their wisdom, and let them flow through. This is how emotions become a source of creativity and strength, guiding us to lead our lives with clarity and purpose. 5. Why do we feel emotions much longer than ninety seconds? A. We are too nervous to handle them wisely. B. They are bound to be long-lasting naturally. C. They involve our thoughts and stories deeply. D. We need sufficient time to release them fully. 6. What does the author think of emotions? A. They are sources of inner conflict. B. They are signs of human weakness. C. They are tools for self-improvement. D. They are symbols of specific wisdom. 7. How should we get rid of unhelpful emotional circles? A. By recognizing our true feelings partly. B. By expressing our emotions objectively. C. By analyzing our emotional language simply. D. By joining basic emotions to stories logically. 8. Which statement will the author probably agree with? A. Overthinking traps us inside true feelings. B. Negative cycles arise from feeling emotions. C. Deep analysis unlocks the door to emotional control. D. Accepting emotions fully brings clarity and strength. 【答案】5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了情绪持续时间长的原因、对情绪的看法、摆脱负面情绪的方法以及充分感受情绪的益处。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Studies indicate that when fully experienced, an emotion lasts at most ninety seconds. Yet so often, we find ourselves ensnared in emotions that last far beyond — why?(研究表明，当一种情绪被全然体验时，其持续时长最多不过90秒。然而现实中，我们却常常深陷于某种情绪之中难以自拔，其持续时间远超90秒 —— 这究竟是为何？)”、第二段中“The answer lies in how we feed emotions with our thoughts and stories. When we get stuck in overthinking why we feel a certain way, whether it’s justified, or why we shouldn’t feel it, we create a cycle that breathes new life into the emotion.(答案在于，我们会用自身的思绪与臆想不断“滋养”情绪。当我们执着地反复琢磨自己产生某种情绪的缘由、纠结这种情绪是否合情合理，或是懊恼自己本不该产生这种情绪时，便会陷入一个恶性循环，让这种情绪重焕生机。)”可知，我们感觉情绪的时间远超过90秒是因为它们深深地涉及了我们的思想和故事。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Contrary to the popular view that emotions are a weakness, they are, in truth, an essential part of being human. We generally experience five core emotions: joy, sadness, fear, anger, and desire. Not naturally good or bad, they each serve as an essential instrument of our personal growth with their specific wisdom.(与“情绪是软弱的表现”这一普遍观点恰恰相反，情绪实则是人性中不可或缺的一部分。人类通常会体验五种核心情绪：喜悦、悲伤、恐惧、愤怒与渴望。这些情绪本身并无好坏之分，每种情绪都蕴含着独特的智慧，是助力我们个人成长的重要工具。例如，喜悦让我们懂得感恩，恐惧提醒我们警惕未知的风险，而愤怒则预示着我们的边界正被侵犯。)”可知，作者认为情绪是自我提升的工具。故选C。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“To break free from unhelpful emotional cycles, we can apply the “fact vs. story” framework. By focusing on facts instead of stories, we can tap into our true feelings. Using simple emotional language — like “I’m sad,” “I’m happy,” or “I’m scared” — helps us relate to our basic emotions, which brings us out of a state of stress and into the present moment.(为了摆脱无益的情绪循环，我们可以运用“事实与故事”的框架。通过关注事实而不是故事，我们可以挖掘出我们真实的感受。使用简单的情绪语言，比如“我很难过”、“我很开心”或“我很害怕”，可以帮助我们与基本情绪建立联系，使我们摆脱压力状态，进入当下。)”可知，我们应该通过客观地表达我们的情绪来摆脱无益的情绪循环。故选B。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Feeling emotions fully without resistance liberates energy, clears the mind and supports sound decision-making. When emotions surface, ride the wave — experience them fully in our body, listen to their wisdom, and let them flow through. This is how emotions become a source of creativity and strength, guiding us to lead our lives with clarity and purpose.(毫无抗拒地全然接纳情绪，能释放内心的能量、理清思绪，并有助于做出明智的决策。当情绪浮现时，不妨顺势而为 —— 让身体去充分感受这份情绪，聆听它所传递的智慧，而后任其自然而然地流淌而过。唯有如此，情绪才能转化为创造力与力量的源泉，指引我们以清醒的头脑和明确的目标过好每一天。)”可知，作者认为全然接纳情绪能带来清醒的头脑与力量，可能会同意“充分接受情绪能带来清晰和力量”这一观点。故选D。 Passage 3 （2026·福建泉州·一模） A study has found that verbal abuse or hurtful words in childhood may be as damaging to long-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if not more so. This groundbreaking research highlights the need to treat verbal abuse as a serious public health issue that comes with lasting psychological consequences. Research led by Liverpool John Moores University has drawn on the data of 20,687 adults from England and Wales. In the survey, participants were asked about their exposure to physical and/or verbal abuse before the age of 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factors in optimism, relaxation, social connection and coping skills. The survey asked participants how often they felt optimistic about the future, useful and relaxed. What the researchers found was that those who experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times more likely to report poor mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals exposed to physical abuse were 1.52 times more likely to have mental health problems later in life, and those who experienced both verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times more likely to have negative mental health outcomes. There’s a growing body of evidence that demonstrates how verbal abuse in childhood has long- term impacts. It’s often viewed as less harmful than other forms of maltreatment. The researchers found that while physical abuse had decreased — from around 20.2% of children born in the 1970s to 10% of those born in 2000 or later — verbal abuse has increased. This study found that those who experienced this in their youth had nearly double the likelihood of social isolation. There remains an urgent need for greater measures to prevent physical abuse. Verbal abuse may not immediately manifest in ways that catch the attention of bystanders, clinicians, or others in supporting services. The researchers emphasize that this study doesn’t downplay the long- term harm of physical abuse, but it highlights the need to better consider verbal maltreatment when it comes to both child protection policies and mental health treatment in adults who have experienced this trauma. 9. What did the survey in paragraph 2 focus on? A. Adult abuse experiences. B. Social connection in childhood. C. Current physical health markers. D. Childhood abuse and adult mental health. 10. How does the author present the issue in paragraph 3? A. By presenting comparative research data. B. By introducing the study’s background. C. By explaining research methodology. D. By proposing policy solutions. 11. What change in abuse patterns did researchers note? A. Physical abuse increased since 2000. B. Verbal abuse decreased significantly. C. Verbal abuse rose while physical abuse declined. D. Both types dropped among newer generations. 12. What is the best title for the text? A. Physical abuse prevention strategies B. Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact C. Survey methods in psychology research D. Improving childhood mental health policies 【答案】9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕一项研究发现展开，阐述了童年时期言语虐待对成年后心理健康的长期影响，并与身体虐待进行对比，强调了关注言语虐待的必要性。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the survey, participants were asked about their exposure to physical and/or verbal abuse before the age of 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factors in optimism, relaxation, social connection and coping skills.(在调查中，参与者被问及他们在18岁之前是否遭受过身体和/或言语虐待。然后使用心理健康量表评估当前的心理健康指标，该量表考虑了乐观、放松、社会联系和应对技能等因素)”可知，第2段的调查关注的是童年期虐待和成年后的心理健康之间的关系。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“What the researchers found was that those who experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times more likely to report poor mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals exposed to physical abuse were 1.52 times more likely to have mental health problems later in life, and those who experienced both verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times more likely to have negative mental health outcomes.(研究人员发现，那些在童年时期遭受过言语虐待的人，成年后报告心理健康状况不佳的可能性要高出1.64倍。与此同时，遭受过身体虐待的人在以后的生活中出现心理健康问题的可能性要高出1.52倍，而同时遭受过言语和身体虐待的人出现负面心理健康结果的可能性要高出2.15倍)”可知，作者在本段通过展示对比性的研究数据来呈现问题。故选A项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers found that while physical abuse had decreased — from around 20.2% of children born in the 1970s to 10% of those born in 2000 or later — verbal abuse has increased.(研究人员发现，虽然身体虐待有所减少——从20世纪70年代出生的儿童中约20.2%减少到2000年及以后出生的儿童中的10%——但言语虐待有所增加)”可知，研究人员注意到言语虐待增多而身体虐待减少这一虐待模式的变化。故选C项。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段“A study has found that verbal abuse or hurtful words in childhood may be as damaging to long-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if not more so. (一项研究发现，童年时期的语言虐待或伤害性话语对长期心理健康的危害，甚至可能更为严重)”开宗明义，确立了全文核心：关注童年语言虐待对成年心理健康的持久影响。随后，文章通过介绍研究数据(如第三段的风险倍数对比)和趋势变化(第四段语言虐待发生率上升)，论证了语言虐待问题的严重性和紧迫性。文章结尾也呼应了这一主题，强调需关注语言虐待带来的创伤。因此，B项“Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact (语言虐待对成年人的持久影响)”准确概括了全文主旨，适合作文章标题。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·湖北十堰·一模） No one is sure exactly when or how the invasion (入侵) began. However, in 2014, when Asian common toads (蟾蜍) were officially spotted in Madagascar’s largest seaport, scientists immediately sounded the alarm. These invasive toads produce a poisonous chemical, stored in specialized glands (腺体) behind their eyes, which could spell death for any native species attempting to hunt them — a major threat to Madagascar’s biodiversity. Cane toads, which can remain poisonous long after they’re dead, created a similar problem when introduced to Australia in the 1930s. The poisonous parts, known as parotoid glands, do not just allow toads to wreak havoc as invasive species. They probably also helped toads spread across large parts of the planet millions of years ago, according to research published in mid-October 2025. Evidence suggests toads got their start in South America but it is unclear exactly when and how they spread to other continents. To find out, the scientists of the research analyzed DNA from 124 species across six continents. Their rebuilt evolutionary history confirmed that toads originated in South America approximately 61 million years ago; however, it also uncovered something unexpected: Instead of entering Asia from North America via the land bridge, early toads appear to have crossed directly from South America to Africa. The team also discovered a rapid rise in the number of new species shortly after toads began to spread out of South America, which happened during a historic transition known as the Eocene-Oligocene extinction event, about 33.5 million years ago. During that same period, toads evolved their parotoid glands. Some of this evolutionary history appears to be repeating itself with modern invasive species. Although toads have spread around the world, there were a few barriers that were too much for them. Toads never made it on their own to Australia, for example, or crossed the Mozambique Channel from Africa to Madagascar and the nearby Mascarene Islands. Now, with a little help from humans, they have crossed these final frontiers. 1. What do the underlined words “Wreak havoc” mean in paragraph 2? A. Spread across remote regions. B. Cause significant damage. C. Contribute to local biodiversity. D. Engage in dangerous hunting. 2. What happened to toads during the period of the extinction event? A. They lost their parotoid glands. B. Their species diversified quickly. C. Their population dropped sharply. D. They began entering South America. 3. What can we learn from the text? A. Human activities are threatening toads. B. Toads made it on their own to Australia. C. The birthplace of toads remains a mystery. D. Humans play a role in the spread of toads. 4. From which is the text most probably taken? A. A science magazine. B. A geography textbook. C. A government environmental report. D. A blog post on wildlife protection. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍亚洲蟾蜍入侵马达加斯加带来的生态威胁，还讲述研究发现蟾蜍的起源、扩散路径及毒腺演化与物种扩散的关联，以及人类对其扩散的影响。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“These invasive toads produce a poisonous chemical, stored in specialized glands (腺体) behind their eyes, which could spell death for any native species attempting to hunt them — a major threat to Madagascar’s biodiversity. (这些入侵蟾蜍会产生一种有毒化学物质，储存在眼后的特殊腺体中，任何试图捕食它们的本土物种都会因此丧命，这对马达加斯加的生物多样性构成重大威胁。)”可知，入侵蟾蜍的毒腺会对当地生态造成严重破坏，因此第二段中“wreak havoc”的意思是造成重大损害。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The team also discovered a rapid rise in the number of new species shortly after toads began to spread out of South America, which happened during a historic transition known as the Eocene-Oligocene extinction event, about 33.5 million years ago. During that same period, toads evolved their parotoid glands.(该研究团队还发现，在蟾蜍开始从南美洲扩散出去后不久，新物种的数量便迅速增加，这一事件发生在约3350万年前的始新世-渐新世灭绝事件这一历史性过渡时期。同一时期，蟾蜍进化出了腮腺。)”可知，在灭绝事件期间，蟾蜍的物种迅速多样化。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Toads never made it on their own to Australia, for example, or crossed the Mozambique Channel from Africa to Madagascar and the nearby Mascarene Islands. Now, with a little help from humans, they have crossed these final frontiers.(例如，蟾蜍自身从未成功抵达澳大利亚，也从未从非洲穿越莫桑比克海峡到达马达加斯加和附近的马斯克林群岛。如今，在人类的些许帮助下，它们跨越了这些最后的屏障。)”可知，人类在蟾蜍的扩散过程中起到了推动作用。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，文章介绍了蟾蜍入侵的生态威胁，还详细阐述了科学家对蟾蜍起源、扩散路径和毒腺演化的研究发现，包含专业的科研数据、演化分析等内容，这类内容最有可能出自科学杂志。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2026·湖南湘潭一中·一模） The Thwaites Glacier (冰川) in West Antarctica is the world’s largest and widest glacier. The massive ice sheet stretches 80 miles across, roughly the size of Florida. The glacier loses about 50 billion tons of ice annually and already accounts for about 4 percent of the planet’s current sea level rise. If it were to melt completely, it could raise global sea levels by about two feet. This would displace millions of people in coastal communities worldwide. It is no wonder that the ice mass has been nicknamed “Doomsday Glacier”. The glacier’s erosion (侵蚀) is largely due to the downward-sloping (下坡) land on which it sits. This allows warm seawater to flow slowly underneath and melt it from below. Researchers have known about this phenomenon for decades. However, a new study indicates that the Thwaites Glacier is being exposed to more warm ocean water than previously thought. This could cause it to melt at a much faster rate than scientists had initially estimated. The research team was led by Professor Eric Rignot at the University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine). They reached this conclusion after analyzing satellite data collected from March to June 2023. The scientists found that during each 12-hour tidal cycle, warm seawater moves underneath the glacier for about four miles. This is a much longer distance than previously thought. As the tide moves back, it leaves the warm seawater behind and carries the freshwater from the melting glacier into the ocean. This constant inflow of freshwater adds to sea level rise over time. “There are places where the water is almost at the pressure of the overlying ice, so just a little more pressure is needed to push up the ice,” says Rignot. “The water is then squeezed enough to jack up a column of more than half a mile of ice.” 5. What might speed up the glacier’s melting rate? A. Faster ocean currents. B. Higher air temperatures. C. More warm water exposure. D. Increased solar radiation. 6. How did researchers gather data for the new study? A. By drilling ice cores. B. With underwater sensors. C. By using satellite technology. D. Through field observations. 7. What does the underlined phrase “jack up” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Lift. B. Melt. C. Weigh. D. Record. 8. What’s the best title for the text? A. Climate Change Consequences. B. Antarctica’s Largest Glacier. C. New Findings on Glacier Melt. D. The Threat from Rising Sea Levels. 【答案】5. C 6. C 7. A 8. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新研究发现，南极洲思韦茨冰川因暴露于比预期更多的温暖海水中而加速融化，卫星数据显示潮汐周期中暖水侵入更远，可能导致更严重的海平面上升。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, a new study indicates that the Thwaites Glacier is being exposed to more warm ocean water than previously thought. This could cause it to melt at a much faster rate than scientists had initially estimated. (然而，一项新研究表明，思韦茨冰川正暴露于比此前认为更多的温暖海水中。这可能导致其融化速度远快于科学家最初估计。)”可知，可能加速冰川融化的因素是暴露在更多的温暖海水中。故选C项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They reached this conclusion after analyzing satellite data collected from March to June 2023. (他们在分析2023年3月至6月收集的卫星数据后得出这一结论。)”可知，研究人员通过卫星技术收集新研究的数据。故选C项。 【7题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线短语的上一句“There are places where the water is almost at the pressure of the overlying ice, so just a little more pressure is needed to push up the ice (在有些地方，水的压力几乎和上面的冰一样大，所以只需要再多一点压力就能把冰推高)”可知，有些地方的海水只需少量压力就能把上层的冰推高，再结合画线短语的上文“The water is then squeezed (然后水被挤压)”可知，该句描述海水被挤压后抬升冰层的动作，画线短语意思应该是“抬高，举起”，与lift“举起”意思一致。故选A项。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“However, a new study indicates that the Thwaites Glacier is being exposed to more warm ocean water than previously thought. (然而，一项新研究表明，思韦茨冰川正暴露于比此前认为更多的温暖海水中。)”可知，文章聚焦的是关于思韦茨冰川融化的新发现，该冰川因暴露于比预期更多的温暖海水中而加速融化，卫星数据显示潮汐周期中暖水侵入更远，可能导致更严重的海平面上升。因此，C项“冰川融化的新发现”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2026·河南开封·一模） Rice, the world’s common staple food, is now being used to produce a life-saving medicine. Scientists at Healthgen Biotechnology, a Chinese company in Wuhan, Hubei province, are genetically engineering rice plants to create human serum albumin (HSA,人血清白蛋白), an important blood protein. HSA is the smallest but most common protein in blood. Produced by the liver, it helps keep the right balance of fluids (液体) between blood vessels and surrounding tissues. A lack of such proteins can cause serious medical problems. HSA is vital for treating burns, severe bleeding, and certain cancers. Traditionally, it comes from donated human blood, but supply is limited. In China, over 60% of HSA needed had to be imported. Yang Daicheng, founder of Healthgen, told China Daily, “We put human genes into the rice plant to produce HSA.” As the rice grows, HSA is made and stored in the seeds, which are then harvested to extract the protein. This approach, known as molecular farming (分子农业), turns rice into a “protein factory”. This technology offers key advantages. It does not depend on blood donations, avoiding any risk of spreading viruses from donors. It is also cost-effective because increasing production simply means planting more rice. Furthermore, dried rice seeds can be stored for years without the protein losing its effectiveness, and the genetic stability of rice ensures consistent quality. The company’s progress has been rapid. Early versions of their modified rice produced 2.75 grams of HSA per kilogram. Through improved technology, yield has risen to 30 grams per kilogram, with a goal of over 40 grams. The company now produces one million doses of its rice-made HSA drug each year and is building a new facility set to open in 2026. When completed, it will produce 130 tons of HSA annually, potentially replacing a quarter of China’s HSA imports. The success with rice opens doors for molecular farming using other plants. For example, soybeans are being engineered to produce proteins for making animal-free cheese. 9. What can we learn about HSA from the text? A. It speeds up the recovery of wounds. B. It helps regulate the balance of body fluids. C. It is generated by heart to aid blood circulation. D. It is transported by blood vessels to build body tissues. 10. What problem does molecular farming help address? A. The safety risk of genetic engineering. B. The decrease of rice production in China. C. The shortage of blood-based HSA supply. D. The rising cost of importing medical drugs. 11. What can be inferred about Healthgen’s future development? A. It plans to export its HSA products abroad. B. It will stop using imported medical proteins. C. It will totally replace the imported HSA in 2026. D. It will grow other genetically engineered plants. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Rice: a Medicine for Life-saving. B. Rice: a Source of Life-saving Protein. C. HSA: a Key to Treating Severe Diseases. D. HSA: a Protein Important for Human Health. 【答案】9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍中国科学家利用基因工程水稻生产人血清白蛋白（HSA）。该技术解决了血液提取供应短缺的问题，具有安全、低成本优势，且未来有望拓展至大豆等其他作物。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“HSA is the smallest but most common protein in blood. Produced by the liver, it helps keep the right balance of fluids (液体) between blood vessels and surrounding tissues.(HSA 是血液中分子最小但分布最广的蛋白质。由肝脏分泌而成，它有助于维持血管与周围组织之间液体的恰当比例)”可知，HSA有助于调节体液的平衡。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“This technology offers key advantages. It does not depend on blood donations, avoiding any risk of spreading viruses from donors.(这项技术具备多项核心优势。它无需依赖献血，从而避免了由供血者传播病毒的各类风险。)”可知，分子农业能够解决血液中的人血白蛋白供应短缺问题。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The success with rice opens doors for molecular farming using other plants. For example, soybeans are being engineered to produce proteins for making animal-free cheese.(水稻种植的成功为利用其他植物进行分子农业开辟了道路。例如，人们正在对大豆进行基因改造，使其能够产生用于制作不含动物成分的奶酪所需的蛋白质)”可知，Healthgen公司未来将培育其他基因工程植物。故选D。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Rice, the world’s common staple food, is now being used to produce a life-saving medicine. Scientists at Healthgen Biotechnology, a Chinese company in Wuhan, Hubei province, are $