内容正文:
教科版(五四学制)英语六上Unit4语法讲解及习题
can的用法与动词-ing形式
一、核心语法点详细讲解
本单元围绕“校园生活”话题,核心语法聚焦两大模块:can(表示能力与许可) 和 (don't) like / don't mind / love / hate + -ing(表达喜好),以下为分点详解。
语法点1:can的用法(能力 & 许可)
can 是情态动词,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,主要用于表达“能力”和“许可”。
1. 表示能力(Ability)
含义:表示“能够做某事”,强调自身具备的能力。
结构:
肯定句:主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他
例句:I can play the piano.(我会弹钢琴。)
否定句:主语 + can't (cannot) + 动词原形 + 其他
例句:She can't swim.(她不会游泳。)
一般疑问句:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
回答:Yes, 主语 + can. / No, 主语 + can't.
例句:—Can you speak English?(你会说英语吗?)
—Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
2. 表示许可(Permission)
含义:表示“被允许做某事”,强调得到的许可。
结构:
肯定句:主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他
例句:You can ask questions in class.(你可以在课堂上提问。)
否定句:主语 + can't (cannot) + 动词原形 + 其他
例句:You can't run in the hallway.(你不能在走廊里跑。)
一般疑问句:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
回答:Yes, 主语 + can. / No, 主语 + can't.
例句:—Can I use your pen?(我可以用你的笔吗?)
—Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
语法点2:(don't) like / don't mind / love / hate + -ing
这些动词后接动词-ing形式,用于表达对某事的喜好、厌恶或无所谓的态度。
动词
含义
结构
例句
like
喜欢
like + -ing
I like playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。)
don't like
不喜欢
don't like + -ing
I don't like getting up early.(我不喜欢早起。)
love
热爱
love + -ing
She loves singing songs.(她热爱唱歌。)
hate
讨厌
hate + -ing
He hates doing homework.(他讨厌做作业。)
don't mind
不介意
don't mind + -ing
I don't mind working with others.(我不介意和别人一起工作。)
动词-ing变化规则
1. 一般动词直接加 -ing:play → playing;read → reading
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e再加 -ing:dance → dancing;write → writing
3. 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写辅音字母再加 -ing:run → running;swim → swimming
4. 以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y再加 -ing:lie → lying;die → dying
2、 习题
第一部分:单项选择
1. —Can you play the guitar?
—Yes, I __________.
A. can B. can't C. do D. don't
2. I __________ run fast, but I __________ swim.
A. can; can B. can't; can't C. can; can't D. can't; can
3. You __________ talk loudly in the library.
A. can B. can't C. do D. don't
4. —__________ I use your dictionary?
—Sure, here you are.
A. Can B. Do C. Am D. Is
5. She __________ love __________ to music.
A. don't; listen B. doesn't; listening C. don't; listening D. doesn't; listen
6. I __________ hate __________ up early on Sundays.
A. don't; get B. don't; getting C. doesn't; get D. doesn't; getting
7. They __________ like __________ football after school.
A. don't; play B. don't; playing C. doesn't; play D. doesn't; playing
8. My brother __________ mind __________ homework with friends.
A. don't; do B. don't; doing C. doesn't; do D. doesn't; doing
9. —Can your sister speak Chinese?
—No, she __________.
A. can B. can't C. do D. don't
10. We __________ love __________ books in the library.
A. don't; read B. don't; reading C. doesn't; read D. doesn't; reading
第二部分:用所给词的适当形式填空
11. I can __________ (play) the piano very well.
12. She can't __________ (swim) in the river.
13. Can you __________ (help) me with my English?
14. We can __________ (ask) the teacher for help.
15. I like __________ (read) storybooks before bed.
16. She hates __________ (do) the dishes after dinner.
17. They don't mind __________ (work) on group projects.
18. My brother loves __________ (play) basketball with his friends.
19. We don't like __________ (get) up early on weekends.
20. Can you __________ (say) "Hello" in another foreign language?
第三部分:判断句子类型(A=能力 / P=许可)
请判断下列句子中can表示能力(A)还是许可(P):
21. I can play the violin. __________
22. You can use my pen. __________
23. She can speak three languages. __________
24. Can I borrow your book? __________
25. We can't run in the classroom. __________
第四部分:按要求改写句子
26. I can play football.(改为否定句)
27. She can speak English.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
28. I like playing basketball.(改为否定句)
29. They love reading books.(对划线部分提问)
第五部分:补全对话
A: Hi, Li Ming! 30. __________ you play the piano?
B: Yes, I can. I take piano lessons every Saturday.
A: That's cool! 31. __________ you like playing the piano?
B: Yes, I love it. But I 32. __________ like practicing every day.
A: Oh, I see. Can you play any other instruments?
B: No, I can't. But I 33. __________ love singing songs.
三、习题答案及解析
第一部分:单项选择
题号
答案
解析
1
A
一般疑问句用Can you...? 回答用Yes, I can.
2
C
表示转折关系,“能跑得快,但不会游泳”。
3
B
图书馆里禁止大声说话,用can't表示不许可。
4
A
询问是否可以使用字典,用Can I...? 表示请求许可。
5
B
主语she是三单,否定用doesn't;love后接动词-ing形式listening。
6
B
主语I,否定用don't;hate后接动词-ing形式getting。
7
B
主语They,否定用don't;like后接动词-ing形式playing。
8
D
主语My brother是三单,否定用doesn't;mind后接动词-ing形式doing。
9
B
一般疑问句用Can your sister...? 否定回答用No, she can't.
10
B
主语We,否定用don't;love后接动词-ing形式reading。
第二部分:用所给词的适当形式填空
11. play(can后接动词原形)
12. swim(can't后接动词原形)
13. help(can后接动词原形)
14. ask(can后接动词原形)
15. reading(like后接动词-ing形式)
16. doing(hate后接动词-ing形式)
17. working(mind后接动词-ing形式)
18. playing(love后接动词-ing形式)
19. getting(like后接动词-ing形式)
20. say(can后接动词原形)
第三部分:判断句子类型(A=能力 / P=许可)
21. A(表示“会拉小提琴”的能力)
22. P(表示“可以用我的笔”的许可)
23. A(表示“会说三种语言”的能力)
24. P(表示“可以借你的书”的许可请求)
25. P(表示“不能在教室里跑”的禁止许可)
第四部分:按要求改写句子
26. I can't play football.
解析:can的否定句直接在can后加not,缩写为can't。
27. Can she speak English?
No, she can't.
解析:can的一般疑问句将Can提到句首;否定回答用No, she can't.
28. I don't like playing basketball.
解析:like的否定句用don't like,后接动词-ing形式playing。
29. What do they love doing?
解析:划线部分reading books是动作,用What提问,主语they是复数,加do,love后接动词-ing形式doing。
第五部分:补全对话
30. Can(询问是否会弹钢琴,用Can you...?)
31. Do(询问是否喜欢弹钢琴,用Do you like...?)
32. don't(表示“不喜欢每天练习”,用don't like)
33. really / just(表示“真的/只是喜欢唱歌”,可填really或just)
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