内容正文:
专题08 八上Units3-4 (复习讲义)(人教版教材梳理)
目 录
01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 2
02·思维导图·网络构建 3
03·考点通关·靶向突破 3
考点1 重点词汇 3
考点2 易混词辨析 8
考点3 重点句型 11
考点4 重点语法 13
04·优题精选·练能提分 16
考点
课标要求
复习目标
重点单词
掌握重点词汇both;loudly;win;talented;care;laugh;serious;necessary;
grade;should;reach;break;share;loud;similar;information;close;choose;carefully;role;example;give等词汇的用法
1.重点词汇会写会用
2. 易混词会在不同语境中熟练应用
3. 熟练运用描述人物性格的相关句型、最高级询问日常信息的句型以及询问看法、评价的句型询问相关信息
4. 熟练运用形容词、副词的原级、比较级与最高级来对事物做出比较。
易混词辨析
掌握both,either,neither,all,any 与 none;win与beat;join与take part in ;information, news与message;arrive,get与reach ;such as与for example等易混词辨析
重点句型
· 1.描述人物性格的相关句型
· 2.利用最高级询问日常信息的句型
· 3.询问看法、评价的句型
重点语法
· 形容词、副词的原级、比较级与最高级
命题预测
单词、易混词辨析和句型会融合到各种题型中考查。句型和形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级一般会在语法填空、补全对话等题中会有涉及。
考点1 重点词汇
1.make
【教材原文】I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为一个好朋友能使我笑.( 八上Unit 3 P20)
【主要用法】make sb. do sth. “让/使某人做某事”。make 后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。
(1)、make sb./sth. +形容词,表示"使某人(感到)……;使某物……",此时形容词作宾语补足语。此类形容词有happy、sad、pleased、angry、relaxed、scared、comfortable、sick、worried、easy等。
(2)、make sb. + 名词,表示"使某人成为……",名词作宾语补足语。
(3)、make sb. + 过去分词,表示"使某人……被",动词的过去分词作宾语补足语,有被动含义,翻译成主动语态形式,sb.可以是反身代词。
【拓展】
常见的后接省略to的不定式作宾补的使役动词
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 Let me have a try. 让我试一试。
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 He had me give him a hand. 他让我帮他个忙。
【例句】
· The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴。.
· She made me wait for a long time. 她让我等了很长时间。
2. it’s +adj……
【教材原文】I'm shy so it's not easy for me to make friends.我很腼腆,所以交朋友对我来说不是件易事.( 八上Unit3 P21)
【主要用法】 “It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构,意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。
结构中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词,如difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,necessary,possible等。
【例句】
It’s important for me to learn English well.
2. though
【教材原文】You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.然而,你能看得出来莉萨真的想赢。( 八上Unit 3P18)
【主要用法】
(1) though在这里是副词,意为“不过;可是;然而”,通常用于句末,前面用逗号与句子隔开。
(2) though作连词时,意为“虽然;尽管;不过”,相当于although。如:
【例句】
· He said that he would come. He didn't, though.他说他会来。可是他没来。
· Though he has no money, he lives very happily.尽管他没钱,但是他过得很幸福。
3. as long as
【教材原文】 But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they are good. 但我认为朋友就像书一样——朋友不在多而贵在好
( 八上Unit3 P 21)
【主要用法】 as long as"只要;既然",表示条件,意思是"只要",引导条件状语从句。
【拓展】
(1)用于as long as句型中,表示"像……一样长"。
(2)表示时间,意思是"达……之久"。
【例句】
· You may take this book away as long as you return it on time. 只要你按时归还,你就可以把这本书拿走。
· My arms are as long as yours. 我的胳膊和你的一样长。
· You can keep the book as long as you like. 这本书你想借多久就借多久。。
4. the same as
【教材原文】 I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.我并不很在意我的朋友是和我一-样还是和我不同。( 八上Unit 3P 21)
【主要用法】the same as和……相同,反义词组为be different from(和……不同)。
the same to意为"对……来说是一样的,对……没有什么不同",后面常接表示人的名词或代词。the same 前面可用 quite 修饰,但不能用 very 修饰。
【例句】
· Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。
· The two paintings are quite the same. 这两幅画完全一样。
5. similar
【教材原文】My best friend is similar to Larry because she's less hardworking than me.我最好的朋友和拉里很像,因为她不如我学习用功。( 八上Unit3 P21)
【主要用法】 similar adj.相似的,类似的,常见搭配有be similar to与……相像、类似,be similar in在某方面相似
【拓展】
take after指“在(相貌、体格、性情等方面)像(父母等);与……相像”,多指遗传。look like指“看上去;看起来像”,多用于问句,询问外表长相。
【例句】
· Your handwriting is similar to his.你的笔迹和他的相似一。
· They are similar in personalities.他们的性格相似。
6. comfortable
【教材原文】It has the most comfortable seats舒适的座位!( 八上Unit 4 P 25)
【主要用法】
(1)comfortable是形容词,意为“舒适的,安逸的”,做表语或定语,其反义词为uncomfortable。比较级、最高级为more comfortable,most comfortable。
(2)seat用作名词时,意为“座位”;用作及物动词时,意为“使……就座”,后面常接反身代词。
【例句】
· The chair made him more comfortable.
· There were only 800 seats in the reading room.阅览室里仅有800个座位。
7. close
【教材原文】It’s the closet to home离家近( 八上Unit 4 P 25)
【主要用法】
close作形容词时,意为“(空间时间上)近的”,常构成固定搭配be close to,意为“离...近”
close作形容词时,还可意为“(关系)密切的,亲密的”
She is a close friend of theirs. 她是他们的挚友。
close还可用作及物动词,意为“关,关闭”,常指关闭门、窗等。
Please close the window before leaving the office.离开办公室前请将窗户关上。
【例句】
· The supermarket is close to my house. 超市离我家很近。
8. choose
【教材原文】The DJs choose songs the most carefully.这里的音乐节目主持人选歌最用心( 八上Unit 4 P26)
【主要用法】choose动词“选择;挑选”,其过去式为chose,过去分词为chosen。
choose的名词形式choice表示“选择;抉择”,是中考易考点。
固定搭配 make a choice 做选择;have no choice but to do 除了做……别无选择。
【例句】
· I want to choose a nice gift for my friend.我想给我的朋友选一件漂亮的礼物。。
· I had no choice but to wait.除了等,我没有别的选择。
9. Up to
【教材原文】That’s up to you to decide.那由你来决定. ( 八上Unit 4P29)
【主要用法】 be up to sb.表示“由某人决定,随某人”。be up to sb.to do sth. 表示“应由某人决定做某事”
be up to sb. 表示“胜任, 适于(做某事)”,后面接名词、代词或动名词等。
He is not really up to seeing any visitors. 他真的不适合见任何访问者。
be up to sb. 由某人决定
Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother.我们是否去公园由你哥哥决定。
It is up to sb. to do sth. 应由某人做某事,it作形式主语。
It is up to me to get the four of us moving. 该由我来召集我们四个人动起来。
【例句】
· Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother. 我们是否去公园由你哥哥定。
10. give
【教材原文】And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true.而且有一点比较好,就是它们给人们提供了一条实现自己梦想的道路。( 八上Unit 4P 29)
【主要用法】
(1) give sb. sth. = give sth.to sb.表示“给某人某物”。give后有两个宾语,直接宾语是代词it/them时,间接宾语必须放后,即give it/them to sb.。sth.是直接宾语,sb.是间接宾语。
(2) come true意为“实现;变为现实”,其中come 是连系动词,true是表语。总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
【拓展】
“实现”各不同
achieve
指实现成绩、目标、梦想。主语是人
come true
实现,主语多指梦想、蓝图、计划等
【例句】
· Can you give the toy car to him?你能把这个玩具车给他吗?
· Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true. 总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
11. serious
【教材原文】However, if you don’t take these shows too seriously, they are fun to watch.但是,如果你不把这些节目太当回事,它们还是有看头的( 八上Unit 4P29)
【主要用法】 take...seriously表示“认真对待……” seriously 用于修饰动词。
seriously用于形容人“病得、伤得…….很重”,相当于badly。
seriously副词“严重地;严肃地”,修饰动词或形容词。
【例句】
· He doesn’t take the job seriously. 他不拿工作当回事。
· He is seriously ill;what shall I do?他病得很厉害。我该怎么办呢?
1. —The eye is the window to the soul. We should protect our eyes.
— ________
A.I disagree with you. B.I agree with you.
C.Take it easy. D.I don’t know.
2. —Jim and I share ________ tastes and hobbies.
—No wonder you take part in lots of meaningful social activities together.
A.separate B.weak C.similar D.double
3.The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.
A.sell B.sells C.sold D.to sell
4.With the help of the Internet, information can ________ every corner of the world quickly.
A.reach B.land C.allow D.arrive
5.________ my mum was very tired, she still cooked a nice meal for us.
A.But B.Because C.Though
6.The PE teacher said, “You will finish the 800-meter race successfully ________ you keep running without stopping.”
A.as far as B.as soon as C.as long as D.as well as
7.All of us can make our dreams come true ________ we put our hearts into them all the time.
A.in order that B.as long as C.no matter D.wherever
8.—You should take your study ________, or you will fall behind.
—I will, Mom. I’m going to make a good plan.
A.suddenly B.freshly C.seriously D.quietly
考点2 易混词辨析
1. 易混词辨析 both,either,neither,all,any 与 none辨析
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
both
两者都...。both与复数名词连用,但both...and..可与单数名词连用
either
表示两者中的一个,常见搭配either…or
neither
“表 示“(两者)都不”。常用搭配 neither…nor
all
三者或三者以上。all修饰或指代可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数,all修饰或指代不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数
any
any“表示“(三者或三者以上中的)任何一个”。可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中
none
none三者或三者以上都不
2.aloud, loud, loudly
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
aloud
意思是“出声地、高声地”,强调能让人听得见。
loud
意思是“大声地、高声地、响亮地”,强调声音响亮,常与动词speak, talk, say, laugh 等连用。
loudly
意思是“高声地”,有时可与loud通用,但含有“喧闹”的意味。
3.win, beat
【易混辨析】
词条
含义
win
及物动词 ,意为“赢得”,宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词;当作不及物动词,意为“获胜”
beat
及物动词 ,意为“击败”,宾语是比赛或竞争的对手,即指人或团队的名词或代词;不及物动词,意为“(风雨等)拍打,(心脏)跳动”
4.reach,get to ,arrive
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
reach
reach+地点 I reached Beijing last night.
get to
get to+地点 I got to Beijing last night.
arrive
arrive in+大地点 I arrived in Beijing last night. 我昨晚到达北京。
at+小地点 I arrived at Beijing Airport last night.
5.information,news,message
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
information
“信息;消息”,是不可数名词,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等
news
“新闻”,是不可数名词,指公众感兴趣的、近来发生的事情,尤其指通过广播、电视、网络等报道的事件。
message
“信息;消息”,是可数名词,一般指口头传递或书写的“音信”
6.such as , for example
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
such as
“例如;像……这样”,用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子,
可以和and so on连用
for example
“例如”,一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例子,
作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中、句末
7.join ,take part in
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
join
表示加入某个政党、团体或组织等并成为其中一员,如参军、入团、入党等.
take part in
表示参加会议或群众性的活动,并在其中发挥作用.
1. Our soccer team ________ all the other football teams and ________ first prize last weekend.
A.beat; won B.beat ; win C.won; beat D.win; beat
2.—The 26th World Table Tennis Championships ended with five titles.
—The Chinese Table Tennis coaches ________ players are the pride of our country.
A.as good as B.as well as C.as soon as D.as far as
3.There are many trees on ________ sides of the street.
A.both B.all C.each D.either
4.We can have a better world to live in ________ we protect the environment.
A.as much as B.as long as C.as soon as D.as far as
5.Taking in too much ________ is tiring.
A.tip B.idea C.suggestion D.information
6.He can’t write a complete report unless you ________ him with enough information about the competition.
A.off B.give C.provide D.tell
7.—Do you ________ a club?
—Yes, I’m in a swimming club and I often ________ the swimming training.
A.join; take part in B.join; join
C.take part in; join D.take part in; join in
8.—My parents never ________ me to hang out with my friends at night.
—________ do mine! But I think they are just worried about our safety.
A.allow; Neither B.agree; So C.allow; So D.agree; Neither
考点3 重点句型
1.Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉和蒂娜学习一样努力(八上Unit 1 P3)
【重点句型】同级比较的句型
【例句 】
· Kate doesn’t run so/as fast as Mary.凯特不如玛丽跑得快。
· Tom is as tall as Jack. 汤姆和杰克一样高。
2.What do you think of 970AM?你觉得970AM怎么样?(八上Unit 1 P2)
【重点句型】询问看法的句型
【例句】
· What do you think of this movie ? -- I love it
3.What is the best movie theater to go to ? 最好的电影院是什么? (八上Unit 2 P12)
【重点句型】 用最高级询问事物的句型
没有具体的范围的可以同特殊疑问词 what , 有明确的范围可以用特殊疑问词which
【例句】
· Which is the worst clothes store in town?
完成句子
1.I think the restaurant is great. (对画线部分提问)
do you the restaurant?
2.970 AM is the most popular radio station in town.(对画线部分提问)
the most popular radio station in town?
3.No. 1 Middle School is the best because it has the most fantastic teachers. (对画线部分提问)
No. 1 Middle School the best?
4.He likes the girl with longer hair better.(对画线部分提问)
girl he like better?
5.The woman with glasses is my English teacher. (对划线部分提问)
is my English teacher?
6.Tom is smarter than me. (对划线部分提问)
smarter, you or Tom?
7.I am as (hard-working) as your younger brother.
8.—Which is ________ season in your hometown?
—Autumn. The weather is cool and the scenery is beautiful.
A.the most beautiful B.more beautiful C.beautiful
考点4 重点语法
1. 形容词/副词的原级
1) 定义
即形容词或副词的原形。原级前可用very,quite,too等副词修饰。
2) 一般过去时使用的两种情形:1.①表示两者在某一方面相同:as + adj./adv.原形 + as
E.g.This dress is as beautiful as that one.Linda sings as well as Amy.
②表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时 :not as / so + adj./adv.原形+ as
E.g. Tom isn’t as/so tall as me.I don’t sing as/so loudly as my sister.
2. 形容词/副词的原级
1)定义:
比较级:两者进行比较, 表示“一方比另一方更……”
2) 形容词或副词比较级的构成:+er/more
(1)规则变化
变化规则
例词
1.一般的词尾+er
cold---colder tall---taller
2.以不发音字母e结尾的词, 在词尾+r
nice---nicer
3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,要双写词尾辅音字符再+er
big---bigger thin---thinner
hot---hotter
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再+er
early---earlier busy---busier
easy---easier heavy---heavier
5.多音节词或部分双音节词,在前面+more
outgoing---more outgoing
difficult---more difficult
6.动词加-ing或-ed 词缀的形容词,在前面加more
interesting---more interesting
bored---more bored
7.由形容词+ly构成的副词,在前面加上more
happily---more happily
注意:shy---shyer
(2)不规则变化
good /well---better bad/badly---worse
many/much---more little---less
old---older/elder far---farther/further
3)比较级的常用句型结构
(1)“A + be + adj.比较级+ than + B”
“A +实义动词+ adv.比较级+ than + B”;意为“A 比 B 更……”。
Mark is more outgoing than Tony.
I did worse in the exam than Sally.
(2)“A+ is + the +adj.比较级+ of the two(+复数n)”;意为“A是两者中较......的”
Tom is the taller of of the two (boys).
(3)“比较级+ and +比较级”或“more and more +原级(多音节或部分双音节词)”;意为“越来越......”。
Our life is getting better and better.
The flowers are more and more beautiful.
(4)“ the +比较级, the +比较级” ;意为:“越……,就越……”
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
(5) 特殊疑问词+be +adj.比较级,A or B?
特殊疑问词+实义动词+adv.比较级,A or B?
Which is bigger, the moon or the sun?
Who sings better, Linda or Mary?
(6) 表示两者(人或事物)的比较。在含有“比较级+ than”的句型中,当than 前后所使用的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词也可以省略。
Dean is taller than Mike(is). 迪安比迈克高。
He works much harder than I (do). 他比我工作努力得多。
4) 常见的比较级修饰词
(1)much/a lot/far +比较级 “……得多”
Lily is much smarter than before.
(2)a little/a bit+比较级 “稍微……”
Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow?
(3)even+比较级 “甚至……”
The book is even more useful than that one.
3.形容词、副词最高级
1)定义
形容词、副词的最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较;常用of/in来说明比较的范围;形容词和副词前要加定冠词 the ,副词最高级前的the有时可省略。
2) 最高级的构成
规则变化
单音节和部分双音节词
一般在词尾加-est
tall→tallest high→highest
以字母e结尾的词加-st
fine→finest nice→nicest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时(辅元辅),先双写该辅音字母,再加-est
口诀:“大 红 胖 瘦 适合 湿 热”
(biggest,reddest,fattest,thinnest,fittest,wettest,hottest)
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i再加-est
easy→easiest funny→funniest
多音节和部分双音节词
在词前加most
comfortable→most comfortable
carefully→most carefully
【特别提醒】由“动词+ed”或“动词+ing”构成的形容词变最高级时,通常在该形容词前加most
Eg.interesting→most interesting relaxed→most relaxed boring→ most boring
2.不规则变化good/well(好的)→___best____(最好的) bad/badly/ill(糟糕的)→___worst___(最糟糕的)
many/much(多的)→___most___(最多的) little(少的)→___least____(最少的)
old(老的)→___oldest __/___eldest___(最老的) far(远的)→__farthest___/__furthest___(最远的)
4)最高级的常用句型
1. 主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of短语 意为“……是……中最……的”
主语+实义动词(+ the)+副词最高级+in/of短语 意为“……在……中最……”
Eg. My mother is the busiest one in my family. 妈妈是我家最忙碌的人。
Tom works (the) hardest in Class 3. 在3班汤姆学习最努力。
2.“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语”,意为“...是...中最...的...之一”(重点)
Eg. The High Speed Rail is one of the newest inventions in China. 高铁是中国最新的发明之一。
3.“疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级,A、B or C ?”,用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较
“疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形(+ the)+副词最高级,A、B or C ?”
Eg.Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特和比尔,谁最高?
Which city do you like best, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?你最喜欢哪个城市,北京、上海还是广州?
4.“主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语”,意为“……在……中是第几……的……”
Eg.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
1.—What ________ honest boy!
—Yes, and he is one of ________ children in my class.
A.an; the most excellent B.an; the excellentest C.a; the excellentest D.a; the most excellent
2.Qian Xuesen, “the Father of China’s Missiles (导弹)”, is one of ________ scientists in the world.
A.great B.greater C.greatest D.the greatest
3.I should check my spelling more ________ next time. What else shall I do?
A.careful B.carefully C.careless D.carelessly
4.—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?
—The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world.
A.longest; long B.longer; long C.longer; longest
5.Mike lives________ from school of all the students, so he always takes a bus to school.
A.far B.farther C.the farthest
6.I don’t think pre-made dishes are (healthy) than freshly-made hamburgers.
7.Tom has (few) books than Mike, but he reads them more carefully.
8.This is one of the (beautiful) parks in our city.
9.Amy sang as (beautiful) as her students at the New Year’s Party in 2026.
1、 单项选择
1.why don’t you ________ us to ________ the football game?
A.to join; take part in B.join; join
C.joins; takes part in D.join; take part in
2.People ________ English in ________ Britain and the USA.
A.speak; both B.talk; all C.tell; both D.say; all
3.The Sun, the planets and many other stars ________ the solar system.
A.take up B.make up C.give up D.put up
4.—Could you ________ me a drink, please?
—All right. Here you are.
A.kick B.miss C.give D.sign
5.Jenny ________ planned her time before the final exam, so she felt relaxed during the exam.
A.probably B.seriously C.luckily
6.Jack always finds new ways to work out maths problems instead of only following the textbook. He has a ________ mind.
A.reasonable B.forgetful C.creative D.calm
2、 适当形式填空
1.Last year, I (win) the first prize in the English competition.
2.Most students want to sit in the front of the classroom in order to hear the teacher . (clear)
3.The trip to Harbin offered a (true) different experience to young Liam.
4.Stay at home and play games indoors. It is (crowd) outside.
5.After a good sleep, he felt really (comfort).
6.Students should check their exam papers and carefully before handing them in. (serious)
7.Which animal jumps (far), the rabbit, the tiger, or the panda?
8.He is one of the (great) writers in China.
3、 语法填空
(2025.四川绵阳.中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式 (不超过3个单词),并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。
Lily, 1 fifteen-year-old girl, manages a program at school—the Buddy Bench (同伴长椅). Students 2 feel lonely at school can go and sit on the “buddy bench”. It makes other kids know that someone needs a friend and that they should invite him or her 3 (play). Lily knows there is nothing 4 (bad) than feeling lonely. With the help of the bench, she 5 (bring) kids together and helps many shy kids make new friends.
In 2017, she got the idea at a summer camp. When she 6 (go) back to school, she shared the idea with the headteacher, “I want to do it for our school because I’ve been lonely 7 (I). It’s not a good feeling and I don’t want anyone else to feel that way.”
Instead of 8 (use) wood, she decided to make the bench out of bottle caps, which is good for the environment. News of the program quickly got out in different 9 (place), and Lily collected many caps from people around.
10 (recent), Lily has given away more than 200 benches to schools and parks all over the country. And there are plenty more to come.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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专题08 八上Units3-4 (复习讲义)(人教版教材梳理)
目 录
01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 2
02·思维导图·网络构建 3
03·考点通关·靶向突破 3
考点1 重点词汇 3
考点2 易混词辨析 9
考点3 重点句型 13
考点4 重点语法 16
04·优题精选·练能提分 20
考点
课标要求
复习目标
重点单词
掌握重点词汇both;loudly;win;talented;care;laugh;serious;necessary;
grade;should;reach;break;share;loud;similar;information;close;choose;carefully;role;example;give等词汇的用法
1.重点词汇会写会用
2. 易混词会在不同语境中熟练应用
3. 熟练运用描述人物性格的相关句型、最高级询问日常信息的句型以及询问看法、评价的句型询问相关信息
4. 熟练运用形容词、副词的原级、比较级与最高级来对事物做出比较。
易混词辨析
掌握both,either,neither,all,any 与 none;win与beat;join与take part in ;information, news与message;arrive,get与reach ;such as与for example等易混词辨析
重点句型
· 1.描述人物性格的相关句型
· 2.利用最高级询问日常信息的句型
· 3.询问看法、评价的句型
重点语法
· 形容词、副词的原级、比较级与最高级
命题预测
单词、易混词辨析和句型会融合到各种题型中考查。句型和形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级一般会在语法填空、补全对话等题中会有涉及。
考点1 重点词汇
1.make
【教材原文】I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为一个好朋友能使我笑.( 八上Unit 3 P 20)
【主要用法】make sb. do sth. “让/使某人做某事”。make 后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。
(1)、make sb./sth. +形容词,表示"使某人(感到)……;使某物……",此时形容词作宾语补足语。此类形容词有happy、sad、pleased、angry、relaxed、scared、comfortable、sick、worried、easy等。
(2)、make sb. + 名词,表示"使某人成为……",名词作宾语补足语。
(3)、make sb. + 过去分词,表示"使某人……被",动词的过去分词作宾语补足语,有被动含义,翻译成主动语态形式,sb.可以是反身代词。
【拓展】
常见的后接省略to的不定式作宾补的使役动词
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 Let me have a try. 让我试一试。
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 He had me give him a hand. 他让我帮他个忙。
【例句】
· The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴。.
· She made me wait for a long time. 她让我等了很长时间。
2. it’s +adj……
【教材原文】I'm shy so it's not easy for me to make friends.我很腼腆,所以交朋友对我来说不是件易事.( 八上Unit3 P21)
【主要用法】 “It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构,意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。
结构中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词,如difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,necessary,possible等。
【例句】
It’s important for me to learn English well.
2. though
【教材原文】You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.然而,你能看得出来莉萨真的想赢。( 八上Unit 3P 18)
【主要用法】
(1) though在这里是副词,意为“不过;可是;然而”,通常用于句末,前面用逗号与句子隔开。
(2) though作连词时,意为“虽然;尽管;不过”,相当于although。如:
【例句】
· He said that he would come. He didn't, though.他说他会来。可是他没来。
· Though he has no money, he lives very happily.尽管他没钱,但是他过得很幸福。
3. as long as
【教材原文】 But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they are good. 但我认为朋友就像书一样——朋友不在多而贵在好
( 八上Unit3 P 21)
【主要用法】 as long as"只要;既然",表示条件,意思是"只要",引导条件状语从句。
【拓展】
(1)用于as long as句型中,表示"像……一样长"。
(2)表示时间,意思是"达……之久"。
【例句】
· You may take this book away as long as you return it on time. 只要你按时归还,你就可以把这本书拿走。
· My arms are as long as yours. 我的胳膊和你的一样长。
· You can keep the book as long as you like. 这本书你想借多久就借多久。。
4. the same as
【教材原文】 I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.我并不很在意我的朋友是和我一-样还是和我不同。( 八上Unit 3 P 21)
【主要用法】the same as和……相同,反义词组为be different from(和……不同)。
the same to意为"对……来说是一样的,对……没有什么不同",后面常接表示人的名词或代词。the same 前面可用 quite 修饰,但不能用 very 修饰。
【例句】
· Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。
· The two paintings are quite the same. 这两幅画完全一样。
5. similar
【教材原文】My best friend is similar to Larry because she's less hardworking than me.我最好的朋友和拉里很像,因为她不如我学习用功。( 八上Unit3 P 21)
【主要用法】 similar adj.相似的,类似的,常见搭配有be similar to与……相像、类似,be similar in在某方面相似
【拓展】
take after指“在(相貌、体格、性情等方面)像(父母等);与……相像”,多指遗传。look like指“看上去;看起来像”,多用于问句,询问外表长相。
【例句】
· Your handwriting is similar to his.你的笔迹和他的相似一。
· They are similar in personalities.他们的性格相似。
6. comfortable
【教材原文】It has the most comfortable seats舒适的座位!( 八上Unit4 P2 5)
【主要用法】
(1)comfortable是形容词,意为“舒适的,安逸的”,做表语或定语,其反义词为uncomfortable。比较级、最高级为more comfortable,most comfortable。
(2)seat用作名词时,意为“座位”;用作及物动词时,意为“使……就座”,后面常接反身代词。
【例句】
· The chair made him more comfortable.
· There were only 800 seats in the reading room.阅览室里仅有800个座位。
7. close
【教材原文】It’s the closest to home离家近( 八上Unit 4 P2 5)
【主要用法】
close作形容词时,意为“(空间时间上)近的”,常构成固定搭配be close to,意为“离...近”
close作形容词时,还可意为“(关系)密切的,亲密的”
She is a close friend of theirs. 她是他们的挚友。
close还可用作及物动词,意为“关,关闭”,常指关闭门、窗等。
Please close the window before leaving the office.离开办公室前请将窗户关上。
【例句】
· The supermarket is close to my house. 超市离我家很近。
8. choose
【教材原文】The DJs choose songs the most carefully.这里的音乐节目主持人选歌最用心( 八上Unit4 P 26)
【主要用法】choose动词“选择;挑选”,其过去式为chose,过去分词为chosen。
choose的名词形式choice表示“选择;抉择”,是中考易考点。
固定搭配 make a choice 做选择;have no choice but to do 除了做……别无选择。
【例句】
· I want to choose a nice gift for my friend.我想给我的朋友选一件漂亮的礼物。。
· I had no choice but to wait.除了等,我没有别的选择。
9. Up to
【教材原文】That’s up to you to decide.那由你来决定. ( 八上 Unit 4 P29)
【主要用法】 be up to sb.表示“由某人决定,随某人”。be up to sb.to do sth. 表示“应由某人决定做某事”
be up to sb. 表示“胜任, 适于(做某事)”,后面接名词、代词或动名词等。
He is not really up to seeing any visitors. 他真的不适合见任何访问者。
be up to sb. 由某人决定
Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother.我们是否去公园由你哥哥决定。
It is up to sb. to do sth. 应由某人做某事,it作形式主语。
It is up to me to get the four of us moving. 该由我来召集我们四个人动起来。
【例句】
· Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother. 我们是否去公园由你哥哥定。
10. give
【教材原文】And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true.而且有一点比较好,就是它们给人们提供了一条实现自己梦想的道路。( 八上Unit 4P 29)
【主要用法】
(1) give sb. sth. = give sth.to sb.表示“给某人某物”。give后有两个宾语,直接宾语是代词it/them时,间接宾语必须放后,即give it/them to sb.。sth.是直接宾语,sb.是间接宾语。
(2) come true意为“实现;变为现实”,其中come 是连系动词,true是表语。总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
【拓展】
“实现”各不同
achieve
指实现成绩、目标、梦想。主语是人
come true
实现,主语多指梦想、蓝图、计划等
【例句】
· Can you give the toy car to him?你能把这个玩具车给他吗?
· Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true. 总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
11. serious
【教材原文】However, if you don’t take these shows too seriously, they are fun to watch.但是,如果你不把这些节目太当回事,它们还是有看头的( 八上Unit4 P29)
【主要用法】 take...seriously表示“认真对待……” seriously 用于修饰动词。
seriously用于形容人“病得、伤得…….很重”,相当于badly。
seriously副词“严重地;严肃地”,修饰动词或形容词。
【例句】
· He doesn’t take the job seriously. 他不拿工作当回事。
· He is seriously ill;what shall I do?他病得很厉害。我该怎么办呢?
1. —The eye is the window to the soul. We should protect our eyes.
— ________
A.I disagree with you. B.I agree with you.
C.Take it easy. D.I don’t know.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—眼睛是心灵的窗户。我们应该保护眼睛。—我同意你的观点。
I disagree with you.我不同意你的观点;I agree with you.我同意你的观点;Take it easy.放轻松;I don’t know.我不知道。根据“The eye is the window to the soul. We should protect our eyes.”可知,我们应该保护眼睛,那么在此情景下对方应该是赞成其观点。故选B。
2. —Jim and I share ________ tastes and hobbies.
—No wonder you take part in lots of meaningful social activities together.
A.separate B.weak C.similar D.double
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——吉姆和我有相似的品味和爱好。 ——难怪你们一起参加许多有意义的社会活动。
考查形容词辨析。 separate分开的;weak虚弱的;similar相似的;double两倍的。根据“No wonder you take part in lots of meaningful social activities together.”可知,一起参加活动,所以品味和爱好相似,故选C。3.The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.
A.sell B.sells C.sold D.to sell
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。他永远不会同意卖掉它。
考查非谓语动词。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
4.With the help of the Internet, information can ________ every corner of the world quickly.
A.reach B.land C.allow D.arrive
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在互联网的帮助下,信息可以快速到达世界的每个角落。
考查动词辨析。reach到达;land着陆;allow允许;arrive到达(常与at/in连用)。根据“information can...every corner of the world quickly”可知,信息“到达”每个角落,且空格后直接接地点“every corner of the world”,需用及物动词,reach符合要求。arrive为不及物动词,需加介词。故选A。
5.________ my mum was very tired, she still cooked a nice meal for us.
A.But B.Because C.Though
【答案】C
【详解】句意:尽管我妈妈很累,她还是为我们做了一顿美味的饭。
考查连词辨析。But但是;Because因为;Though尽管。根据句意,前后两句是让步关系,表示“虽然很累,但还是做饭”,应用Though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
6.The PE teacher said, “You will finish the 800-meter race successfully ________ you keep running without stopping.”
A.as far as B.as soon as C.as long as D.as well as
【答案】C
【详解】句意:体育老师说:“只要你坚持不停地跑,你就能成功完成800米赛跑。”
考查连词短语辨析。as far as就……而言;as soon as一……就……;as long as只要;as well as还有。根据句意可知,后半句“keep running without stopping”是完成比赛的条件,应选用表示条件的连词短语“as long as”。故选C。
7.All of us can make our dreams come true ________ we put our hearts into them all the time.
A.in order that B.as long as C.no matter D.wherever
【答案】B
【详解】句意:只要我们一直全心投入,我们所有人都能让梦想成真。
考查连词辨析。in order that为了;as long as只要;no matter无论;wherever无论哪里。根据“All of us can make our dreams come true”和“we put our hearts into them all the time”可知,前后句是条件关系,表示只要全心投入,就能实现梦想,应选用表示条件的连词as long as。故选B。
8.—You should take your study ________, or you will fall behind.
—I will, Mom. I’m going to make a good plan.
A.suddenly B.freshly C.seriously D.quietly
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你应该认真对待你的学习,否则你会落后。——我会的,妈妈。我打算制定一个好计划。
考查副词辨析。suddenly突然地;freshly新鲜地;seriously认真地;quietly安静地。根据答句“I’m going to make a good plan.”可知,说话者建议对方要认真对待学习,否则会落后。故选C。
考点2 易混词辨析
1. 易混词辨析 both,either,neither,all,any 与 none辨析
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
both
两者都...。both与复数名词连用,但both...and..可与单数名词连用
either
表示两者中的一个,常见搭配either…or
neither
“表 示“(两者)都不”。常用搭配 neither…nor
all
三者或三者以上。all修饰或指代可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数,all修饰或指代不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数
any
any“表示“(三者或三者以上中的)任何一个”。可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中
none
none三者或三者以上都不
2.aloud, loud, loudly
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
aloud
意思是“出声地、高声地”,强调能让人听得见。
loud
意思是“大声地、高声地、响亮地”,强调声音响亮,常与动词speak, talk, say, laugh 等连用。
loudly
意思是“高声地”,有时可与loud通用,但含有“喧闹”的意味。
3.win, beat
【易混辨析】
词条
含义
win
及物动词 ,意为“赢得”,宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词;当作不及物动词,意为“获胜”
beat
及物动词 ,意为“击败”,宾语是比赛或竞争的对手,即指人或团队的名词或代词;不及物动词,意为“(风雨等)拍打,(心脏)跳动”
4.reach,get to ,arrive
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
reach
reach+地点 I reached Beijing last night.
get to
get to+地点 I got to Beijing last night.
arrive
arrive in+大地点 I arrived in Beijing last night. 我昨晚到达北京。
at+小地点 I arrived at Beijing Airport last night.
5.information,news,message
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
information
“信息;消息”,是不可数名词,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等
news
“新闻”,是不可数名词,指公众感兴趣的、近来发生的事情,尤其指通过广播、电视、网络等报道的事件。
message
“信息;消息”,是可数名词,一般指口头传递或书写的“音信”
6.such as , for example
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
such as
“例如;像……这样”,用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子,
可以和and so on连用
for example
“例如”,一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例子,
作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中、句末
7.join ,take part in
【易混辨析】
词条
含义及用法
join
表示加入某个政党、团体或组织等并成为其中一员,如参军、入团、入党等.
take part in
表示参加会议或群众性的活动,并在其中发挥作用.
1. Our soccer team ________ all the other football teams and ________ first prize last weekend.
A.beat; won B.beat ; win C.won; beat D.win; beat
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们的足球队上周末击败了所有其他足球队并获得了一等奖。
考查动词辨析和动词时态。beat打败,对象一般是人或队伍;win赢,对象一般是比赛,奖项。第一空对象是其他足球队,应用beat;第二空对象是奖项,应用win。结合“last weekend”可知句子是一般过去时,故选A。
2.—The 26th World Table Tennis Championships ended with five titles.
—The Chinese Table Tennis coaches ________ players are the pride of our country.
A.as good as B.as well as C.as soon as D.as far as
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——第26届世界乒乓球锦标赛以五个冠军而告终。——中国乒乓球教练和运动员都是我们国家的骄傲。
考查词汇辨析。as good as和……一样好;as well as和;as soon as一……就;as far as和……一样远。由“The Chinese Table Tennis coaches…players are the pride of our country”可知,此处指教练和运动员都是我们国家的骄傲。故选B。
3.There are many trees on ________ sides of the street.
A.both B.all C.each D.either
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这条街的两边有许多树。
考查代词辨析。both都(两者之间);all都(三者以上);each每一个;either任何一个。此空后接复数名词sides,排除A和B选项。根据“sides of the street”可知,街道有两边,故选A。
4.We can have a better world to live in ________ we protect the environment.
A.as much as B.as long as C.as soon as D.as far as
【答案】B
【详解】句意:只要我们保护环境,我们就能拥有一个更美好的世界。
考查条件状语从句。as much as多达;as long as只要;as soon as一……就;as far as就……而言。“we protect the environment”是“We can have a better world to live in”的肯定条件,用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选B。
5.Taking in too much ________ is tiring.
A.tip B.idea C.suggestion D.information
【答案】D
【详解】句意:接收太多信息是令人疲惫的。
考查名词辨析。tip小费,建议;idea想法;suggestion建议;information信息。too much修饰不可数名词,结合“is tiring”可知,此处指“信息”过多会让人感到疲惫,D项符合。故选D。
6.He can’t write a complete report unless you ________ him with enough information about the competition.
A.off B.give C.provide D.tell
【答案】C
【详解】句意:除非你为他提供关于竞争的足够信息,否则他无法完成一份完整的报告。
考查动词辨析。off离开;give给予;provide提供;tell告诉。根据句意,此处应填入表示“提供”含义的动词,且provide sb. with sth.为固定搭配,意为“为某人提供某物”。故选C。
7.—Do you ________ a club?
—Yes, I’m in a swimming club and I often ________ the swimming training.
A.join; take part in B.join; join
C.take part in; join D.take part in; join in
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你加入俱乐部了吗?——是的,我加入了一个游泳俱乐部,而且我经常参加游泳训练。
考查动词和动词短语辨析。join指加入某个组织、团体或俱乐部等,成为其中一员;take part in指参加某项活动或运动,强调参与并起到一定作用。根据语境可知,第一空是问是否加入俱乐部,应该用join;第二空是指参加游泳训练这项活动,应该用take part in。join in通常指参加某种活动,但更侧重于与他人一同进行,此处不如take part in合适。故选A。
8.—My parents never ________ me to hang out with my friends at night.
—________ do mine! But I think they are just worried about our safety.
A.allow; Neither B.agree; So C.allow; So D.agree; Neither
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我父母从来不允许我晚上和朋友出去玩。——我父母也不允许!但我认为他们只是担心我们的安全。
考查动词短语、动词词义辨析和倒装句。allow允许;Neither也不;agree同意;So同样,因此,如此。固定短语allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。根据“…do mine!”可知,是部分倒装句,此句表示“我父母也不允许”,表示否定,用Neither +助动词/情态动词+主语。表示同一事情也不适用于另一个人。故选A。
考点3 重点句型
1.Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉和蒂娜学习一样努力(八上Unit 1 P3)
【重点句型】同级比较的句型
【例句 】
· Kate doesn’t run so/as fast as Mary.凯特不如玛丽跑得快。
· Tom is as tall as Jack. 汤姆和杰克一样高。
2.What do you think of 970AM?你觉得970AM怎么样?(八上Unit 1 P2)
【重点句型】询问看法的句型
【例句】
· What do you think of this movie ? -- I love it
3.What is the best movie theater to go to ? 最好的电影院是什么? (八上Unit 2 P12)
【重点句型】 用最高级询问事物的句型
没有具体的范围的可以同特殊疑问词 what , 有明确的范围可以用特殊疑问词which
【例句】
· Which is the worst clothes store in town?
完成句子
1.I think the restaurant is great. (对画线部分提问)
do you the restaurant?
【答案】 What think of
【详解】句意:我认为那个餐馆很棒。划线部分great“很棒”,是对餐馆的评价,提问用句型What do you think of“你觉得……怎么样”,表示某人对某物的看法。故填What;think;of。
2.970 AM is the most popular radio station in town.(对画线部分提问)
the most popular radio station in town?
【答案】 What is
【详解】句意:970AM是镇上最受欢迎的电台。根据题干要求,可知划线部分是“970AM (调频970)”,因此用疑问代词“what”来提问。在疑问句中,需要把系动词“is”提到主语之前,用以构成疑问语序,剩余部分照写不变。故填What;is。
3.No. 1 Middle School is the best because it has the most fantastic teachers. (对画线部分提问)
No. 1 Middle School the best?
【答案】 Why is
【详解】句意:第一中学是最好的,因为它拥有最棒的老师。划线部分是because引导的原因状语从句,要用疑问词why替代划线部分,变一般疑问句的方法:将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语之前,故将is提到主语No.1 Middle school之前。故填Why;is。
4.He likes the girl with longer hair better.(对画线部分提问)
girl he like better?
【答案】 Which does
【详解】句意:他更喜欢那个头发更长的女生。画线部分with longer hair表示“头发更长的那个”,应用which来提问“哪一个”,原句中的“likes”说明句子采用一般现在时,主语为he,应借助助动词does来提问。故填Which;does。
5.The woman with glasses is my English teacher. (对划线部分提问)
is my English teacher?
【答案】 Which woman
【详解】句意:戴眼镜的女人是我的英语老师。划线部分“with glasses”作定语修饰“woman”,对其提问用“which woman”来询问是哪个女人。故填Which;woman。
6.Tom is smarter than me. (对划线部分提问)
smarter, you or Tom?
【答案】 Who is
【详解】句意:汤姆比我聪明。划线部分是“Tom”,应用疑问词who提问,后跟be动词is。故填Who;is。
7.I am as (hard-working) as your younger brother.
【答案】hard-working
【详解】句意:我和你的弟弟一样勤奋。句中已有比较结构“as...as”,空格处需填入形容词原级,构成“as + 形容词 + as”的固定搭配;所给提示词“hard-working”为形容词,意为“勤奋的”,在句中作表语,说明主语的特性。故填hard-working。
8.—Which is ________ season in your hometown?
—Autumn. The weather is cool and the scenery is beautiful.
A.the most beautiful B.more beautiful C.beautiful
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——在你的家乡哪个季节是最美丽的?——秋天。天气凉爽,景色优美。
考查形容词最高级。the most beautiful最漂亮的,形容词最高级;more beautiful更漂亮的,形容词比较级;beautiful漂亮的,形容词原级。根据“Which is…season in your hometown?”以及选项可知,一年有四季,三者或三者以上进行比较用形容词最高级,beautiful的最高级形式为the most beautiful,故选A。
考点4 重点语法
1. 形容词/副词的原级
1) 定义
即形容词或副词的原形。原级前可用very,quite,too等副词修饰。
2) 一般过去时使用的两种情形:1.①表示两者在某一方面相同:as + adj./adv.原形 + as
E.g.This dress is as beautiful as that one.Linda sings as well as Amy.
②表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时 :not as / so + adj./adv.原形+ as
E.g. Tom isn’t as/so tall as me.I don’t sing as/so loudly as my sister.
2. 形容词/副词的原级
1)定义:
比较级:两者进行比较, 表示“一方比另一方更……”
2) 形容词或副词比较级的构成:+er/more
(1)规则变化
变化规则
例词
1.一般的词尾+er
cold---colder tall---taller
2.以不发音字母e结尾的词, 在词尾+r
nice---nicer
3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,要双写词尾辅音字符再+er
big---bigger thin---thinner
hot---hotter
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再+er
early---earlier busy---busier
easy---easier heavy---heavier
5.多音节词或部分双音节词,在前面+more
outgoing---more outgoing
difficult---more difficult
6.动词加-ing或-ed 词缀的形容词,在前面加more
interesting---more interesting
bored---more bored
7.由形容词+ly构成的副词,在前面加上more
happily---more happily
注意:shy---shyer
(2)不规则变化
good /well---better bad/badly---worse
many/much---more little---less
old---older/elder far---farther/further
3)比较级的常用句型结构
(1)“A + be + adj.比较级+ than + B”
“A +实义动词+ adv.比较级+ than + B”;意为“A 比 B 更……”。
Mark is more outgoing than Tony.
I did worse in the exam than Sally.
(2)“A+ is + the +adj.比较级+ of the two(+复数n)”;意为“A是两者中较......的”
Tom is the taller of of the two (boys).
(3)“比较级+ and +比较级”或“more and more +原级(多音节或部分双音节词)”;意为“越来越......”。
Our life is getting better and better.
The flowers are more and more beautiful.
(4)“ the +比较级, the +比较级” ;意为:“越……,就越……”
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
(5) 特殊疑问词+be +adj.比较级,A or B?
特殊疑问词+实义动词+adv.比较级,A or B?
Which is bigger, the moon or the sun?
Who sings better, Linda or Mary?
(6) 表示两者(人或事物)的比较。在含有“比较级+ than”的句型中,当than 前后所使用的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词也可以省略。
Dean is taller than Mike(is). 迪安比迈克高。
He works much harder than I (do). 他比我工作努力得多。
4) 常见的比较级修饰词
(1)much/a lot/far +比较级 “……得多”
Lily is much smarter than before.
(2)a little/a bit+比较级 “稍微……”
Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow?
(3)even+比较级 “甚至……”
The book is even more useful than that one.
3.形容词、副词最高级
1)定义
形容词、副词的最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较;常用of/in来说明比较的范围;形容词和副词前要加定冠词 the ,副词最高级前的the有时可省略。
2) 最高级的构成
规则变化
单音节和部分双音节词
一般在词尾加-est
tall→tallest high→highest
以字母e结尾的词加-st
fine→finest nice→nicest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时(辅元辅),先双写该辅音字母,再加-est
口诀:“大 红 胖 瘦 适合 湿 热”
(biggest,reddest,fattest,thinnest,fittest,wettest,hottest)
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i再加-est
easy→easiest funny→funniest
多音节和部分双音节词
在词前加most
comfortable→most comfortable
carefully→most carefully
【特别提醒】由“动词+ed”或“动词+ing”构成的形容词变最高级时,通常在该形容词前加most
Eg.interesting→most interesting relaxed→most relaxed boring→ most boring
2.不规则变化good/well(好的)→___best____(最好的) bad/badly/ill(糟糕的)→___worst___(最糟糕的)
many/much(多的)→___most___(最多的) little(少的)→___least____(最少的)
old(老的)→___oldest __/___eldest___(最老的) far(远的)→__farthest___/__furthest___(最远的)
4)最高级的常用句型
1. 主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of短语 意为“……是……中最……的”
主语+实义动词(+ the)+副词最高级+in/of短语 意为“……在……中最……”
Eg. My mother is the busiest one in my family. 妈妈是我家最忙碌的人。
Tom works (the) hardest in Class 3. 在3班汤姆学习最努力。
2.“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语”,意为“...是...中最...的...之一”(重点)
Eg. The High Speed Rail is one of the newest inventions in China. 高铁是中国最新的发明之一。
3.“疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级,A、B or C ?”,用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较
“疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形(+ the)+副词最高级,A、B or C ?”
Eg.Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特和比尔,谁最高?
Which city do you like best, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?你最喜欢哪个城市,北京、上海还是广州?
4.“主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语”,意为“……在……中是第几……的……”
Eg.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
1.—What ________ honest boy!
—Yes, and he is one of ________ children in my class.
A.an; the most excellent B.an; the excellentest C.a; the excellentest D.a; the most excellent
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——多么诚实的一个男孩啊!——是的,而且他是我班上最优秀的孩子之一。
考查冠词和形容词最高级。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前,表泛指;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前,表泛指;the most excellent最优秀的,形容词的最高级形式; the excellentest最优秀的,形容词最高级形式错误表达。第一个空后的honest以元音音素/ɒ/开头,所以使用不定冠词an;第二个空所在的句子使用了“one of+the+adj.最高级+名词复数”的结构,意为“最……之一”,excellent有三个音节,所以最高级形式为the most excellent。故选A。
2.Qian Xuesen, “the Father of China’s Missiles (导弹)”, is one of ________ scientists in the world.
A.great B.greater C.greatest D.the greatest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:钱学森,“中国导弹之父”,是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
考查形容词最高级。great伟大的,形容词原级;greater更伟大的,形容词比较级;greatest最伟大的,形容词最高级;the greatest最伟大的,形容词最高级,带定冠词。句中“in the world”表示范围,且“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”为固定结构,意为“最……的之一”,因此需用最高级并加定冠词the。故选D。
3.I should check my spelling more ________ next time. What else shall I do?
A.careful B.carefully C.careless D.carelessly
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下次我应该更仔细地检查我的拼写。我还能做些什么?
考查副词辨析。careful仔细的,形容词;carefully仔细地,副词;careless粗心的,形容词;carelessly粗心地,副词。空格位于动词短语“check my spelling”之后,用于修饰动词“check”,因此需要使用副词形式,此处表示“更仔细地检查”,应选择副词“carefully”。故选B。
4.—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?
—The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world.
A.longest; long B.longer; long C.longer; longest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——哪条河更长,长江还是黄河?——长江。它是世界第三长河。
考查形容词比较级和最高级。第一句是在长江和黄河两者之间进行比较,所以用比较级longer;第二句根据“in the world”可知,是在世界上所有河流这个大范围内进行比较,应该用最高级longest,“the third longest river”表示“第三长河” 。所以第一个空填longer,第二个空填longest。故选C。
5.Mike lives________ from school of all the students, so he always takes a bus to school.
A.far B.farther C.the farthest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在所有的学生中,Mike住在离学校最远,所以他总是乘公交车上学。
考查形容词最高级。根据“of all the students”可知,是三者以上的比较,用副词最高级修饰。故选C。
6.I don’t think pre-made dishes are (healthy) than freshly-made hamburgers.
【答案】healthier
【详解】句意:我认为预制菜肴并不比新鲜制作的汉堡包更健康。healthy“健康的”,形容词,再结合空后than及常识可知,此处应指预制菜没有新鲜的汉堡健康,应用其对应的形容词比较级形式与之搭配。故填healthier。
7.Tom has (few) books than Mike, but he reads them more carefully.
【答案】fewer
【详解】句意:汤姆的书比迈克少,但他读得更仔细。few“少”,由than可知,此处应用比较级。故填fewer。
8.This is one of the (beautiful) parks in our city.
【答案】most beautiful
【详解】句意:这是我们城市里最漂亮的公园之一。beautiful“漂亮的”,“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定结构,意为“最……之一”,因此填其形容词最高级most beautiful。故填most beautiful。
9.Amy sang as (beautiful) as her students at the New Year’s Party in 2026.
【答案】beautifully
【详解】句意:在2026年新年晚会上,艾米唱得和她的学生们一样动听。“as...as”是固定用法,意为“和……一样”,中间用形容词或副词原形,根据“sang”可知,此处需用副词修饰动词,beautiful“动听的;美丽的”,其对应的副词形式是beautifully,故填beautifully。
1、 单项选择
1.why don’t you ________ us to ________ the football game?
A.to join; take part in B.join; join
C.joins; takes part in D.join; take part in
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你为什么不加入我们去参加这场足球赛呢?
考查词语辨析。join加入,动词原形;to join加入,动词不定式;joins加入,第三人称单数;take part in参加,动词原形;takes part in参加,第三人称单数。根据“why don’t you...us to...the football game?”可知,第一空,“why don’t you...”句式用于提出建议,后接动词原形,“join”侧重“加入某组织、团体或某人的活动”,此处指“加入”我们,因此使用“join”;第二空,此处“to”是不定式符号,后接动词原形,“take part in”侧重“参与某项有组织的活动、比赛等”,此处表示“参加”足球比赛,因此使用“take part in”。故选D。
2.People ________ English in ________ Britain and the USA.
A.speak; both B.talk; all C.tell; both D.say; all
【答案】A
【详解】句意:人们在英国和美国都说英语。
考查动词和代词辨析。speak说,指说话的能力,或者使用某种语言;talk谈论,指交谈或讨论,强调交流的过程;tell告诉,指告诉某人某事,强调信息的传递;say说,指说出具体的话或短语,常用于引用某人的原话或表达某人的观点。both两者都;all三者或三者以上都。第一空表示说英语这种语言,用speak;第二空指的是英国和美国两个国家,用both,“both...and...”,意为“……和……两者都”。故选A。
3.The Sun, the planets and many other stars ________ the solar system.
A.take up B.make up C.give up D.put up
【答案】B
【详解】句意:太阳、行星和许多其他星星组成太阳系。
考查动词短语辨析。take up开始从事;make up组成;give up放弃;put up张贴。根据句意,太阳、行星等“组成”太阳系。故选B。
4.—Could you ________ me a drink, please?
—All right. Here you are.
A.kick B.miss C.give D.sign
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——请问你能给我一杯饮品吗?——好的。给你。
考查动词辨析。kick踢;miss想念,错过;give给;sign签名。根据“me a drink, please?”可知,此处是在询问对方能否给自己一杯饮品,所以应该用give。give sb. sth.表示“给某人某物”,符合语境。故选C
5.Jenny ________ planned her time before the final exam, so she felt relaxed during the exam.
A.probably B.seriously C.luckily
【答案】B
【详解】句意:詹妮在期末考试前认真地规划了她的时间,所以她在考试期间感到很轻松。
考查副词辨析。probably可能地;seriously认真地,严肃地;luckily幸运地。根据后半句“so she felt relaxed during the exam”可知,正是因为她之前“认真地”规划了时间,才能在考试时感到轻松,因此用“seriously”最符合逻辑。故选B。
6.Jack always finds new ways to work out maths problems instead of only following the textbook. He has a ________ mind.
A.reasonable B.forgetful C.creative D.calm
【答案】C
【详解】句意:杰克总是找到新的方法来解决数学问题,而不是只遵循教科书。他有一个有创造力的头脑。
考查形容词辨析。reasonable合理的;forgetful健忘的;creative有创造力的;calm冷静的。根据“Jack always finds new ways to work out maths problems instead of only following the textbook.”可知,杰克善于创新,不墨守成规,因此他拥有有创造力的头脑。故选C。
2、 适当形式填空
1.Last year, I (win) the first prize in the English competition.
【答案】won
【详解】句意:去年,我在英语竞赛中赢得了一等奖。win“赢得”,为动词,由时间状语last year可知,此处应用一般过去时,win的过去式是won。故填won。
2.Most students want to sit in the front of the classroom in order to hear the teacher . (clear)
【答案】clearly
【详解】句意:大多数学生想要坐在教室前排,为了清楚地听老师讲课。clear“清楚的”,形容词;此处需要用副词修饰动词hear,clear的副词形式是clearly。故填clearly。
3.The trip to Harbin offered a (true) different experience to young Liam.
【答案】truly
【详解】句意:哈尔滨之行给年轻的利亚姆带来了一种真正不同的体验。根据“a…different experience”可知,空处修饰形容词different,应用副词形式。true是形容词,其副词形式为truly,意为“真正地”。故填truly。
4.Stay at home and play games indoors. It is (crowd) outside.
【答案】crowded
【详解】句意:待在家里,在室内玩游戏。外面很拥挤。根据前句“Stay at home and play games indoors.”可知,外面人多拥挤,此处需要用形容词作表语,crowd的形容词形式是crowded,符合语境。故填crowded。
5.After a good sleep, he felt really (comfort).
【答案】comfortable
【详解】句意:睡了一个好觉之后,他感觉非常舒服。comfort“安慰,舒适”,可作名词或动词;根据“After a good sleep”可知,此处表示感觉非常舒服,felt是系动词feel的过去式,后接形容词作表语,comfort的形容词形式是comfortable,表示“舒服的”。故填comfortable。
6.Students should check their exam papers and carefully before handing them in. (serious)
【答案】seriously
【详解】句意:学生们在交试卷前应该认真仔细地检查他们的试卷。根据“check their exam papers”和“and carefully”可知,这里需要一个副词来修饰动词check,且与carefully并列,serious的副词形式seriously符合语境,体现检查试卷的态度。故填seriously。
7.Which animal jumps (far), the rabbit, the tiger, or the panda?
【答案】farthest
【详解】句意:兔子、老虎和熊猫,哪种动物跳得最远?句中是三者(兔子、老虎、熊猫)之间的比较,要用最高级;“far”的最高级形式是“farthest”(表示距离上的“最远”)。故填farthest。
8.He is one of the (great) writers in China.
【答案】greatest
【详解】句意:他是中国最伟大的作家之一。根据“one of the...”可知,此处是“one of the +最高级+名词复数”结构,表示“最……之一”,great“伟大的”,形容词,其最高级形式为greatest。故填greatest。
3、 语法填空
(2025.四川绵阳.中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式 (不超过3个单词),并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。
Lily, 1 fifteen-year-old girl, manages a program at school—the Buddy Bench (同伴长椅). Students 2 feel lonely at school can go and sit on the “buddy bench”. It makes other kids know that someone needs a friend and that they should invite him or her 3 (play). Lily knows there is nothing 4 (bad) than feeling lonely. With the help of the bench, she 5 (bring) kids together and helps many shy kids make new friends.
In 2017, she got the idea at a summer camp. When she 6 (go) back to school, she shared the idea with the headteacher, “I want to do it for our school because I’ve been lonely 7 (I). It’s not a good feeling and I don’t want anyone else to feel that way.”
Instead of 8 (use) wood, she decided to make the bench out of bottle caps, which is good for the environment. News of the program quickly got out in different 9 (place), and Lily collected many caps from people around.
10 (recent), Lily has given away more than 200 benches to schools and parks all over the country. And there are plenty more to come.
【答案】
1.a 2.who/that 3.to play 4.worse 5.brings 6.went 7.myself 8.using 9.places 10.Recently
【导语】本文讲述15岁的莉莉在学校设立“同伴长椅”,帮助孤独的学生交友,她用瓶盖制作长椅,还向多地捐赠了200多个。
1.句意:莉莉,一个15岁的女孩,在学校管理一个项目——同伴长椅。根据“fifteen-year-old girl”可知,此处表示泛指,fifteen以辅音音素开头,用a。故填a。
2.句意:在学校感到孤独的学生可以去坐在“同伴长椅”上。此处是定语从句,先行词是Students,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用who/that。故填who/that。
3.句意:这会让其他孩子知道有人需要朋友,他们应该邀请他或她一起玩。根据“invite him or her”可知,invite后接不定式作宾语补足语,用to play。故填to play。
4.句意:莉莉知道没有什么比感到孤独更糟糕的了。根据“than”可知,此处用bad的比较级worse。故填worse。
5.句意:在长椅的帮助下,她把孩子们聚在一起,帮助许多害羞的孩子交到新朋友。根据“helps”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语she是第三人称单数,谓语用brings。故填brings。
6.句意:当她回到学校时,她和校长分享了这个想法。根据“In 2017”可知,时态是一般过去时,go的过去式是went。故填went。
7.句意:我想为我们学校做这件事,因为我自己也孤独过。此处强调“我自己”,用反身代词myself。故填myself。
8.句意:她没有用木头,而是决定用瓶盖做长椅,这对环境有好处。根据“instead of”可知,of是介词,后接动名词using。故填using。
9.句意:这个项目的消息很快在不同的地方传开了,莉莉从周围的人那里收集了很多瓶盖。根据“different”可知,后接place的复数形式places。故填places。
10.句意:最近,莉莉已经向全国各地的学校和公园捐赠了200多个长椅。此处修饰整个句子,用recent的副词形式Recently。故填Recently。
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