专题06 动词的时态语态（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题06 动词的时态语态（复习讲义） 动词的时态 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 一般现在时 考点二 现在进行时 考点三 过去进行时 考点四 一般过去时 考点五 现在完成时 考点六 一般将来时 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1．从命题形式上看，主要出现在单项选择、完形填空题中。 2．从命题内容上看，主要考查时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时） 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 单项选择 第7、8、9、10小题 第7、8、9、10小题 第7、8、9、10小题 完形填空 第17小题 第19小题 第14、20小题 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时） 主要在单项选择、完形填空题中考查。 考点一 一般现在时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A．visits B．was visiting C．will visit D．has visited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：查理每个周末都会去看望他的祖父母。他非常爱他们。 考查动词时态。根据“every weekend”可知，此处描述经常性的动作，应为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用其单三形式。故选A。 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词：主语+am/is/are+n./adj.（+其他） 2.谓语动词为实义动词：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数（+其他） 用法 1.表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作或现在的状态。 She likes to help others./A lot of people in China travel by high-speed train every year. 2.表客观事实或普遍真理。 The earth goes around the sun. 3.在if、unless、when、until/till、as soon as等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作（主将从现——主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）。 If you keep working hard, you will succeed some day. What are you going to be when you grow up? 标志性时间状语 表示频率的词语：always、usually、often、sometimes、once/twice a week等 表示重复出现的词语：on Mondays、 every day/week/month/year等 注意 动词第三人称单数的构成 规则 示例 一般在词尾加-s play—plays, believe—believes, say—says 以/s/、/ʃ/、/tʃ/音素结尾或以o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es fix—fixes, finish—finishes, watch—watches, go—goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i加-es study—studies, marry—marries, satisfy—satisfies 在if、unless、when、until/till、as soon as等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作（主将从现——主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）。 If you keep working hard, you will succeed some day. What are you going to be when you grow up? 1．（2025·北京海淀·三模）She ________ going out for a walk after dinner. A．enjoyed B．has enjoyed C．enjoys D．is enjoying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她喜欢晚饭后散步。 考查动词时态。该句描述的是习惯性的动作，用一般现在时，主语是she，动词用三单形式。故选C。 2．（2025·北京东城·二模）Mike ________ the bus to school when it is rainy or snowy. A．takes B．took C．is taking D．has taken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当下雨或者下雪的时候，Mike乘公交车去学校。 考查时态。takes动词三单；took动词过去式；is taking现在进行时；has taken现在完成时。根据“when it is rainy or snowy”可知，本句陈述的是一般事实情况，应使用一般现在时。故选A。 3．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）Tony will begin to do his homework as soon as he ________ home. A．got B．gets C．is getting D．has got 【答案】B 【详解】句意：托尼一到家就会开始做家庭作业。 考查时间状语从句的时态。got一般过去时在；gets一般现在时第三人称单数形式；is getting现在进行时；has got现在完成时。根据“Tony will begin to do his homework as soon as he ... home.”，“as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时表示将来动作。故选B。 考点二 现在进行时 1．（2023·北京·中考真题）—Lucy, what are you doing? —I ________ a model ship. A．make B．made C．am making D．was making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——露西，你在干什么？——我正在制作一个轮船模型。 考查现在进行时。根据“what are you doing?”可知句子应用现在进行时来回答，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+现在分词。故选C。 构成 主语+am/is/are+动词的-ing形式（+其他） 用法 1.表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事。 He is watching TV now./Look! Jeff is helping a blind man cross the road. 2.表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。 I am reading an interesting book these days. 3.表示计划或安排好的将来要做的事情，用现在进行时表示将来。 We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 标志性时间状语 表示“此时此刻”的词语：now、right now、at the moment 表示某事正在发生的场景句：Look!/Listen!/What are you doing?/Where is...?/... 表示当前一段时间的词语：these days等 注意 动词的-ing形式的构成 规则 示例 一般直接在词尾加-ing fly—flying, sell—selling, go—going, see—seeing 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing smile—smiling, make—making, move—moving 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母再加-ing begin—beginning, cut—cutting, forget—forgetting, get—getting, hit—hitting, plan—planning, put—putting, run—running, sit—sitting, shop—shopping, stop—stopping 少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie为y，再加-ing die—dying, tie—tying, lie—lying 1．（2025·北京东城·二模）—Why is the music room so noisy? —Some students ________ for the talent show there. A．practice B．practiced C．will practice D．are practicing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——音乐室为何如此嘈杂？——一些学生正在那里为才艺表演排练。 考查动词时态。根据“Why is the music room so noisy?”可知，空处应是描述正在发生的动作，需现在进行时，其结构为be doing，主语Some students为名词复数，be动词用are。故选D。 2．（2025·北京平谷·二模）—Excuse me, can I use your computer now? —No, I ________ an important report on it. A．am writing B．wrote C．write D．will write 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我现在可以用你的电脑吗？——不行，我正在用它写一份重要报告。 考查动词时态。根据“can I use your computer now”可知，现在正在使用电脑写报告，应用现在进行时。故选A。 3．（2025·北京朝阳·二模）The workers ________ the road for the new subway station now. A．repair B．repaired C．are repairing D．have repaired 【答案】C 【详解】句意：工人们现在正在修新地铁站的路。 考查动词时态。根据“now”可知，工人们正在修路，此处使用现在进行时，结构为be doing。故选C。 考点三 过去进行时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A．draws B．was drawing C．is drawing D．will draw 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天晚上，当她的爸爸回家时，玛丽正在画画。 考查动词时态。本句是含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，从句动作发生时，主句动作正在进行，从句是一般过去时，主句应为过去进行时，结构是was/were doing，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选B。 构成 主语+was/were+动词的-ing形式（+其他） 用法 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作： 1.与表示过去某个时间点的时间状语连用。 What were you doing at eight last night? 2.用在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，或两个动作正在同时进行。 He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came. While I was going through the forest, I fell on the ground. While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 标志性时间状语 at that time/moment、at this time yesterday、过去的具体时间（如at 9 o'clock yesterday morning）、when/while 引导的时间状语从句（while从句中多用过去进行时）等 1．（2025·北京海淀·三模）They ________ a movie in the cinema when their friend called them to join a party. A．watch B．has watched C．were watching D．watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们正在电影院看电影，这时他们的朋友打电话叫他们参加一个聚会。 考查时态。根据“when their friend called them to join a party”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻，正在进行的活动，应用过去进行时。故选C。 2．（2025·北京东城·二模）While I ________ my bedroom yesterday, I found my old toys. A．cleaned B．was cleaning C．clean D．have cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天我打扫卧室时，发现了我的旧玩具。 考查过去进行时。根据题干可知，此处表示两个动作同时发生，强调一个动作（从句动作）正在进行时，另一个动作（主句动作）发生；空处属于从句动作，根据主句“I found my old toys”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，所以空处表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选B。 3．（2025·北京房山·二模）—Bob, what were you doing at nine o’clock yesterday morning? —I ________ kites with my friends. A．am flying B．was flying C．have flown D．will fly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Bob，昨天早上9点你在做什么？——我正在和朋友放风筝。 考查时态。根据“what were you doing at nine o’clock yesterday morning”可知，空处应是过去进行时was/were doing，故选B。 4．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）When Mr. Smith came into the classroom, we ________ the maths problem. A．were discussing B．will discuss C．have discussed D．discuss 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当史密斯先生走进教室时，我们正在讨论数学题。 考查动词时态。were discussing过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；will discuss一般将来时，表示将来的动作；have discussed现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果；discuss一般现在时，表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实。根据语境 “When Mr. Smith came into the classroom,”，强调过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选A。 考点四 一般过去时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——彼得，你昨天放学后和朋友们打乒乓球了吗？——不，我没有。我们在学校花园里浇了蔬菜。 考查动词时态。根据“after school yesterday”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应为一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故选C。 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词：主语+was/were+n./adj.（+其他） 2.谓语动词为实义动词：主语+动词的过去式（+其他） 用法 表过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 They came up with some ideas to offer the young more jobs last month. When I was a child, I often went to that park/I used to go to that park. （表过去习惯性或经常发生的动作，还可用“used to+动词原形”来表示） 标志性时间状语 just now、yesterday、last week/month/year、in2008、in the past、a few days ago、once upon a time、at the age of five、when I was 5 years old等 注意 动词过去式和过去分词的构成 不规则变化 类型 示例 类型 示例 A-B-C型 begin→began→begun A-B-B型 bring→brought→brought A-B-A型 become→became→become A-A-A型 cut→cut→cut 注：更多不规则变化详见《词汇默背册》P141 规则变化 规则变化 原形 过去式及-ed/-d的发音 过去分词 一般直接加-ed watch stay want watched /t/ stayed /d/ wanted /ɪd/ watched stayed wanted 以e结尾的动词，加-d love loved /d/ loved 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed cry cried /d/ cried 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母再加-ed plan prefer drop stop shop chat fit planned /d/ preferred /d/ dropped /t/ stopped /t/ shopped /t /chatted /ɪd/ fitted /ɪd/ planned preferred dropped stopped shopped chatted fitted 1．（2025·北京房山·二模）—What did you do last Sunday Tom? —I ________ the kids make paper-cutting in the Children’s Home. A．help B．helped C．will help D．am helping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你上周日做了什么？——我在儿童之家帮孩子们做剪纸。 考查时态。根据“What did you do last Sunday Tom?”可知，此处介绍自己上周日做的事情，句子时态为一般过去时。故选B。 2．（2025·北京石景山·二模）My dad _________ a speech in the university last month. A．gives B．gave C．is giving D．will give 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爸爸上个月在大学里发表了演讲。 考查动词时态。gives一般现在时；gave一般过去时；is giving现在进行时；will give一般将来时。题干时间状语“last month”表明动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故选B。 3．（2025·北京丰台·二模）Beijing ________ the world’s first human and robot marathon in April, 2025. A．hold B．is holding C．will hold D．held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2025年4月，北京举办了世界上第一次人与机器人马拉松比赛。 考查一般过去时。根据“Beijing…the world’s first human and robot marathon in April, 2025.”可知，句子为一般过去时，空处应用谓语动词的过去式形式。故选D。 考点五 现在完成时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 构成 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（+其他） 用法 1.表示过去发生的动作或事件对现在造成影响。 I have seen this film. I do not want to see it again. （过去已经看过电影，对现在的影响是不想再看一遍） 2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常和“for+时间段”或“since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子”连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。 ①They have been friends since they first met.（从首次见面成为朋友，持续到现在） ②We have been friends for nearly 5 years. （从5年前成为朋友，持续到现在） 标志性时 间状语 for+时间段、since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子、already（肯定句）/yet（否定句/疑问句）、just、ever、never、so far、up to now、in the past/last three years、recently/lately、表示次数的once/twice/three times等 1 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的应用 现在完成时可以表示动作从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在,在肯定句中与一段时间连用时应注意谓语动词应是延续性动词。如： （）I've left this school for eight years. （）I've been away from this school for eight years. （）He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. （）He has kept my dictionary for two days. 此时可将非延续性动词（组）转化为延续性动词（组），如：buy—have、borrow—keep、put on—wear、open—be open、close—be closed、begin/start—be on、finish—be over、go/leave—be away、join—be in、become—be、die—be dead。 2 区分have gone to、have been to与have been in/at 1.have gone to→“去了某地”（表示去了某地，人还没回来），只能用于第三人称。 例：Mary isn't here. She has gone to Beijing. 2.have been to→“去过某地”（表示去过某地，现在已经回来了）。 例：David has been to many space camps over the last eight years. 3.have been in/at→“待在某地”（强调从过去某时间到现在一直待在某地），通常与一段时间连用。 例：I have been in Shanghai for three years. 3 区分一般过去时和现在完成时 不同点 时态 用法说明 例句 侧重点不同 现在完成时 是与现在有关的时态，属于现在时态的范畴，侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have already seen the film. （说明“看”这个动作发生在过去，现在对这部电影的内容有所了解） 一般过去时 是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关 I saw a film yesterday. （仅说明昨天“看电影”这件事，与现在无关） 连用的时间状语不同 现在完成时 与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already、yet、just、so far、in the last/past...、 ever、 never、since...、for...等 Have you ever been to Shanghai?（不强调什么时间去的，只问有没有这个经历） 一般过去时 一般过去时则常与...ago、yesterday、last...、in+过去的年份、just now等连用 I went to Shanghai in 2022. （强调发生的具体时间） 1．（2025·北京东城·二模）Steve ________ three short stories since he joined the writing club last year. A．writes B．wrote C．has written D．was writing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从去年加入写作俱乐部以来，史蒂夫已经写了三篇短篇小说。 考查动词的时态。根据“since he joined the writing club last year”可知，此处是现在完成时，其结构是have/has done。故选C。 2．（2025·北京房山·二模）My sister ________ swimming for three years, so she can swim very fast. A．practises B．practiced C．will practise D．has practised 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妹妹已经练习游泳三年了，所以她游得很快。 考查现在完成时。根据“for three years”可知句子用现在完成时，has practised符合语境。故选D。 3．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）—Mary, is your father a teacher? —Yes, he is. He ________ English since he graduated from university. A．teaches B．is teaching C．has taught D．will teach 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——玛丽，你爸爸是老师吗？——是的，他是。他自从大学毕业后就一直教英语。 考查现在完成时。teaches一般现在时；is teaching现在进行时；has taught现在完成时；will teach一般将来时。根据“since he graduated from university”可知，时态为现在完成时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作。故选C。 4．（2025·北京石景山·二模）—What do you think of the story Journey to the West? —It’s very interesting. I _________ it twice. A．read B．have read C．am reading D．was reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得《西游记》这个故事怎么样？——它太有趣了，我已经读了两遍了。 考查时态。read动词原形；have read现在完成时；am reading现在进行时；was reading过去进行时。根据“It’s so exciting”及“twice”可知，表示已经看过两次，此处应用现在完成时。故选B。 考点六 一般将来时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A．where we are going B．where we went C．where are we going D．where did we go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——琳达，你知道这学期我们学校旅行要去哪里吗？——是的。我们要去首都博物馆。 考查宾语从句。根据“do you know...for the school trip this term”可知，空处填入的是宾语从句，用陈述句序，因此排除选项C和D（均为疑问语序）；结合回答“We are going to the Capital Museum.”可知，此时宾语从句用一般将来时，排除选项B（为一般过去时）。故选A。 构成及用法 1.主语+will+动词原形（+其他），表示将来的动作或存在的状态。 What will the future be like? 2.主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形（+其他），表示打算、计划或准备做某事。 What are you going to do when you grow up? 标志性时间状语 next week/month/year、in+时间段（如in two days）、in the future、soon、tomorrow等 1．（2025·北京房山·二模）Believe in yourself! If you work hard every day, your dream ________ true in the future. A．comes B．came C．will come D．has come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：相信自己！如果你每天努力，你的梦想未来一定会实现。 考查时态。根据“If you work hard every day可知，这是if引导的条件状语从句，其时态遵循“主将从现”原则，if从句是一般现在时态，所以主语应该用一般将来时态。故选C。 2．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）—I hear your class will have a charity sale next Friday. —Yes. We ________ old books and toys to raise money for poor kids. A．will sell B．have sold C．sell D．sold 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我听说你们班下星期五要举行义卖。——是的。我们将出售旧书和玩具，为贫穷的孩子们筹集资金。 考查动词时态。根据“We …old books and toys to raise money for poor kids.”及“I hear your class will have a charity sale next Friday.”可知，是下周将要出售旧书和玩具，时态为一般将来时，其结构为will do。故选A。 3．（2025·北京丰台·二模）—What’s your plan for this summer vacation? —We ________ a trip to Harbin. It’s cool in summer there. A．took B．will take C．have taken D．take 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你们暑假有什么计划？——我们将去哈尔滨旅行。那里夏天很凉爽。 考查一般将来时。took一般过去时；will take一般将来时；have taken现在完成时；take一般现在时。根据问句“What’s your plan for this summer vacation?”可知，答语表示将来的动作，需用“will + 动词原形”结构。故选B。 4．（2025·北京平谷·二模）—Do you have any plans for this weekend? —Yes, I ________ to the library to study for my exams. A．have gone B．go C．went D．will go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这周末你有什么计划吗？——是的，我要去图书馆为考试学习。 考查时态。根据“this weekend”可知此处询问将来的事情，用一般将来时，will do结构。故选D。 一．单项选择 1．（2024·北京·中考真题）With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在老师的帮助下，我自去年以来在英语方面取得了很大的进步。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。 2．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing? —Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study. A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Amy，你昨天晚上没接我的电话。你在干什么？——对不起，我没听到铃声。我当时正在书房里读书。 考查动词的时态。read阅读；am reading现在进行时；have read现在完成时；was reading过去进行时；will read一般将来时。根据“yesterday evening”和问句“What were you doing?”可知，此处是在描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 3．（2024·北京·中考真题）A lot of people in China ________ by high-speed train every year. A．travel B．traveled C．will travel D．have traveled 【答案】A 【详解】句意：中国每年有很多人乘坐高铁出行。 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“every year”可知，本句应用一般现在时。故选A。 4．（2024·北京·中考真题）—What did you do last Saturday, Tina? —I ________ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there. A．go B．went C．will go D．was going 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——蒂娜，你上周六做了什么？——我去了养老院，在那里做志愿者。 考查动词的时态。根据“last Saturday”可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选B。 5．（2023·北京·中考真题）Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science. A．is learning B．was learning C．will learn D．has learned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从Eric对科学感兴趣以来，他已经学习了很多东西。 考查现在完成时。根据“since he became interested in science”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。故选D。 6．（2023·北京·中考真题）If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you ________ a great time there. A．have B．had C．will have D．have had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你明天和我们一起去听音乐会，你会玩得很开心的。 考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，其结构为will do。故选C。 7．（2023·北京·中考真题）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023. A．return B．returned C．will return D．have returned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：神舟15号宇航员于2023年6月4日安全返回地球。 考查时态。根据“on June 4, 2023”可知是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式returned。故选B。 8．（2022·北京·中考真题）Jim _________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Jim自从开始在我们学校学习之后学到了很多关于中国文化的东西。 考查现在完成时。根据“since自从”可知主句要用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has done”，故选D。 9．（2022·北京·中考真题）I ________ about my sister when my phone rang. It was her! A．think B．will think C．was thinking D．am thinking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我正在想我妹妹的时候，电话响了。正是她！ 考查过去进行时。根据“I...about my sister when my phone rang.”可知，电话响的时候，正在想她，强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选C。 10．（2022·北京·中考真题）Don’t lose heart. If you keep working hard, you _________ some day. A．will succeed B．succeed C．succeeded D．have succeeded 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不要灰心。如果你继续努力，将来某一天你会成功的。 考查if引导的条件状语从句。if表示“如果”时遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；空格处于主句位置，故用一般将来时。故选A。 11．（2022·北京·中考真题）The workers _________ the community center now. A．cleaned B．were cleaning C．will clean D．are cleaning 【答案】D 【详解】句意：工人们现在正在打扫社区中心。 考查现在进行时。根据“now”可知句子要用现在进行时，其结构是“be（am/is/are） doing”。故选D。 12．（2021·北京·中考真题）—Lily, what do you usually do after school? —I ________ exercise with my friends. A．do B．did C．will do D．was doing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——莉莉，放学后你通常做什么？——我和我的朋友一起锻炼。 考查一般现在时。根据“what do you usually do after school”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形，故选A。 13．（2021·北京·中考真题）Mr. Smith ________ Chinese for two years.  He’s much better at it now. A．learns B．was learning C．has learned D．will learn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：史密斯先生学汉语已经两年了。他现在做得好多了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for two years”可知，强调时间的延续，用现在完成时，故选C。 14．（2021·北京·中考真题）My parents and I ________ trees last Sunday. A．plant B．will plant C．are planting D．planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的父母和我上星期天种树。 考查一般过去时。根据“last Sunday”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选D。 15．（2021·北京·中考真题）—Peter, what are you doing? —Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes. A．will write B．am writing C．wrote D．have written 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——彼得，你在干什么？——哦，我在写一篇关于国家英雄的报道。 考查现在进行时。根据“what are you doing”可知，此处强调动作正在发生，使用现在进行时，故选B。 16．（2025·北京大兴·二模）Many people around the world ________ Chinese learning websites every day to improve their Chinese. A．visits B．visit C．visited D．will visit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：世界各地的许多人每天都会访问中文学习网站来提高他们的中文水平。 考查动词时态。根据“every day”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“Many people”，谓语动词应用原形。故选B。 17．（2025·北京海淀·二模）— What do you usually do in your free time, Mary? — I ________ movies at home. It’s a great way to relax. A．watch B．watched C．will watch D．was watching 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——玛丽，你空闲时间通常做什么？——我在家看电影。这是一种很好的放松方式。 考查动词时态。watch观看，动词原形；watched过去式；will watch一般将来时；was watching过去进行时。“usually”表明句子时态是一般现在时，主语“I”是第一人称，动词用原形。故选A。 18．（2025·北京大兴·二模）— Hi, Jim. What did your sister do last Friday evening? — She ________ a movie with her friends. A．watches B．watched C．is watching D．will watch 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗨，Jim。你姐姐上周五晚上做了什么？——她和朋友一起看了电影。 考查动词时态。根据“last Friday evening”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。 19．（2025·北京西城·二模）My friends encouraged me to try again after I________ the game. A．am losing B．lose C．will lose D．lost 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我输了比赛后，朋友们鼓励我再试一次。 考查时态。根据“My friends encouraged me to try again”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，因此从句时态也是一般过去时，故选D。 20．（2025·北京顺义·二模）The Shenzhou XIX mission astronauts ________ safely at the Dongfeng Landing Site on April 30, 2025. A．land B．landed C．were landing D．will land 【答案】B 【详解】句意：神舟十九号任务的宇航员于2025年4月30日在东风着陆场安全着陆。 考查动词时态。根据“on April 30, 2025.”可知，本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。 21．（2025·北京西城·二模）— Have you finished your book review? — Not yet. I ________ it next week. A．finish B．finished C．have finished D．will finish 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你完成书评了吗？——还没有。我下周完成它。 考查一般将来时态。根据“next week”可知，此处用一般将来时态，其结构是“will/shall do”。故选D。 22．（2025·北京房山·一模）Look! Some of our classmates ________ basketball on the playground now. A．are playing B．have played C．were playing D．played 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看！我们的一些同学现在正在操场上打篮球。 考查时态。根据“Look!”可知，此处是描述现在正发生的动作，用现在进行时am/is/are doing，主语是复数，be用are。故选A。 23．（2025·北京东城·一模）—Emma, can you come and help me lay the table? —Just a moment. I _______ my desk. A．tidy B．am tidying C．have tidied D．was tidying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——艾玛，你能过来帮我摆桌子吗？——请稍等。我正在整理我的书桌。 考查现在进行时。根据“can you come and help me lay the table”以及“Just a moment.”可知，此处描述正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，其结构为“am/is/are doing”；I作主语，助动词应用am。故选B。 24．（2025·北京石景山·二模）Carlos _________ when I met him yesterday afternoon. A．shops B．is shopping C．will shop D．was shopping 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天下午我见到Carlos时，他正在购物。 考查过去进行时。shops一般现在时；is shopping现在进行时；will shop一般将来时；was shopping过去进行时。根据时间状语“when I met him yesterday afternoon”可知，动作发生在过去且正在进行。故选D。 25．（2025·北京海淀·三模）He ________ basketball for 3 years. Now he is good at it. A．plays B．has played C．played D．is playing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他打篮球已经三年了。现在他很擅长。 考查现在完成时。根据“Now he is good at it.”可知，此处用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。故选B。 26．（2025·北京丰台·二模）The little boy ________ Beijing Opera since he was five. A．has learned B．learns C．will learn D．is learning 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小男孩从五岁起就开始学习京剧。 考查现在完成时。has learned学习，现在完成时；learns学习，一般现在时；will learn学习，一般将来时；is learning学习，现在进行时。根据“since he was five”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时。故选A。 27．（2025·北京大兴·二模）Texting ________ very popular since the first text message in 1992. A．becomes B．became C．will become D．has become 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自1992年第一条短信出现以来，发短信变得非常流行。 考查动词时态辨析。becomes一般现在时；became一般过去时；will become一般将来时；has become现在完成时。根据“since the first text message in 1992”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，故选D。 28．（2025·北京西城·二模）Sally ________ several lovely characters since she joined the Cartoon Club. A．creates B．has created C．will create D．is creating 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从Sally加入了卡通俱乐部，她已经创作了几个可爱的角色。 考查动词时态。根据“Sally ... several lovely characters since she joined the Cartoon Club.”可知，此处是since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。故选B。 29．（2025·北京顺义·二模）Mike ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从迈克开始在我们学校学习以来，他学到了很多关于中国文化的知识。 考查时态。根据“since he began to study in our school”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在的动作，主句时态应用现在完成时。故选C。 30．（2025·北京平谷·二模）I ________ about my sister when my phone rang. It was her! A．thought B．will think C．was thinking D．am thinking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我正在想我妹妹的事，这时电话响了。是她打来的！ 考查过去进行时。根据“when my phone rang”可知，主句动作“想”是正在进行的背景动作，需用过去进行时（was/were doing）。故选C。 31．（2025·北京西城·二模）—Where is Tony? —I am not sure. He ________ with Bob in the gym when I saw him just now. A．is talking B．talked C．was talking D．has talked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——托尼在哪里？ ——我不确定。刚才我看见他时，他正在健身房和鲍勃说话。 考查动词的时态。根据“when I saw him just now”可知，刚才“我”看见他时，他正在与鲍勃讲话，所以句子时态要用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing；主语为“He”，be动词应用was，动词talk的现在分词为talking。故选C。 32．（2025·北京顺义·二模）I ________ on the computer when mum called me last night. A．worked B．work C．am working D．was working 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨晚妈妈叫我时，我正在电脑前工作。 考查动词时态。根据“when mum called me last night”可知动作发生在过去某个时间点，强调当时正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing。故选D。 33．（2025·北京海淀·二模）Dad ________ dinner when I arrived home yesterday. A．is cooking B．has cooked C．was cooking D．will cook 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天我到家时，爸爸正在做晚饭。 考查动词时态。根据“Dad …dinner when I arrived home yesterday.”可知，此处指的是过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 34．（2025·安徽安庆·二模）—What a heavy rain! When did it start? —I _________ on the way to my office then. A．drove B．will drive C．have driven D．was driving 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—— 好大的雨啊！什么时候开始下的？——那时我正在开车去办公室的路上。 考查动词时态。根据“then”和“When did it start?”可知，是指那时正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时。故选D。 35．（2024·北京西城·模拟预测）—Excuse me, can we check in now? —Just a moment please. I ________ a problem of our computer. A．fix B．fixed C．have fixed D．am fixing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我们现在可以办理登机手续吗？——请稍等。我正在修理我们电脑的问题。 考查时态。根据“Just a moment please”可知，现在正在修理电脑，故此处用现在进行时am/is/are doing，故选D。 36．（2025·北京门头沟·一模）—Hello! May I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, my father ________ an online meeting. Please call him later. A．has B．had C．has had D．is having 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你好！我可以和史密斯先生通话吗？——对不起，我父亲正在开一个在线会议。请稍后再给他打电话。 考查动词时态。根据下文“Please call him later.”可知，现在父亲不方便接电话，原因是他正在开在线会议；表示现在正在进行的动作，应该用现在进行时，其结构是be doing；主语为“my father”，be动词应用is，动词have的现在分词为having。故选D。 37．（2025·北京延庆·模拟预测）I ________ plans for the summer holiday when Mr. Wang called me last night. A．am making B．was making C．will make D．have made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚王先生打电话给我的时候，我正在制定暑假计划。 考查过去进行时。根据“when Mr. Wang called me last night”可知，此处是指王先生昨晚打电话的那个时刻，“我”正在制定暑假计划，句子时态应用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing；主语是“I”，be动词应用was，make的现在分词是making。故选B。 38．（2025·北京·一模）—What is Lucy doing? —She ________ for the class project in her room. A．prepares B．prepared C．is preparing D．was preparing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——露西正在做什么？——她正在房间里准备她的班级项目。 考查时态。根据“What is Lucy doing?”可知，此处应用现在进行时“am/is/are doing”。故选C。 39．（2025·北京丰台·一模）—You look busy, Bob. What are you doing these days? —Oh, I ________ for the coming writing competition. A．prepare B．will prepare C．prepared D．am preparing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你看起来很忙，Bob。最近在忙什么？——哦，我正在为即将到来的写作比赛做准备。 考查现在进行时的用法。根据问句“What are you doing these days?”可知，答语应表示当前正在进行的动作，需用现在进行时（am/is/are + doing）。故选D。 40．（2025·北京房山·一模）You ________ a wonderful experience if you go hiking with us next week. A．have B．had C．have had D．will have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你下周和我们一起去徒步旅行，你将会有一次美妙的经历。 考查动词时态用法。本句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，所以主句应用一般将来时“will do”结构表达。故选D。 41．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）—Have you heard Ne Zha will go on till the end of this month! —Really? I can’t wait! I ________ tickets to enjoy the fantastic film. A．buy B．bought C．will buy D．have bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你听说《哪吒》要放映到这个月底吗！——真的吗？我等不及了！我要买票去看这部精彩的电影。 考查动词时态。根据“Ne Zha will go on till the end of this month”以及“I can’t wait!”可知，《哪吒》要放映到这个月底，说话者等不及了，由此可推测说话者打算去买票，应用一般将来时，will buy符合语境。故选C。 42．（2025·北京大兴·一模）—Ms. Lisa, could you tell me ________? —Sure. At two o’clock tomorrow afternoon. A．when the speech will begin B．when will the speech begin C．when the speech began D．when did the speech begin 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——丽莎女士，你能告诉我演讲什么时候开始吗？——当然，明天下午两点整。 考查when引导的宾语从句。根据“At two o’clock tomorrow afternoon.”可知，询问的事情是发生在将来，因此when引导的宾语从句应用一般将来时，其谓语结构为will do，从句采用陈述语序。故选A。 43．（2025·北京东城·一模）—Lucy, have you heard about the school-leavers’ party next month? —Yes! I think we _______ a great time. A．will have B．had C．have D．have had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——露西，你听说下个月的毕业生聚会了吗？——是的！我想我们会玩得很开心。 考查一般将来时。根据“next month”以及结合选项可知，此处指“我们会玩得很开心”，应用一般将来时，其结构为“will do”。故选A。 44．（2025·北京门头沟·一模）—Could you tell me ________ for a school trip next Friday? —To the Palace Museum. We can learn more about Chinese history and culture. A．where did we go B．where we went C．where will we go D．where we will go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我下周五学校旅行我们将去哪里吗？——去故宫博物院。我们可以了解更多中国历史和文化。 考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句需用陈述句语序；根据时间状语next Friday可知，动作尚未发生，需用一般将来时。故选D。 45．（2025·北京海淀·二模）When Jerry was in Grade 8, he ________ the art club and made many friends. A．join B．joined C．will join D．has joined 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杰瑞在八年级的时候，加入了艺术俱乐部并交了很多朋友。 考查一般过去时态。join加入，动词原形；joined已加入，过去式；will join将会加入，一般将来时；has joined已经加入，现在完成时。句中“When Jerry was in Grade 8.”表明句子是一般过去时态。谓语动词应该使用过去式形式，“join”的过去式是“joined”。故选B。 46．（2025·北京昌平·二模）—Sara, do you remember ________ the science experiment? —Yes! Last Monday. A．when did we do B．when we did C．when will we do D．when we will do 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——萨拉，你还记得我们做科学实验的时候吗？——记得！上周一。 考查宾语从句及时态。空处所在句为宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序；根据答语“Last Monday.”可知，此处指过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故选B。 47．（2025·北京昌平·二模）—What did you do this morning, Amy? —I ________ my bedroom and did my homework. A．clean B．cleaned C．have cleaned D．will clean 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——埃米，你今天早上做什么了？——我打扫了卧室，还做了作业。 考查动词时态。根据“What did you do this morning, Amy?”和“I...my bedroom and did my homework.”可知，此处介绍过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，动词使用过去式。故选B。 48．（2025·北京·模拟预测）Tom decided that he ________ eating fast food three years ago. A．was stopping B．stops C．stopped D．is stopping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆三年前决定不再吃快餐。 考查时态。was stopping过去进行时；stops一般现在时；stopped一般过去时；is stopping现在进行时。根据“three years ago”可知，本句应为一般过去时。故选C。 49．（2025·北京海淀·模拟预测）Last year, the company ______ a new type of smart phone that can fold in half. A．invents B．invented C．will invent D．had invented 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年， 这家公司发明了一种新型的可以折叠一半的智能手机。 考查动词的时态。invents发明，第三人称单数形式，一般现在时；invented发明，一般过去时；will invent将会发明，一般将来时；had invented过去完成时。根据“Last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式invented。故选B。 50．（2025·北京朝阳·二模）Many foreigners come to China and ________ Chinese food these years. A．enjoy B．enjoyed C．will enjoy D．were enjoying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这些年，许多外国人来到中国并享用中国美食。 考查动词时态。enjoy一般现在时；enjoyed一般过去时；will enjoy一般将来时；were enjoying过去进行时。根据“these years”可知，句子描述的是现阶段经常发生的动作，应用一般现在时，主语Many foreigners是复数，谓语动词用原形enjoy。故选A。 51．（2025·北京昌平·二模）Jason is a warm-hearted guy. He ________ in the community every Saturday. A．volunteer B．is volunteering C．volunteers D．volunteered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：杰森是个热心肠的人。他每周六在社区做志愿者。 考查一般现在时。根据“every Saturday”可知是每个星期六都要做的事，故用一般现在时。主语为he，第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故选C。 52．（2025·北京延庆·模拟预测）I’m on the school table tennis team, and I often ________ a match after school. A．have B．had C．will have D．have had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我在校乒乓球队，我通常在放学后进行比赛。 考查动词时态。have进行，动词原形；had进行，过去式；will have将进行，一般将来时；have had已进行，现在完成时。根据“often”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是I，所以谓语动词用原形。故选A。 53．（2025·北京顺义·一模）Peter likes reading very much. He ________ books with his dad every evening. A．read B．reads C．is reading D．has read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：彼得非常喜欢阅读。他每天晚上和他爸爸一起读书。 考查时态。根据“every evening”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是“He”，动词用三单，故选B。 54．（2025·北京平谷·一模）My grandma always ______ a walk to keep fit after dinner. A．took B．is taking C．takes D．take 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的祖母总是在晚饭后散步来保持健康。 考查时态。根据“always”可知，饭后散步这一行为总是发生，表示经常性发生的动作，用一般现在时，且主语为“My grandma”，谓语动词用三单形式takes。故选C。 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 John's family 1. （move） to Shanghai when his dad got a new job last year. By now he 2. （live） there for nearly a year. John 3. （be） lonely at first and missed his old friends. But now he 4. （love） that place and he has made a lot of friends. His best friend is Mike. They 5. （share） the same hobby—watching Harry Potter films. When John first met Mike, he 6. （watch） one of the Harry Potter films, and they 7. （start） talking about that film. Next summer, they 8. （visit） the Universal Studios Beijing to experience the scenes in Harry Potter. John's classmates will probably get postcards from him, saying “I am having so much fun in the Harry Potter theme park”. [答案]1．moved2．has lived3．was4．loves5．share6．was watching7．started8．will visit/are going to visit 动词的语态 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 被动语态的构成 考点二 被动语态的用法 考点三 主动语态与被动语态的转换 考点四 主动语态与被动语态的转换 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1．从命题形式上看，主要出现在单项选择、完形填空题中。 2．从命题内容上看，主要考查被动时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态） 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 单项选择 第11小题 第11小题 第11小题 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：被动时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态） 主要在单项选择中考查。 考点一 被动语态的构成 1．（2025·北京房山·二模）Every year, thousands of trees ________ in our city to make the environment greener. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年，我们城市都会种植成千上万棵树，让环境更绿。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“trees”与“plant”之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，其结构为“be + done”，plant的过去分词是“planted”；根据“Every year”可知，此处用一般现在时，所以“be”动词的形式为“are”。故选C。 2．（2025·北京海淀·三模）The new library ________ last year and it has become a popular place for students. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：新图书馆是去年建成的，它已经成为学生们喜爱的地方。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last year”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，主语“The new library”与“build”之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done”。故选D。 3．（2025·北京东城·二模）Smart robots ________ by more and more people around the world in the future. A．use B．will use C．are used D．will be used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：未来，智能机器人将被世界各地越来越多的人使用。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语Smart robots和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“in the future”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 4．（2022·北京·一模）The plants must________ every three days, or they will fail to grow. A．water B．watering C．be watered D．watered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些植物必须每三天浇一次水，否则它们就不能生长。考查被动语态。must一定，情态动词后接原形动词。plants是动词water（浇水）的受动者，需用被动语态，即“be+过去分词”结构。根据句意结构和语境，可知选C。 语态分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（done）”构成。其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词时完全一样。 分类 被动结构 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are+done Chinese is spoken by more and more people around the world nowadays. 一般过去时 was/were+done Tea was invented by accident about 5,000 years ago. 一般将来时 will+be+done； am/is/are going to+be+done To make the environment much better, more trees will be planted next year. 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done The hair product is being used at present. 现在完成时 have/has+been+done How much e-waste has been produced? 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+done 16-year-old teenagers shouldn't be allowed to drive. Something must be done about the present situation. 1．（2025·北京丰台·二模）These flowers look beautiful. They ________ every week. A．water B．watered C．were watered D．are watered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些花看起来很漂亮。它们每周都被浇一次水。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“They”指代“These flowers”，与动词water“给……浇水”为被动关系，又根据“every week”可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done；主语为“They”，be动词应用are，动词water的过去分词为watered。故选D。 2．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）The Shenzhou-20 spaceship ________ into space successfully on April 24, 2025. A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．was sent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2025年4月24日，神舟20号宇宙飞船成功发射升空。 考查一般过去时被动语态。sends一般现在时；sent一般过去时；is sent一般现在时被动语态；was sent一般过去时被动语态。根据“on April 24, 2025”可是，时态为一般过去时，主语“The Shenzhou-20 spaceship”与谓语动词send之间是被动关系，因此此处为一般过去时被动 3．（2025·北京昌平·二模）The famous structure of DNA________ in 1953. A．discover B．discovered C．is discovered D．was discovered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：著名的DNA结构在1953年被发现。    考查动词时态和语态。discover发现，动词原形；discovered过去式、过去分词；is discovered一般现在时被动语态；was discovered一般过去时被动语态。句子主语“The famous structure of DNA”与“发现”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，根据时间状语“in 1953”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，因此be动词用was。故选D。 4．（2024·北京石景山·一模） The sweater can’t ______ in the machine. A．wash B．washed C．be washed D．be washing 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：句意：这件毛衣不能在洗衣机里洗。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。含有情态动词的被动语态结构是：情态动词+助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词。根据句意，故选C。 考点二 被动语态的用法 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。通常有以下两种情况： 1.主语是人，但为动作的承受者，可翻译为“（主语）被……”，谓语动词使用被动语态。 如：The artists are encouraged to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms.（艺术家们被鼓励） 2.主语是物，且为动作的承受者，可翻译为“（主语）被……”，谓语动词使用被动语态。 如：A new supermarket will be built on Centre Street next year.（超市将被建造） 考点四 主动语态与被动语态的转换 将主动语态转换为被动语态的核心是将主动句中的宾语转换成被动句中的主语。 考点三 主动表被动 情况 示例 谓语动词为系动词（feel、taste、sound、smell、look、keep、stay、remain、prove等） This material feels very soft.（这块材料摸上去很柔软。） 表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词（sell、read、write、wash、wear等）与well、easily等副词连用时 This kind of food sells well.（这种食物很畅销。） The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅。） 用于“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构 This question is hard to answer.（这个问题很难回答。） 一．单项选择 1．（2025·北京西城·二模）If children ________ more chances to do things on their own, they will become more independent. A．will be given B．give C．are given D．have given 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果孩子们被给予更多的机会来独立做事，他们将更独立。 考查If引导的条件状语从句时态和被动语态。根据“If children ... more chances to do things on their own, they will become more independent.”可知，从句部分主语语与谓语是被动关系，应用被动语态，可排除BD选项；If引导的条件状语从句部分用一般现在时表示将来，空处需用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 2．（2025·北京顺义·二模）Today, AI tools ________ by students to complete their projects efficiently. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，人工智能工具被学生们用来高效地完成他们的项目。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。use使用，原形；used过去式；are used一般现在时被动语态形式；were used一般过去时被动语态形式。根据“Today, AI tools...by students”可知，这句话用一般现在时被动语态结构。故选C。 3．（2025·北京海淀·二模）The Dragon Boat Festival ________ on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．celebrates D．celebrated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：端午节每年在农历五月初五被庆祝。 考查被动语态。主语The Dragon Boat Festival与选项核心词celebrate之间为被动关系，根据“every day”可知，本句为一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done，主语为名词单数，be动词用is。故选A。 语态。故选D。 4．（2025·北京大兴·二模）—Hey, Sam. Where did you get this picture? —Oh, it ________ by a friend of mine in 2023 at the Great Wall. A．takes B．took C．is taken D．was taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——嘿，山姆。你从哪里得到这张照片的？——哦，这是我的一个朋友2023年在长城拍的。 考查时态及语态。根据“in 2023”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；根据“by a friend of mine”可知，动作的发出者是我的一个朋友，应用被动语态，D项符合。故选D。 5．（2025·北京·模拟预测）Nearly everybody here knows ________. A．when the old factory built B．when did the old factory build C．when is the old factory built D．when the old factory was built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这里几乎每个人都知道旧工厂是什么时候建造的。 考查宾语从句以及一般过去式被动语态。根据句子可知，此句是宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述句语序，排除B、C；工厂是被建造的且工厂建造是过去事件，应用一般过去时的被动语态，排除A。故选D。 6．（2025·北京石景山·二模）The Science Museum _________ to the public in 2026. A．opens B．opened C．is opened D．will be opened 【答案】D 【详解】句意：科学博物馆将于 2026 年向公众开放。 考查动词时态和语态。opens开放，一般现在时主动；opened开放，一般过去时主动；is opened被开放，一般现在时被动；will be opened将被开放，一般将来时被动。根据“in 2026”可知动作发生在未来，用一般将来时；博物馆是动作承受者，需用被动语态，will be opened符合语境。故选D。 7．（2025·北京平谷·二模）Beijing Subway Line 22 ________ by the end of 2025. A．completed B．was completed C．will complete D．will be completed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：北京地铁22号线将于2025年底前完工。 考查被动语态。根据“by the end of 2025.”可知，此句是一般将来时，主语和动词complete是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 8．（2025·北京朝阳·二模）Some big shopping malls ________ in Beijing next year. A．build B．built C．are built D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明年，北京将建一些大的购物中心。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。build修建，一般现在时；built修建，一般过去时；are built被修建，一般现在时的被动语态；will be built将被修建，一般将来时的被动语态。根据“Some big shopping malls...in Beijing next year.”可知，时态为一般将来时，Some big shopping malls作主语，和build应该是被动关系，故此题应该用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 9．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）The 2025 World Table Tennis Champion Macao ______ from September 8th to 14th. I’m looking forward to the fantastic games. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2025年世界乒乓球锦标赛将于9月8日至14日在澳门举行。我期待着这场精彩的比赛。 考查时态和语态。holds举办，主动语态，一般现在时；will hold将要举办，主动语态，一般将来时；is held被举办，被动语态，一般现在时； will be held将要被举办，被动语态，一般将来时。时态判断：句子描述的是2025年（未来）的赛事安排，需用将来时（will do / will be done）。语态判断：主语“The 2025 World Table Tennis Champion Macao ”是被举办的对象，需用被动语态（be held）。故应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 二．用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 As many animals are going extinct, we must do something to protect them. First, we should protect their habitats. If their living places 1. （not protect）, animals will have nowhere to live. Last year, many trees 2. （cut down） to build roads in the mountains, and fences 3. （build） along the roads, which caused inconvenience to wildlife. Second, any form of hunting shouldn't 4. （allow）. A lot of animals 5. （kill） just for their beautiful fur, which is so cruel. We should also protect the environment. A project 6. （set up） in our school last month and a lot of rubbish 7. （pick up） by volunteers on the mountains last week. But if people 8. （not prevent） from entering these areas, the problem will continue. [答案]1．are not/aren't protected2．were cut down3．were built4．be allowed5．are killed/have been killed 6．was set up7．was picked up8．are not/aren't prevented 三．语法选择 （1） （2025·广东汕头·一模）What do you usually do in your spare time? Many students choose to stay at home, but not Zhang Hua, an 11-year-old boy 1 comes from Shantou. He spends at least two hours on outdoor activities every day. Zhang Hua used 2 in his P. E. classes at school, and he never went out for enough exercise. One year ago his father noticed that, so he took his son to do outdoor activities. Now Zhang is famous for outdoor activities on 3 Internet. Many people show their opinions about Zhang and discuss 4 exercise after school is good for students. Some teenagers say exercise can make them relaxed and improve their memory. Their brains become 5 than usual after doing sports. Although facing increasing pressure in studies, they join the school’s sport programs. It is not only a way to relax 6 a kind of training for willpower (毅力). However, some parents think two hours are too much for students. “If my daughter joins in it, her study 7 ,” a lady said. They have so much homework that they 8 have time for sports. Parents are also worried 9 the safety of outdoor activities because kids may do crazy and risky things. In fact, both parents and children like outdoor activities. They agree that outdoor activities play an important role in their daily life and help 10 a lot. 1．A．which B．who C．where 2．A．exercise B．to exercising C．to exercise 3．A．a B．an C．the 4．A．why B．which C．how 5．A．active B．more active C．the most active 6．A．and B．but also C．or 7．A．is influenced B．will influence C．will be influenced 8．A．hardly B．ever C．usually 9．A．with B．about C．of 10．A．them B．their C．they 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文以张华为例讲述了户外运动及户外运动的好处。 1．句意：许多学生选择待在家里，但不是来自汕头的11岁男孩张华。 which定语从句关系代词，先行词为物；who定语从句关系代词，先行词为人；where定语从句关系副词，先行词为地点名词。根据“but not Zhang Hua, an 11-year-old boy”可知，先行词是人，应使用关系代词who。故选B。 2．句意：张华过去在学校的体育课中锻炼，而且他从来没有出去锻炼过。 exercise锻炼，动词原形；to exercising锻炼；to exercise锻炼，动词不定式。used to do“过去常常做某事”，此处应用不定式。故选C。 3．句意：现在张因户外活动而在因特网上出名。 a一个，不定冠词表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，定冠词表特指。根据“Internet”可知，此处特指互联网，用定冠词the。故选C。 4．句意：许多人表达了对张的看法，并讨论放学后哪种运动对学生有好处。 why为什么；which哪一个；how怎样。根据“discuss...exercise after school is good for students.”可知，此处引导宾语从句，讨论的是“为什么放学后锻炼对学生有好处”，用why引导。故选A。 5．句意：他们的大脑在运动后变得比平时更活跃。 active积极的；more active更积极的，比较级；the most active最积极的，最高级。根据“than”可知。此处是比较句，用比较级more active。故选B。 6．句意：这不仅是一种放松的方式，也是一种锻炼意志力的方式。 and和；but also但也；or或者。根据“It is not only a way to relax...a kind of training”可知，此处表示“不仅是，也是”，故选B。 7．句意：如果我女儿参加的话，她的学习将被影响。 is influenced被影响，一般现在时的被动语态；will influence将影响，一般将来时；will be influenced将被影响，一般将来时的被动语态。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，故此处为一般将来时的被动语态，用“will be influenced”。故选C。 8．句意：他们作业太多，几乎没有时间做运动。 hardly几乎不；ever曾经；usually通常。根据句意可知，因为作业太多，所以没时间做运动，用hardly表示几乎没有。故选A。 9．句意：家长们也担心户外活动的安全性。 with和；about关于；of 属于……的。be worried about表示“担心”，固定短语。故选B。 10．句意：他们一致认为，它在他们的日常生活中起着重要作用，而且对他们帮助很大。 them他/她/它们，人称代词宾格；their他/她/它们的，形容词性物主代词；they他们/她们/它们，人称代词主格。根据“help”可知，主语是they，此处放在动词help之后作宾语，应用宾格them。故选A。 （2） （2025·广东汕头·一模）About three years ago, I felt very unhappy. I didn’t like my classmates, my parents, or anyone else. My classmates didn’t want 1 with me. They always laughed at me. My parents were always saying that 2 kids were better than me. I thought I was unlucky and no one cared about me. One day, I had a big fight with one of my 3 , Andy. I was so angry that I hit him 4 the face. Just at that moment, 5 boy stood up and stopped the fight. He was the monitor of our class. His name was Jack. After that, he often helped me. He talked to me and listened to my problems. And we became good friends. Whenever I got angry or sad, he would help me to cool down. He taught me how to stay calm. Many problems 6 by him. Since the monitor helped me, I 97 many positive changes in my life. We spent a lot of interesting days together. We played basketball, studied and shared stories. Gradually, I became a happy boy. And it seems that the people around me have changed, too. My parents don’t shout at 8 anymore and my classmates are friendly. How nice the days were 9 we were together! If we want people to treat us 10 , we have to be nicer to people first. Now, I always try to help others, just like Jack helped me. Life is much happier when we care for each other. 1．A．to talk B．talking C．talked 2．A．the others B．others C．other 3．A．classmates B．classmate C．classmate’s 4．A．on B．in C．under 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．solved B．is solved C．were solved 7．A．experience B．experienced C．have experienced 8．A．I B．me C．my 9．A．when B．before C．where 10．A．good B．better C．best 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个朋友对作者的帮助。 1．句意：我的同学不想和我说话。 to talk去交谈，动词不定式；talking交谈，动名词/现在分词；talked交谈过，过去式/过去分词。want to do“想要做某事”，故选A。 2．句意：我的父母总是说其他的孩子比我好。 the others 其他的人/物特指剩下的全部；others其他人/物，泛指；other其他的，形容词，后接名词。根据“kids”可知，其他孩子，other+名词复数，故选C。 3．句意：有一天，我和我的一个同学安迪大吵了一架。 classmates同学们，复数；classmate同学，单数；classmate’s同学的，所有格。根据“one of”可知，后接名词复数，故选A。 4．句意：我非常生气，打了他的脸。 on在……上面；in在……里面；under在……下面。根据“the face”可知，脸部是柔软的，hit sb in+部位，故选B。 5．句意：就在这时，一个男孩站了起来，制止了打架。 a一个（辅音音素前）；an一个（元音音素前）；the这个/那个（特指）。根据“boy”可知，泛指一个男孩，boy是辅音音素开头，故选A。 6．句意：许多问题被他解决了。 solved解决了（过去式）；is solved被解决（被动语态，单数）；were solved被解决了（被动语态，复数）。根据“Many problems”可知，主语与谓语是被动关系，主语复数，句子时态一般过去时，故选C。 7．句意：自从班长帮助我，我经历了许多积极变化。 experience经历（名词/动词原形）；experienced经历过（过去式）；have experienced已经经历过（现在完成时）。根据“Since the monitor helped me”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，故选C。 8．句意：我的父母不再对我大喊大叫，我的同学对我变得很友好。 I我（主格）；me我（宾格）；my我的（所有格）。根据“shout at”可知，介词后用宾格，故选B。 9．句意：我们在一起的日子多么美好啊！ when当……时候；before在……之前；where在……地方。根据“we were together”可知，此处是指当我们在一起的日子，故选A。 10．句意：如果我们想让别人更好地对待我们，自己要先友善。 good好的（原级）；better更好的（比较级）；best最好的（最高级）。根据“we have to be nicer to people first”可知，此处需要比较级，故选B。 （3） （2025·广东汕头·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Kaiping city is located in the southwestern part of Guangdong Province. It is one of the famous homes to overseas (海外的) Chinese. This city is famous for the multifunctional (多功能的) houses with 1 own style. These houses are called Kaiping Diaolou, which is a symbol of the city. No visit to Kaiping is perfect without a trip to Diaolou. When you get there, you must be amazed by 2 pretty the Diaolou is. Those houses were built by the returned overseas Chinese 3 the late 19th and early 20th centuries. There are special designs and different 4 on the walls. Kaiping Diaolou 5 on the World Cultural Heritage by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in  2007. In the past, Kaiping Diaolou was used as 6 place during wars and as homes for families. At present, it is a popular tourist attraction and 7 the attention of tourists. Some of the buildings are made up of bridges and walkways, which make them look really special and cool. In a word, going to Kaiping Diaolou is 8 amazing experience. Many people who like history, culture and architecture (建筑学) choose 9 Kaiping Diaolou during their vacation. These unique buildings not only witness (见证) the hard struggle 10 also show the spirit of the overseas people of Jiangmen in modern history. 1．A．they B．their C．them 2．A．how B．what C．why 3．A．at B．on C．during 4．A．color B．colors C．color’s 5．A．was listed B．is listed C．listed 6．A．safe B．safer C．the safest 7．A．draws B．drew C．will draw 8．A．an B．a C．the 9．A．to visit B．visiting C．visit 10．A．and B．or C．but 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了广东开平碉楼的历史、建筑特色和文化意义。 1．句意：这座城市以其具有独特风格的多功能房屋而闻名。 they他们；their他们的；them他们，宾格。根据“own style.”可知，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故选B。 2．句意：当你到达那里时，你一定会惊叹于碉楼有多么漂亮。 how多么；what什么；why为什么。根据“pretty the Diaolou is”可知，中心词是pretty，how修饰，故选A。 3．句意：这些房屋是由19世纪末20世纪初归国华侨建造的。 at在，表示时间点；on在，表示具体某一天；during在……期间。根据“the late 19th”可知，在19世纪末20世纪初期间建造，故选C。 4．句意：墙上有特殊的设计和不同的颜色。 color颜色，单数；colors颜色，复数；color’s颜色的，所有格。根据“different”可知，需要名词复数 ，故选B。 5．句意：开平碉楼于2007年被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。 was listed被列入，过去时；is listed被列入，现在时； listed被列入，过去分词。根据“on the World Cultural Heritage by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 2007”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，主语与谓语是被动关系，故选A。 6．句意：在过去，开平碉楼在战争期间被用作安全场所，同时也是家庭的住所。 safe安全的；safer更安全的； the safest最安全的。根据“place during wars”可知，形容词作定语，此处是最安全的地方，故选C。 7．句意：目前，它是一个受欢迎的旅游景点，并吸引了游客的注意。 draws吸引，现在时；drew吸引，过去时；will draw将吸引，将来时。根据“At present”可知，句子时态一般现在时，故选A。 8．句意：总之，去开平碉楼是一次令人惊叹的经历。 an一个，用于元音音素前；a一个，用于辅音音素前； the这个，特指。根据“amazing experience”可知，不定冠词泛指，amazing是元音音素开头，an符合句意，故选A。 9．句意：许多喜欢历史、文化和建筑的人选择在假期参观开平碉楼。 to visit去参观，不定式；visiting参观，动名词；visit参观，动词原形。根据“choose to do sth”可知，需要动词不定式，故选A。 10．句意：这些独特的建筑不仅见证了艰苦的奋斗，还展现了近代历史上江门华侨的精神。 and和，表示并列；or或者，表示选择；but但是，表示转折。not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，故选C。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 动词的时态语态（复习讲义） 动词的时态 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 一般现在时 考点二 现在进行时 考点三 过去进行时 考点四 一般过去时 考点五 现在完成时 考点六 一般将来时 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1．从命题形式上看，主要出现在单项选择、完形填空题中。 2．从命题内容上看，主要考查时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时） 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 单项选择 第7、8、9、10小题 第7、8、9、10小题 第7、8、9、10小题 完形填空 第17小题 第19小题 第14、20小题 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时） 主要在单项选择、完形填空题中考查。 考点一 一般现在时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A．visits B．was visiting C．will visit D．has visited 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词：主语+am/is/are+n./adj.（+其他） 2.谓语动词为实义动词：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数（+其他） 用法 1.表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作或现在的状态。 She likes to help others./A lot of people in China travel by high-speed train every year. 2.表客观事实或普遍真理。 The earth goes around the sun. 3.在if、unless、when、until/till、as soon as等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作（主将从现——主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）。 If you keep working hard, you will succeed some day. What are you going to be when you grow up? 标志性时间状语 表示频率的词语：always、usually、often、sometimes、once/twice a week等 表示重复出现的词语：on Mondays、 every day/week/month/year等 注意 动词第三人称单数的构成 规则 示例 一般在词尾加-s play—plays, believe—believes, say—says 以/s/、/ʃ/、/tʃ/音素结尾或以o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es fix—fixes, finish—finishes, watch—watches, go—goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i加-es study—studies, marry—marries, satisfy—satisfies 在if、unless、when、until/till、as soon as等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作（主将从现——主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）。 If you keep working hard, you will succeed some day. What are you going to be when you grow up? 1．（2025·北京海淀·三模）She ________ going out for a walk after dinner. A．enjoyed B．has enjoyed C．enjoys D．is enjoying 2．（2025·北京东城·二模）Mike ________ the bus to school when it is rainy or snowy. A．takes B．took C．is taking D．has taken 3．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）Tony will begin to do his homework as soon as he ________ home. A．got B．gets C．is getting D．has got 考点二 现在进行时 1．（2023·北京·中考真题）—Lucy, what are you doing? —I ________ a model ship. A．make B．made C．am making D．was making 构成 主语+am/is/are+动词的-ing形式（+其他） 用法 1.表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事。 He is watching TV now./Look! Jeff is helping a blind man cross the road. 2.表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。 I am reading an interesting book these days. 3.表示计划或安排好的将来要做的事情，用现在进行时表示将来。 We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 标志性时间状语 表示“此时此刻”的词语：now、right now、at the moment 表示某事正在发生的场景句：Look!/Listen!/What are you doing?/Where is...?/... 表示当前一段时间的词语：these days等 注意 动词的-ing形式的构成 规则 示例 一般直接在词尾加-ing fly—flying, sell—selling, go—going, see—seeing 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing smile—smiling, make—making, move—moving 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母再加-ing begin—beginning, cut—cutting, forget—forgetting, get—getting, hit—hitting, plan—planning, put—putting, run—running, sit—sitting, shop—shopping, stop—stopping 少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie为y，再加-ing die—dying, tie—tying, lie—lying 1．（2025·北京东城·二模）—Why is the music room so noisy? —Some students ________ for the talent show there. A．practice B．practiced C．will practice D．are practicing 2．（2025·北京平谷·二模）—Excuse me, can I use your computer now? —No, I ________ an important report on it. A．am writing B．wrote C．write D．will write 3．（2025·北京朝阳·二模）The workers ________ the road for the new subway station now. A．repair B．repaired C．are repairing D．have repaired 考点三 过去进行时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A．draws B．was drawing C．is drawing D．will draw 构成 主语+was/were+动词的-ing形式（+其他） 用法 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作： 1.与表示过去某个时间点的时间状语连用。 What were you doing at eight last night? 2.用在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，或两个动作正在同时进行。 He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came. While I was going through the forest, I fell on the ground. While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 标志性时间状语 at that time/moment、at this time yesterday、过去的具体时间（如at 9 o'clock yesterday morning）、when/while 引导的时间状语从句（while从句中多用过去进行时）等 1．（2025·北京海淀·三模）They ________ a movie in the cinema when their friend called them to join a party. A．watch B．has watched C．were watching D．watched 2．（2025·北京东城·二模）While I ________ my bedroom yesterday, I found my old toys. A．cleaned B．was cleaning C．clean D．have cleaned 3．（2025·北京房山·二模）—Bob, what were you doing at nine o’clock yesterday morning? —I ________ kites with my friends. A．am flying B．was flying C．have flown D．will fly 4．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）When Mr. Smith came into the classroom, we ________ the maths problem. A．were discussing B．will discuss C．have discussed D．discuss 考点四 一般过去时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词：主语+was/were+n./adj.（+其他） 2.谓语动词为实义动词：主语+动词的过去式（+其他） 用法 表过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 They came up with some ideas to offer the young more jobs last month. When I was a child, I often went to that park/I used to go to that park. （表过去习惯性或经常发生的动作，还可用“used to+动词原形”来表示） 标志性时间状语 just now、yesterday、last week/month/year、in2008、in the past、a few days ago、once upon a time、at the age of five、when I was 5 years old等 注意 动词过去式和过去分词的构成 不规则变化 类型 示例 类型 示例 A-B-C型 begin→began→begun A-B-B型 bring→brought→brought A-B-A型 become→became→become A-A-A型 cut→cut→cut 注：更多不规则变化详见《词汇默背册》P141 规则变化 规则变化 原形 过去式及-ed/-d的发音 过去分词 一般直接加-ed watch stay want watched /t/ stayed /d/ wanted /ɪd/ watched stayed wanted 以e结尾的动词，加-d love loved /d/ loved 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed cry cried /d/ cried 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母再加-ed plan prefer drop stop shop chat fit planned /d/ preferred /d/ dropped /t/ stopped /t/ shopped /t /chatted /ɪd/ fitted /ɪd/ planned preferred dropped stopped shopped chatted fitted 1．（2025·北京房山·二模）—What did you do last Sunday Tom? —I ________ the kids make paper-cutting in the Children’s Home. A．help B．helped C．will help D．am helping 2．（2025·北京石景山·二模）My dad _________ a speech in the university last month. A．gives B．gave C．is giving D．will give 3．（2025·北京丰台·二模）Beijing ________ the world’s first human and robot marathon in April, 2025. A．hold B．is holding C．will hold D．held 考点五 现在完成时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 构成 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（+其他） 用法 1.表示过去发生的动作或事件对现在造成影响。 I have seen this film. I do not want to see it again. （过去已经看过电影，对现在的影响是不想再看一遍） 2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常和“for+时间段”或“since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子”连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。 ①They have been friends since they first met.（从首次见面成为朋友，持续到现在） ②We have been friends for nearly 5 years. （从5年前成为朋友，持续到现在） 标志性时 间状语 for+时间段、since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子、already（肯定句）/yet（否定句/疑问句）、just、ever、never、so far、up to now、in the past/last three years、recently/lately、表示次数的once/twice/three times等 1 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的应用 现在完成时可以表示动作从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在,在肯定句中与一段时间连用时应注意谓语动词应是延续性动词。如： （）I've left this school for eight years. （）I've been away from this school for eight years. （）He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. （）He has kept my dictionary for two days. 此时可将非延续性动词（组）转化为延续性动词（组），如：buy—have、borrow—keep、put on—wear、open—be open、close—be closed、begin/start—be on、finish—be over、go/leave—be away、join—be in、become—be、die—be dead。 2 区分have gone to、have been to与have been in/at 1.have gone to→“去了某地”（表示去了某地，人还没回来），只能用于第三人称。 例：Mary isn't here. She has gone to Beijing. 2.have been to→“去过某地”（表示去过某地，现在已经回来了）。 例：David has been to many space camps over the last eight years. 3.have been in/at→“待在某地”（强调从过去某时间到现在一直待在某地），通常与一段时间连用。 例：I have been in Shanghai for three years. 3 区分一般过去时和现在完成时 不同点 时态 用法说明 例句 侧重点不同 现在完成时 是与现在有关的时态，属于现在时态的范畴，侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have already seen the film. （说明“看”这个动作发生在过去，现在对这部电影的内容有所了解） 一般过去时 是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关 I saw a film yesterday. （仅说明昨天“看电影”这件事，与现在无关） 连用的时间状语不同 现在完成时 与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already、yet、just、so far、in the last/past...、 ever、 never、since...、for...等 Have you ever been to Shanghai?（不强调什么时间去的，只问有没有这个经历） 一般过去时 一般过去时则常与...ago、yesterday、last...、in+过去的年份、just now等连用 I went to Shanghai in 2022. （强调发生的具体时间） 1．（2025·北京东城·二模）Steve ________ three short stories since he joined the writing club last year. A．writes B．wrote C．has written D．was writing 2．（2025·北京房山·二模）My sister ________ swimming for three years, so she can swim very fast. A．practises B．practiced C．will practise D．has practised 3．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）—Mary, is your father a teacher? —Yes, he is. He ________ English since he graduated from university. A．teaches B．is teaching C．has taught D．will teach 4．（2025·北京石景山·二模）—What do you think of the story Journey to the West? —It’s very interesting. I _________ it twice. A．read B．have read C．am reading D．was reading 考点六 一般将来时 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A．where we are going B．where we went C．where are we going D．where did we go 构成及用法 1.主语+will+动词原形（+其他），表示将来的动作或存在的状态。 What will the future be like? 2.主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形（+其他），表示打算、计划或准备做某事。 What are you going to do when you grow up? 标志性时间状语 next week/month/year、in+时间段（如in two days）、in the future、soon、tomorrow等 1．（2025·北京房山·二模）Believe in yourself! If you work hard every day, your dream ________ true in the future. A．comes B．came C．will come D．has come 2．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）—I hear your class will have a charity sale next Friday. —Yes. We ________ old books and toys to raise money for poor kids. A．will sell B．have sold C．sell D．sold 3．（2025·北京丰台·二模）—What’s your plan for this summer vacation? —We ________ a trip to Harbin. It’s cool in summer there. A．took B．will take C．have taken D．take 4．（2025·北京平谷·二模）—Do you have any plans for this weekend? —Yes, I ________ to the library to study for my exams. A．have gone B．go C．went D．will go 一．单项选择 1．（2024·北京·中考真题）With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 2．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing? —Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study. A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 3．（2024·北京·中考真题）A lot of people in China ________ by high-speed train every year. A．travel B．traveled C．will travel D．have traveled 4．（2024·北京·中考真题）—What did you do last Saturday, Tina? —I ________ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there. A．go B．went C．will go D．was going 5．（2023·北京·中考真题）Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science. A．is learning B．was learning C．will learn D．has learned 6．（2023·北京·中考真题）If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you ________ a great time there. A．have B．had C．will have D．have had 7．（2023·北京·中考真题）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023. A．return B．returned C．will return D．have returned 8．（2022·北京·中考真题）Jim _________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 9．（2022·北京·中考真题）I ________ about my sister when my phone rang. It was her! A．think B．will think C．was thinking D．am thinking 10．（2022·北京·中考真题）Don’t lose heart. If you keep working hard, you _________ some day. A．will succeed B．succeed C．succeeded D．have succeeded 11．（2022·北京·中考真题）The workers _________ the community center now. A．cleaned B．were cleaning C．will clean D．are cleaning 12．（2021·北京·中考真题）—Lily, what do you usually do after school? —I ________ exercise with my friends. A．do B．did C．will do D．was doing 13．（2021·北京·中考真题）Mr. Smith ________ Chinese for two years.  He’s much better at it now. A．learns B．was learning C．has learned D．will learn 14．（2021·北京·中考真题）My parents and I ________ trees last Sunday. A．plant B．will plant C．are planting D．planted 15．（2021·北京·中考真题）—Peter, what are you doing? —Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes. A．will write B．am writing C．wrote D．have written 16．（2025·北京大兴·二模）Many people around the world ________ Chinese learning websites every day to improve their Chinese. A．visits B．visit C．visited D．will visit 17．（2025·北京海淀·二模）— What do you usually do in your free time, Mary? — I ________ movies at home. It’s a great way to relax. A．watch B．watched C．will watch D．was watching 18．（2025·北京大兴·二模）— Hi, Jim. What did your sister do last Friday evening? — She ________ a movie with her friends. A．watches B．watched C．is watching D．will watch 19．（2025·北京西城·二模）My friends encouraged me to try again after I________ the game. A．am losing B．lose C．will lose D．lost 20．（2025·北京顺义·二模）The Shenzhou XIX mission astronauts ________ safely at the Dongfeng Landing Site on April 30, 2025. A．land B．landed C．were landing D．will land 21．（2025·北京西城·二模）— Have you finished your book review? — Not yet. I ________ it next week. A．finish B．finished C．have finished D．will finish 22．（2025·北京房山·一模）Look! Some of our classmates ________ basketball on the playground now. A．are playing B．have played C．were playing D．played 23．（2025·北京东城·一模）—Emma, can you come and help me lay the table? —Just a moment. I _______ my desk. A．tidy B．am tidying C．have tidied D．was tidying 24．（2025·北京石景山·二模）Carlos _________ when I met him yesterday afternoon. A．shops B．is shopping C．will shop D．was shopping 25．（2025·北京海淀·三模）He ________ basketball for 3 years. Now he is good at it. A．plays B．has played C．played D．is playing 26．（2025·北京丰台·二模）The little boy ________ Beijing Opera since he was five. A．has learned B．learns C．will learn D．is learning 27．（2025·北京大兴·二模）Texting ________ very popular since the first text message in 1992. A．becomes B．became C．will become D．has become 28．（2025·北京西城·二模）Sally ________ several lovely characters since she joined the Cartoon Club. A．creates B．has created C．will create D．is creating 29．（2025·北京顺义·二模）Mike ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 30．（2025·北京平谷·二模）I ________ about my sister when my phone rang. It was her! A．thought B．will think C．was thinking D．am thinking 31．（2025·北京西城·二模）—Where is Tony? —I am not sure. He ________ with Bob in the gym when I saw him just now. A．is talking B．talked C．was talking D．has talked 32．（2025·北京顺义·二模）I ________ on the computer when mum called me last night. A．worked B．work C．am working D．was working 33．（2025·北京海淀·二模）Dad ________ dinner when I arrived home yesterday. A．is cooking B．has cooked C．was cooking D．will cook 34．（2025·安徽安庆·二模）—What a heavy rain! When did it start? —I _________ on the way to my office then. A．drove B．will drive C．have driven D．was driving 35．（2024·北京西城·模拟预测）—Excuse me, can we check in now? —Just a moment please. I ________ a problem of our computer. A．fix B．fixed C．have fixed D．am fixing 36．（2025·北京门头沟·一模）—Hello! May I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, my father ________ an online meeting. Please call him later. A．has B．had C．has had D．is having 37．（2025·北京延庆·模拟预测）I ________ plans for the summer holiday when Mr. Wang called me last night. A．am making B．was making C．will make D．have made 38．（2025·北京·一模）—What is Lucy doing? —She ________ for the class project in her room. A．prepares B．prepared C．is preparing D．was preparing 39．（2025·北京丰台·一模）—You look busy, Bob. What are you doing these days? —Oh, I ________ for the coming writing competition. A．prepare B．will prepare C．prepared D．am preparing 40．（2025·北京房山·一模）You ________ a wonderful experience if you go hiking with us next week. A．have B．had C．have had D．will have 41．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）—Have you heard Ne Zha will go on till the end of this month! —Really? I can’t wait! I ________ tickets to enjoy the fantastic film. A．buy B．bought C．will buy D．have bought 42．（2025·北京大兴·一模）—Ms. Lisa, could you tell me ________? —Sure. At two o’clock tomorrow afternoon. A．when the speech will begin B．when will the speech begin C．when the speech began D．when did the speech begin 43．（2025·北京东城·一模）—Lucy, have you heard about the school-leavers’ party next month? —Yes! I think we _______ a great time. A．will have B．had C．have D．have had 44．（2025·北京门头沟·一模）—Could you tell me ________ for a school trip next Friday? —To the Palace Museum. We can learn more about Chinese history and culture. A．where did we go B．where we went C．where will we go D．where we will go 45．（2025·北京海淀·二模）When Jerry was in Grade 8, he ________ the art club and made many friends. A．join B．joined C．will join D．has joined 46．（2025·北京昌平·二模）—Sara, do you remember ________ the science experiment? —Yes! Last Monday. A．when did we do B．when we did C．when will we do D．when we will do 47．（2025·北京昌平·二模）—What did you do this morning, Amy? —I ________ my bedroom and did my homework. A．clean B．cleaned C．have cleaned D．will clean 48．（2025·北京·模拟预测）Tom decided that he ________ eating fast food three years ago. A．was stopping B．stops C．stopped D．is stopping 49．（2025·北京海淀·模拟预测）Last year, the company ______ a new type of smart phone that can fold in half. A．invents B．invented C．will invent D．had invented 50．（2025·北京朝阳·二模）Many foreigners come to China and ________ Chinese food these years. A．enjoy B．enjoyed C．will enjoy D．were enjoying 51．（2025·北京昌平·二模）Jason is a warm-hearted guy. He ________ in the community every Saturday. A．volunteer B．is volunteering C．volunteers D．volunteered 52．（2025·北京延庆·模拟预测）I’m on the school table tennis team, and I often ________ a match after school. A．have B．had C．will have D．have had 53．（2025·北京顺义·一模）Peter likes reading very much. He ________ books with his dad every evening. A．read B．reads C．is reading D．has read 54．（2025·北京平谷·一模）My grandma always ______ a walk to keep fit after dinner. A．took B．is taking C．takes D．take 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 John's family 1. （move） to Shanghai when his dad got a new job last year. By now he 2. （live） there for nearly a year. John 3. （be） lonely at first and missed his old friends. But now he 4. （love） that place and he has made a lot of friends. His best friend is Mike. They 5. （share） the same hobby—watching Harry Potter films. When John first met Mike, he 6. （watch） one of the Harry Potter films, and they 7. （start） talking about that film. Next summer, they 8. （visit） the Universal Studios Beijing to experience the scenes in Harry Potter. John's classmates will probably get postcards from him, saying “I am having so much fun in the Harry Potter theme park”. 动词的语态 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 被动语态的构成 考点二 被动语态的用法 考点三 主动语态与被动语态的转换 考点四 主动语态与被动语态的转换 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1．从命题形式上看，主要出现在单项选择、完形填空题中。 2．从命题内容上看，主要考查被动时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态） 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 单项选择 第11小题 第11小题 第11小题 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：被动时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态） 主要在单项选择中考查。 考点一 被动语态的构成 1．（2025·北京房山·二模）Every year, thousands of trees ________ in our city to make the environment greener. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 2．（2025·北京海淀·三模）The new library ________ last year and it has become a popular place for students. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 3．（2025·北京东城·二模）Smart robots ________ by more and more people around the world in the future. A．use B．will use C．are used D．will be used 4．（2022·北京·一模）The plants must________ every three days, or they will fail to grow. A．water B．watering C．be watered D．watered 语态分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（done）”构成。其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词时完全一样。 分类 被动结构 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are+done Chinese is spoken by more and more people around the world nowadays. 一般过去时 was/were+done Tea was invented by accident about 5,000 years ago. 一般将来时 will+be+done； am/is/are going to+be+done To make the environment much better, more trees will be planted next year. 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done The hair product is being used at present. 现在完成时 have/has+been+done How much e-waste has been produced? 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+done 16-year-old teenagers shouldn't be allowed to drive. Something must be done about the present situation. 1．（2025·北京丰台·二模）These flowers look beautiful. They ________ every week. A．water B．watered C．were watered D．are watered 2．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）The Shenzhou-20 spaceship ________ into space successfully on April 24, 2025. A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．was sent 3．（2025·北京昌平·二模）The famous structure of DNA________ in 1953. A．discover B．discovered C．is discovered D．was discovered 4．（2024·北京石景山·一模） The sweater can’t ______ in the machine. A．wash B．washed C．be washed D．be washing 考点二 被动语态的用法 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。通常有以下两种情况： 1.主语是人，但为动作的承受者，可翻译为“（主语）被……”，谓语动词使用被动语态。 如：The artists are encouraged to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms.（艺术家们被鼓励） 2.主语是物，且为动作的承受者，可翻译为“（主语）被……”，谓语动词使用被动语态。 如：A new supermarket will be built on Centre Street next year.（超市将被建造） 考点四 主动语态与被动语态的转换 将主动语态转换为被动语态的核心是将主动句中的宾语转换成被动句中的主语。 考点三 主动表被动 情况 示例 谓语动词为系动词（feel、taste、sound、smell、look、keep、stay、remain、prove等） This material feels very soft.（这块材料摸上去很柔软。） 表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词（sell、read、write、wash、wear等）与well、easily等副词连用时 This kind of food sells well.（这种食物很畅销。） The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅。） 用于“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构 This question is hard to answer.（这个问题很难回答。） 一．单项选择 1．（2025·北京西城·二模）If children ________ more chances to do things on their own, they will become more independent. A．will be given B．give C．are given D．have given 2．（2025·北京顺义·二模）Today, AI tools ________ by students to complete their projects efficiently. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 3．（2025·北京海淀·二模）The Dragon Boat Festival ________ on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．celebrates D．celebrated 4．（2025·北京大兴·二模）—Hey, Sam. Where did you get this picture? —Oh, it ________ by a friend of mine in 2023 at the Great Wall. A．takes B．took C．is taken D．was taken 5．（2025·北京·模拟预测）Nearly everybody here knows ________. A．when the old factory built B．when did the old factory build C．when is the old factory built D．when the old factory was built 6．（2025·北京石景山·二模）The Science Museum _________ to the public in 2026. A．opens B．opened C．is opened D．will be opened 7．（2025·北京平谷·二模）Beijing Subway Line 22 ________ by the end of 2025. A．completed B．was completed C．will complete D．will be completed 8．（2025·北京朝阳·二模）Some big shopping malls ________ in Beijing next year. A．build B．built C．are built D．will be built 9．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）The 2025 World Table Tennis Champion Macao ______ from September 8th to 14th. I’m looking forward to the fantastic games. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 二．用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 As many animals are going extinct, we must do something to protect them. First, we should protect their habitats. If their living places 1. （not protect）, animals will have nowhere to live. Last year, many trees 2. （cut down） to build roads in the mountains, and fences 3. （build） along the roads, which caused inconvenience to wildlife. Second, any form of hunting shouldn't 4. （allow）. A lot of animals 5. （kill） just for their beautiful fur, which is so cruel. We should also protect the environment. A project 6. （set up） in our school last month and a lot of rubbish 7. （pick up） by volunteers on the mountains last week. But if people 8. （not prevent） from entering these areas, the problem will continue. 三．语法选择 （1） （2025·广东汕头·一模）What do you usually do in your spare time? Many students choose to stay at home, but not Zhang Hua, an 11-year-old boy 1 comes from Shantou. He spends at least two hours on outdoor activities every day. Zhang Hua used 2 in his P. E. classes at school, and he never went out for enough exercise. One year ago his father noticed that, so he took his son to do outdoor activities. Now Zhang is famous for outdoor activities on 3 Internet. Many people show their opinions about Zhang and discuss 4 exercise after school is good for students. Some teenagers say exercise can make them relaxed and improve their memory. Their brains become 5 than usual after doing sports. Although facing increasing pressure in studies, they join the school’s sport programs. It is not only a way to relax 6 a kind of training for willpower (毅力). However, some parents think two hours are too much for students. “If my daughter joins in it, her study 7 ,” a lady said. They have so much homework that they 8 have time for sports. Parents are also worried 9 the safety of outdoor activities because kids may do crazy and risky things. In fact, both parents and children like outdoor activities. They agree that outdoor activities play an important role in their daily life and help 10 a lot. 1．A．which B．who C．where 2．A．exercise B．to exercising C．to exercise 3．A．a B．an C．the 4．A．why B．which C．how 5．A．active B．more active C．the most active 6．A．and B．but also C．or 7．A．is influenced B．will influence C．will be influenced 8．A．hardly B．ever C．usually 9．A．with B．about C．of 10．A．them B．their C．they （2） （2025·广东汕头·一模）About three years ago, I felt very unhappy. I didn’t like my classmates, my parents, or anyone else. My classmates didn’t want 1 with me. They always laughed at me. My parents were always saying that 2 kids were better than me. I thought I was unlucky and no one cared about me. One day, I had a big fight with one of my 3 , Andy. I was so angry that I hit him 4 the face. Just at that moment, 5 boy stood up and stopped the fight. He was the monitor of our class. His name was Jack. After that, he often helped me. He talked to me and listened to my problems. And we became good friends. Whenever I got angry or sad, he would help me to cool down. He taught me how to stay calm. Many problems 6 by him. Since the monitor helped me, I 97 many positive changes in my life. We spent a lot of interesting days together. We played basketball, studied and shared stories. Gradually, I became a happy boy. And it seems that the people around me have changed, too. My parents don’t shout at 8 anymore and my classmates are friendly. How nice the days were 9 we were together! If we want people to treat us 10 , we have to be nicer to people first. Now, I always try to help others, just like Jack helped me. Life is much happier when we care for each other. 1．A．to talk B．talking C．talked 2．A．the others B．others C．other 3．A．classmates B．classmate C．classmate’s 4．A．on B．in C．under 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．solved B．is solved C．were solved 7．A．experience B．experienced C．have experienced 8．A．I B．me C．my 9．A．when B．before C．where 10．A．good B．better C．best （3） （2025·广东汕头·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Kaiping city is located in the southwestern part of Guangdong Province. It is one of the famous homes to overseas (海外的) Chinese. This city is famous for the multifunctional (多功能的) houses with 1 own style. These houses are called Kaiping Diaolou, which is a symbol of the city. No visit to Kaiping is perfect without a trip to Diaolou. When you get there, you must be amazed by 2 pretty the Diaolou is. Those houses were built by the returned overseas Chinese 3 the late 19th and early 20th centuries. There are special designs and different 4 on the walls. Kaiping Diaolou 5 on the World Cultural Heritage by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in  2007. In the past, Kaiping Diaolou was used as 6 place during wars and as homes for families. At present, it is a popular tourist attraction and 7 the attention of tourists. Some of the buildings are made up of bridges and walkways, which make them look really special and cool. In a word, going to Kaiping Diaolou is 8 amazing experience. Many people who like history, culture and architecture (建筑学) choose 9 Kaiping Diaolou during their vacation. These unique buildings not only witness (见证) the hard struggle 10 also show the spirit of the overseas people of Jiangmen in modern history. 1．A．they B．their C．them 2．A．how B．what C．why 3．A．at B．on C．during 4．A．color B．colors C．color’s 5．A．was listed B．is listed C．listed 6．A．safe B．safer C．the safest 7．A．draws B．drew C．will draw 8．A．an B．a C．the 9．A．to visit B．visiting C．visit 10．A．and B．or C．but 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $