专题06 动词时态、语态和主谓一致（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦动词时态、语态和主谓一致三大核心考点，覆盖中考高频的一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等时态，以及不同时态的被动语态和主谓一致规则。资料以“考情分析—框架构建—考点攻坚—预测闯关”为逻辑主线，通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破时态辨析、被动语态转换等难点，体现复习教学的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“真题动向+核心提炼+易错警示”的三位一体教学策略，如针对现在完成时，结合2025南京中考真题引导学生辨析延续性与短暂性动词，培养语言能力和思维品质。设置分层练习配合即时反馈，教师可精准把控节奏，助力学生提升综合运用能力和应试技巧，实现复习效果最大化。

专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 动词时态 考点二 被动语态 考点三 主谓一致 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1.核心围绕“高频时态”（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），其中“现在完成时”（侧重延续性动词、already/yet/ever/never的用法）、“一般过去时与现在完成时的辨析”、“一般将来时的表达”是近三年命题热点，占比约60%，如2025年南京、无锡中考均重点考查现在完成时。 2.被动语态主要考查不同时态的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态。其中以一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态为主，其次涉及到含有情态动词的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态。 热考角度 近年（2025年~2023年）考点示例 1. （2025年 南京中考 单项选择第11题）— How long have you ______ this book? — For two weeks. I must return it to the library tomorrow. (A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent) 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时与延续性动词；结合for two weeks（时间段），现在完成时需用延续性动词，bought、borrowed、lent均为短暂性动词，had（拥有）为延续性动词，符合语境。 2. （2023年 南通中考 单项选择第11题）— What are you doing now? — I ______ my homework. I will finish it in ten minutes. (A. do B. did C. am doing D. will do) 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时；结合时间状语now（现在），可知此处用现在进行时，结构为am/is/are+doing，主语为I，用am doing，符合语境。 3. （2025年 无锡中考 单项选择第12题）The letter ______ by my father yesterday. He wrote it to my grandma. (A. is written B. was written C. will be written D. has been written) 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态；结合时间状语yesterday（昨天），可知用一般过去时，主语the letter是动作write的承受者，被动语态结构为was/were+done，主语为单数，用was written。 4. （2024年 常州中考 单项选择第12题）Our classroom ______ every day. It’s always clean and tidy. (A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned) 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态；结合时间状语every day（每天），可知用一般现在时，主语our classroom是动作clean的承受者，被动语态结构为am/is/are+done，主语为单数，用is cleaned。 命题预测 1. 题干语境丰富，多结合具体时间状语（如yesterday、now、tomorrow、for+时间段、since+时间点）或上下文语境，侧重“时态的语境判断”，避免单纯考查时态结构，需牢记各时态的时间标志和用法差异。题干简洁，多为日期、年龄、数量、顺序的描述，侧重“数词的正确拼写和用法”，避免考查复杂的分数、小数表达，贴合基础备考需求。 2. 核心围绕“高频时态的被动语态”（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态），结构为“am/is/are+done、was/were+done、will be+done”，其中“一般过去时的被动语态”是近命题重点；偶尔涉及“情态动词的被动语态”（can be done、must be done）。 考点一 动词时态 1．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你明天要做什么？——我要去参观博物馆来了解当地的历史。 考查动词时态辨析。根据问句中的时间状语“tomorrow”可知，答句应使用一般将来时，故选C。 2．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师现在不在办公室。她去图书馆了。 考查动词时态。根据“Our English teacher isn’t in the office now”可知，“去图书馆”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了“不在办公室”的影响，需用现在完成时；“has gone to” 符合“去了未回”的语境。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A．tidies B．tidied C．is tidying D．was tidying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，苏西正在整理她的卧室，所以她没有去购物。 考查过去进行时。根据“at this time yesterday”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。 4．（2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：哦，保罗，你长得真快！很快你就会比你爸爸高了。 考查将来时态。根据时间标志词“Soon（很快）”可知，此处表示将来会发生的事情，需用一般将来时（will do）。故选D。 5．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes. A．had B．will have C．have D．would have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在中小学生课间有15分钟的休息时间。 考查动词时态。句中“Now”表示当前的时间状态，说明描述的是现在的客观事实，因此需要用一般现在时。故选C。 6．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）During Guyu, the temperature usually ________ a lot and rain increases. A．rises B．rose C．is rising D．has risen 【答案】A 【详解】句意：谷雨期间，气温通常会大幅回升，降雨量也会增加。 考查时态。根据“During Guyu, the temperature usually...a lot and rain increases.”可知，句子叙述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“the temperature”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故选A。 7．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, the industry of ancient book repairing ________ fast in China now. A．developed B．was developing C．is developing D．will develop 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着人们对文化瑰宝的关注度越来越高，古籍修复行业在中国发展迅速。 考查时态。根据“now”可知此处表示正在迅速发展，用现在进行时，be动词用is。故选C。 8．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel! A．works B．will work C．fails D．will fail 【答案】A 【详解】句意：万分感谢，Julie！如果成功了，你就是我的天使！ 考查动词辨析及if条件句。work成功，有效；fail失败。根据“If it ..., you will be my angel!”可知，此句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，结合“you will be my angel!”可知，如果事情成功，Julie将是对方的天使。故选A。 9．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。 考查动词和动词短语。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 10．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大多数人都认为到目前为止，智能技术已经成为社会的重要组成部分。 考查时态。根据“so far”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 一般现在时 一般过去时 考察最多的主要集中在 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1、动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stop 等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如：The movie starts at six o’clock and ends at 8 o’clock. 2、在时间或条件句中，一般现在时可以表示将来。 3、注意动词过去式的不规则变化 现在进行时 过去进行时 下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如 go, come, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。 例如：My father is arriving at Beijing airport at 3 p.m. tomorrow. 现在完成时 过去完成时 1、注意现在完成时一些标志词，如：already, just, ever, never, before, yet；since 和 for 2、注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词 一般将来时 过去将来时 1、掌握常见时间状语：the next day 2、在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。 1. 一般现在时 · 标志：often, usually, always, every day · 结构：主语 + 动词原形 / 三单 + s/es · 三单变化：同名词复数规则 2. 一般过去时 · 标志：yesterday, last week, …ago, just now · 结构：主语 + 动词过去式 · 不规则：go→went, eat→ate, do→did, have→had 3. 一般将来时 · 标志：tomorrow, next week, in the future · 结构：will + 动词原形 be going to + 动词原形 4. 现在进行时 · 标志：now, look, listen · 结构：am/is/are + doing 5. 过去进行时 · 标志：at that time, at 8:00 last night, when · 结构：was/were + doing 6. 现在完成时 · 标志：already, yet, ever, never, for, since · 结构：have/has + done · 短暂动词不能和 for/since 连用： 错：have died 对：have been dead 1．Last week an engineer successfully ________ my grandfather’s old camera. A．repair B．repaired C．is repairing D．has repaired 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周，一位工程师成功地修理了我祖父的旧相机。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“Last week”可知，动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式repaired。故选B。 2．Some students ________ notes carefully while others were chatting quietly during the lecture. A．were taking B．had taken C．took D．would take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：讲座期间，一些学生正在认真记笔记，而其他人在小声聊天。 考查过去进行时。根据“while others were chatting quietly”可知，句子时态为过去进行时；while引导的从句表示“当……时”，强调两个动作同时发生，因此主句也需用过去进行时。其结构是be+现在分词，主语Some students是复数形式，be动词用were，take的现在分词形式为taking，与A项一致。故选A。 3．She ________ all her homework before her parents came back home. A．had finished B．finished C．were finishing D．would finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在她父母回家之前，她（已经）完成了所有作业。 考查过去完成时。had finished已经完成；finished完成；were finishing正在完成；would finish将要完成。主句动作“完成作业”发生在从句动作“父母回家”之前，且两个动作均为过去时间，因此主句需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词）表示“过去的过去”。故选A。 4．Alex did not feel the light earthquake this morning. He ________ in the park at the time. A．jogged B．was jogging C．has jogged D．would jog 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Alex今天早上没有感觉到轻微的地震。他当时在公园里慢跑。 考查时态。根据“at the time.”可知，强调地震发生的具体时间点动作正在进行，需用过去进行时表示“正在慢跑”。故选B。 5．We ______ to the countryside to pick fruits as soon as the harvest season begins. A．will go B．have gone C．go D．went 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一旦收获季节开始，我们就去摘水果。 考查动词时态。根据“as soon as the harvest season begins”可知，收获季节开始这一情况还未发生，是将来的一种情况，在时间状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，所以这里主句应该用一般将来时will go。故选A。 6．Johnson ________ two tickets for the concert when you called him. A．books B．was booking C．has booked D．had booked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你给约翰逊打电话时，他正在预订两张音乐会的票。 考查动词时态。根据“when you called him”可知，此处指当你给约翰逊打电话时，他正在预订两张音乐会的票，表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作，用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是第三人称单数Johnson，be动词用was。故选B。 7．On November 30, Milkesa ________ first at the 2025 Shanghai Marathon with a time of 2:06:25. A．finishes B．finished C．has finished D．had finished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：11月30日，Milkesa以2:06:25的成绩在2025年上海马拉松比赛中获得第一名。 考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“On November 30”可知，动作发生在过去，句子需使用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选B。 8．Please line up over there and the tour ________ in five minutes. A．begin B．begins C．began D．will begin 【答案】D 【详解】句意：请在那里排队，游览将在五分钟后开始。 考查一般将来时。根据“Please line up over there”和时间状语in five minutes可知，先排队，后参观，说明参观这一动作尚未发生，需用一般将来时，其谓语结构为will+动词原形。故选D。 9．A: Did you notice the bird come in? B: No, I didn’t because I ________ my homework. A．am doing B．was doing C．have done D．had done 【答案】B 【详解】句意：A：你注意到那只鸟飞进来了吗？B：没有，因为我在做作业。 考查时态。am doing现在进行时；was doing过去进行时；have done现在完成时；had done过去完成时。根据问句“Did you notice...”可知对话谈论的是过去发生的事情，而“没注意到鸟飞进来”是因为当时“正在做作业”，强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选B。 10．I’m not sure if it ________ tomorrow. If it ________, we won’t go to the beach. A．will rain… rains B．will rain… will rain C．rains … rains D．rains …will rain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不确定明天是否会下雨。如果下雨，我们就不去海滩了。 考查时态。第一个空，if引导宾语从句，根据“tomorrow”可知，时态是一般将来时，用will+动词原形；第二个空，if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 11．—Where is your father? —He _______ a newspaper in the living room now. A．reads B．read C．is reading D．was reading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你的父亲在哪里？——他现在正在客厅看报纸。 考查动词的时态。根据now“现在”，可知是现在进行时态，结构是be doing，主语He是第三人称单数形式，be动词用is。故选C。 12．—I’m sorry I’m late for the meeting. —It doesn’t matter. The meeting ________ for only five minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has been on D．was on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——抱歉我开会迟到了。——没关系，会议只开了五分钟。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。根据“for only five minutes”可知，此处表示“会议已经进行了五分钟”，强调从过去开始持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时，且动词需具有延续性。begin是非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用，需转换为be on等延续性表达。故选C。 13．“Look, boys and girls. If we heat the water, it ________ steam,” said the teacher. A．had become B．became C．becomes D．has become 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“看，同学们。如果我们加热水，它就会变成蒸汽。”老师说。 考查条件状语从句的时态。had become过去完成时；became一般过去时；becomes一般现在时；has become现在完成时。在条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；但本句主句为“it…steam”，从句为“if we heat the water”，根据科学常识，这是一个客观真理或普遍规律，因此主句也应用一般现在时。故选C。 14．By the time I got to the bus stop, the bus ________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．will leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到达公交站时，公交车已经开走了。 考查过去完成时。left离开，一般过去时；has left已经离开，现在完成时；had left已经离开，过去完成时；will leave将离开，一般将来时。从句时间状语“By the time I got to the bus stop”表示“到我到达公交站时为止”，主句“公交车离开”的动作发生在“我到达”这个过去动作之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故选C。 15．My father ________ to work by car every day, but he ________ by bike yesterday. A．goes; went B．went; goes C．goes; goes D．went; went 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父亲每天开车去上班，但昨天他骑自行车去的。 考查动词时态。goes去，第三人称单数现在时；went去，过去式。第一空有“every day”，表示经常性动作，用一般现在时，主语“My father”是第三人称单数，动词用goes；第二空有“yesterday”，表示过去动作，用一般过去时，动词用went。故选A。 16．—Where is Tom? —He ________ basketball with his friends on the playground. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．has played 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆在哪里？——他正在操场上和他的朋友们打篮球。 考查动词时态辨析。plays玩，一般现在时；played玩，一般过去时；is playing正在玩，现在进行时；has played已经玩，现在完成时。根据“Where is Tom?”可知，询问汤姆现在在哪里，回答应该是正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。故选C。 17．My sister ________ three online courses on environmental protection since 2010. A．completes B．completed C．will complete D．has completed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自2010年以来，我姐姐已经完成了三门关于环境保护的在线课程。 考查动词时态。completes一般现在时，完成；completed一般过去时，完成了；will complete一般将来时，将完成；has completed现在完成时，已经完成。句中有时间状语“since 2010”，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，应使用现在完成时。故选D。 18．—What’s so funny, Jack? —I ________ some interesting videos about animals. Come and join me. A．am watching B．watched C．will watch D．watch 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——杰克，什么事这么好笑？——我正在看一些关于动物的有趣视频。过来和我一起看吧。 考查动词时态。根据问句“What’s so funny?”以及回答中“Come and join me.”可知，说话时杰克正在看视频，时态需用现在进行时，其结构为“is/am/are+现在分词”；主语为“I”，be动词应用am，watch的现在分词为watching。故选A。 19．By the time my parents came back home, I ________ dinner on my own. A．cooked B．was cooking C．would cook D．had cooked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我父母回家时，我已经独自做好了晚饭。 考查过去完成时。cooked做饭，一般过去时；was cooking正在做饭，过去进行时；would cook做饭，过去将来时；had cooked做饭，过去完成时。根据时间状语“By the time my parents came back home”可知，“做饭”发生在“父母回家”之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时 (had + 过去分词)。故选D。 20．Our class planted a tree in the school last month. Ever since, we ________ turns to water it. A．have taken B．take C．will take D．took 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们班上个月在学校种了一棵树。从那以后，我们一直轮流给它浇水。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“Ever since”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。 考点二 被动语态 1．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你感觉到冷空气从窗户透进来时，能量就被浪费了。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“When you feel...”可知，句子是一般现在时，且主语“energy”和动词waste之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，故选B。 2．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It ________ to help deal with food waste. A．will design B．will be designed C．designs D．is designed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：小程序“光盘”在年轻人中很受欢迎。它旨在帮助处理食物浪费。 考查时态和语态。主语it指代“这个小程序”，和动词design之间是被动关系，此处描述客观情况，句子用一般现在时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故选D。 3．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——太可惜了！像你这样的乐迷没有去南通音乐节。——我知道这是几周前举行的。但我是出差。 考查时态和语态。主语it指代“南通音乐节”，和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系，根据“several weeks ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。 4．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年春天种了很多树，所以今年我们可以看到更多的绿色。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last spring”可知，动作发生在过去，且“trees”与“plant”之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态。故选D。 5．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一场时装秀。——太棒了！我很期待。 考查时态和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之间是被动关系，根据“next week”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 6．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 被动语态结构： 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 过去将来时 5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 现在完成时 8. 过去完成时 9. 带情态动词 1. The article is written (by her). 2. The article was written (by her). 3. The article will be written (by her). 4. Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). 5. The article is being written (by her). 6. The article was being written (by her). 7. The article has been written (by her). 8. The teacher said the article had been written (by her). 9. The article might be written by her. 还原to 使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法 1. Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. 2. We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us. 主动表被动： 1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物 2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等 3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中 1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。 2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。 3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。 4. Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。) 6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. · need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。) 没有被动语态的词: 1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc. 2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等 3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为反身代词，相互代词  4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing 1.The film lasted for 3 hours. 2. Many changes have happened in our hometown. 3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow. 5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。 7. She dreamed a bad dream last night.  8. The man introduced himself to everyone. 9. They help each other study English. 10. She likes to swim.  　　 11. She enjoys watching TV. 　  辨认是否为被动语态 “be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 1. He is pleased / worried / tired /…(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态) 3. The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作） 1. 基本结构 · 一般现在时：am/is/are + done · 一般过去时：was/were + done · 一般将来时：will be + done · 情态动词：情态动词 + be + done 2. 使用场合 · 不知道动作执行者 · 强调动作承受者 · 正式文体 3. 常考句型 · be allowed to do 被允许做 · be used to do 被用来做 · be made to do 被迫做（主动省 to，被动加 to） 4. 主动变被动口诀 · 宾语变主语，动词变 be done，主语前加 by 1．A new app _________ next month to help people learn traditional Chinese calligraphy. A．was developed B．is developed C．will be developed D．has been developed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一款新的应用程序将在下个月被开发出来，用以帮助人们学习中国传统书法。 考查动词时态和语态。was developed被开发，过去时被动语态；is developed被开发，一般现在时被动语态；will be developed将被开发，一般将来时被动语态；has been developed已经被开发，现在完成时被动语态。根据时间状语“next month”可知，动作发生在将来，且主语“app”与“开发”之间为被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。 2．A few people believe that most of the teaching work ________ by AI in the near future. A．is done B．was done C．will be done D．is being done 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一些人认为在不久的将来，大部分教学工作将由人工智能完成。 考查时态和语态。is done一般现在时被动；was done一般过去时被动；will be done一般将来时被动；is being done现在进行时被动。根据“in the near future”可知，句子应用一般将来时；且“teaching work”与“do”之间是被动关系，用被动语态。应填will be done，故选C。 3．Doctor Zhang, leader of the medical team of experts, _______ by CCTV last week. A．interviewed B．was interviewed C．were interviewed D．is interviewed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医疗专家组组长张医生上周接受了中央电视台的采访。 考查被动语态。主语Doctor Zhang与动词interview是被动关系，动作发生在过去（last week），需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，且主语是单数，be动词用was。故选B。 4．Paper decorations for the art festival ________ from the ceiling in every classroom last month. A．were hanged B．were hung C．had been hanged D．had been hung 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上个月，每个教室的天花板上都挂上了艺术节的纸质装饰品。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“last month”可知，用一般过去时，hang“悬挂”，主语Paper decorations与动词hang之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，hang的过去分词是hung。故选B。 5．Look! The cow ________ to a big tree, so it can only eat the grass nearby. A．ties B．tied C．is tied D．was tied 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！那头牛被拴在一棵大树上，所以它只能吃附近的草。 考查被动语态。ties拴，第三人称单数主动形式；tied拴，过去式或过去分词；is tied被拴，一般现在时被动语态；was tied被拴，一般过去时被动语态。根据句首“Look!”提示，此处描述当前正在发生的状态，且牛是被拴在树上的，需用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 6．No decision ________ about the family trip in December until Andy’s father comes back. A．is made B．will make C．is making D．will be made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：关于12月的家庭旅行，在安迪的爸爸回来之前，不会做出任何决定。 考查动词时态和语态。is made被做出，一般现在时被动语态；will make将做出，一般将来时主动语态； is making正在做出，现在进行时主动语态；will be made将被做出，一般将来时被动语态。主语“decision”与动词“make”之间是被动关系（决定被做出），且时间状语“until Andy’s father comes back”表示将来动作，需用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 7．A new sports center ________ in our neighborhood next year, so we will have a better place to exercise. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．is building 【答案】C 【详解】句意：明年我们社区将建一个新的体育中心，所以我们将有一个更好的地方锻炼。 考查时态和语态。will build一般将来时主动语态；is built一般现在时被动语态；will be built一般将来时被动语态；is building现在进行时主动语态。根据时间状语“next year”可知，句子应用一般将来时；主语“A new sports center”与动词build之间是被动关系，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。 8．A new hospital _______ in our neighborhood next year. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．was built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：明年我们社区将建一所新医院。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据“next year”可知，该句是一般将来时，排除B和D。因为主语是“hospital”，与谓语动词“build”之间存在被动关系，应该用被动语态。故选C。 9．We are very pleased to know that a new underground railway ________ in a few months. A．built B．will build C．was built D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们很高兴得知一条新的地铁线路将在几个月后建成。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语“a new underground railway”与动词“build”之间是被动关系（地铁是被建造的），且时间状语“in a few months”表示将来，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态（结构：will be+过去分词）。故选D。 10．The new recycling system ________ in our neighborhood since September. A．is used B．was used C．has been used D．will be used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新的回收系统自九月份以来就在我们社区被使用了。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。is used被使用，一般现在时被动语态；was used被使用，一般过去时被动语态；has been used已经被使用，现在完成时被动语态；will be used将被使用，一般将来时被动语态。根据时间状语“since September自九月份以来”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应使用现在完成时，且主语“system”与“使用”为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选C。 11．—Dad, can I watch TV for a while? —Sorry. Not until your homework ________ this evening. A．will be finished B．will finish C．finished D．is finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我能看一会儿电视吗？——抱歉。直到今晚你的作业完成（之后才能看）。 考查被动语态。根据“Not until your homework…this evening.”以及选项可知，此处指“直到今晚你的作业完成”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“your homework”与动词“finish”之间是被动关系，句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are done”。故选D。 12．Jixiangma, the mascot for the 2026 Lunar New Year, ________ on November 25th, 2025. A．introduced B．will introduce C．was introduced D．will be introduced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2026年农历新年的吉祥物“吉祥马”于2025年11月25日被推出。 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“on November 25th, 2025”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语“Jixiangma”是吉祥物，与动词“推出（introduce）”之间为被动关系，故需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 13．—Who will be the winner of this year’s school art festival? —No one will know the result until it ________ next Friday. A．announces B．is announced C．will announce D．will be announced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今年学校艺术节的获胜者会是谁？——直到下周五它被宣布之前，没有人会知道结果。 考查被动语态和主从句时态。announces宣布，主动；is announced被宣布，被动；will announce将宣布，主动；will be announced将被宣布，被动。根据句意，“结果”是“被宣布”，应用被动语态；且主句为一般将来时，until引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时代替将来时。故选B。 14．The twins ________ the piano at this time yesterday. I think they might be preparing for the art festival these days. A．heard the play B．heard to play C．were heard playing D．were heard to play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，有人听见这对双胞胎在弹钢琴。我想他们这些天可能正在为艺术节做准备。 考查时态、语态及非谓语。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，空处所在句的主语“The twins”与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态；根据“at this time yesterday”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，应用现在分词，作补足语。故选C。 15．—Can I go to the concert with you tomorrow, Mum? —I’m afraid not unless all your homework ________. A．will be done B．is done C．has done D．does 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，明天我能和你一起去音乐会吗？——恐怕不行，除非你所有的作业都完成。 考查动词时态和语态。unless引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，从句用一般现在时；而主语your homework和动词do是被动关系，应用被动语态，一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are done。故选B。 16．The detective won’t stop searching for the clues to the murder until the murderer ______. A．has arrested B．will be arrested C．is arrested D．arrests 【答案】C 【详解】句意：直到凶手被逮捕，侦探才会停止寻找谋杀案的线索。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“The detective won’t stop searching for the clues to the murder until the murderer …”可知，句子为until引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，则从句应用一般现在时，排除A和B；主语“the murderer”和动词“arrest”为被动关系，因此这里应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done；主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is，动词arrest的过去分词为arrested，排除D。故选C。 17．If everyone puts more effort into the work, the task ______ in five days. A．was finished B．is finished C．has been finished D．will be finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果每个人都在工作中更加努力，这项任务将在五天内完成。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，并且主语“the task”和动词“finish”之间是被动关系，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 18．—Who will be the winner of this year’s school art festival? —No one can know the result until it ________ next Monday. A．announces B．is announced C．will announce D．will be announced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——谁将是今年学校艺术节的优胜者？——在下周一宣布之前，没有人能知道结果。 考查被动语态。announce“宣布”，动词。not...until引导时间状语从句，主句包含现在时的情态动词can，所以从句采用一般现在时，“it”和“announce”是被动关系，所以该空要填一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“is/am/are+done”。故选B。 19．—Who will be the winner of the game show? —No one can know the result until it ________ tomorrow morning. A．will be announced B．will announce C．is announced D．announces 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——谁会是竞赛节目的获胜者？——直到明早宣布才有人知道结果。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。announce“宣布”，动词。not...until引导时间状语从句，主句包含现在时的情态动词can，所以从句采用一般现在时，从句主语it和动词announce之间是被动关系，所以空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是：am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语it表示单数，be动词用is，announce用过去分词announced。故选C。 20．Labor Education ________ to develop the view of the world life, values and an interest in doing housework. A．is carried out B．has carried out C．carried out D．is carrying out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：劳动教育是为了培养孩子的世界观、人生观、价值观和对家务劳动的兴趣。 考查被动语态。carry out“执行”，在句中作谓语，主语“Labor Education”和carry out构成动宾关系，用被动语态，其构成为 “be+过去分词”，故选A。 考点三 主谓一致 1．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）There ________ different opinions on smart technology. What do you think about it? A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对智能技术有不同的看法。你觉得怎么样？ 考查there be结构。此处是there be结构，表示“有”，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选B。 2．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题） There _______ more than thirty selective courses in our school. Which one would you like to choose? A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校有三十多门选修课。你想选哪一个？ 考查there be句型。there be句型中be的单复数由后面的主语的单复数决定，而主语thirty selective courses是复数，be动词用are，故选B。 3．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：江苏有许多现代化的高速铁路，它们帮助人们方便地出行。 考查there be。句子主语railways是复数，be动词用复数形式，排除AC。根据后句可知，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。 4．（2017·江苏泰州·中考真题）Neither Jim nor Tom _______ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Jim和Tom以前都没有去过澳大利亚，但是他们对那个国家非常了解。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。has gone to去了某地，主语为第三人称单数；has been to去过某地，主语是第三人称单数；have gone to去了某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数；have been to去过某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数。根据句意可知，这里表示“去过某地”，先排除A和C。主语是有Neither…nor连接的，谓语动词的单复数形式应根据就近原则，与Tom一致，用单数，故选B。 5．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends. A．am B．is C．are D．be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Sandy和Millie都对烹饪感兴趣。他们经常在周末学习做饭。 考查主谓一致。both…and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，be interested in doing sth“对做某事感兴趣”，此空应填be的复数形式are，故选C。 6．（2020·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Mum, I'm hungry. —There____some biscuits on the table. Enjoy them, please. A．is B．are C．has D．have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我饿了。——桌子上有一些饼干，请吃吧。 考查there be句型。There be句型表示“有”，所以不能再用have/has；根据其后some biscuits是名词复数可知，be动词要用are。故选B。 7．（2020·江苏泰州·中考真题）This pair of trousers ________ smooth because they are made of Chinese silk. A．feels B．feel C．is felt D．are felt 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这条裤子摸起来很顺滑因为这是中国丝绸做的。 考查系动词和主谓一致的用法。A：一般现在时的动词三单；B：一般现在时；C：一般现在时的被动语态，主语表单数；D：一般现在时的被动语态，主语表复数。分析句子可知，本句主语前有this pair of修饰，谓语动词的选择取决于pair，表单数，又因为feel是系动词，没有被动语态。故选A。 8．（2020·江苏盐城·中考真题）—My mother said you went on a Silk Road trip last year. —Yes, it a wonderful trip. A．is B．was C．will be D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我妈妈说你去年去丝绸之路旅行了。——是的，那是一次美妙的旅行。 考查动词的时态。is一般现在时；was一般过去时，be动词的单数形式，用于第一、第三人称的单数形式；will be一般将来时；were一般过去时，be动词的复数形式，用于第二人称和第一、第三人称的复数形式。根据句意和问句中的last year可知，去年的丝绸之路旅行是美妙的，所以这里用一般过去时，排除选项A和C；答句的主语it是第三人称单数，所以这里用was，故选B。 一、语法一致规则 主语情况 谓语形式 示例 单数主语 单数动词 The boy plays football. 复数主语 复数动词 The boys play football. 不可数名词 单数动词 Water is important. 集体名词（强调整体） 单数动词 Our class is very big. 集体名词（强调成员） 复数动词 Our class are having a meeting. 二、就近原则 连接词 结构 示例 or A or B + V He or I am wrong. either...or Either A or B + V Either he or you are right. neither...nor Neither A nor B + V Neither you nor she likes apples. not only...but also Not only A but also B + V Not only he but also I am a student. whether...or Whether A or B + V Whether he or you are going doesn't matter. 三、意义一致原则 1. 集体名词的主谓一致 集体名词 强调整体（单数） 强调成员（复数） family My family is a big one. My family are watching TV. class Our class is on the third floor. The class are having a discussion. team Our team is the best. The team are talking about the match. group This group is for study. The group are from different countries. audience The audience was large. The audience were excited. 2. 表示数量、时间、金钱、距离等的主语 规则：当这些词语表示整体概念时，谓语用单数；表示个体单位时，谓语用复数。 主语类型 单数谓语（整体） 复数谓语（个体） 时间 Ten years is a long time. Ten years have passed. 金钱 Ten dollars is enough. Ten dollars were on the table. 距离 Ten miles is not far. The last ten miles were the hardest. 重量 Ten pounds is heavy. Ten pounds of apples are in the box. 1. 语法一致 · 单数主语 + 单数谓语 · 复数主语 + 复数谓语 2. 意义一致 · 集体名词 family, class 强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数 My family is big. My family are watching TV. 3. 就近原则 · there be, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor There is a book and two pens. Neither he nor I am right. 4. 就远原则 · with, together with, as well as, except He, together with his parents, likes sports. 5. 特殊考点 · 时间、金钱、距离、长度作主语，谓语用单数 Two years is a long time. · 不定代词 someone, anyone, everything 作主语，谓语单数 Everyone is here. 1．—In modern education, we should ______ acquire knowledge ______ develop practical skills. —In fact, we ______ care too much about both. A．not only; but also; can’t B．both; and; must C．either; or; can’t D．neither; nor; must 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在现代教育中，我们不仅应该获取知识，还应该发展实践技能。——事实上，这两点我们再怎么重视都不为过。 考查并列连词辨析及情态动词用法。not only…but also…不仅……而且……；both…and…两者都；either…or…要么……要么……；neither…nor…既不……也不……；can’t不能；must必须。根据“we should...acquire knowledge...develop practical skills”可知，前半句强调“获取知识”和“发展实践技能”两者都需要，应使用表示并列且强调两者的结构，排除C（二选一）和D（两者都不）；根据“In fact, we...care too much about both.”可知，can’t +动词原形+否定词表达“再……也不为过”，故选A。 2．________ my father ________ my brother is crazy about football. So they have watched several football matches in the Jiangsu Football City League. A．Not only; but also B．Neither; nor C．Either; or D．Both; and 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅我父亲而且我兄弟都对足球很狂热。所以他们已经在江苏足球城市联赛中观看了几场足球比赛。 考查连词短语辨析。Not only...but also不仅……而且……；Neither...nor既不……也不……；Either...or要么……要么……；Both...and两者都。根据“So they have watched several football matches in the Jiangsu Football City League.”可知他们看了比赛，可见他们对足球很狂热，both...and连接的成分作主语时，此处be动词应用are，根据“is”可知此处用not only...but also连接，遵循就近原则。故选A。 3．—When shall we have the class meeting? —We can have it ________ on Monday ________ on Wednesday. Both days are free. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．both; and D．not only; but also 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候开班会？ ——我们可以在星期一或星期三开。这两天都有空。 考查连词短语辨析。either; or要么……要么……”，表示二选一；neither; nor既不……也不……；both; and两者都；not only; but also不仅……而且……，强调两者同时。根据“Both days are free”可知两天都有空，但班会通常只开一次，因此需表示选择其中一天。故选A。 4．—Why does Sam have so few friends at school? —Because he is ______ polite ______ helpful. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 【答案】C 【详解】句意： ——为什么萨姆在学校朋友这么少？——因为他既不礼貌也不乐于助人。   考查连词辨析。both...and两者都；either...or或者……或者；neither...nor既不……也不；not only...but also不仅……而且。根据问句“Why does Sam have so few friends at school?”可知，原因应是他身上同时具备不礼貌和不乐于助人这两个负面特质，“neither...nor...”用于连接两个并列的否定成分，解释了他人缘差的原因。故选C。 5．With the help of AI, students ________ need to check heavy textbooks ________ spend hours searching for information. They can learn certain skills in a fast and convenient way. A．both; and B．either; or C．not only; but also D．neither; nor 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在人工智能的帮助下，学生们既不需要查阅厚重的教科书也不需要花费数小时搜索信息。他们可以以快速和方便的方式学习某些技能。 考查连词辨析。both…and……和……都，表示两者；either…or…要么……要么……；not only…but also…不仅……而且……；neither…nor…既不……也不……。根据“They can learn certain skills in a fast and convenient way.”可知，有了人工智能的帮助，学生既不需要查阅教科书也不需要搜索信息。此处表示否定意义，用neither…nor…。故选D。 6．Autumn in Lianyungang is ________ too cold ________ too hot. It’s a great time for picnics. A．not only...but also B．neither...nor C．either...or D．both…and 【答案】B 【详解】句意：连云港的秋天既不太冷也不太热。这是野餐的好时候。 考查并列连词辨析。not only... but also不但……而且……；neither... nor既不……也不……；either... or或者……或者……；both… and……和……都。根据“It’s a great time for picnics.”可知，连云港的秋天既不太冷也不太热，所以是野餐的好时候，此处应该用neither... nor。故选B。 7．—Do you know _______ Zhang Jian _______ Fan Changjiang were born in Jiangsu? —Yes. They made great contributions to China and their hometown, Jiangsu. A．either; or B．not only; but also C．neither, nor D．both; and 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道张建和范长江都出生在江苏吗？——是的。他们为中国和他们的家乡江苏做出了巨大贡献。 考查连词用法。either...or...要么……要么……；not only...but also...不但……而且……；neither...nor...既不……也不……；both...and...两者都。根据回答“Yes”和谓语动词“were born”可知，此处表示两人都出生在江苏，“both...and...”符合语境。故选D。 8．—When shall we go and visit the Palace Museum? —________ this weekend ________ next Sunday is OK. Let’s make it next Saturday, shall we? A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Not only; but also D．Both; and 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去参观故宫博物院呢？——这周末和下个星期天都不行。我们定在下个星期六吧，好吗？ 考查连词辨析。Either...or要么……要么……，强调两者中选择其一；Neither...nor既不……也不……，强调两者都不；Not only...but also不仅……而且……，强调后者，连接并列成分；Both...and两者都。根据答句中的“Let’s make it next Saturday, shall we?”可知，这周末和下个星期天都不行。故选B。 9．Neither the parents nor the teacher ________ the students to stay out late. A．don’t allow B．allows C．doesn’t allow D．allow 【答案】B 【详解】句意：父母和老师都不允许学生在外面待到很晚。 考查主谓一致。根据“Neither the parents nor the teacher ...the students to stay out late”可及常识可知，为了安全，应是不允许学生在外面很晚，neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，表示否定意义，其谓语动词的单复数形式应根据“就近原则”与最近的名词保持一致，在这个句子中，最近的名词是the teacher，属于第三人称单数。因此，谓语动词用单三形式allows，故选B。 10．—Nobody but you ________ late for school this morning. —Sorry, I was going to school ________ it began to rain heavily. A．was; before B．were; while C．was; when D．were; when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——除了你今天没有人迟到。——对不起，我正要去上学，这时下起了大雨。 考查主谓一致和从属连词辨析。before在……之前；while当……时，强调动作同时进行；when当……时。nobody作主语，谓语动词用单数，排除B和D；又由“I was going to school…it began to rain heavily”可知，是打算去上学的时候下雨了，应用when。故选C。 11．________ Mrs. Wu _________ Mr. Wu is interested in the film. They want to know more about it. A．Both; and B．Either; or C．Neither; nor D．Not only; but also 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不仅是吴太太，吴先生也对这部电影感兴趣。他们想更多地了解它。 考查连词辨析。both ... and两者都；either ... or要么……要么……；neither ... nor既不……也不……；not only ... but also不仅……而且……。根据“They want to know more about it.”可知，吴太太和吴先生都对这部电影感兴趣，排除B、C选项；且谓语动词是第三人称单数is，因此用not only ... but also连接两个并列主语。故选D。 12．Liam, my little son, can ________ swim ________ skate. He’s going to have some training this summer vacation. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的小儿子利亚姆既不会游泳也不会滑冰。今年暑假他将接受一些训练。 考查连词辨析。both...and...……和……都；either...or...要么……要么……；neither...nor...既不……也不……；not only...but also...不仅……而且……。根据“He’s going to have some training this summer vacation.”可知，利亚姆是既不会游泳也不会滑冰，故选C。 13．— Quan Hongchan and Cui Chenxi, two young gold medalists at the Hangzhou Asian Games, have impressed people a lot. What was the secret of their success? —________ Quan Hongchan ________ Cui Chenxi achieved success easily. Their hard work paid off. A．Neither; nor B．Both; and C．Not only; but also D．Either; or 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——全红婵和崔晨曦，两位杭州亚运会的年轻金牌得主，给人们留下了深刻的印象。他们成功的秘诀是什么？ ——全红婵和崔晨曦都不是轻松取胜的。她们的努力得到了回报。 考查连词辨析。Neither…nor…“既不……也不……”，表示两者都不；Both…and…“两者都……”；Not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”，强调递进关系；Either…or…“或者……或者……”，表示两者中有一个。根据“Their hard work paid off.”可知，全红婵和崔晨曦都不是轻松取胜的。故选A。 14．— I felt very proud when I saw many things made in China during my stay in Europe. — There’s still a long way to go. _________ “Made in China” _________ “Created in China” is what we need. A．Either; or B．Both; and C．Neither; nor D．Not only; but also 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——当我在欧洲逗留期间看到许多中国制造的东西时，我感到非常自豪。——还有很长的路要走。我们不仅需要“中国制造”，也需要“中国创造”。 考查连词辨析以及主谓一致。Either…or…或者……或者……；Both…and…既……又……；Neither…nor…既不……也不；Not only…but also…不仅……而且……。根据“...‘Made in China’…‘Created in China’ is what we need.”可知，此处指的是“不仅是‘中国制造’，还有‘中国创造’ ”。both…and连接并列成分，be动词用are，而这里的be动词是is，符合not only…but also的就近原则，故选D。 15．—Quan Hongchan and Chen Yuxi, two young gold medalists at the 2024 Paris Olympics, have impressed people a lot. What was the secret of their success? —________ Quan Hongchan ________ Chen Yuxi succeeded easily. They made it through hard work. A．Not only; but also B．Both; and C．Neither; nor D．Either; or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——2024年巴黎奥运会的两位年轻金牌得主全红婵和陈芋汐给人们留下了深刻的印象。她们成功的秘诀是什么？——全红婵和陈芋汐都不是轻松取胜的。她们通过努力工作取得了成功。 考查并列连词辨析。Not only…but also不仅……而且……；Both…and…两者都……；Neither…nor…既不……也不……；Either…or…要么……要么……。根据“They made it through hard work.”可知，全红婵和陈芋汐都不是轻松取胜的，两者都不，用Neither…nor…。故选C。 16．Not only my friends but also I ________ going to take part in the English competition next month. A．am B．is C．are D．be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅我的朋友们，而且我下个月也要去参加英语竞赛。 考查主谓一致。am是，be的第一人称单数现在时；is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，用于第一人称复数、第二人称单复数和第三人称复数的现在时形式；be是，动词原形。当“not only...but also...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与but also后的主语保持一致，此处but also后的主语是“I”，因此谓语动词应用am。故选A。 17．Tom, together with his two friends, ______ to Beijing for a holiday this summer. A．are going B．was going C．were going D．is going 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆和他的两个朋友今年夏天要去北京度假。 考查主谓一致。当主语后跟有together with、as well as等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数应与前面的主语保持一致。本句主语是Tom(单数)，因此谓语动词应用单数形式。根据时间状语this summer可知，动作发生在将来，可用现在进行时表示将来计划，因此用is going。故选D。 18．Half of the class ________ most of the work. The rest ________ really difficult. A．have done; are B．has done; are C．has done; is D．have done; is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：班里一半的人已经完成了大部分工作。剩下的部分真的很难。 考查主谓一致。have done用于复数主语；has done用于单数主语；are用于复数主语；is用于单数主语。根据“Half of the class”指班里的人，复数概念可知，第一空用have done；“The rest”指代剩下的工作，不可数名词，单数概念，第二空用is。故选D。 19．Nowadays, ________ people like to spend ________ time on Internet. A．a number of, too many B．an amount of, too many C．an amount of, too much D．a number of, too much 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如今，许多人喜欢花太多时间在互联网上。 考查量词的用法。a number of许多，修饰可数名词复数；an amount of许多，修饰不可数名词。too many太多，修饰可数名词复数；too much太多，修饰不可数名词。people为可数名词复数，需用a number of修饰；time为不可数名词，需用too much修饰。故选D。 20．________ students participating in after-school programs at our school ________ nearly 50. A．The number of, is B．The number of, are C．A number of, is D．A number of, are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校参加课外活动的学生数量接近50人。 考查the/a number of用法。the number of表示“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式；a number of表示“许多”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。根据“nearly 50.”可知，此处是指学生的数量，应用The number of，谓语动词用is。故选A。 1．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—It has been ten years since we met each other for the first time. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A．made B．have made C．have been D．are making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——自从我们第一次见面已经十年了。——时间过得真快！我不敢相信我们已经做了十年朋友了。 考查现在完成时表示持续状态的用法。made成为，过去式；have made已经成为，现在完成时，短暂性动词；have been已经成为/一直是，现在完成时，延续性动词；are making正在成为，现在进行时。根据“for ten years”可知，表示持续的时间段，需与表示延续状态的现在完成时连用。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）Xu Xiake more than 30 years travelling, mostly on foot, around China in the 17th century. A．spends B．spent C．has spent D．was spending 【答案】B 【详解】句意：17世纪时，徐霞客花了30多年的时间，大多靠步行游历中国。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“in the 17th century”可知，这是一个过去的时间点，句子要用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式spent。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：润扬大桥在2005年投入使用，并且它促进了扬州和镇江之间的经济发展。 考查句子时态。was一般过去时；is一般现在时；has been现在完成时；will be一般将来时。根据时间状语in 2005可知，此处描述润扬大桥在过去的某个时间开始服役，应使用一般过去时。故选A。 4．（2025·江苏南京·三模）As a form of art, ice sculpture ________ in 1892. The famous French chef Auguste Escoffier made a fantastic swan out of ice. A．begins B．began C．has begun D．is beginning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——作为一种艺术形式，冰雕始于1892年。著名的法国厨师奥古斯特·埃斯科菲耶用冰制作了一只精美的天鹅。    考查动词时态辨析。begins一般现在时；began一般过去时；has begun现在完成时；is beginning现在进行时。根据“As a form of art, ice sculpture ... in 1892.”可知，此处说的是冰雕在1892年开始出现，表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故选B。 5．（2025·江苏常州·三模）—Where is your sister? —She ________ Canada for three months. A．has gone to B．had gone to C．has been to D．has been in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你姐姐在哪里？——她去加拿大三个月了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地还未回来，现在完成时；had gone to去了某地还未回来，过去完成时；has been to去过某地已经回来，现在完成时；has been in待在某地，现在完成时。根据“for three months”可知，应用现在完成时，表示“已经在加拿大待了三个月了”，故选D。 6．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—It takes me nearly two hours on the way to work. It makes me very upset. —Don’t worry. It will become much more convenient when the underground ________ next year. A．builds B．will build C．is built D．will be built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我上班路上要花近两个小时。这让我很沮丧。——别担心。明年地铁建成后会方便得多。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。when引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句要用一般现在时，且“the underground”与“build”之间是被动关系，即地铁被建造，所以用一般现在时的被动语态is built。故选C。 7．（2025·江苏南京·三模）—You’re looking very smart in a new suit today. —Thanks. But to tell you the truth, I ________ it for quite a few years. A．had B．bought C．have had D．have bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你今天穿新西装看起来非常帅气。——谢谢。但说实话，我已经穿这套西装好几年了。 考查动词时态及延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法。had有，过去式；bought买，过去式；have had现在完成时；have bought现在完成时。句中时间状语“for quite a few years”表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词），buy为非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，have“拥有”为延续性动词，可以与时间段连用，表示状态的持续。故选C。 8．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）I didn’t hear the knock on the door just now because I ________ an exciting football match. A．watched B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我刚才没有听到敲门声，因为我正在看一场激动人心的足球比赛。 考查动词的时态。watched看，是一般过去时；have watched已经看了，是现在完成时；will watch将要看，是一般将来时；was watching正在看，是过去进行时。根据“I didn’t hear the knock on the door just now”可知，我刚才没有听到敲门声，因为我正在看一场激动人心的足球比赛。此处表示过去的某个时间正在做某事，应该用过去进行时。故选D。 9．（2025·江苏南京·二模）Up to now, AI ______ the traditional classroom model more interesting. A．is making B．makes C．has made D．made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，人工智能使传统的课堂模式变得更加有趣。 考查时态。根据“Up to now”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 10．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Mom said she ________ a cake after work, but the shop was closed. A．bought B．would buy C．was buying D．had bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：妈妈说她下班后会买蛋糕，但商店已经关门了。 考查时态。根据“Mom said she…a cake after work”的语境可知，从句动作“买蛋糕”发生在主句动作“说”之后，属于过去的将来，应用过去将来时。故选B。 11．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）“Hurry, the performance ________ in five minutes,” Amy shouted excitedly. A．started B．has started C．was starting D．will start 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“快点，演出五分钟后就要开始了，”艾米兴奋地喊道。 考查一般将来时。根据“Hurry”以及“in five minutes”可知，句子描述的是将来要发生的动作，因此需用一般将来时，其结构为“will+动词原形”。应用will start。故选D。 12．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—Our local dance show Dream of the Red Chamber is so hot. —Indeed. I ________ for tickets the whole morning. Luckily, I finally got one! A．fights B．will fight C．have fought D．was fighting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们当地的舞蹈节目《红楼梦》非常火爆。——确实如此。我整个上午都在奋力抢票。幸运的是，我终于得到了一张！ 考查时态。根据“the whole morning”可知此处表示过去某个时间段一直在做某事，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。 13．（2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）—When did your family leave your hometown? —In 2010. We ________ for almost 14 years. A．left B．are leaving C．have left D．have been away 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你们家什么时候离开家乡的？——2010 年。我们离开差不多 14 年了。 考查延续性动词与非延续性动词。根据“for almost 14 years”可知，时态是现在完成时，此处是时间段，需与延续性动作连用，leave是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，be away表达延续性，应为have been away。故选D。 14．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）When I _______ in the college, I joined the Students’ Union. A．study B．am studying C．have studied D．was studying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在我上大学的时候，我加入了学生会。 考查动词的时态。根据“I joined the Students’ Union.”可知，“在上大学”是过去正在发生的动作，应该用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。 15．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the library at 5 p. m. yesterday. —I ________ singing for the School Art Festival at that time. A．have practiced B．was practicing C．practiced D．will practice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——海伦，我昨天下午5点在图书馆没看见你。——那个时候我正在为学校艺术节练习唱歌。 考查过去进行时。根据“at 5 p. m. yesterday”和“at that time”可知，此处指昨天下午5点那个时候正在做的事情，应该用过去进行时。故选B。 16．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—When did your uncle leave his hometown? —He ________ for nearly twenty years. A．has left B．has been away C．left D．had been away 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你叔叔什么时候离开他的家乡的？——他已经离开将近二十年了。 考查现在完成时和延续性动词。has left已经离开，现在完成时，短暂性动词；has been away已经离开，现在完成时，延续性动词；left离开，一般过去时；had been away已经离开，过去完成时，延续性动词。根据“for nearly twenty years”可知，句子应该用现在完成时；且动词要用延续性动词，leave是短暂性动词，be away是延续性动词。故选B。 17．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The Chinese Spring Festival ________ on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4, 2024. A．includes B．has included C．was included D．has been included 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在2024年12月4日，中国春节被列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“The Chinese Spring Festival”和动词include之间是被动关系；又根据时间状语“on December 4, 2024”可知，该句应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用was，故选C。 18．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—Do you think AI can completely take teachers’ jobs in the future? —No, many tasks ________ by AI, but teachers’ care can never be copied. A．done B．doing C．are doing D．are done 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你认为人工智能在未来能完全取代教师的工作吗？——不，很多任务可以由人工智能来完成，但教师的关怀永远无法被复制。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，句子描述的是一般事实，所以时态用一般现在时，且主语tasks和谓语动词do之间存在被动关系，所以应用被动语态；一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是复数，用are，do的过去分词是done。故选D。 19．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）The future of education _________ greatly as AI technologies develop quickly. A．influences B．is influenced C．will be influenced D．was influenced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着人工智能技术的快速发展，教育的未来将受到极大影响。 考查动词时态和语态，influences一般现在时主动语态；is influenced一般现在时被动语态；will be influenced一般将来时被动语态；was influenced一般过去时被动语态。根据“as AI technologies develop quickly”及“future”可知，动作发生在将来，且“教育的未来”与“影响”为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。 20．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）The new science museum ________ in our city next month. Let’s visit it together! A．sets up B．will be set up C．is put on D．has been put down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：新的科学博物馆将于下个月在我们城市建立。让我们一起去参观吧！ 考查动词短语和时态及语态。sets up建立；will be set up将被建立；is put on被穿上；has been put down已被放下。根据“next month”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，根据“Let’s visit it together!”可知，此处指将建立新的科学博物馆，主语“The new science museum”与“set up”为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。故选B。 21．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）— It’s said that iQIYI Land ________ in Yangzhou since March, 2025. — Really? It will become a new popular attraction in our hometown. A．has built B．were built C．will be built D．has been built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——据说爱奇艺乐园自2025年3月起已在扬州开建。——真的吗？它将成为我们家乡的新热门景点。 考查现在完成时被动语态。根据“since March, 2025”可知，句子用现在完成时，iQIYI Land与build之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故选D。 22．（2025·江苏常州·二模）It’s reported that another big shopping center ________ here next year. A．will open B．opened C．opens D．is open 【答案】A 【详解】句意：报道，另一个大型购物中心明年将在这里开业。 考查时态和不及物动词。根据“next year”可知，空处指“大型购物中心将开业”，需一般将来时，其结构为will do，这里open为不及物动词，无宾语，不用被动语态；D项open为形容词，B、C项时态错误。故选A。 23．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）The 21st Jiangsu Provincial Games ________ in Lianyungang in 2026. A．is held B．will hold C．was held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：第21届江苏省运动会将于2026年在连云港举行。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语“The 21st Jiangsu Provincial Games”和动词hold“举行”为被动关系，结合“in 2026”可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态，谓语结构为will be done。故选D。 24．（2025·江苏·二模）—How can I get the food online as soon as possible? —JD Takeout is also a good way. JD Takeout can send it to you if your food ________. A．orders B．will order C．is ordered D．will be ordered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我怎样才能最快在网上获取食物？——京东外卖也是个好选择。如果你的食物订好后，京东外卖可以送给你。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。orders三单形式；will order一般将来时；is ordered一般现在时的被动语态；will be ordered一般将来时的被动语态。根据if条件句主情从现原则，主句是含情态动词的现在时，从句用一般现在时表将来；此处“your food”与“order”是被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 25．（2025·江苏南京·二模）After this accident, more than 100 calls ________ every day reporting sea lions and dolphins influenced by this toxin. A．are made B．make C．are making D．were making 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在这次事故之后，每天都有超过100个电话报告海狮和海豚受到这种毒素的影响。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every day”可知，句子用一般现在时，且“calls”和“make”之间是被动关系，要用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词构成是am/is/are done。故选A。 26．（2025·江苏南京·二模）The photos of our school camping trip ________ on our school website next Monday. A．put B．are put C．will put D．will be put 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们学校露营旅行的照片将于下周一发布在我们学校的网站上。 考查动词时态和语态。put放置，动词原形/过去式；are put被放置，一般现在时被动语态；will put将放置，一般将来时主动语态；will be put将被放置，一般将来时被动语态。根据“next Monday”可知，句子应用一般将来时，主语photos与谓语put之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，will be+过去分词结构。故选D。 27．（2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测）Earth Day ________ every year on April 22 to remind people worldwide to protect our planet. A．celebrates B．celebrated C．was celebrated D．is celebrated 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每年的4月22日是“地球日”，这一天旨在提醒全世界的人们保护我们的地球。 考查被动语态。根据“Earth Day...every year on April 22”可知，该句应用一般现在时的被动语态，表示“被庆祝”，主语Earth Day，be动词用is，即“is celebrated”。故选D。 28．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The number of the teachers in our school _________ bigger last term. A number of teachers _________ for over ten years now. A．grew, have worked B．grows, has worked C．grows, have worked D．grew, are working 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校老师的数量上学期增加了。许多老师现在已经工作了十多年。 考查时态和主谓一致。第一空，主语为“The number of the teachers”，“the number of”表示“……的数量”，是单数概念，谓语动词需用单数形式；时间状语“last term”表示过去时间，时态为一般过去时，因此这里应用过去式grew“增加”，排除B和C； 第二空，主语为“A number of teachers”，“a number of”表示“许多”，是复数概念，谓语动词需用复数形式；时间状语“for over ten years now”表示动作从过去持续至今，时态应用现在完成时，助动词用have，动词work的过去分词为worked，即have worked，排除D。故选A。 29．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Tom和他的朋友们都对机器人很感兴趣。——他们经常在一起制作机器人模型。 考查主谓一致。is用于主语为第三人称单数；are用于主语为复数；was为is和am的过去式；were为are的过去式。根据语境可知，谈论的是一般的状况，句子用一般现在时；主语后有 as well as 连接的其他名词时，谓语动词的数由第一个主语决定；句子主语是Tom，第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选A。 30．（24-25九年级上·江苏南京·期中）My sister together with my parents ________ shopping at the supermarket. I can call ________ of them to get me some ink. A．is; any B．are; any C．is; either D．are; either 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妹妹和我父母正在超市购物。我可以给他们中的任何一个打电话让给我带些墨水。 考查主谓一致和不定代词辨析。is是 (用于第三人称单数)；any 任何一个 ；are 是 (用于第二人称及复数)；either 两者中的任何一个；根据“My sister together with my parents…”，可知有“together with”，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语“My sister”保持一致，be动词要用“is”。而由“my sister”和“my parents”，可知这里表示从三个人当中任选一个，第二空应填“any”。故选A。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司20 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 动词时态 考点二 被动语态 考点三 主谓一致 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1.核心围绕“高频时态”（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），其中“现在完成时”（侧重延续性动词、already/yet/ever/never的用法）、“一般过去时与现在完成时的辨析”、“一般将来时的表达”是近三年命题热点，占比约60%，如2025年南京、无锡中考均重点考查现在完成时。 2.被动语态主要考查不同时态的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态。其中以一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态为主，其次涉及到含有情态动词的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态。 热考角度 近年（2025年~2023年）考点示例 1. （2025年 南京中考 单项选择第11题）— How long have you ______ this book? — For two weeks. I must return it to the library tomorrow. (A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent) 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时与延续性动词；结合for two weeks（时间段），现在完成时需用延续性动词，bought、borrowed、lent均为短暂性动词，had（拥有）为延续性动词，符合语境。 2. （2023年 南通中考 单项选择第11题）— What are you doing now? — I ______ my homework. I will finish it in ten minutes. (A. do B. did C. am doing D. will do) 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时；结合时间状语now（现在），可知此处用现在进行时，结构为am/is/are+doing，主语为I，用am doing，符合语境。 3. （2025年 无锡中考 单项选择第12题）The letter ______ by my father yesterday. He wrote it to my grandma. (A. is written B. was written C. will be written D. has been written) 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态；结合时间状语yesterday（昨天），可知用一般过去时，主语the letter是动作write的承受者，被动语态结构为was/were+done，主语为单数，用was written。 4. （2024年 常州中考 单项选择第12题）Our classroom ______ every day. It’s always clean and tidy. (A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned) 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态；结合时间状语every day（每天），可知用一般现在时，主语our classroom是动作clean的承受者，被动语态结构为am/is/are+done，主语为单数，用is cleaned。 命题预测 1. 题干语境丰富，多结合具体时间状语（如yesterday、now、tomorrow、for+时间段、since+时间点）或上下文语境，侧重“时态的语境判断”，避免单纯考查时态结构，需牢记各时态的时间标志和用法差异。题干简洁，多为日期、年龄、数量、顺序的描述，侧重“数词的正确拼写和用法”，避免考查复杂的分数、小数表达，贴合基础备考需求。 2. 核心围绕“高频时态的被动语态”（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态），结构为“am/is/are+done、was/were+done、will be+done”，其中“一般过去时的被动语态”是近命题重点；偶尔涉及“情态动词的被动语态”（can be done、must be done）。 考点一 动词时态 1．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 2．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 3．（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A．tidies B．tidied C．is tidying D．was tidying 4．（2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 5．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes. A．had B．will have C．have D．would have 6．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）During Guyu, the temperature usually ________ a lot and rain increases. A．rises B．rose C．is rising D．has risen 7．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, the industry of ancient book repairing ________ fast in China now. A．developed B．was developing C．is developing D．will develop 8．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel! A．works B．will work C．fails D．will fail 9．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 10．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 一般现在时 一般过去时 考察最多的主要集中在 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1、动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stop 等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如：The movie starts at six o’clock and ends at 8 o’clock. 2、在时间或条件句中，一般现在时可以表示将来。 3、注意动词过去式的不规则变化 现在进行时 过去进行时 下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如 go, come, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。 例如：My father is arriving at Beijing airport at 3 p.m. tomorrow. 现在完成时 过去完成时 1、注意现在完成时一些标志词，如：already, just, ever, never, before, yet；since 和 for 2、注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词 一般将来时 过去将来时 1、掌握常见时间状语：the next day 2、在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。 1. 一般现在时 · 标志：often, usually, always, every day · 结构：主语 + 动词原形 / 三单 + s/es · 三单变化：同名词复数规则 2. 一般过去时 · 标志：yesterday, last week, …ago, just now · 结构：主语 + 动词过去式 · 不规则：go→went, eat→ate, do→did, have→had 3. 一般将来时 · 标志：tomorrow, next week, in the future · 结构：will + 动词原形 be going to + 动词原形 4. 现在进行时 · 标志：now, look, listen · 结构：am/is/are + doing 5. 过去进行时 · 标志：at that time, at 8:00 last night, when · 结构：was/were + doing 6. 现在完成时 · 标志：already, yet, ever, never, for, since · 结构：have/has + done · 短暂动词不能和 for/since 连用： 错：have died 对：have been dead 1．Last week an engineer successfully ________ my grandfather’s old camera. A．repair B．repaired C．is repairing D．has repaired 2．Some students ________ notes carefully while others were chatting quietly during the lecture. A．were taking B．had taken C．took D．would take 3．She ________ all her homework before her parents came back home. A．had finished B．finished C．were finishing D．would finish 4．Alex did not feel the light earthquake this morning. He ________ in the park at the time. A．jogged B．was jogging C．has jogged D．would jog 5．We ______ to the countryside to pick fruits as soon as the harvest season begins. A．will go B．have gone C．go D．went 6．Johnson ________ two tickets for the concert when you called him. A．books B．was booking C．has booked D．had booked 7．On November 30, Milkesa ________ first at the 2025 Shanghai Marathon with a time of 2:06:25. A．finishes B．finished C．has finished D．had finished 8．Please line up over there and the tour ________ in five minutes. A．begin B．begins C．began D．will begin 9．A: Did you notice the bird come in? B: No, I didn’t because I ________ my homework. A．am doing B．was doing C．have done D．had done 10．I’m not sure if it ________ tomorrow. If it ________, we won’t go to the beach. A．will rain… rains B．will rain… will rain C．rains … rains D．rains …will rain 11．—Where is your father? —He _______ a newspaper in the living room now. A．reads B．read C．is reading D．was reading 12．—I’m sorry I’m late for the meeting. —It doesn’t matter. The meeting ________ for only five minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has been on D．was on 13．“Look, boys and girls. If we heat the water, it ________ steam,” said the teacher. A．had become B．became C．becomes D．has become 14．By the time I got to the bus stop, the bus ________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．will leave 15．My father ________ to work by car every day, but he ________ by bike yesterday. A．goes; went B．went; goes C．goes; goes D．went; went 16．—Where is Tom? —He ________ basketball with his friends on the playground. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．has played 17．My sister ________ three online courses on environmental protection since 2010. A．completes B．completed C．will complete D．has completed 18．—What’s so funny, Jack? —I ________ some interesting videos about animals. Come and join me. A．am watching B．watched C．will watch D．watch 19．By the time my parents came back home, I ________ dinner on my own. A．cooked B．was cooking C．would cook D．had cooked 20．Our class planted a tree in the school last month. Ever since, we ________ turns to water it. A．have taken B．take C．will take D．took 考点二 被动语态 1．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted 2．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It ________ to help deal with food waste. A．will design B．will be designed C．designs D．is designed 3．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 4．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 5．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 6．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 被动语态结构： 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 过去将来时 5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 现在完成时 8. 过去完成时 9. 带情态动词 1. The article is written (by her). 2. The article was written (by her). 3. The article will be written (by her). 4. Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). 5. The article is being written (by her). 6. The article was being written (by her). 7. The article has been written (by her). 8. The teacher said the article had been written (by her). 9. The article might be written by her. 还原to 使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法 1. Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. 2. We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us. 主动表被动： 1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物 2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等 3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中 1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。 2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。 3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。 4. Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。) 6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. · need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。) 没有被动语态的词: 1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc. 2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等 3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为反身代词，相互代词  4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing 1.The film lasted for 3 hours. 2. Many changes have happened in our hometown. 3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow. 5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。 7. She dreamed a bad dream last night.  8. The man introduced himself to everyone. 9. They help each other study English. 10. She likes to swim.  　　 11. She enjoys watching TV. 　  辨认是否为被动语态 “be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 1. He is pleased / worried / tired /…(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态) 3. The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作） 1. 基本结构 · 一般现在时：am/is/are + done · 一般过去时：was/were + done · 一般将来时：will be + done · 情态动词：情态动词 + be + done 2. 使用场合 · 不知道动作执行者 · 强调动作承受者 · 正式文体 3. 常考句型 · be allowed to do 被允许做 · be used to do 被用来做 · be made to do 被迫做（主动省 to，被动加 to） 4. 主动变被动口诀 · 宾语变主语，动词变 be done，主语前加 by 1．A new app _________ next month to help people learn traditional Chinese calligraphy. A．was developed B．is developed C．will be developed D．has been developed 2．A few people believe that most of the teaching work ________ by AI in the near future. A．is done B．was done C．will be done D．is being done 3．Doctor Zhang, leader of the medical team of experts, _______ by CCTV last week. A．interviewed B．was interviewed C．were interviewed D．is interviewed 4．Paper decorations for the art festival ________ from the ceiling in every classroom last month. A．were hanged B．were hung C．had been hanged D．had been hung 5．Look! The cow ________ to a big tree, so it can only eat the grass nearby. A．ties B．tied C．is tied D．was tied 6．No decision ________ about the family trip in December until Andy’s father comes back. A．is made B．will make C．is making D．will be made 7．A new sports center ________ in our neighborhood next year, so we will have a better place to exercise. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．is building 8．A new hospital _______ in our neighborhood next year. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．was built 9．We are very pleased to know that a new underground railway ________ in a few months. A．built B．will build C．was built D．will be built 10．The new recycling system ________ in our neighborhood since September. A．is used B．was used C．has been used D．will be used 11．—Dad, can I watch TV for a while? —Sorry. Not until your homework ________ this evening. A．will be finished B．will finish C．finished D．is finished 12．Jixiangma, the mascot for the 2026 Lunar New Year, ________ on November 25th, 2025. A．introduced B．will introduce C．was introduced D．will be introduced 13．—Who will be the winner of this year’s school art festival? —No one will know the result until it ________ next Friday. A．announces B．is announced C．will announce D．will be announced 14．The twins ________ the piano at this time yesterday. I think they might be preparing for the art festival these days. A．heard the play B．heard to play C．were heard playing D．were heard to play 15．—Can I go to the concert with you tomorrow, Mum? —I’m afraid not unless all your homework ________. A．will be done B．is done C．has done D．does 16．The detective won’t stop searching for the clues to the murder until the murderer ______. A．has arrested B．will be arrested C．is arrested D．arrests 17．If everyone puts more effort into the work, the task ______ in five days. A．was finished B．is finished C．has been finished D．will be finished 18．—Who will be the winner of this year’s school art festival? —No one can know the result until it ________ next Monday. A．announces B．is announced C．will announce D．will be announced 19．—Who will be the winner of the game show? —No one can know the result until it ________ tomorrow morning. A．will be announced B．will announce C．is announced D．announces 20．Labor Education ________ to develop the view of the world life, values and an interest in doing housework. A．is carried out B．has carried out C．carried out D．is carrying out 考点三 主谓一致 1．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）There ________ different opinions on smart technology. What do you think about it? A．is B．are C．have D．has 2．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题） There _______ more than thirty selective courses in our school. Which one would you like to choose? A．is B．are C．have D．has 3．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. A．is B．are C．was D．were 4．（2017·江苏泰州·中考真题）Neither Jim nor Tom _______ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 5．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends. A．am B．is C．are D．be 6．（2020·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Mum, I'm hungry. —There____some biscuits on the table. Enjoy them, please. A．is B．are C．has D．have 7．（2020·江苏泰州·中考真题）This pair of trousers ________ smooth because they are made of Chinese silk. A．feels B．feel C．is felt D．are felt 8．（2020·江苏盐城·中考真题）—My mother said you went on a Silk Road trip last year. —Yes, it a wonderful trip. A．is B．was C．will be D．were 一、语法一致规则 主语情况 谓语形式 示例 单数主语 单数动词 The boy plays football. 复数主语 复数动词 The boys play football. 不可数名词 单数动词 Water is important. 集体名词（强调整体） 单数动词 Our class is very big. 集体名词（强调成员） 复数动词 Our class are having a meeting. 二、就近原则 连接词 结构 示例 or A or B + V He or I am wrong. either...or Either A or B + V Either he or you are right. neither...nor Neither A nor B + V Neither you nor she likes apples. not only...but also Not only A but also B + V Not only he but also I am a student. whether...or Whether A or B + V Whether he or you are going doesn't matter. 三、意义一致原则 1. 集体名词的主谓一致 集体名词 强调整体（单数） 强调成员（复数） family My family is a big one. My family are watching TV. class Our class is on the third floor. The class are having a discussion. team Our team is the best. The team are talking about the match. group This group is for study. The group are from different countries. audience The audience was large. The audience were excited. 2. 表示数量、时间、金钱、距离等的主语 规则：当这些词语表示整体概念时，谓语用单数；表示个体单位时，谓语用复数。 主语类型 单数谓语（整体） 复数谓语（个体） 时间 Ten years is a long time. Ten years have passed. 金钱 Ten dollars is enough. Ten dollars were on the table. 距离 Ten miles is not far. The last ten miles were the hardest. 重量 Ten pounds is heavy. Ten pounds of apples are in the box. 1. 语法一致 · 单数主语 + 单数谓语 · 复数主语 + 复数谓语 2. 意义一致 · 集体名词 family, class 强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数 My family is big. My family are watching TV. 3. 就近原则 · there be, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor There is a book and two pens. Neither he nor I am right. 4. 就远原则 · with, together with, as well as, except He, together with his parents, likes sports. 5. 特殊考点 · 时间、金钱、距离、长度作主语，谓语用单数 Two years is a long time. · 不定代词 someone, anyone, everything 作主语，谓语单数 Everyone is here. 1．—In modern education, we should ______ acquire knowledge ______ develop practical skills. —In fact, we ______ care too much about both. A．not only; but also; can’t B．both; and; must C．either; or; can’t D．neither; nor; must 2．________ my father ________ my brother is crazy about football. So they have watched several football matches in the Jiangsu Football City League. A．Not only; but also B．Neither; nor C．Either; or D．Both; and 3．—When shall we have the class meeting? —We can have it ________ on Monday ________ on Wednesday. Both days are free. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．both; and D．not only; but also 4．—Why does Sam have so few friends at school? —Because he is ______ polite ______ helpful. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 5．With the help of AI, students ________ need to check heavy textbooks ________ spend hours searching for information. They can learn certain skills in a fast and convenient way. A．both; and B．either; or C．not only; but also D．neither; nor 6．Autumn in Lianyungang is ________ too cold ________ too hot. It’s a great time for picnics. A．not only...but also B．neither...nor C．either...or D．both…and 7．—Do you know _______ Zhang Jian _______ Fan Changjiang were born in Jiangsu? —Yes. They made great contributions to China and their hometown, Jiangsu. A．either; or B．not only; but also C．neither, nor D．both; and 8．—When shall we go and visit the Palace Museum? —________ this weekend ________ next Sunday is OK. Let’s make it next Saturday, shall we? A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Not only; but also D．Both; and 9．Neither the parents nor the teacher ________ the students to stay out late. A．don’t allow B．allows C．doesn’t allow D．allow 10．—Nobody but you ________ late for school this morning. —Sorry, I was going to school ________ it began to rain heavily. A．was; before B．were; while C．was; when D．were; when 11．________ Mrs. Wu _________ Mr. Wu is interested in the film. They want to know more about it. A．Both; and B．Either; or C．Neither; nor D．Not only; but also 12．Liam, my little son, can ________ swim ________ skate. He’s going to have some training this summer vacation. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 13．— Quan Hongchan and Cui Chenxi, two young gold medalists at the Hangzhou Asian Games, have impressed people a lot. What was the secret of their success? —________ Quan Hongchan ________ Cui Chenxi achieved success easily. Their hard work paid off. A．Neither; nor B．Both; and C．Not only; but also D．Either; or 14．— I felt very proud when I saw many things made in China during my stay in Europe. — There’s still a long way to go. _________ “Made in China” _________ “Created in China” is what we need. A．Either; or B．Both; and C．Neither; nor D．Not only; but also 15．—Quan Hongchan and Chen Yuxi, two young gold medalists at the 2024 Paris Olympics, have impressed people a lot. What was the secret of their success? —________ Quan Hongchan ________ Chen Yuxi succeeded easily. They made it through hard work. A．Not only; but also B．Both; and C．Neither; nor D．Either; or 16．Not only my friends but also I ________ going to take part in the English competition next month. A．am B．is C．are D．be 17．Tom, together with his two friends, ______ to Beijing for a holiday this summer. A．are going B．was going C．were going D．is going 18．Half of the class ________ most of the work. The rest ________ really difficult. A．have done; are B．has done; are C．has done; is D．have done; is 19．Nowadays, ________ people like to spend ________ time on Internet. A．a number of, too many B．an amount of, too many C．an amount of, too much D．a number of, too much 20．________ students participating in after-school programs at our school ________ nearly 50. A．The number of, is B．The number of, are C．A number of, is D．A number of, are 1．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—It has been ten years since we met each other for the first time. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A．made B．have made C．have been D．are making 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）Xu Xiake more than 30 years travelling, mostly on foot, around China in the 17th century. A．spends B．spent C．has spent D．was spending 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 4．（2025·江苏南京·三模）As a form of art, ice sculpture ________ in 1892. The famous French chef Auguste Escoffier made a fantastic swan out of ice. A．begins B．began C．has begun D．is beginning 5．（2025·江苏常州·三模）—Where is your sister? —She ________ Canada for three months. A．has gone to B．had gone to C．has been to D．has been in 6．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—It takes me nearly two hours on the way to work. It makes me very upset. —Don’t worry. It will become much more convenient when the underground ________ next year. A．builds B．will build C．is built D．will be built 7．（2025·江苏南京·三模）—You’re looking very smart in a new suit today. —Thanks. But to tell you the truth, I ________ it for quite a few years. A．had B．bought C．have had D．have bought 8．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）I didn’t hear the knock on the door just now because I ________ an exciting football match. A．watched B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching 9．（2025·江苏南京·二模）Up to now, AI ______ the traditional classroom model more interesting. A．is making B．makes C．has made D．made 10．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Mom said she ________ a cake after work, but the shop was closed. A．bought B．would buy C．was buying D．had bought 11．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）“Hurry, the performance ________ in five minutes,” Amy shouted excitedly. A．started B．has started C．was starting D．will start 12．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—Our local dance show Dream of the Red Chamber is so hot. —Indeed. I ________ for tickets the whole morning. Luckily, I finally got one! A．fights B．will fight C．have fought D．was fighting 13．（2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）—When did your family leave your hometown? —In 2010. We ________ for almost 14 years. A．left B．are leaving C．have left D．have been away 14．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）When I _______ in the college, I joined the Students’ Union. A．study B．am studying C．have studied D．was studying 15．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the library at 5 p. m. yesterday. —I ________ singing for the School Art Festival at that time. A．have practiced B．was practicing C．practiced D．will practice 16．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—When did your uncle leave his hometown? —He ________ for nearly twenty years. A．has left B．has been away C．left D．had been away 17．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The Chinese Spring Festival ________ on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4, 2024. A．includes B．has included C．was included D．has been included 18．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—Do you think AI can completely take teachers’ jobs in the future? —No, many tasks ________ by AI, but teachers’ care can never be copied. A．done B．doing C．are doing D．are done 19．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）The future of education _________ greatly as AI technologies develop quickly. A．influences B．is influenced C．will be influenced D．was influenced 20．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）The new science museum ________ in our city next month. Let’s visit it together! A．sets up B．will be set up C．is put on D．has been put down 21．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）— It’s said that iQIYI Land ________ in Yangzhou since March, 2025. — Really? It will become a new popular attraction in our hometown. A．has built B．were built C．will be built D．has been built 22．（2025·江苏常州·二模）It’s reported that another big shopping center ________ here next year. A．will open B．opened C．opens D．is open 23．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）The 21st Jiangsu Provincial Games ________ in Lianyungang in 2026. A．is held B．will hold C．was held D．will be held 24．（2025·江苏·二模）—How can I get the food online as soon as possible? —JD Takeout is also a good way. JD Takeout can send it to you if your food ________. A．orders B．will order C．is ordered D．will be ordered 25．（2025·江苏南京·二模）After this accident, more than 100 calls ________ every day reporting sea lions and dolphins influenced by this toxin. A．are made B．make C．are making D．were making 26．（2025·江苏南京·二模）The photos of our school camping trip ________ on our school website next Monday. A．put B．are put C．will put D．will be put 27．（2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测）Earth Day ________ every year on April 22 to remind people worldwide to protect our planet. A．celebrates B．celebrated C．was celebrated D．is celebrated 28．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The number of the teachers in our school _________ bigger last term. A number of teachers _________ for over ten years now. A．grew, have worked B．grows, has worked C．grows, have worked D．grew, are working 29．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 30．（24-25九年级上·江苏南京·期中）My sister together with my parents ________ shopping at the supermarket. I can call ________ of them to get me some ink. A．is; any B．are; any C．is; either D．are; either 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $