专题08 句子种类与简单句的基本句型（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦句子种类（陈述句、疑问句等）、there be句型及简单句基本句型，按“考情分析-考点梳理-真题训练”架构，通过结构归纳、例句解析、真题演练突破难点，体现系统性与针对性。 亮点在于“真题动向+核心提炼+易错警示”三模块，如疑问句考点结合北京近三年中考真题，归纳疑问词组用法并区分易混点，培养语言能力与思维品质。分层练习覆盖选择与语法填空，助力教师精准把控节奏，提升学生应考能力。

专题08 句子种类与简单句的基本句型（复习讲义）（北京专用） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 陈述句 考点二 疑问句 考点三 祈使句 考点四 感叹句 考点五 there be句型 考点六 简单句的基本句型 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1．从命题形式上看，主要出现在单项选择题、写作中。 2．从命题内容上看，主要考查疑问句，并列句和基本句型。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 单项选择 第5小题 第5小题 第5小题 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：疑问句，并列句 主要在单项选择、写作中考查。 考点一 陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一个事实或情况，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号，读降调。 形式 结构 例句 肯定形式 主语+谓语（+其他）. He likes playing football. 主语+系动词+表语（+其他）. My name is Jenny Green. 否定形式 主语+be动词/助动词/情态（助）动词+not（+其他）. The clock isn't working now. He doesn't like oranges. 用表示否定意义的词（never、seldom、hardly、no、few、little、nothing、nobody、none、neither、nowhere等）来实现 We seldom go to the movies. Nobody could answer my question. 部分否定形式 含有all、both、everything等的肯定句加not变为否定句后只表示部分否定。若要表示全部否定，则需用no、no one、nobody、none、neither、nothing等词。 ·All the students in our class like playing football.我们班所有的学生都喜欢踢足球。（肯定句） · Not all the students in our class like playing football.=All the students in our class don't like playing football.我们班并非所有的学生都喜欢踢足球。（部分否定） ·None of the students in our class like playing football. 我们班没有一个学生喜欢踢足球。（全部否定） 1．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）Let’s play football if it ____ rain tomorrow. A．won’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．don’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果明天不下雨，我们去踢足球吧。 考查助动词辨析。won’t 表示将来时的否定；doesn’t 主语是第三人称单数；isn’t 用于一般现在时，表示否定；don’t 用于一般现在时，主语是非第三人称单数。根据“Let’s play football if it”可知，if 引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句主语是 it，动词是 rain，为实义动词，否定形式需要借助助动词 doesn’t，故选 B。 2．（2025·江西宜春·二模）My father’s car ________ yesterday because a necessary part wasn’t available at the repair shop. A．is repaired B．isn’t repaired C．was repaired D．wasn’t repaired 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我父亲的汽车昨天没有被修好，因为修理店缺少一个必要的零件。 考查被动语态和否定句。根据“because a necessary part wasn’t available at the repair shop”可知车没有被修好，因此主句应用否定句，排除选项A和C；根据“yesterday”可知时态应用一般过去时。故选D。 3．（2025·江苏·模拟预测）It’s raining heavily outside. You’d better ________ out. A．not go B．not to go C．don’t go D．to not go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：外面下着大雨。你最好不要出去。 考查否定句。had better“最好”，后接动词原形，其否定形式是“had better not do sth.”，意为“最好不做某事”。故选A。 4．（2025·陕西西安·模拟预测）—Excuse me, could you please ________ the car here? —Sorry, I ________. I will move it away right now. A．not to park; will B．not to park; won’t C．not park; will D．not park; won’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，请你不要把车停在这儿好吗？——抱歉，我不会（停在这儿）了。我现在就把它移走。 考查情态动词的用法。could you please后接动词原形，否定形式是could you please not do sth.，所以第一空用not park；根据“Sorry”以及“I will move it away right now. ”可知回答是不会把车停在这儿了，用won’t。故选D。 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）Look! It’s snowing ________ outside. You’d better ________ out. A．heavily; go B．heavy; to go C．heavy; don’t go D．heavily; not go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看！外面雪正下得很大。你最好不要出去。 考查副词的用法及否定句。heavy大量的，形容词；heavily大量地，副词。第一空需要一个副词来修饰动词“snowing”，表示雪下得很大。“heavy”是形容词，其副词形式是 “heavily”；根据snowing可知，外面下雪，因此是最好不要出去，had better not do“最好不要做某事”。故选D。 考点二 疑问句 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）—Steve, ________ did you begin to learn how to play chess? —About two years ago. A．what B．when C．why D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Steve，你什么时候开始学习下棋的？——大约两年前。 考查特殊疑问句。what什么；when什么时候；why为什么；where在哪里。根据“About two years ago.”可知，此处询问时间，用when提问。故选B。 2．（2024·北京·中考真题）— Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty. ________ did you buy it? — In a store near my home. A．How B．Where C．Why D．When 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——莉莉，你的新书包很漂亮。你在哪里买的？——在我家附近的一家商店。 考查特殊疑问句。How怎么；Where哪里；Why为什么；When 什么时候。根据答语“In a store near my home”可知，此处询问在哪里买的书包，应用where。故选B。 3．（2023·北京·中考真题）—________ do you tidy your own room? —Twice a week. A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你多久整理一次你自己的房间？——一周两次。 考查疑问词组。How often多久一次；How soon多久以后；How much多少（钱）；How long多久。根据“Twice a week.”可知询问频率，用How often提问。故选A。 4．（2022·北京·中考真题）—_________ will Liu Yang stay in the space station this time? —For six months. A．How long B．How often C．How much D．How soon 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这次刘洋会在空间站待多久？——六个月。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多久；How often多久一次；How much多少钱；How soon多久之后。根据答语“For six months.”可知，此处对时长进行提问，故选A。 5．（2022·北京·中考真题）—_________ I take photos here? —Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum. A．Must B．Need C．Can D．Will 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以在这里拍照吗？——对不起，你不能。博物馆不允许拍照。 考查动词辨析。Must必须；Need需要；Can可以；Will将会。根据答语“Sorry, you can’t”可知，用can提问，用can/can’t回答。故选C。 6．（2021·北京·中考真题）—________ shall we meet for the picnic? —At the school gate. A．How B．When C．Why D．Where 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们野餐在哪里见面？——在学校门口。 考查特殊疑问句。How如何；When何时；Why为什么；Where哪里。根据“At the school gate.”可知，此处对地点提问，故选D。 1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句以be动词、助动词、情态动词开头,通常用yes或no回答。在对话中使用一般疑问句时应特别注意问句与答句在人称、数和时态上的一致。 （1）be动词+主语+表语（+其他） —Is the book about English grammar?—Yes, it is./No, it isn't. （2）助动词+主语+动词原形（+其他） —Did it take long to realize that something was wrong?—Yes, it did./No, it didn't. （3）情态（助）动词+主语+谓语（+其他） —Will they lend us some more money?—Yes, they will./No, they won't. 2.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是由疑问代词、疑问副词或疑问词组引导的疑问句,不用yes或no来回答。 （1）疑问代词 疑问代词 例句 who（作主语）/whom（作宾语） 谁（指人） —Who wrote the novel 1984? —（The novel was written by）George Orwell. —Whom did you see at the party last night? —（I saw） Sarah （at the party last night）. whose谁的（指人） —Whose book is this on the table? （=Whose is this book on the table?） —It's mine/Tom's. what什么（指人或物） —What does he do? —He is a doctor. —What happened to your car? —My car broke down on the way to work. which哪一个/哪一些（指人或物） —Which student won the match in your class? —Tom. —Which word has the closest meaning to “blue”? —Sorry, I don't know. （2）疑问副词 疑问副词 例句 when何时（问时间） —When did you first use DeepSeek? —At the beginning of 2025. where何地（问地点） —Where did Zhang Liang get one of the old man's shoes? —Under the bridge. why为什么（问原因） —Why are libraries less popular than before? —Because people prefer to use the Internet to find out information. how怎样;如何（问方式,感觉） —How did Lupe feel when she saw the girl in a baseball cap? —Worried. —How does the writer develop the passage? —By giving examples. （3）疑问词组 疑问词组 例句 how often多久一次 （问频率） —How often does the competition take place? —Twice a week. how long多长 （问持续时间或长度） —How long will you need to look after your cat? —For the whole of her life. —How long is the table? —The table is two metres long. how far多远（问距离） —How far is it from the man's house to Wanda Cinema? —About 20 minutes' bus ride. how soon多久之后 （问要多长时间） —How soon will Jeff finish his homework? —In two hours. how much多少（询问不可数名词的量）；多少钱 —How much water do you need? —Two bottles. —How much will Mr. Green pay if he goes to the Music Festival? —￡20. how many多少 （询问可数名词的数量） —How many children do you have? —Three. how old多少岁（问年龄） —How old is your father? —Forty-five years old. 1．（2025·北京海淀·三模）—________ will the new bridge be completed? —In about two months. A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How far 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——新桥还要多久可以建好？——大约两个月后。 考查疑问词辨析。how long多久，多长时间，用“for+一段时间回答”；how often多久一次，提问频率；how soon多久以后，用“in+一段时间”回答；how far多远，提问距离。根据回答“In about two months”可知，询问的是多久后新桥才可以建好。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）________ is the boy wearing a hat? Is he your brother? A．Which B．Who C．What D．Whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：戴着帽子的男孩是谁？是你哥哥吗？ 考查特殊疑问词。Which哪一个；Who谁；What什么；Whose谁的。根据“Is he your brother?”可知，此处是在询问某人是谁。故选B。 3．（2025·北京东城·二模）—________ was the movie you saw last week, Jenny? —It was very interesting. A．What B．When C．How D．Where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——珍妮，你上周看的电影怎么样？——很有趣。 考查特殊疑问句。what什么；when什么时候；how如何；where哪里。根据“It was very interesting.”可知此处询问对这部电影的看法，用疑问词how。故选C。 4．（2025·北京房山·二模）—________ do you visit your grandparents, Sam? —Once a week. We usually have a big dinner together. A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你多久看望一次你的祖父母，山姆？——一周一次。我们通常一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。 考查特殊疑问词组。How often“多久一次”，对动作发生的频率提问；How soon“多久以后”，通常对将来的时间提问；How much“多少”，对不可数名词的数量或价格提问；How long“多长”，对时间长度或物体长度提问。根据“Once a week.”可知，这是动作发生的频率，用How often进行提问。故选A。 考点三 祈使句 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语you通常省略，常用动词原形开头。 类型 结构 例句 肯定形式 （Do+）动词原形（+其他） （do用来加强语气，表“务必；一定”） Read English loud! Be+adj.（+其他） Be quiet! Let+宾语+动词原形（+其他） Let me help you. 否定形式 Don't+动词原形（+其他） Don't talk in class. Don't + be +adj.（+其他） Don't be late again! No+名词/动名词（+其他） No smoking. （=Don't smoke.） Don't let+宾语+动词原形=Let+宾语+not+动词原形（+其他） Let him not talk in class. Never+动词原形（+其他） Never give up! 1．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________, Tutu, or you will be late for class. Only two minutes left. A．Hurry up B．To hurry up C．Hurrying up D．Hurried up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：快点，图图，否则你上课要迟到了。只剩下2分钟了。 考查祈使句。根据“or you will be late for class”可知这里是祈使句+or…，应用动词原形开头，故选A。 2．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）________ a self-driving car where you want to go, and it will take you there. A．Tell B．Tells C．Told D．To tell 【答案】A 【详解】句意：告诉自动驾驶汽车你想去哪里，它就会带你去到那儿。 考查祈使句。根据“...a self-driving car where you want to go, and it will take you there.”可知，此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构，空处用动词原形。故选A。 3．（2025·北京东城·一模）Practice more, _______ you will improve your handwriting soon. A．for B．and C．or D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多练习，你的书法很快就会提高的。 考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”的用法。for为了；and然后；or或者，否则；but但是。分析题干，前句为祈使句的肯定形式，后句为陈述句，应用“祈使句+and+陈述句”表示‌执行前句动作将导致后句的结果，应用连词and连接前后句，为‌顺承关系‌，隐含“那么/就会”的含义。‌故选B。 4．（2025·北京顺义·一模）Be sure to follow the traffic rules, ________ you may get into trouble. A．or B．but C．and D．for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一定要遵守交通规则，否则你可能会遇到麻烦。 考查“祈使句，and/or+简单句”结构。or否则；but但是；and和；for因为。根据“Be sure to follow the traffic rules, ...you may get into trouble.”可知，此处是“祈使句，and/or+简单句”结构，后半部分表示可能发生的负面结果，or“否则”符合语境。故选A。 考点四 感叹句 感叹句表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,通常由what或how引导。感叹句既可以是完整的句子,也可以是短语。 类型 结构 例句 what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）! What a beautiful girl （she is）! What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式（+主语+谓语）! What important jobs （they have done）! What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）! What good news （it is）! how引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）! How delicious （the noodles are）! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）! How useful a subject （it is）! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 1．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Sun Yingsha won the women’s singles final at the World Table Tennis Championships in Doha on May 25, 2025. —______ exciting the news is! A．What an B．What C．How an D．How 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——孙颖莎在2025年5月25日多哈世界乒乓球锦标赛中赢得了女单决赛。——这消息多么令人激动啊！ 考查感叹句。分析句子可知，句中“exciting”是形容词，后面没有名词，符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语”的结构，因此用“How”引导，故选D。 2．（2025·江西·模拟预测）________exciting news! Our school team________the national robotics championship (全国机器人锦标赛) yesterday! A．What; won B．How; has won C．What an; wins D．How a; will win 【答案】A 【详解】句意：多么激动人心的消息！我们学校的代表队昨天赢得了全国机器人锦标赛的冠军！ 考查what引导的感叹句和一般过去时。第一个空为感叹句句型“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓”；根据“yesterday”可知，第二个空应用一般过去时。故选A。 3．（2025九年级·全国·专题练习）—Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie Dangal. —________ excellent actor he is! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——阿米尔·汗在电影《摔跤吧！爸爸》中饰演了一位伟大的父亲。——他是一位多么优秀的演员啊！ 考查感叹句。此处修饰可数名词单数“actor”（以元音音素/æ/开头），需用“What an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓！”句型。故选C。 考点五 there be句型 there be句型表示“某地/某时有某物/某人”。 1.there be句型的结构 形式 结构 例句 肯定形式 There be+主语+地点/时间状语. There is a boy beside the tree. 否定形式 There be+not+主语+地点/时间状语. There isn't any meat in the fridge. 一般疑问句形式 Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语? —Are there any students in the classroom? —Yes,there are./No,there aren't. 特殊疑问句形式 对主语提问（省略there）：Who/What+be+地点状语/时间状语？ What's in the big box? 对地点状语提问（省略there）：Where+be+主语？ Where will be a celebration next week? 对数量提问：How many/much+名词+be+there+地点/时间状语？ How many AI robots are there in the school library now? 2.there be句型的时态、主谓一致和与非谓语动词连用 结构 说明 例句 一般现在时 描述当前存在的事物或状态 There is a large cat sleeping on the sofa. 一般过去时 描述过去存在的事物或状态 There was a storm last night. 一般将来时 表示预测或未来的计划 There will be/ is going to be a party tomorrow. 现在完成时 表示存在的结果及其影响 There have been many complaints about the poor service at the restaurant. 情态动词 带着情绪、态度或语气 There may be some new clothes on sale in the shop now. 非谓语动词在there be句型中的运用 主谓关系/正在进行的动作 There is a man waiting outside. 外面有个人在等着。 表目的/未发生的动作 There is homework to finish. 还有作业要完成。 动宾关系/已完成的动作 There are no seats left.没有空座位了。 注意 there be表示“存在”或“有”，是一种静态描述，而非动作，没有进行时态和被动语态。 3.there be句型的“就近原则” 句子中的be动词和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。在有并列主语的情况下,往往根据第一个主语的单复数来确定be动词的形式。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 4.存现句的常用句型 （1）There be+sb./sth. doing sth.有某人或某物正在做某事。 There is someone waiting for him. （2）There be+sb./sth. to do sth.有某人或某物要做某事。（表示该动作尚未发生） There is a large crowd to see him off. （3）There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问…… There is no doubt that everyone should protect the environment. （4）There is no need for sb. to do sth.某人没有必要做某事。 There is no need for you to bring a computer. （5）There is something wrong with...……有问题/出故障。 There is something wrong with her leg. 1．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A．are B．is C．were D．was 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本书中有许多中国古诗。你最喜欢哪一个？——王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》。 考查主谓一致和时态。此处表示客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选A。 2.(2023甘肃)There 　　　 a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.was　　　 D.were 答案　A　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空后的主语a big tree为单数,排除B、D选项,根据后面一句“You can see many birds in it.”可知,时态为一般现在时,故选A。 考点六 简单句的基本句型 类型 例句 主语+谓语（S+V） （谓语为不及物动词） 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）（谓语为及物动词） 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+C/P）（表语多为名词、形容词、介词短语等,常见的系动词:be、turn、get、look、smell等） 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO） （谓语后须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，如give 、show、pass、buy等） 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC） （常见的此类谓语动词:make、keep、let、see、hear、notice等） 1．（2025·甘肃平凉·三模）The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“Tom is playing basketball.”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语。 考查句子基本结构辨析。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P主语+系动词+表语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知，Tom，作主语；is playing作谓语；basketball作宾语，属于“主语+谓语+宾语”（S+V+O）的基本结构。故选A。 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“They are swimming in the river now.”这个句子的句型是什么？ 考查句子结构。S+V+P主语+系动词+表语；S+V主语+不及物动词；S+V+O主语+及物动词+宾语；S+V+O+OC主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。在句子“They are swimming in the river now.”中，“They”是主语，“are swimming”是谓语动词（现在进行时，表示动作正在进行），“in the river”是地点状语，“now”是时间状语。这个句子没有宾语，因为“swimming”是不及物动词，不需要宾语来完成句子的意思。所以，这个句子的句型是S+V（主语+不及物动词）。故选B。 3．（2025·安徽六安·模拟预测）The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“张老师教我们英语。”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构辨析。S+V+DO 主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+IO+DO 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+P 主语+谓语+表语。根据句子“Mr Zhang teaches us English.”可知，“us”是间接宾语，“English”是直接宾语，符合“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构，故选B。 一．选择填空 1．（2026·上海浦东新·一模）—Excuse me, ________ is the nearest underground station? —It’s just around the corner, about a five-minute walk. A．how far B．how soon C．how long D．how much 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，最近的地铁站有多远？——就在拐角处，大约步行五分钟。 考查疑问词。how far多远（问距离）；how soon多久以后（问时间，常与将来时连用）；how long多长时间（问时间段）；how much多少（问数量或价格）。根据答语“It’s just around the corner, about a five-minute walk.”可知，回答的是距离，故用 how far 提问。故选A。 2．（24-25八年级上·四川泸州·期末）—________ do you go to the movies? —Hardly ever. I have so much homework to do. A．How long B．How soon C．How far D．How often 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你多久去看一次电影？——几乎从不。我有太多作业要做。 考查特殊疑问词辨析。How long多长时间，对一段时间或长度提问；How soon多久以后，对将来的一段时间“in +一段时间”提问；How far多远，对距离提问；How often多久一次，对频率提问。根据答语“Hardly ever.”（几乎从不）可知，此处是在询问去看电影的频率，所以应该用How often。故选D。 3．（2025·云南昆明·三模）—________ more time for the students to rest and relax in the future? —Yes! To start with, their break time between classes is longer now. A．Is there B．Are there C．Will there be D．Will there have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——未来将会有更多时间让学生休息和放松吗？——会的！首先，他们现在的课间休息时间更长了。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“in the future”可知要用一般将来时，there be表示“有” ，其疑问句的一般将来时结构是“Will there be...” ，故选C。 4．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）—________ have you been a volunteer in our community? —For 5 years. A．How far B．How long C．How often D．How soon 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在我们社区做志愿者多久了？——5年了。 考查特殊疑问句。how far多远；how long多久；how often多久一次；how soon多久以后。根据“For 5 years.”可知，对时间段提问，应用how long。故选B。 5．（2025·北京丰台·一模）Take off the wet clothes, ________ you’ll catch a cold. A．and B．so C．or D．but 【答案】C 【详解】句意：把湿衬衫脱掉，否则你就会感冒了。 考查连词词义。and和，表示并列；so因此，表示因果；or否则；but但是，表示转折。根据“Take off the wet clothes,...you’ll catch a cold”可知，此处是“祈使句 + or” 表示“如果不做某事，就会导致否定结果”。故选C。 6．（2025·山东东营·中考真题）—In the near future, we may be able to taste food and drinks “online” by an e-Taste tool. —Unbelievable! ________ amazing it is! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在不久的将来，我们或许可以通过电子味觉工具“在线”品尝食物和饮品。——太难以置信了！这多神奇啊！ 考查感叹句引导词。感叹句的核心结构有两种：“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”以及“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！”本句中被强调的部分是形容词amazing，符合How引导的感叹句结构。故选A。 7．（2025·江苏南京·三模）—________ lovely snowman! You are a born artist, Simon. —Thanks. I love playing with snow. A．How B．How a C．What D．What a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——多么可爱的一个雪人啊！西蒙，你是个天生的艺术家。——谢谢。我喜欢玩雪。 考查感叹句结构。感叹句常用“What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓！”或 “How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主谓！”结构。中心词snowman是可数名词单数，lovely以辅音音素开头，需用“What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主谓”结构。故选D。 8．（2025·全国·二模）________ interesting stories they were! I finished reading them in only one hour. A．What an B．How C．What D．What a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：它们是多么有趣的故事啊！我只用一小时就读完了。 考查感叹句。感叹句常用结构：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主谓！或是How+形容词/副词+主谓！本句中“interesting stories”是“形容词+复数名词”结构，应用What引导感叹句，复数名词前不加a/an。故选C。 9．（2025·吉林长春·二模）________ interesting the storybook is! A．What B．What an C．How D．How an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这本故事书真有趣！ 考查感叹句。感叹句的结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！”或“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”。分析句子结构可知，本句符合“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”的结构，所以此处应用How引导感叹句，且interesting是形容词，前面不需要加冠词an。故选C。 10．（2025·云南昆明·三模）—It is said that only about 200 people in China has the family name “Yan”, meaning “salt”. —Wow! ________ unusual last name it is! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——据说在中国只有大约200人姓“盐”，意思是“盐”。——哇！多么罕见的一个姓氏啊！ 考查感叹句。中心词是“name”，可数名词单数，且unusual是元音音素开头，an符合句意，结合what an+adj+名词单数+主谓，what an符合句意，故选D。 11．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”? A．S+V+O B．S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C．S+V D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哪个是“他昨天给你买了一本字典”的句型？ 考查句子结构。S+V+O主谓宾；S+Ⅴ+IO+DO主谓双宾；S+V主谓；S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。分析句子可知，He主语；bought谓语；you间接宾语；a dictionary直接宾语；yesterday状语。故选B。 12．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）The sentence “He runs fast.” belongs to the structure ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“他跑得快”这句话属于主谓结构。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P主语+系动词+表语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。根据“He runs fast.”可知，He是主语，runs是谓语，fast是副词，用来修饰runs。故选A。 13．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“我觉得这个故事很有趣。”这句话的结构是主+谓+宾语+宾补。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+IO+ DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。分析句子“I find the story very interesting.”“I”是主语，表示执行动作的在这个句子中，人；“find”是谓语动词，表示“发现”的动作；“the book”是宾语，是“find”这个动作的对象；“interesting”是用来补充说明“the book”的特征，即“有趣的”，在句中作宾语补足语。所以该句子的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”，即 S+V+ DO + OC 结构。故选D。 14．（2024·北京大兴·二模）—Would you like to come to my party? —I’d love to, ________ I have lots of homework to do. A．so B．or C．and D．but 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你愿意来参加我的聚会吗？——我很愿意，但是我有很多作业要做。 考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者；and和；but但是。根据“I’d love to, ... I have lots of homework to do.”可知前后为转折关系，应用but连接，故选D。 15．（2025·北京西城·一模）I went to bed early last night, ______ I feel great today. A．so B．or C．but D．for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我昨晚睡得很早，所以今天感觉很好。 考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者，否则；but但是；for为了。结合语境及前后句“I went to bed early last night…I feel great today.”可知，前后句表示因果关系，应用so表示结果。故选A。 二、语法选择 （1） （2025·陕西安康·一模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 What kind of art do you like? Margaret once came home from school with a drawing of a windmill house and tears 1 her eyes. “What happened? Are you hurt?” asked her mother. Margaret said, “Today we held a drawing activity. Our teacher 2 us to draw our favorite things. When I finished, my classmate, Bob, said my drawing was awful. To my a great anger, he also said I would never become 3 artist.” Margaret. was so sad. “Can you show me your work?” her mother asked again. After watching, her mother told Margaret, “He was wrong. This is a good drawing. Your work is about a windmill house. Why don’t we show 4 to the man who can build it and see what he thinks?” 5 Margaret and her mother rode their bicycles to the builder’s house. They showed him the drawing. The builder looked at her drawing and smiled, “You are 6 a great artist!” Margaret felt a little better. She said, “But a boy at school said it was awful.” “Stuff and nonsense (胡说)!” said the builder. “With lots of practice, some people develop great skills at drawing or painting. But that doesn’t mean their drawings are 7 than yours. Art is a form of expression that allows everyone 8 their thoughts and feelings in a creative way. Everybody is different and art is for everybody.” “Thank you for encouraging me to keep drawing. I know 9 now. We all see things in different 10 and we all find our own ways to show people what we see.” 1．A．with B．at C．in D．on 2．A．asks B．asked C．will ask D．is asking 3．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 4．A．it B．her C．him D．them 5．A．Because B．But C．So D．Unless 6．A．lucky B．luckily C．real D．really 7．A．good B．better C．bad D．worse 8．A．to express B．express C．hide D．to hide 9．A．where is art B．where art is C．what is art D．what art is 10．A．drawings B．drawing C．ways D．way 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了Margaret在学校参加绘画活动后，因同学Bob的负面评价而感到伤心。 1．句意：玛格丽特有一次放学回家，手里拿着一幅风车房子的画，眼里噙着泪水。 with带有；at在；in在……里面；on在……上面。根据“tears...her eyes”可知，此处指眼里噙着泪水，应用介词in。故选C。 2．句意：我们的老师让我们画我们最喜欢的东西。 asks一般现在时，第三人称单数形式；asked一般过去时；will ask一般将来时；is asking现在进行时。根据“Today we held a drawing activity.”可知，此处指过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。 3．句意：令我很生气的是，他还说我永远也成不了艺术家。 a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指；the定冠词，表示特指；/不填。根据“artist”可知，此处泛指一名艺术家，且artist是元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故选B。 4．句意：我们为什么不把它拿给能建造它的人看看他的想法呢？ it它；her她/她的，人称代词宾格或形容词性物主代词；him他，人称代词宾格；them他们，人称代词宾格。根据“Why don’t we show...to the man”可知，此处指把画拿给能建造风车房子的人看，应用代词it代替前文提到的drawing，且此处作show的宾语，应用宾格形式，故选A。 5．句意：所以玛格丽特和她妈妈骑自行车去了建筑工人的家。 Because因为；But但是；So所以；Unless除非。根据“Why don’t we show...to the man who can build it and see what he thinks?”和“Margaret and her mother rode their bicycles to the builder’s house.”可知，此处表示因果关系，前因后果，应用so连接。故选C。 6．句意：你真是个了不起的艺术家！ lucky幸运的，形容词；luckily幸运地，副词；real真的，形容词；really真正地，副词。根据“You are...a great artist!”可知，此处应用副词作状语，且根据语境可知，此处指“真是个了不起的艺术家”，应用really。故选D。 7．句意：但这并不意味着他们的画比你的好。 good好的，形容词原级；better更好的，形容词比较级；bad坏的，形容词原级；worse更坏的，形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，且根据“But that doesn’t mean their drawings are...than yours.”可知，此处指“并不意味着他们的画比你的好”，应用better。故选B。 8．句意：艺术是一种表达形式，它允许每个人以一种创造性的方式表达自己的想法和感受。 to express表达，动词不定式；express表达，动词原形；hide隐藏，动词原形；to hide隐藏，动词不定式。根据“Art is a form of expression that allows everyone...their thoughts and feelings in a creative way.”可知，此处指艺术允许每个人表达自己的想法和感受，allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，是固定短语，所以此处应用动词不定式。故选A。 9．句意：我现在知道艺术是什么了。 where is art艺术在哪里，疑问句语序；where art is艺术在哪里，陈述句语序；what is art艺术是什么，疑问句语序；what art is艺术是什么，陈述句语序。根据“I know...now.”可知，此处是宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除AC；根据“We all see things in different...and we all find our own ways to show people what we see.”可知，此处指现在知道艺术是什么了，应用what art is。故选D。 10．句意：我们都以不同的方式看待事物，我们都找到了自己的方式来向人们展示我们所看到的。 drawings画，复数形式；drawing画，单数形式；ways方式，复数形式；way方式，单数形式。根据“We all see things in different...and we all find our own ways to show people what we see.”可知，此处指“我们都以不同的方式看待事物”，应用名词way，且此处表示泛指，应用复数形式。故选C。 （2） （2025·陕西宝鸡·一模）At school, we have a special corner. 1 watch plant growth and discover wildlife there. We call it the “classroom farm”. At 2 , we can see plant pots, tents with vegetables and more! We have an art class on Fridays there. We study different parts of 3 , such as the roots, leaves and fruits. And we draw beautiful pictures of them. We enjoy talking about paintings and art. Last week, I picked up a dandelion (蒲公英) and blew its seeds (种子) away, making a wish. 4 it is! On Tuesdays, we have our biology class. We watch ants 5 collect insects under our nose. And we plant trees together. We like the teamwork and try our best 6 things better. Last term, we did a science project of planting beans. First, we were told to put the bean seeds on a wet paper tower. Then, put them under a tree to get some sunlight. After the seeds sprouted (发芽), they 7 into a small pot. And we were asked to put some stones on the sprouts to help them grow much stronger. We thought 8 it was so amazing! At the same time, we made videos about the process. And we shared them 9 our school website! The “classroom farm” is a wonderful corner for learning, and it brings joy to our life. 10 it? 1．A．Our B．our C．We D．we 2．A．farm B．a farm C．farms D．the farm 3．A．plant B．plants C．animal D．animals 4．A．How interesting an thing B．What interesting a thing C．How an interesting thing D．What an interesting thing 5．A．and B．but C．so D．or 6．A．to make B．make C．to take D．take 7．A．move B．were moved C．moved D．are moved 8．A．that B．if C．when D．which 9．A．in B．for C．on D．to 10．A．Are you like B．Is you like C．Do you like D．Does you like 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了学校里名为“教室农场”的特别角落，介绍了在这个角落进行的美术课、生物课相关活动，以及学生们在其中的学习体验和收获。 1．句意：我们在那里观察植物生长，发现野生动物。 Our我们的，形容词性物主代词，大写首字母；our我们的，形容词性物主代词，小写首字母；We我们，主格，大写首字母；we我们，主格，小写首字母。此处作主语，句首单词首字母大写，应选主格We。故选C。 2．句意：在农场，我们可以看到花盆、种着蔬菜的帐篷等等！ farm农场，名词单数；a farm一个农场，表泛指；farms农场，名词复数；the farm这个农场，表特指。这里特指前面提到的“教室农场”，应用the farm表特指。故选D。 3．句意：我们研究植物的不同部分，比如根、叶和果实。 plant植物，单数；plants植物，复数；animal动物，单数；animals动物，复数。根据“We study different parts of ... , such as the roots, leaves and fruits.”可知，研究的是植物的根、叶和果实等部分，所以此处用复数plants表示“植物”。故选B。 4．句意：这是多么有趣的一件事啊！ How interesting an thing表述错误；What interesting a thing表述错误；How an interesting thing表述错误；What an interesting thing多么有趣的一件事。此为感叹句，感叹句结构为“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！”或“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！”，此处thing是可数名词单数，interesting是元音音素开头，空后“it is”为句子的主谓部分，故完整句子为What an interesting thing it is! 故选D。 5．句意：我们观察蚂蚁，在眼皮底下收集昆虫。 and和，表并列；but但是，表转折；so所以，表结果；or或者，表选择。“watch ants”和“collect insects”是并列关系，用and。故选A。 6．句意：我们喜欢团队合作，尽我们最大的努力让事情变得更好。 to make使，为了使，动词不定式；make使，动词原形；to take拿，为了拿，动词不定式；take拿，动词原形。根据“We like the teamwork and try our best ... things better.”可知，“try one’s best to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，这里表示尽最大努力使事情更好，用to make。故选A。 7．句意：种子发芽后，它们被移到一个小花盆里。 move移动，一般现在时；were moved被移动，一般过去时的被动语态；moved移动，一般过去时；are moved被移动，一般现在时的被动语态。主语they (种子)和move是被动关系，且描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态were moved。故选B。 8．句意：我们认为这太神奇了！ that引导宾语从句，无实义；if是否；when当……时候；which哪一个。根据“We thought ... it was so amazing!”可知，此处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，用that引导，无实义。故选A。 9．句意：我们在学校网站上分享了它们！ in在……里面；for为了；on在……上面；to到。根据“And we shared them ... our school website!”可知，“在网站上”用介词on，即on the website，固定搭配。故选C。 10．句意：你喜欢它吗？ Are you like表述错误；Is you like表述错误；Do you like你喜欢，一般现在时的一般疑问句；Does you like表述错误。根据“The ‘classroom farm’ is a wonderful corner for learning, and it brings joy to our life. ... it?”可知，like是实义动词，主语是you，一般现在时的一般疑问句要借助助动词do，所以是Do you like。故选C。 （3） （2025·陕西渭南·一模）As a kid, I looked forward to being free from my parents’ rules. “Chenyu, do your homework!” “Practice the piano!” 1 endless warning made me wish for a break from their control. My chance came 2 they had to travel for work, leaving me home alone. At first, it was great—late night playing video games, no piano practice. But the next morning, I overslept, missed breakfast, and even my homework 3 at home. Without my parents, I tried 4 rice but burnt it and broke my dad’s cup. I found out I wasn’t good at these small things as 5 as they look. I started to miss their care and rules. I came to realize my parents’ rules were there to guide me, not just to control me. When they returned, I shared 6 experience, and we laughed. Although it was painful for me to live without their rules, I thought it 7 a life treasure. I told them 8 the rules meant to me. We talked about making rules together, ones that were fair and considered my growing need for independence. I learned that rules were important for growth. I 9 thankful for my parents’ love. Besides, the rules they made kept our home running smoothly, and I 10 the importance of managing (管理) freedom and duty well. 1．A．Their B．their C．They D．they 2．A．unless B．although C．before D．when 3．A．was leaving B．is leaving C．was left D．is left 4．A．to order B．order C．to cook D．cook 5．A．easy B．easily C．difficult D．difficultly 6．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 7．A．in B．for C．with D．as 8．A．which B．what C．how D．whether 9．A．was B．is C．were D．are 10．A．am understanding B．will understand C．understand D．understood 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候渴望摆脱父母的规矩，父母因工作外出留下作者独自在家，作者起初觉得自由，但后来因自理能力不足开始想念父母的规矩，最后明白规矩对成长的重要性的故事。 1．句意：他们无休止的警告让我渴望摆脱他们的控制。 Their他们的，形容词性物主代词，首字母大写；their他们的，形容词性物主代词，首字母小写；They他们，主格，首字母大写；they他们，主格。此处修饰名词warnings，用形容词性物主代词，且句首单词首字母大写，所以用Their。故选A。 2．句意：当他们因工作要外出，把我独自留在家里时，我的机会来了。 unless除非；although虽然；before在……之前；when当……时候。根据“My chance came ... they had to travel for work, leaving me home alone.”可知，这里表示“当……时候”，用when引导时间状语从句。故选D。 3．句意：但第二天早上，我睡过头了，没吃早饭，甚至我的作业也忘在家里了。 was leaving过去进行时；is leaving现在进行时；was left一般过去时的被动语态；is left一般现在时的被动语态。主语homework和leave之间是被动关系，且描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，“was left”表示“被落下”。故选C。 4．句意：没有父母在身边，我试着煮饭，但把饭煮糊了，还打碎了爸爸的杯子。 to order点菜，动词不定式；order点菜，动词原形；to cook烹饪，动词不定式；cook烹饪，动词原形。try to do sth. 意为“尝试做某事”，排除B、D；根据“rice”可知是尝试煮饭，用to cook。故选C。 5．句意：我发现这些小事并不像看起来那么容易。 easy容易的，形容词；easily容易地，副词；difficult困难的，形容词；difficultly困难地，副词。as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 表示“和……一样”；根据“I found out I wasn’t good at these small things as ... as they look. I started to miss their care and rules.”可知，小事并不像看起来那么容易，这里作look的表语，用形容词easy。故选A。 6．句意：当他们回来时，我分享了这段经历，我们都笑了。 a一个，不定冠词，用于读音以辅音音素开头的单词前，表泛指 ；the这，定冠词，表特指；an一个，不定冠词，用于读音以元音音素开头的单词前，表泛指；/零冠词，在一些特定语法规则下，名词前不用冠词 。根据“I shared ... experience, and we laughed.”可知，这里特指作者独自在家的这段经历，用定冠词the。故选B。 7．句意：虽然没有他们的规矩对我来说很痛苦，但我把它当作人生的财富。 in在……内；for为了，给；with和……一起；as作为，当作。think of... as... 意为“把……当作……”，固定搭配，这里省略了of 。故选D。 8．句意：我告诉他们这些规矩对我意味着什么。 which哪一个；what什么；how怎样；whether是否。分析句子“I told them ... the rules meant to me.”可知，引导词在从句中作meant的宾语，表示“什么”，用what。故选B。 9．句意：我为父母的爱而感恩。 was是，be动词的过去式，用于第一人称单数I和第三人称单数he/she/it等的一般过去时；is是，be动词的第三人称单数现在式，用于一般现在时；were是，be动词的过去式，用于第二人称单数和复数you以及第一、三人称复数we/they的一般过去时；are是，be动词的复数现在式，用于第二人称单数和复数you以及第一、三人称复数we/they的一般现在时。“be thankful for”是固定搭配，意为“为……而感恩”，文章整体是一般过去时，主语是I，对应的be动词过去式是was。故选A。 10．句意：此外，他们制定的规矩让我们家顺利运转，我也理解了平衡自由和责任的重要性。 am understanding正在理解，现在进行时；will understand将会理解，一般将来时；understand理解，动词原形，用于一般现在时；understood理解，understand的过去式和过去分词，用于一般过去时，或用于完成时态等。文章整体是一般过去时，这里也用一般过去时，understand的过去式是understood。故选D。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 句子种类与简单句的基本句型（复习讲义）（北京专用） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 陈述句 考点二 疑问句 考点三 祈使句 考点四 感叹句 考点五 there be句型 考点六 简单句的基本句型 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1．从命题形式上看，主要出现在单项选择题、写作中。 2．从命题内容上看，主要考查疑问句，并列句和基本句型。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 单项选择 第5小题 第5小题 第5小题 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：疑问句，并列句 主要在单项选择、写作中考查。 考点一 陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一个事实或情况，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号，读降调。 形式 结构 例句 肯定形式 主语+谓语（+其他）. He likes playing football. 主语+系动词+表语（+其他）. My name is Jenny Green. 否定形式 主语+be动词/助动词/情态（助）动词+not（+其他）. The clock isn't working now. He doesn't like oranges. 用表示否定意义的词（never、seldom、hardly、no、few、little、nothing、nobody、none、neither、nowhere等）来实现 We seldom go to the movies. Nobody could answer my question. 部分否定形式 含有all、both、everything等的肯定句加not变为否定句后只表示部分否定。若要表示全部否定，则需用no、no one、nobody、none、neither、nothing等词。 ·All the students in our class like playing football.我们班所有的学生都喜欢踢足球。（肯定句） · Not all the students in our class like playing football.=All the students in our class don't like playing football.我们班并非所有的学生都喜欢踢足球。（部分否定） ·None of the students in our class like playing football. 我们班没有一个学生喜欢踢足球。（全部否定） 1．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）Let’s play football if it ____ rain tomorrow. A．won’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．don’t 2．（2025·江西宜春·二模）My father’s car ________ yesterday because a necessary part wasn’t available at the repair shop. A．is repaired B．isn’t repaired C．was repaired D．wasn’t repaired 3．（2025·江苏·模拟预测）It’s raining heavily outside. You’d better ________ out. A．not go B．not to go C．don’t go D．to not go 4．（2025·陕西西安·模拟预测）—Excuse me, could you please ________ the car here? —Sorry, I ________. I will move it away right now. A．not to park; will B．not to park; won’t C．not park; will D．not park; won’t 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）Look! It’s snowing ________ outside. You’d better ________ out. A．heavily; go B．heavy; to go C．heavy; don’t go D．heavily; not go 考点二 疑问句 1．（2025·北京·中考真题）—Steve, ________ did you begin to learn how to play chess? —About two years ago. A．what B．when C．why D．where 2．（2024·北京·中考真题）— Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty. ________ did you buy it? — In a store near my home. A．How B．Where C．Why D．When 3．（2023·北京·中考真题）—________ do you tidy your own room? —Twice a week. A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long 4．（2022·北京·中考真题）—_________ will Liu Yang stay in the space station this time? —For six months. A．How long B．How often C．How much D．How soon 5．（2022·北京·中考真题）—_________ I take photos here? —Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum. A．Must B．Need C．Can D．Will 6．（2021·北京·中考真题）—________ shall we meet for the picnic? —At the school gate. A．How B．When C．Why D．Where 1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句以be动词、助动词、情态动词开头,通常用yes或no回答。在对话中使用一般疑问句时应特别注意问句与答句在人称、数和时态上的一致。 （1）be动词+主语+表语（+其他） —Is the book about English grammar?—Yes, it is./No, it isn't. （2）助动词+主语+动词原形（+其他） —Did it take long to realize that something was wrong?—Yes, it did./No, it didn't. （3）情态（助）动词+主语+谓语（+其他） —Will they lend us some more money?—Yes, they will./No, they won't. 2.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是由疑问代词、疑问副词或疑问词组引导的疑问句,不用yes或no来回答。 （1）疑问代词 疑问代词 例句 who（作主语）/whom（作宾语） 谁（指人） —Who wrote the novel 1984? —（The novel was written by）George Orwell. —Whom did you see at the party last night? —（I saw） Sarah （at the party last night）. whose谁的（指人） —Whose book is this on the table? （=Whose is this book on the table?） —It's mine/Tom's. what什么（指人或物） —What does he do? —He is a doctor. —What happened to your car? —My car broke down on the way to work. which哪一个/哪一些（指人或物） —Which student won the match in your class? —Tom. —Which word has the closest meaning to “blue”? —Sorry, I don't know. （2）疑问副词 疑问副词 例句 when何时（问时间） —When did you first use DeepSeek? —At the beginning of 2025. where何地（问地点） —Where did Zhang Liang get one of the old man's shoes? —Under the bridge. why为什么（问原因） —Why are libraries less popular than before? —Because people prefer to use the Internet to find out information. how怎样;如何（问方式,感觉） —How did Lupe feel when she saw the girl in a baseball cap? —Worried. —How does the writer develop the passage? —By giving examples. （3）疑问词组 疑问词组 例句 how often多久一次 （问频率） —How often does the competition take place? —Twice a week. how long多长 （问持续时间或长度） —How long will you need to look after your cat? —For the whole of her life. —How long is the table? —The table is two metres long. how far多远（问距离） —How far is it from the man's house to Wanda Cinema? —About 20 minutes' bus ride. how soon多久之后 （问要多长时间） —How soon will Jeff finish his homework? —In two hours. how much多少（询问不可数名词的量）；多少钱 —How much water do you need? —Two bottles. —How much will Mr. Green pay if he goes to the Music Festival? —￡20. how many多少 （询问可数名词的数量） —How many children do you have? —Three. how old多少岁（问年龄） —How old is your father? —Forty-five years old. 1．（2025·北京海淀·三模）—________ will the new bridge be completed? —In about two months. A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How far 2．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）________ is the boy wearing a hat? Is he your brother? A．Which B．Who C．What D．Whose 3．（2025·北京东城·二模）—________ was the movie you saw last week, Jenny? —It was very interesting. A．What B．When C．How D．Where 4．（2025·北京房山·二模）—________ do you visit your grandparents, Sam? —Once a week. We usually have a big dinner together. A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long 考点三 祈使句 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语you通常省略，常用动词原形开头。 类型 结构 例句 肯定形式 （Do+）动词原形（+其他） （do用来加强语气，表“务必；一定”） Read English loud! Be+adj.（+其他） Be quiet! Let+宾语+动词原形（+其他） Let me help you. 否定形式 Don't+动词原形（+其他） Don't talk in class. Don't + be +adj.（+其他） Don't be late again! No+名词/动名词（+其他） No smoking. （=Don't smoke.） Don't let+宾语+动词原形=Let+宾语+not+动词原形（+其他） Let him not talk in class. Never+动词原形（+其他） Never give up! 1．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________, Tutu, or you will be late for class. Only two minutes left. A．Hurry up B．To hurry up C．Hurrying up D．Hurried up 2．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）________ a self-driving car where you want to go, and it will take you there. A．Tell B．Tells C．Told D．To tell 3．（2025·北京东城·一模）Practice more, _______ you will improve your handwriting soon. A．for B．and C．or D．but 4．（2025·北京顺义·一模）Be sure to follow the traffic rules, ________ you may get into trouble. A．or B．but C．and D．for 考点四 感叹句 感叹句表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,通常由what或how引导。感叹句既可以是完整的句子,也可以是短语。 类型 结构 例句 what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）! What a beautiful girl （she is）! What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式（+主语+谓语）! What important jobs （they have done）! What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）! What good news （it is）! how引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）! How delicious （the noodles are）! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）! How useful a subject （it is）! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 1．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Sun Yingsha won the women’s singles final at the World Table Tennis Championships in Doha on May 25, 2025. —______ exciting the news is! A．What an B．What C．How an D．How 2．（2025·江西·模拟预测）________exciting news! Our school team________the national robotics championship (全国机器人锦标赛) yesterday! A．What; won B．How; has won C．What an; wins D．How a; will win 3．（2025九年级·全国·专题练习）—Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie Dangal. —________ excellent actor he is! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 考点五 there be句型 there be句型表示“某地/某时有某物/某人”。 1.there be句型的结构 形式 结构 例句 肯定形式 There be+主语+地点/时间状语. There is a boy beside the tree. 否定形式 There be+not+主语+地点/时间状语. There isn't any meat in the fridge. 一般疑问句形式 Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语? —Are there any students in the classroom? —Yes,there are./No,there aren't. 特殊疑问句形式 对主语提问（省略there）：Who/What+be+地点状语/时间状语？ What's in the big box? 对地点状语提问（省略there）：Where+be+主语？ Where will be a celebration next week? 对数量提问：How many/much+名词+be+there+地点/时间状语？ How many AI robots are there in the school library now? 2.there be句型的时态、主谓一致和与非谓语动词连用 结构 说明 例句 一般现在时 描述当前存在的事物或状态 There is a large cat sleeping on the sofa. 一般过去时 描述过去存在的事物或状态 There was a storm last night. 一般将来时 表示预测或未来的计划 There will be/ is going to be a party tomorrow. 现在完成时 表示存在的结果及其影响 There have been many complaints about the poor service at the restaurant. 情态动词 带着情绪、态度或语气 There may be some new clothes on sale in the shop now. 非谓语动词在there be句型中的运用 主谓关系/正在进行的动作 There is a man waiting outside. 外面有个人在等着。 表目的/未发生的动作 There is homework to finish. 还有作业要完成。 动宾关系/已完成的动作 There are no seats left.没有空座位了。 注意 there be表示“存在”或“有”，是一种静态描述，而非动作，没有进行时态和被动语态。 3.there be句型的“就近原则” 句子中的be动词和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。在有并列主语的情况下,往往根据第一个主语的单复数来确定be动词的形式。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 4.存现句的常用句型 （1）There be+sb./sth. doing sth.有某人或某物正在做某事。 There is someone waiting for him. （2）There be+sb./sth. to do sth.有某人或某物要做某事。（表示该动作尚未发生） There is a large crowd to see him off. （3）There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问…… There is no doubt that everyone should protect the environment. （4）There is no need for sb. to do sth.某人没有必要做某事。 There is no need for you to bring a computer. （5）There is something wrong with...……有问题/出故障。 There is something wrong with her leg. 1．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A．are B．is C．were D．was 2.(2023甘肃)There 　　　 a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.was　　　 D.were 考点六 简单句的基本句型 类型 例句 主语+谓语（S+V） （谓语为不及物动词） 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）（谓语为及物动词） 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+C/P）（表语多为名词、形容词、介词短语等,常见的系动词:be、turn、get、look、smell等） 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO） （谓语后须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，如give 、show、pass、buy等） 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC） （常见的此类谓语动词:make、keep、let、see、hear、notice等） 1．（2025·甘肃平凉·三模）The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 3．（2025·安徽六安·模拟预测）The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 一．选择填空 1．（2026·上海浦东新·一模）—Excuse me, ________ is the nearest underground station? —It’s just around the corner, about a five-minute walk. A．how far B．how soon C．how long D．how much 2．（24-25八年级上·四川泸州·期末）—________ do you go to the movies? —Hardly ever. I have so much homework to do. A．How long B．How soon C．How far D．How often 3．（2025·云南昆明·三模）—________ more time for the students to rest and relax in the future? —Yes! To start with, their break time between classes is longer now. A．Is there B．Are there C．Will there be D．Will there have 4．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）—________ have you been a volunteer in our community? —For 5 years. A．How far B．How long C．How often D．How soon 5．（2025·北京丰台·一模）Take off the wet clothes, ________ you’ll catch a cold. A．and B．so C．or D．but 6．（2025·山东东营·中考真题）—In the near future, we may be able to taste food and drinks “online” by an e-Taste tool. —Unbelievable! ________ amazing it is! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 7．（2025·江苏南京·三模）—________ lovely snowman! You are a born artist, Simon. —Thanks. I love playing with snow. A．How B．How a C．What D．What a 8．（2025·全国·二模）________ interesting stories they were! I finished reading them in only one hour. A．What an B．How C．What D．What a 9．（2025·吉林长春·二模）________ interesting the storybook is! A．What B．What an C．How D．How an 10．（2025·云南昆明·三模）—It is said that only about 200 people in China has the family name “Yan”, meaning “salt”. —Wow! ________ unusual last name it is! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 11．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”? A．S+V+O B．S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C．S+V D．S+V+O+OC 12．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）The sentence “He runs fast.” belongs to the structure ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 13．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 14．（2024·北京大兴·二模）—Would you like to come to my party? —I’d love to, ________ I have lots of homework to do. A．so B．or C．and D．but 15．（2025·北京西城·一模）I went to bed early last night, ______ I feel great today. A．so B．or C．but D．for 二、语法选择 （1） （2025·陕西安康·一模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 What kind of art do you like? Margaret once came home from school with a drawing of a windmill house and tears 1 her eyes. “What happened? Are you hurt?” asked her mother. Margaret said, “Today we held a drawing activity. Our teacher 2 us to draw our favorite things. When I finished, my classmate, Bob, said my drawing was awful. To my a great anger, he also said I would never become 3 artist.” Margaret. was so sad. “Can you show me your work?” her mother asked again. After watching, her mother told Margaret, “He was wrong. This is a good drawing. Your work is about a windmill house. Why don’t we show 4 to the man who can build it and see what he thinks?” 5 Margaret and her mother rode their bicycles to the builder’s house. They showed him the drawing. The builder looked at her drawing and smiled, “You are 6 a great artist!” Margaret felt a little better. She said, “But a boy at school said it was awful.” “Stuff and nonsense (胡说)!” said the builder. “With lots of practice, some people develop great skills at drawing or painting. But that doesn’t mean their drawings are 7 than yours. Art is a form of expression that allows everyone 8 their thoughts and feelings in a creative way. Everybody is different and art is for everybody.” “Thank you for encouraging me to keep drawing. I know 9 now. We all see things in different 10 and we all find our own ways to show people what we see.” 1．A．with B．at C．in D．on 2．A．asks B．asked C．will ask D．is asking 3．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 4．A．it B．her C．him D．them 5．A．Because B．But C．So D．Unless 6．A．lucky B．luckily C．real D．really 7．A．good B．better C．bad D．worse 8．A．to express B．express C．hide D．to hide 9．A．where is art B．where art is C．what is art D．what art is 10．A．drawings B．drawing C．ways D．way （2） （2025·陕西宝鸡·一模）At school, we have a special corner. 1 watch plant growth and discover wildlife there. We call it the “classroom farm”. At 2 , we can see plant pots, tents with vegetables and more! We have an art class on Fridays there. We study different parts of 3 , such as the roots, leaves and fruits. And we draw beautiful pictures of them. We enjoy talking about paintings and art. Last week, I picked up a dandelion (蒲公英) and blew its seeds (种子) away, making a wish. 4 it is! On Tuesdays, we have our biology class. We watch ants 5 collect insects under our nose. And we plant trees together. We like the teamwork and try our best 6 things better. Last term, we did a science project of planting beans. First, we were told to put the bean seeds on a wet paper tower. Then, put them under a tree to get some sunlight. After the seeds sprouted (发芽), they 7 into a small pot. And we were asked to put some stones on the sprouts to help them grow much stronger. We thought 8 it was so amazing! At the same time, we made videos about the process. And we shared them 9 our school website! The “classroom farm” is a wonderful corner for learning, and it brings joy to our life. 10 it? 1．A．Our B．our C．We D．we 2．A．farm B．a farm C．farms D．the farm 3．A．plant B．plants C．animal D．animals 4．A．How interesting an thing B．What interesting a thing C．How an interesting thing D．What an interesting thing 5．A．and B．but C．so D．or 6．A．to make B．make C．to take D．take 7．A．move B．were moved C．moved D．are moved 8．A．that B．if C．when D．which 9．A．in B．for C．on D．to 10．A．Are you like B．Is you like C．Do you like D．Does you like （3） （2025·陕西渭南·一模）As a kid, I looked forward to being free from my parents’ rules. “Chenyu, do your homework!” “Practice the piano!” 1 endless warning made me wish for a break from their control. My chance came 2 they had to travel for work, leaving me home alone. At first, it was great—late night playing video games, no piano practice. But the next morning, I overslept, missed breakfast, and even my homework 3 at home. Without my parents, I tried 4 rice but burnt it and broke my dad’s cup. I found out I wasn’t good at these small things as 5 as they look. I started to miss their care and rules. I came to realize my parents’ rules were there to guide me, not just to control me. When they returned, I shared 6 experience, and we laughed. Although it was painful for me to live without their rules, I thought it 7 a life treasure. I told them 8 the rules meant to me. We talked about making rules together, ones that were fair and considered my growing need for independence. I learned that rules were important for growth. I 9 thankful for my parents’ love. Besides, the rules they made kept our home running smoothly, and I 10 the importance of managing (管理) freedom and duty well. 1．A．Their B．their C．They D．they 2．A．unless B．although C．before D．when 3．A．was leaving B．is leaving C．was left D．is left 4．A．to order B．order C．to cook D．cook 5．A．easy B．easily C．difficult D．difficultly 6．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 7．A．in B．for C．with D．as 8．A．which B．what C．how D．whether 9．A．was B．is C．were D．are 10．A．am understanding B．will understand C．understand D．understood 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $