内容正文:
专题11 句子成分、句子种类和简单句
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
一、句子成分 3
二、句子种类 8
1. 陈述句 8
2. 疑问句 9
1)一般疑问句 9
2)特殊疑问句 10
3)选择疑问句 10
4)反义疑问句 10
3. 祈使句 11
4. 感叹句 12
三、简单句句型 13
①基本句型一:S +V(主+谓) 13
②基本句型二:S +link-V +P(主+系+表) 13
③基本句型三:S +V +O(主+谓+宾) 14
④基本句型四:S +V +IO +DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 14
⑤基本句型五:S +V +O +OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 14
⑥存现句:There be 句型 15
04 优题精选·练能提分 18
课标要求
复习目标
句子成分
· 能识别句子的主要成分(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语)
· 理解各成分在句子中的功能和位置
1.系统复习句子成分和基本句型。
2.熟练区分句子的功能类型(陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹)与结构类型(简单、并列、复合),掌握特殊句式的用法与转换逻辑。
3.能运用成分分析、句型定位等方法,快速解决语法填空、单项选择等题型,并辅助理解阅读中的长难句,提升答题准确率。
迁移应用
4.在写作中灵活运用多样句型,避免结构混乱与错误,实现从语法知识到语言输出的有效迁移,提升综合语言运用能力。
·
句子种类
· 掌握按用途划分的 4 类句子:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
基本句型
· 掌握 5 大基本句型:S+V;S+V+P;S+V+O;S+V+IO+DO;S+V+O+C和there be句型
命题预测
句子成分、句子种类与基本句型作为中考语法的核心内容,在语法选择、语法填空、完成句子、选词填空、书面表达等题型中均有考查。其中,感叹句、祈使句、there be 句型以及各类疑问句是高频考查点,命题灵活、覆盖面广,是复习与备考的重点。
解题锦囊
解题锦囊1:成分拆解法
遇到长难句时,先定位主语和谓语,划出句子主干,再逐一分析定语、状语、补语等修饰成分,快速理清句子逻辑。
解题锦囊2:句型定位法
通过谓语动词的数量和类型,判断句子属于哪种基本句型,再结合语境补全成分或修正错误,尤其适用于语法填空和完成句子题。
解题锦囊3:句式还原法
遇到倒装、强调、省略等特殊句式时,先将其还原为正常语序,再分析成分和结构,降低理解难度。
解题锦囊4:对比排除法
在选择题中,对比选项间的语法差异(如引导词、时态、非谓语形式),结合句子成分和语境排除错误选项,锁定正确答案。
一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语和同位语。
主要句子成分:主语(subject)---s 谓语(predicate)---v 宾语(object)---o
补语(complement)-c 表语(predicative)---p
次要句子成分:定语(attribute)---attr. 状语(adverbial)---adv. 同位语(appositive)等。
八大句子成分具体用法如下:
1.主语
主语由具有名词性的词、短语、句子充当,具体有:名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、代词、数词、介词短语和句子。
①. 名词(短语)
例句:The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。
例句:My parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
拓展:形容词 / 分词本身不具有名词性,不能做主语,但 “the + 形容词 / 分词” 可将形容词和分词名词化,表示一类人 / 物,可做主语。
例句:The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老人。
例句:The injured were sent to the hospital at once. 伤者立刻被送往了医院。
②. 动词不定式(短语)
例句:To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。
例句:It is necessary to finish the task today. 今天完成这项任务很有必要。
③. 动名词(短语)
例句:Swimming is my favorite sport. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
例句:Reading books can broaden our horizons. 读书能开阔我们的眼界。
④. 代词
例句:She is a teacher. 她是一名老师。
例句:This is my new bike. 这是我的新自行车。
⑤. 数词
例句:Three plus five equals eight. 三加五等于八。
例句:Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。
⑥. 句子(主语从句)
例句:What he said is true. 他说的是真的。
例句:That the earth goes around the sun is a fact. // 地球绕着太阳转是一个事实。
2.谓语
谓语表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词,有人称、数、时态的变化。
谓语大体上可以分为两类:简单谓语和复合谓语。
1. 简单谓语
凡是由一个动词或短语动词作谓语的都是简单谓语。
例句:She sings songs in the shower.她洗澡时会唱歌。
例句:They arrived at the station on time. 他们准时到达了车站。
2. 复合谓语
常见的复合谓语有两种:
①由 “情态动词/助动词 + 实义动词” 构成;
例句:We should help others.我们应该帮助别人。
例句:They are playing football.他们正在踢足球。
例句:I have finished my work.我已经完成工作了。
②由 “连系动词 + 表语”构成。
例句:She is a teacher.她是一名老师。
例句:The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
3.宾语
宾语是句子中动作的承受者或介词的对象,一般跟在及物动词或介词后面,回答 “动作做给谁 / 做什么”“介词指向谁 / 什么”。
宾语由具有名词性的词、短语、句子充当,通常有:名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、代词、数词和句子。
例句:
She bought a new book yesterday.她昨天买了一本新书。(名词短语作宾语)
I saw him in the park.我在公园看见他了。(代词作宾语)
She decided to study abroad.她决定出国留学。(不定式作宾语)
He finished doing his homework.他做完作业了。(动名词作宾语)
I think (that) you are right.我认为你是对的。(句子作宾语;即宾语从句)
4.表语
表语与前面的连系动词一起构成复合谓语,用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。
可充当表语的常见成分:名词(短语)、代词、形容词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句(表语从句)。
例句:
He is a teacher.他是一名老师。 (名词作表语)
That’s mine.那是我的。 (代词作表语)
He looks tired.他看起来很累。 (形容词作表语)
The answer is three.答案是三。 (数词作表语)
She is in the classroom.她在教室里。 (介词短语作表语)
His plan is to travel around the world.他的计划是环游世界。(不定式作表语)
My favorite sport is playing basketball.我最喜欢的运动是打篮球。(动名词作表语)
That is why he was late.那就是他迟到的原因。(句子作表语,即表语从句)
5.宾语补足语
宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的身份、性质、状态、动作或特征的成分,常跟在及物动词(如 make, let, have, get, keep, find, call, name, think, consider, elect 等)之后,与宾语一起构成复合宾语(宾语 + 宾补)。
可充当宾补的常见成分:形容词、名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词(现在分词 / 过去分词)、介词短语。
例句:
We must keep the room clean.我们必须保持房间干净。 (形容词作宾补)
They call him Tom.他们叫他汤姆。 (名词(短语)作宾补)
My mother asked me to clean the room.妈妈让我打扫房间。 (动词不定式(短语)作宾补)
I saw him playing basketball.我看见他正在打篮球。 (现在分词doing作宾补)
He found the door locked.他发现门是锁着的。 (过去分词作宾补)
I found him in the library.我发现他在图书馆。 (介词短语作宾补)
注意:使役动词 make, let, have 后接不定式作宾补时,省略 to。例句:I made him cry.我把他弄哭了。
6.定语
定语是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的成分,说明人或事物的性质、状态、数量、所属、特征、范围、时间、地点等。
位置:前置定语(放在名词前)、后置定语(放在名词后)
可充当定语的成分:形容词、名词(短语)、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词(现在分词 / 过去分词)、从句(定语从句)
例句:
She is a beautiful girl.她是一个漂亮的女孩。 (形容词作定语)
She bought a birthday cake.她买了一个生日蛋糕。 (名词作定语)
My book is on the desk.我的书在桌子上。 (形容词性物主代词作定语)
The first lesson is easy.第一课很简单。 (数词作定语)
The book on the desk is mine.桌子上的书是我的。 (介词短语作后置定语)
This is the best way to learn English.这是学英语最好的方法。(动词不定式作后置定语)
We need a sleeping bag.我们需要一个睡袋。 (动名词作定语)
The running man is my father.正在跑步的男人是我爸爸。 (现在分词作定语)
The broken window needs repairing.破了的窗户需要修理。 (过去分词作定语)
This is the book that I bought yesterday.这是我昨天买的书。 (定语从句作后置定语)
7.状语
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分,说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率等。
可充当状语的成分:副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、从句(状语从句)。
例句:
He runs fast. 他跑得快。(副词作方式状语)
She gets up early every morning. 她每天早上起得很早。(副词作时间状语)
I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车上学。(介词短语作方式状语)
We will have a meeting in the classroom. 我们将在教室里开会。(介词短语作地点状语)
He was late because of the heavy rain. 他因为大雨迟到了。(介词短语作原因状语)
She studies hard to get good grades. 她努力学习为了取得好成绩。(动词不定式作目的状语)
He is too young to go to school. 他太小了,还不能上学。(动词不定式作结果状语)
He sat there, reading a novel. 他坐在那里,读着一本小说。(现在分词作伴随状语)
Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 从山上看,这座城市很美。(过去分词作条件状语)
Tired and hungry, he went to bed early. 又累又饿,他很早就上床睡觉了。(形容词短语作原因状语)
I will call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。(状语从句作时间状语)
8.同位语
核心定义:放在名词或代词后面,对其进行解释、说明、补充的成分,和前面的名词 / 代词指同一个人 / 事物,语法地位相同(“同位”)。
例句:
My friend, Tom, is a doctor. 我的朋友汤姆是一名医生。(名词作同位语)
We all like English. 我们都喜欢英语。(代词作同位语)
Are you two ready? 你们俩准备好了吗?(数词作同位语)
The news that our team won is exciting. 我们队赢了的消息很令人兴奋。(同位语从句作同位语)
二、句子种类
英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 陈述句
陈述句用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等,句尾用句号,一般读降调。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。
陈述句的语序一般为 “主语部分 + 谓语部分”。
1. 陈述句的肯定形式
I will finish my report before the deadline.我会在截止日期前完成我的报告。
She reads at least one book every month.她每个月至少读一本书。
2. 陈述句的否定形式
(1) 如果句子的谓语含有 be 动词、助动词或情态动词等,其否定形式是在这些词之后加 not。
He is not interested in pop music but fond of classical music.
他对流行音乐不感兴趣,却很喜欢古典音乐。
They have not visited the new museum yet, though they’ve planned for a long time.
尽管计划了很久,他们还没去过那家新博物馆。
You must not tell lies to your parents, no matter what happens.
无论发生什么,你都不能对父母撒谎。
(2) 如果句子的谓语是实义动词,其否定形式是在实义动词前用 “助动词(do、does、did)+ not”。
We don’t watch TV on weekdays, but we do on weekends.我们工作日不看电视,但周末会看。
He doesn’t like spicy food, while his sister loves it.他不喜欢吃辣,而他妹妹却很喜欢。
They didn’t go hiking last Sunday because of the heavy rain.因为下大雨,他们上周日没去徒步。
(3) 其他表示否定意义的词,如 no、never、seldom、hardly 等也可构成否定形式。
I have never tried bungee jumping, but I’m eager to have a go!
我从没试过蹦极,但我特别想尝试一次!
She seldom stays up late, for she values her sleep very much.
她很少熬夜,因为她很重视睡眠。
He can hardly remember his childhood friends after so many years.
这么多年过去了,他几乎记不起儿时的朋友了。
2. 疑问句
1)一般疑问句
定义:用 Yes / No 回答的疑问句,用来询问 “是不是、有没有、能不能、会不会” 等。结构:把 be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 提到主语前。
Be (am/is/are/was/were) + 主语 + 其他?
例句:Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?
Is she reading a book now?她现在正在看书吗?
Were they at home last night?他们昨晚在家吗?
Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例句:Do you like playing basketball?你喜欢打篮球吗?
Does he get up early every morning?他每天早上起得早吗?
Did you watch TV last night?你昨晚看电视了吗?
Can/May/Must/Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例句:Can you swim?你会游泳吗?
May I use your pen?我可以用一下你的笔吗?
Have/Has/ Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
例句:Have you finished your homework?你做完作业了吗?
Has he ever been to Beijing?他去过北京吗?
Had they left when you arrived?你到的时候他们已经离开了吗?
2)特殊疑问句
结构:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序(be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 其他)
特点:不能用 Yes/No 回答,需给出具体信息
例句:What do you like?(你喜欢什么?)
Where did she go yesterday?(她昨天去哪里了?)
3)选择疑问句
选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案,供对方选择其一。
(1)选择疑问句的前半部分用升调,后半部分用降调。这种疑问句有两种形式:一种是以一般疑问句为基础,另一种是以特殊疑问句为基础。供选择的部分用 or 连接。
—Is your father a worker or an engineer? 你父亲是工人还是工程师? —He is an engineer. 他是一名工程师。
—Would you like coffee, tea or juice?你要咖啡、茶,还是果汁?
—Who is younger, Lily or Emma?谁更年轻,莉莉还是艾玛?
(2) 选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用 yes 或 no。
Do you prefer to study at home or in the library? 你更喜欢在家学习还是在图书馆学习?
—In the library. 在图书馆。
Can you play the piano or the guitar? 你会弹钢琴还是吉他?
—The guitar. 吉他。
4)反义疑问句
反意疑问句是在陈述句后面附加一个简短问句(又称附加问句),提出对前面陈述句所述事情的肯定或否定的意见,或者希望事实得到证实。反意疑问句遵循 “前肯后否,前否后肯” 原则,附加问句的主语和动词及时态均须与陈述部分一致,且主语用代词。
This book is yours, isn't it? 这本书是你的,不是吗?
Tom often plays basketball after school, doesn't he?汤姆放学后经常打篮球,不是吗?
Your brother hasn't finished his homework yet, has he?你弟弟还没完成作业,是吗?
They don't like to watch horror movies, do they?他们不喜欢看恐怖片,是吗?
Linda is not interested in painting, is she?琳达对画画不感兴趣,是吗?
注意:当陈述句中含有 never, few, little, no, nobody, nothing, hardly, seldom 等否定或半否定词时,附加疑问句要用肯定形式。
He has never been to Paris, has he?他从没去过巴黎,是吗?
Few people can solve this problem, can they?很少有人能解决这个问题,是吗?
3. 祈使句
表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。
①肯定形式
一般以动词原型开头:DO型、be 型、let 型
Open the door. 开门。
Be quiet in the library.图书馆里请保持安静。
Let’s go for a walk. 我们去散步吧。
Let him finish his homework first. 让他先完成作业。
②.否定形式
DO 型 /be 型否定:在句首动词前加 Don’t.
Don’t open the window. 别开窗。
Don’t be late for class. 上课别迟到。
Don’t make noise in the hospital. 医院里别吵闹。
let 型否定:在 let 前加 Don’t,或在动词原形前加 not.
Don’t let children play with fire. 别让孩子玩火。
Let’s not waste time. 我们别浪费时间了。
以No开始的禁止性祈使句。
•No entry.禁止人内。•No parking.禁止停车。 •No smoking.禁止吸烟。
③.常用句型:祈使句 + and/or + 简单句
Work hard, and you will achieve your dream.努力奋斗,你就能实现梦想。
Take a map with you, or you may get lost.带上地图,否则你可能会迷路。
4. 感叹句
感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子,一般用how或what引I导。how作状语,修饰形容词、副词或句子;what作定语,修饰名词(名词前可有形容词或冠词)。感叹句要用降调,句尾用感叹号。
1. what 引导的感叹句
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What a wonderful day we are having!今天真是美好的一天!
What an exciting movie it was!那是一部多么激动人心的电影!
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What clever children they are! 他们是多么聪明的孩子啊!
What delicious cakes you’ve made!你做的蛋糕真好吃!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What useful advice he gave us!他给我们的建议太有用了!
What terrible weather we’re having today!今天的天气真糟糕!
2. how 引导的感叹句
How + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
How lovely a girl she is!她是一个多么可爱的女孩啊!
How difficult a problem it turned out to be!这结果是一道多么难的题啊!
How + 形容词 / 副词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
How fast he runs!他跑得真快!
How happy they look in the photo!照片里的他们看起来多开心啊!
How + 主语 + 谓语!
How time flies!时光飞逝啊!
How she loves her family!她是多么爱她的家人啊!
三、简单句句型
①基本句型一:S +V(主+谓)
这种句型的动词是不及物动词(vi.),后面不需要跟宾语,意思就完整了。
The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
They arrived early.他们到得很早。
The baby is crying.宝宝正在哭。
②基本句型二:S +link-V +P(主+系+表)
系动词(linking verb)连接主语和表语,表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语等,用来描述主语的状态或特征。常见系动词:be, look, seem, become, get, feel, turn, stay 等。
She is a teacher.她是一名教师。
The cake tastes delicious.这蛋糕尝起来很美味。
He seems tired.他看起来很累。
③基本句型三:S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
1)这种句型的动词是及物动词(vt.),后面必须跟宾语,动作才能完整表达。
例句:We love our country.我们热爱我们的国家。
I read a book every night.我每晚都读一本书。
She speaks English fluently.她英语说得很流利。
2)有些动词本身是不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语),但加上特定的介词后,就相当于一个及物动词短语,可以带宾语。这种结构在日常英语里非常常见。
例句:We should listen to the teacher in class.我们上课应该听老师讲课。
We arrived in Beijing yesterday.我们昨天到达了北京。
He is looking for his lost keys.他正在找他丢失的钥匙。
④基本句型四:S +V +IO +DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
1)有些及物动词可以带两个宾语:间接宾语(IO,通常是人)和直接宾语(DO,通常是物)。
例句:He gave me a gift.他给了我一份礼物。(me 是间接宾语,a gift 是直接宾语)
She sent her friend a postcard.她给朋友寄了一张明信片。
My mother cooked us a meal.妈妈给我们做了一顿饭。
2)当及物动词带间接宾语(人)+ 直接宾语(物)时,通常可以把直接宾语提前,间接宾语后移,前面加 to 或 for,意思不变。
①.加 to 的情况(表示 “动作的方向 / 对象”):常见动词:give, send, pass, show, tell, teach, lend, write, hand, mail 等。
例句:He gave me a book.= He gave a book to me.他给了我一本书。
②.加 for 的情况(表示 “为某人做某事 / 替某人”):常见动词:buy, make, cook, get, find, order, save, choose 等。
例句:My mother bought me a new coat.=My mother bought a new coat for me.妈妈给我买了一件新外套。
⑤基本句型五:S +V +O +OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
宾语补足语(C)用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态,使句子意思完整。
例句:We elected him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
The news made her happy.这个消息让她很高兴。
I found the door locked.我发现门锁了。
⑥存现句:There be 句型
表示 “某地 / 某时存在某人 / 某物”,be 动词的形式由 后面紧跟的第一个名词(主语) 决定(遵循 “就近原则”)
例句:There is some milk in the glass.杯子里有一些牛奶。(milk 不可数 → is)
There are many students in the classroom.教室里有很多学生。(many students 复数 → are)
There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书。(紧跟的 a pen 单数 → is)
一、语法选择(单项选择)
1. (2025·广东·真题)After finishing college, she decided in a restaurant. 【考查宾语】
A.work B.working C.to work
2.(2024·广东·真题) a shopping mall near Peter’s home. 【there be句型】
A.There is B.It is C.They are
3.(2024·广东·真题) At weekends, he watches movies with his friends, or takes his little brother to the play center there. 【考查定语】
A.excite B.excitement C.exciting
4.(2025·广州·真题) I swam to a rock. I climbed onto it and ① my head to face the rising sun. ② a fire in me that burned for the deep blue. 【考查谓语和there be 句型】
①A.lift B.lifts C.lifted D.Lifting
②A.There was B.There were C.There is D.There are
5.(2025·广州·真题)I put on the rock and swam back in. 【考查宾语】
A.it B.its C.itself D.it’s
6.(2025·广州·真题)I jumped back and went deeper, with my eyes open.【考查状语】
A.quick B.quicker C.quickness D.quickly
7.(2025·广东·二模)Up on the plateau (高原), the thin air makes it for the boys to practice. But these difficulties all seem like nothing compared to their passion for the game.【考查宾语补足语】
A.difficultly B.difficult C.difficulty
8. (2025·广东·三模)“ challenging life is!” she often said. 【考查感叹句】
A.How B.What a C.What an
9.(2025·广州·模拟) ________ fine weather we have today!【考查感叹句】
A.How B.What a C.What D.How a
10.(2025·广东·一模)Duoguo, a boy, is one of the football players.【考查定语】
A.12 years old B.12 years-old C.12-year-old
11.(2025·吉林长春·三模)________ what you have learnt as much as you can, and you’ll be a good learner.【考查祈使句】
A.To practice B.Practicing C.Practiced D.Practice
12.—Jim, ________ read books while you are walking on the street. It’s very dangerous.【考查祈使句】
—OK, thank you.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.won’t D.can’t
13.(2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?【考查选择疑问句】
— _____
A.Sure, I would. B.Yes, please. C.Yes, both. D.Neither, thank you.
14.(2025·西藏日喀则·一模)Mum, my father goes for a walk after supper every day, ________?【考查反义疑问句】
A.is he B.isn’t he C.does he D.doesn’t he
15.________ do you go to your school library?【考查特殊疑问句】
—We borrow books twice a month. You can find different kinds of books there.
A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far
二、完成句子
1.(2025·广东广州·中考真题)令我欣喜的是,他们很快就完成了。他们真聪明!
To my joy, they finished it in a short time. they are!
2. (2025·广东广州·中考真题)目前,许多老人使用智能手机有困难,需要被给予更多支持。
Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should more support.
3 .(2024·广东广州·中考真题)这是一次多么有意义的经历啊!
experience it is!
4. (2025·广东广州·二模)现场将会有超过20个社团。
over 20 clubs in the fair.
5.(2025·广东广州·二模)真是激动人心的项目!我们可以让世界变得不同。
project it is! We can make a to the world.
6. 用你的笑容去改变世界,别让世界改变了你的笑容。
Use your smile to change the world. the world change your smile.
7.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Tom is reading Journey to the West now.(改为一般疑问句)
Tom Journey to the West now?
8.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)My mom will come back home in an hour. (对画线部分提问)
will your mom come back home?
9.(2025·贵州·中考真题)让我们管理好体重,保持健康!
Let’s manage our weight healthy!
10.(2025·重庆·中考真题)Gina is talking to her friend on the phone.(改为否定句)
Gina to her friend on the phone.
三、语法填空
1.(2024·深圳·真题)The food there was so (taste) that she asked her parents to take her there more often. 【考查表语】
2.(2024·深圳·真题)For her, this was a great chance (discover) more about Chinese food. 【考查后置定语】
3.(2024·深圳·真题)Fifa said that she was (real) amazed at how food could hold so much meaning. 【考查状语】
4.(2025·深圳·模拟)Since it started, the company (create) many new products that make our lives easier. 【考查谓语】
5.(2025·深圳·模拟)In fact, companies like DeepSeek can (call) leaders in the tech world nowadays. 【考查谓语】
6.(2025·深圳·模拟)The (succeed) of Ne Zha 2 shows that traditional Chinese stories still matter today.【考查主语】
7.(2025·深圳·模拟) But later, Ao Bing sacrifices (牺牲) (he) to protect Chentang Pass. 【考查宾语】
8.(2025·深圳·模拟)The teacher often encourages us ________ (work) hard to achieve our dreams.
一、单项选择
1. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语
2. People won’t work in big offices in 20 years.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.状语
3. We should care for the old people.
A.宾语 B.补语 C.定语 D.状语
4. There will be more jobs about IT and AI in the future.
A.主语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语
5. Grandpa bought me a new dictionary.
A.间接宾语 B.谓语 C.直接宾语 D.表语
6. She picks up rubbish in the park.
A.谓语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.表语
7. She is more serious than any other teacher.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾补
8. Reading can make us happy.
A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.宾补
9. The ancient tree in the courtyard is over 500 years old.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.定语
10. The gift which my mom sent to me has made me excited.
A.宾语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语
11. You can understand people by knowing the friends.
A.宾补 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.状语
12. I think the sound from the forest sounds like a piece of music.
A.宾语 B.主语 C.表语 D.谓语
13. Have you read Tom Sawyer yet?
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.状语
14. I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语
15. Mary asked me to help her yesterday.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
16. The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
17. What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”?
A.S+V+P B.S+V C.S+V+O D.S+V+O+OC
18. The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________.
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO
C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
19. Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
20. (2025·甘肃张掖·一模)What is the sentence pattern of “The news makes me happy”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
21. (2025·山东淄博·一模)—Is there going to ________ a basketball match this afternoon?
—Yes. It’s at four, between Class Five and Class Six.
A.take B.make C.be D.have
22. When I passed the classroom, I saw some students ________ English songs together.
A.sing B.singing C.sang D.to sing
23. My Chinese teacher’s jokes ________ me as much as my history teacher’s.
A.aren’t interested in B.are interesting
C.isn’t interested D.don’t interest
24. There________ some small restaurants and shops near our primary school.
A.used to be B.used to have C.was used to be D.was used to having
25.(2025·云南昭通·模拟预测)________ wonderful news! China’s space station, Tiangong, is open for international cooperation.
A.How B.What C.What a D.What an
26.(2025·江苏南京·三模)—________ lovely snowman! You are a born artist, Simon.
—Thanks. I love playing with snow.
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
27.(2025·广东汕头·二模)Don’t depend too much on your parents, ________ you can’t learn to do things alone.
A.and B.or C.so D.but
28.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)________ beautiful the poem Mom Knows Best is! I want to read it to my mom.
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
29.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—Mike, ________ such a loud noise in the room. Your sister is sleeping.
—OK, Dad. I won’t do that again.
A.making B.to make C.don’t make D.make
30.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)Ben, ________ off the tap while brushing your teeth.
A.turn B.turns C.turning D.turned
二、语法选择
On October 1st 2025, Jane Goodall, the world-famous primatologist (灵长类动物学家), passed away from natural causes peacefully. 1 a very young age, she loved animals and spent hours 2 books about animals in Africa. Her dream was 3 with animals in Africa and write about them. Many people told her it was not a good job for a girl, but Jane was 4 to follow her dream.
When she was 23 years old, Jane traveled to Kenya, Africa. She met a famous scientist 5 Dr. Louis Leakey. Later, he asked Jane 6 to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania to study chimpanzees though she just had her passion and a notebook.
Jane’s 7 month in Gombe was very difficult. The chimpanzees were afraid of her and ran away when she came near. So Jane watched them from a distance and slowly 8 their trust.
One day, she saw 9 . She watched David Greybeard take a small branch, strip 10 leaves off, and use it to get termites (白蚁). 11 this moment, scientists believed that only humans could make and use tools. Jane’s discovery showed that chimps are much 12 than people thought.
For over 60 years, Jane had traveled all over the world to teach people about chimpanzees and about 13 to protect our planet. She started the “Roots & Shoots” program to teach young people to care 14 the environment and animals.
Jane Goodall was a true hero for animals and for our world. She followed her heart and proved that passion and hard work 15 lead to amazing discoveries.
1.A.In B.From C.On D.For
2.A.read B.to read C.reading D.reads
3.A.live B.lives C.living D.to live
4.A.determine B.determined C.determining D.determination
5.A.name B.named C.naming D.to name
6.A.go B.going C.to go D.went
7.A.one B.the one C.first D.the first
8.A.gain B.gained C.gaining D.was gained
9.A.amazing something B.something amazing
C.amazed something D.something amazed
10.A.it B.its C.it’s D.itself
11.A.Before B.After C.During D.When
12.A.intelligent B.intelligently C.more intelligent D.more intelligently
13.A.what B.how C.why D.when
14.A.of B.with C.for D.after
15.A.can B.must C.should D.need
三、短文填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。
Root carving (根雕) is a special traditional art form in China with a long history. It uses natural tree roots 1 (create) beautiful artworks. The art mixes natural beauty and human creativity. It is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.
In 1982, an ancient root carving of a mythical (神话的) animal 2 (find) in Hubei Province. It showed the long history of this art. Liaoning is also famous for root carvings. The best root carvings mainly come 3 Fushun and Benxi. Many people still enjoy this special art today.
Creating root carving works 4 (include) four steps: choosing the right root, designing based on its shape, carving, and finally coloring. Artists follow 5 important rule: 30% human work and 70% nature. The rule means that they must respect the root’s natural form while adding 6 (they) artistic creation.
There are different 7 (kind) of root carvings. Some are practical, like chairs and desks. Some are decorative (装饰性的), like animal or flower shapes.
Root carving is not only an art form, 8 also a symbol of Chinese wisdom in balancing nature and creativity. Today, people are becoming even 9 (interested) in this wonderful art than before. It is 10 (real) important to keep this tradition alive. We should try to learn more about it and pass on this special culture to future generations (代).
四、选词填空
money however less phone the fair disappear but call from use more
We’ve been using banknotes (纸币) for around 1,000 years. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Chinese people made the world’s earliest paper money to replace metal coins. These banknotes were 1 “Jiaozi”.
Paper 2 is cheaper to make and easier to carry. These advantages made it more popular than other forms of money. But now, in the digital (数码) age, paper money seems to be disappearing for 3 same reason.
China seems to be heading towards becoming a cashless society. 4 supermarkets to street stores, people pay by 5 WeChat Wallet and Alipay on their mobile phones. Sweden (瑞典) is even closer to a future without paper money. Many Swedish banks no longer have cash on hand. 6 there are worries about creating cashless societies. Some say it is 7 to the poor and people without much education. It’s not easy for them to open bank accounts (账户) or deal with mobile 8 . And if all of your money is “digital”, it may not be safe enough. Will paper money 9 in the future? Although paper money is used 10 than electronic payment (电子支付) in some countries, it won’t disappear at once in most parts of the world.
五、完成句子
1.(2025·贵州·中考真题)第三,别忘了阅读食品包装上的营养信息。这样我们能很好地选择食物。
Third, to read the nutritional information on food packaging. Then we can make good food choices.
2.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)终身学习真是太重要了!
lifelong learning is!
3.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)红灯时请不要横穿马路。
the road when the traffic lights are red.
4.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)I think the computer can still work.(改为否定句)
I think the computer still work.
5.(2025·广东广州·一模) 为了帮助这些老人,我们班上周组织了一次志愿者活动。
these old people, our class held a volunteer activity last week.
6.(2025·广东广州·三模)这次任务真是中国载人航天工程的一次巨大进步啊!
this mission makes in China’s manned space program!
7.(2025·广东广州·三模)广州以名胜古迹而闻名。
Guangzhou its ancient places of interest.
8.(2025·广东广州·一模)去年,我们全家参加了社区的“家庭悦读”的活动。
Last year, our family the “Family Reading” activity in the community.
9. ( 2025・广东广州・二模)下周我们学校将有两场篮球比赛。
There ________ ________ ________ two basketball matches in our school next week.
10. (2025·广东广州·二模)为了这场比赛,很多跑步者准备了很长时间。
Many runners this race for a long time.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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专题11 句子成分、句子种类和简单句
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
一、句子成分 3
二、句子种类 8
1. 陈述句 8
2. 疑问句 9
1)一般疑问句 9
2)特殊疑问句 10
3)选择疑问句 10
4)反义疑问句 10
3. 祈使句 11
4. 感叹句 12
三、简单句句型 13
①基本句型一:S +V(主+谓) 13
②基本句型二:S +link-V +P(主+系+表) 13
③基本句型三:S +V +O(主+谓+宾) 14
④基本句型四:S +V +IO +DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 14
⑤基本句型五:S +V +O +OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 14
⑥存现句:There be 句型 15
04 优题精选·练能提分 22
课标要求
复习目标
句子成分
· 能识别句子的主要成分(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语)
· 理解各成分在句子中的功能和位置
1.系统复习句子成分和基本句型。
2.熟练区分句子的功能类型(陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹)与结构类型(简单、并列、复合),掌握特殊句式的用法与转换逻辑。
3.能运用成分分析、句型定位等方法,快速解决语法填空、单项选择等题型,并辅助理解阅读中的长难句,提升答题准确率。
迁移应用
4.在写作中灵活运用多样句型,避免结构混乱与错误,实现从语法知识到语言输出的有效迁移,提升综合语言运用能力。
·
句子种类
· 掌握按用途划分的 4 类句子:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
基本句型
· 掌握 5 大基本句型:S+V;S+V+P;S+V+O;S+V+IO+DO;S+V+O+C和there be句型
命题预测
句子成分、句子种类与基本句型作为中考语法的核心内容,在语法选择、语法填空、完成句子、选词填空、书面表达等题型中均有考查。其中,感叹句、祈使句、there be 句型以及各类疑问句是高频考查点,命题灵活、覆盖面广,是复习与备考的重点。
解题锦囊
解题锦囊1:成分拆解法
遇到长难句时,先定位主语和谓语,划出句子主干,再逐一分析定语、状语、补语等修饰成分,快速理清句子逻辑。
解题锦囊2:句型定位法
通过谓语动词的数量和类型,判断句子属于哪种基本句型,再结合语境补全成分或修正错误,尤其适用于语法填空和完成句子题。
解题锦囊3:句式还原法
遇到倒装、强调、省略等特殊句式时,先将其还原为正常语序,再分析成分和结构,降低理解难度。
解题锦囊4:对比排除法
在选择题中,对比选项间的语法差异(如引导词、时态、非谓语形式),结合句子成分和语境排除错误选项,锁定正确答案。
一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语和同位语。
主要句子成分:主语(subject)---s 谓语(predicate)---v 宾语(object)---o
补语(complement)-c 表语(predicative)---p
次要句子成分:定语(attribute)---attr. 状语(adverbial)---adv. 同位语(appositive)等。
八大句子成分具体用法如下:
1.主语
主语由具有名词性的词、短语、句子充当,具体有:名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、代词、数词、介词短语和句子。
①. 名词(短语)
例句:The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。
例句:My parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
拓展:形容词 / 分词本身不具有名词性,不能做主语,但 “the + 形容词 / 分词” 可将形容词和分词名词化,表示一类人 / 物,可做主语。
例句:The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老人。
例句:The injured were sent to the hospital at once. 伤者立刻被送往了医院。
②. 动词不定式(短语)
例句:To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。
例句:It is necessary to finish the task today. 今天完成这项任务很有必要。
③. 动名词(短语)
例句:Swimming is my favorite sport. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
例句:Reading books can broaden our horizons. 读书能开阔我们的眼界。
④. 代词
例句:She is a teacher. 她是一名老师。
例句:This is my new bike. 这是我的新自行车。
⑤. 数词
例句:Three plus five equals eight. 三加五等于八。
例句:Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。
⑥. 句子(主语从句)
例句:What he said is true. 他说的是真的。
例句:That the earth goes around the sun is a fact. // 地球绕着太阳转是一个事实。
2.谓语
谓语表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词,有人称、数、时态的变化。
谓语大体上可以分为两类:简单谓语和复合谓语。
1. 简单谓语
凡是由一个动词或短语动词作谓语的都是简单谓语。
例句:She sings songs in the shower.她洗澡时会唱歌。
例句:They arrived at the station on time. 他们准时到达了车站。
2. 复合谓语
常见的复合谓语有两种:
①由 “情态动词/助动词 + 实义动词” 构成;
例句:We should help others.我们应该帮助别人。
例句:They are playing football.他们正在踢足球。
例句:I have finished my work.我已经完成工作了。
②由 “连系动词 + 表语”构成。
例句:She is a teacher.她是一名老师。
例句:The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
3.宾语
宾语是句子中动作的承受者或介词的对象,一般跟在及物动词或介词后面,回答 “动作做给谁 / 做什么”“介词指向谁 / 什么”。
宾语由具有名词性的词、短语、句子充当,通常有:名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、代词、数词和句子。
例句:
She bought a new book yesterday.她昨天买了一本新书。(名词短语作宾语)
I saw him in the park.我在公园看见他了。(代词作宾语)
She decided to study abroad.她决定出国留学。(不定式作宾语)
He finished doing his homework.他做完作业了。(动名词作宾语)
I think (that) you are right.我认为你是对的。(句子作宾语;即宾语从句)
4.表语
表语与前面的连系动词一起构成复合谓语,用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。
可充当表语的常见成分:名词(短语)、代词、形容词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句(表语从句)。
例句:
He is a teacher.他是一名老师。 (名词作表语)
That’s mine.那是我的。 (代词作表语)
He looks tired.他看起来很累。 (形容词作表语)
The answer is three.答案是三。 (数词作表语)
She is in the classroom.她在教室里。 (介词短语作表语)
His plan is to travel around the world.他的计划是环游世界。(不定式作表语)
My favorite sport is playing basketball.我最喜欢的运动是打篮球。(动名词作表语)
That is why he was late.那就是他迟到的原因。(句子作表语,即表语从句)
5.宾语补足语
宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的身份、性质、状态、动作或特征的成分,常跟在及物动词(如 make, let, have, get, keep, find, call, name, think, consider, elect 等)之后,与宾语一起构成复合宾语(宾语 + 宾补)。
可充当宾补的常见成分:形容词、名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词(现在分词 / 过去分词)、介词短语。
例句:
We must keep the room clean.我们必须保持房间干净。 (形容词作宾补)
They call him Tom.他们叫他汤姆。 (名词(短语)作宾补)
My mother asked me to clean the room.妈妈让我打扫房间。 (动词不定式(短语)作宾补)
I saw him playing basketball.我看见他正在打篮球。 (现在分词doing作宾补)
He found the door locked.他发现门是锁着的。 (过去分词作宾补)
I found him in the library.我发现他在图书馆。 (介词短语作宾补)
注意:使役动词 make, let, have 后接不定式作宾补时,省略 to。例句:I made him cry.我把他弄哭了。
6.定语
定语是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的成分,说明人或事物的性质、状态、数量、所属、特征、范围、时间、地点等。
位置:前置定语(放在名词前)、后置定语(放在名词后)
可充当定语的成分:形容词、名词(短语)、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词(现在分词 / 过去分词)、从句(定语从句)
例句:
She is a beautiful girl.她是一个漂亮的女孩。 (形容词作定语)
She bought a birthday cake.她买了一个生日蛋糕。 (名词作定语)
My book is on the desk.我的书在桌子上。 (形容词性物主代词作定语)
The first lesson is easy.第一课很简单。 (数词作定语)
The book on the desk is mine.桌子上的书是我的。 (介词短语作后置定语)
This is the best way to learn English.这是学英语最好的方法。(动词不定式作后置定语)
We need a sleeping bag.我们需要一个睡袋。 (动名词作定语)
The running man is my father.正在跑步的男人是我爸爸。 (现在分词作定语)
The broken window needs repairing.破了的窗户需要修理。 (过去分词作定语)
This is the book that I bought yesterday.这是我昨天买的书。 (定语从句作后置定语)
7.状语
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分,说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率等。
可充当状语的成分:副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、从句(状语从句)。
例句:
He runs fast. 他跑得快。(副词作方式状语)
She gets up early every morning. 她每天早上起得很早。(副词作时间状语)
I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车上学。(介词短语作方式状语)
We will have a meeting in the classroom. 我们将在教室里开会。(介词短语作地点状语)
He was late because of the heavy rain. 他因为大雨迟到了。(介词短语作原因状语)
She studies hard to get good grades. 她努力学习为了取得好成绩。(动词不定式作目的状语)
He is too young to go to school. 他太小了,还不能上学。(动词不定式作结果状语)
He sat there, reading a novel. 他坐在那里,读着一本小说。(现在分词作伴随状语)
Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 从山上看,这座城市很美。(过去分词作条件状语)
Tired and hungry, he went to bed early. 又累又饿,他很早就上床睡觉了。(形容词短语作原因状语)
I will call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。(状语从句作时间状语)
8.同位语
核心定义:放在名词或代词后面,对其进行解释、说明、补充的成分,和前面的名词 / 代词指同一个人 / 事物,语法地位相同(“同位”)。
例句:
My friend, Tom, is a doctor. 我的朋友汤姆是一名医生。(名词作同位语)
We all like English. 我们都喜欢英语。(代词作同位语)
Are you two ready? 你们俩准备好了吗?(数词作同位语)
The news that our team won is exciting. 我们队赢了的消息很令人兴奋。(同位语从句作同位语)
二、句子种类
英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 陈述句
陈述句用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等,句尾用句号,一般读降调。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。
陈述句的语序一般为 “主语部分 + 谓语部分”。
1. 陈述句的肯定形式
I will finish my report before the deadline.我会在截止日期前完成我的报告。
She reads at least one book every month.她每个月至少读一本书。
2. 陈述句的否定形式
(1) 如果句子的谓语含有 be 动词、助动词或情态动词等,其否定形式是在这些词之后加 not。
He is not interested in pop music but fond of classical music.
他对流行音乐不感兴趣,却很喜欢古典音乐。
They have not visited the new museum yet, though they’ve planned for a long time.
尽管计划了很久,他们还没去过那家新博物馆。
You must not tell lies to your parents, no matter what happens.
无论发生什么,你都不能对父母撒谎。
(2) 如果句子的谓语是实义动词,其否定形式是在实义动词前用 “助动词(do、does、did)+ not”。
We don’t watch TV on weekdays, but we do on weekends.我们工作日不看电视,但周末会看。
He doesn’t like spicy food, while his sister loves it.他不喜欢吃辣,而他妹妹却很喜欢。
They didn’t go hiking last Sunday because of the heavy rain.因为下大雨,他们上周日没去徒步。
(3) 其他表示否定意义的词,如 no、never、seldom、hardly 等也可构成否定形式。
I have never tried bungee jumping, but I’m eager to have a go!
我从没试过蹦极,但我特别想尝试一次!
She seldom stays up late, for she values her sleep very much.
她很少熬夜,因为她很重视睡眠。
He can hardly remember his childhood friends after so many years.
这么多年过去了,他几乎记不起儿时的朋友了。
2. 疑问句
1)一般疑问句
定义:用 Yes / No 回答的疑问句,用来询问 “是不是、有没有、能不能、会不会” 等。结构:把 be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 提到主语前。
Be (am/is/are/was/were) + 主语 + 其他?
例句:Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?
Is she reading a book now?她现在正在看书吗?
Were they at home last night?他们昨晚在家吗?
Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例句:Do you like playing basketball?你喜欢打篮球吗?
Does he get up early every morning?他每天早上起得早吗?
Did you watch TV last night?你昨晚看电视了吗?
Can/May/Must/Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例句:Can you swim?你会游泳吗?
May I use your pen?我可以用一下你的笔吗?
Have/Has/ Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
例句:Have you finished your homework?你做完作业了吗?
Has he ever been to Beijing?他去过北京吗?
Had they left when you arrived?你到的时候他们已经离开了吗?
2)特殊疑问句
结构:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序(be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 其他)
特点:不能用 Yes/No 回答,需给出具体信息
例句:What do you like?(你喜欢什么?)
Where did she go yesterday?(她昨天去哪里了?)
3)选择疑问句
选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案,供对方选择其一。
(1)选择疑问句的前半部分用升调,后半部分用降调。这种疑问句有两种形式:一种是以一般疑问句为基础,另一种是以特殊疑问句为基础。供选择的部分用 or 连接。
—Is your father a worker or an engineer? 你父亲是工人还是工程师? —He is an engineer. 他是一名工程师。
—Would you like coffee, tea or juice?你要咖啡、茶,还是果汁?
—Who is younger, Lily or Emma?谁更年轻,莉莉还是艾玛?
(2) 选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用 yes 或 no。
Do you prefer to study at home or in the library? 你更喜欢在家学习还是在图书馆学习?
—In the library. 在图书馆。
Can you play the piano or the guitar? 你会弹钢琴还是吉他?
—The guitar. 吉他。
4)反义疑问句
反意疑问句是在陈述句后面附加一个简短问句(又称附加问句),提出对前面陈述句所述事情的肯定或否定的意见,或者希望事实得到证实。反意疑问句遵循 “前肯后否,前否后肯” 原则,附加问句的主语和动词及时态均须与陈述部分一致,且主语用代词。
This book is yours, isn't it? 这本书是你的,不是吗?
Tom often plays basketball after school, doesn't he?汤姆放学后经常打篮球,不是吗?
Your brother hasn't finished his homework yet, has he?你弟弟还没完成作业,是吗?
They don't like to watch horror movies, do they?他们不喜欢看恐怖片,是吗?
Linda is not interested in painting, is she?琳达对画画不感兴趣,是吗?
注意:当陈述句中含有 never, few, little, no, nobody, nothing, hardly, seldom 等否定或半否定词时,附加疑问句要用肯定形式。
He has never been to Paris, has he?他从没去过巴黎,是吗?
Few people can solve this problem, can they?很少有人能解决这个问题,是吗?
3. 祈使句
表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。
①肯定形式
一般以动词原型开头:DO型、be 型、let 型
Open the door. 开门。
Be quiet in the library.图书馆里请保持安静。
Let’s go for a walk. 我们去散步吧。
Let him finish his homework first. 让他先完成作业。
②.否定形式
DO 型 /be 型否定:在句首动词前加 Don’t.
Don’t open the window. 别开窗。
Don’t be late for class. 上课别迟到。
Don’t make noise in the hospital. 医院里别吵闹。
let 型否定:在 let 前加 Don’t,或在动词原形前加 not.
Don’t let children play with fire. 别让孩子玩火。
Let’s not waste time. 我们别浪费时间了。
以No开始的禁止性祈使句。
•No entry.禁止人内。•No parking.禁止停车。 •No smoking.禁止吸烟。
③.常用句型:祈使句 + and/or + 简单句
Work hard, and you will achieve your dream.努力奋斗,你就能实现梦想。
Take a map with you, or you may get lost.带上地图,否则你可能会迷路。
4. 感叹句
感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子,一般用how或what引I导。how作状语,修饰形容词、副词或句子;what作定语,修饰名词(名词前可有形容词或冠词)。感叹句要用降调,句尾用感叹号。
1. what 引导的感叹句
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What a wonderful day we are having!今天真是美好的一天!
What an exciting movie it was!那是一部多么激动人心的电影!
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What clever children they are! 他们是多么聪明的孩子啊!
What delicious cakes you’ve made!你做的蛋糕真好吃!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What useful advice he gave us!他给我们的建议太有用了!
What terrible weather we’re having today!今天的天气真糟糕!
2. how 引导的感叹句
How + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
How lovely a girl she is!她是一个多么可爱的女孩啊!
How difficult a problem it turned out to be!这结果是一道多么难的题啊!
How + 形容词 / 副词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
How fast he runs!他跑得真快!
How happy they look in the photo!照片里的他们看起来多开心啊!
How + 主语 + 谓语!
How time flies!时光飞逝啊!
How she loves her family!她是多么爱她的家人啊!
三、简单句句型
①基本句型一:S +V(主+谓)
这种句型的动词是不及物动词(vi.),后面不需要跟宾语,意思就完整了。
The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
They arrived early.他们到得很早。
The baby is crying.宝宝正在哭。
②基本句型二:S +link-V +P(主+系+表)
系动词(linking verb)连接主语和表语,表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语等,用来描述主语的状态或特征。常见系动词:be, look, seem, become, get, feel, turn, stay 等。
She is a teacher.她是一名教师。
The cake tastes delicious.这蛋糕尝起来很美味。
He seems tired.他看起来很累。
③基本句型三:S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
1)这种句型的动词是及物动词(vt.),后面必须跟宾语,动作才能完整表达。
例句:We love our country.我们热爱我们的国家。
I read a book every night.我每晚都读一本书。
She speaks English fluently.她英语说得很流利。
2)有些动词本身是不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语),但加上特定的介词后,就相当于一个及物动词短语,可以带宾语。这种结构在日常英语里非常常见。
例句:We should listen to the teacher in class.我们上课应该听老师讲课。
We arrived in Beijing yesterday.我们昨天到达了北京。
He is looking for his lost keys.他正在找他丢失的钥匙。
④基本句型四:S +V +IO +DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
1)有些及物动词可以带两个宾语:间接宾语(IO,通常是人)和直接宾语(DO,通常是物)。
例句:He gave me a gift.他给了我一份礼物。(me 是间接宾语,a gift 是直接宾语)
She sent her friend a postcard.她给朋友寄了一张明信片。
My mother cooked us a meal.妈妈给我们做了一顿饭。
2)当及物动词带间接宾语(人)+ 直接宾语(物)时,通常可以把直接宾语提前,间接宾语后移,前面加 to 或 for,意思不变。
①.加 to 的情况(表示 “动作的方向 / 对象”):常见动词:give, send, pass, show, tell, teach, lend, write, hand, mail 等。
例句:He gave me a book.= He gave a book to me.他给了我一本书。
②.加 for 的情况(表示 “为某人做某事 / 替某人”):常见动词:buy, make, cook, get, find, order, save, choose 等。
例句:My mother bought me a new coat.=My mother bought a new coat for me.妈妈给我买了一件新外套。
⑤基本句型五:S +V +O +OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
宾语补足语(C)用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态,使句子意思完整。
例句:We elected him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
The news made her happy.这个消息让她很高兴。
I found the door locked.我发现门锁了。
⑥存现句:There be 句型
表示 “某地 / 某时存在某人 / 某物”,be 动词的形式由 后面紧跟的第一个名词(主语) 决定(遵循 “就近原则”)
例句:There is some milk in the glass.杯子里有一些牛奶。(milk 不可数 → is)
There are many students in the classroom.教室里有很多学生。(many students 复数 → are)
There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书。(紧跟的 a pen 单数 → is)
一、语法选择(单项选择)
1. (2025·广东·真题)After finishing college, she decided in a restaurant. 【考查宾语】
A.work B.working C.to work
【答案】C
【解析】句意:大学毕业后,她决定在一家餐馆工作。
work工作,动词原形;working工作,动名词或现在分词;to work工作,动词不定式。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用动词不定式作宾语。故选C。
2.(2024·广东·真题) a shopping mall near Peter’s home. 【there be句型】
A.There is B.It is C.They are
【答案】A
【解析】句意:彼得家附近有一家购物中心。
There is有,It is它是;They are他们是。根据“...a shopping mall near Peter’s home.”可知,附近有一家购物中心。故选A。
3.(2024·广东·真题) At weekends, he watches movies with his friends, or takes his little brother to the play center there. 【考查定语】
A.excite B.excitement C.exciting
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在周末,他和他的朋友们一起看激动人心的电影,或者带他的小弟弟去那里的游戏中心。
excite动词;excitement名词;exciting形容词。此处作定语修饰movies,用形容词形式,故选C。
4.(2025·广州·真题) I swam to a rock. I climbed onto it and ① my head to face the rising sun. ② a fire in me that burned for the deep blue. 【考查谓语和there be 句型】
①A.lift B.lifts C.lifted D.Lifting
②A.There was B.There were C.There is D.There are
①【答案】C
【解析】句意:我爬到上面,抬起头面对升起的太阳。
lift举起,动词原形;lifts第三人称单数形式;lifted过去式;lifting现在分词。根据“I climbed onto it and...my head to face the rising sun.”可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,and连接并列的谓语动词,所以空处用lift的过去式lifted。故选C。
②【答案】A
【解析】句意:我心中有一团为深蓝色而燃烧的火焰。
There was有,一般过去时,后接单数名词或不可数名词;There were有,一般过去时,后接复数名词;There is有,一般现在时,后接单数名词或不可数名词;There are有,一般现在时,后接复数名词。根据“a fire in me”可知,此处用there be句型的一般过去时,且fire为单数名词,所以空处用There was。故选A。
5.(2025·广州·真题)I put on the rock and swam back in. 【考查宾语】
A.it B.its C.itself D.it’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我把它放在岩石上,然后游回水里。
it它,人称代词主格或宾格;its它的,形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词;itself它自己,反身代词;it’s它是,it is的缩写。根据“I took it and swam to the surface.”以及“I put...on the rock”可知,此处指把贝壳放在岩石上,用it指代上文的shell,作put的宾语。故选A。
6.(2025·广州·真题)I jumped back and went deeper, with my eyes open.【考查状语】
A.quick B.quicker C.quickness D.quickly
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我跳回去,迅速游向更深的地方,眼睛睁着。
quick快的,形容词;quicker更快的,形容词比较级;quickness迅速,名词;quickly迅速地,副词。根据“went deeper”可知,此处用副词修饰动词,所以空处用quickly。故选D。
7.(2025·广东·二模)Up on the plateau (高原), the thin air makes it for the boys to practice. But these difficulties all seem like nothing compared to their passion for the game.【考查宾语补足语】
A.difficultly B.difficult C.difficulty
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在高原上,稀薄的空气使得男孩们练习起来很困难。
difficultly困难地,副词;difficult困难的,形容词;difficulty困难,名词。此处是“make it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”结构,意为“使某人做某事……”,应用形容词difficult作宾语补足语,故选B。
8. (2025·广东·三模)“ challenging life is!” she often said. 【考查感叹句】
A.How B.What a C.What an
【答案】A
【解析句意:多么有挑战的生活啊!
How怎样;What a好一个;What an好一个。根据“challenging life is”可知,感叹句的中心词为形容词challenging,用how引导。故选A。
9.(2025·广州·模拟) ________ fine weather we have today!【考查感叹句】
A.How B.What a C.What D.How a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:今天天气真好啊!
考查感叹句。分析句式结构可知,主语为“we”,谓语为“have”,感叹对象为“weather”,其为不可数名词,不可与a/an连用。应用感叹句结构“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语”,完整句“What fine weather we have today!”符合语法规则。故选C。
10.(2025·广东·一模)Duoguo, a boy, is one of the football players.【考查定语】
A.12 years old B.12 years-old C.12-year-old
【答案】C
【详解】句意:多果,一个12岁的男孩,是足球队员之一。
12 years old表示“12岁”,作表语;12-year-old是复合形容词,意为“12岁的”,作定语修饰名词;没有12 years-old这种表达。根据“Duoguo, a … boy”可知,这里修饰名词boy,应用12-year-old,故选C。
11.(2025·吉林长春·三模)________ what you have learnt as much as you can, and you’ll be a good learner.【考查祈使句】
A.To practice B.Practicing C.Practiced D.Practice
【答案】D
【详解】句意:尽可能多地练习你所学的东西,你将会成为一个好的学习者。
考查祈使句。根据“...what you have learnt as much as you can, and you’ll be a good learner.”可知,此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构,祈使句以动词原形开头,所以此处应用动词原形practice。故选D。
12.—Jim, ________ read books while you are walking on the street. It’s very dangerous.【考查祈使句】
—OK, thank you.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.won’t D.can’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——吉姆,在街上走路的时候不要看书。这很危险。——好的,谢谢你。
考查祈使句的否定形式。根据题干可知,叫吉姆在街上走路时不要看书,是对吉姆提出的警告,属于祈使句,通常以动词原形开头,其否定形式是在句首加“don’t”。故选A。
13.(2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?【考查选择疑问句】
— _____
A.Sure, I would. B.Yes, please. C.Yes, both. D.Neither, thank you.
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你想喝什么,茶还是咖啡?——都不要,谢谢。
考查情景交际。Sure, I would.当然,我会;Yes, please.是的,请;Yes, both.是的,都要;Neither, thank you.都不要,谢谢。根据“Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?”可知,句子是选择疑问句,不能用yes/no回答,要作出具体的回答,故选D。
14.(2025·西藏日喀则·一模)Mum, my father goes for a walk after supper every day, ________?【考查反义疑问句】
A.is he B.isn’t he C.does he D.doesn’t he
【答案】D
【详解】句意:妈妈,爸爸每天晚饭后都去散步,是吗?
考查反意疑问句。根据“my father goes for a walk”可知,主语时态是一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,实义动词 “goes”作谓语,反意疑问句需用助动词 “does”;前半句为肯定句,反意疑问部分用否定形式 “doesn’t”,主语“my father”用代词 “he” 指代,故选D。
15.________ do you go to your school library?【考查特殊疑问句】
—We borrow books twice a month. You can find different kinds of books there.
A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你们多久去一次学校图书馆?——我们一个月借两次书。你可以在那里找到各种各样的书。
考查特殊疑问词辨析。How soon多久之后;How often多久一次;How long多长时间;How far多远。根据答语“We borrow books twice a month.”可知,此处是在对去图书馆的频率进行提问,所以应该用How often。故选B。
二、完成句子
1.(2025·广东广州·中考真题)令我欣喜的是,他们很快就完成了。他们真聪明!
To my joy, they finished it in a short time. they are!
【答案】 How smart/clever/intelligent
【详解】此处作be动词的表语用形容词smart/clever/intelligent“聪明的”,句子是感叹句,中心词是形容词,故用感叹句结构:How adj.+主谓。故填How;smart/clever/intelligent。
2. (2025·广东广州·中考真题)目前,许多老人使用智能手机有困难,需要被给予更多支持。
Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should more support.
【答案】 be given
【详解】根据中英对照,空处缺少“被给与”,给:give,此处和主语之间是被动关系,故句子用含有情态动词的被动语态should be done。故填be;given。
3 .(2024·广东广州·中考真题)这是一次多么有意义的经历啊!
experience it is!
【答案】 What a meaningful
【详解】根据题干可知,本句是感叹句,experience是可数名词单数,所以其句型结构为“What +a/an+形容词+可数名单数+主语+谓语”。表达“有意义的”用形容词meaningful,首字母发辅音音素,所以不定冠词用a,故填What;a;meaningful。
4. (2025·广东广州·二模)现场将会有超过20个社团。
over 20 clubs in the fair.
【答案】 There will be
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“将会有”的英文;there be句型,表示“某地有某物”,根据句意可知,此处需一般将来时,There be句型的一般将来时结构为There will be+名词,故填There;will;be。
5.(2025·广东广州·二模)真是激动人心的项目!我们可以让世界变得不同。
project it is! We can make a to the world.
【答案】 What an exciting difference
【详解】感叹句中心词project是可数名词单数,此处用“what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓”结构,“激动人心的”exciting以元音因素开头,其前用不定冠词an。“make a difference”是固定搭配,表示“产生影响/带来改变”,不定冠词a后接单数名词difference。故填What;an;exciting;difference。
6. 用你的笑容去改变世界,别让世界改变了你的笑容。
Use your smile to change the world. the world change your smile.
【答案】 Don’t let
【详解】根据所给汉语提示可知,此处是祈使句否定形式,句型结构为“Don’t+动词原形”,表示不要做某事;let是动词,意为“让;允许”。故填Don’t;let。
7.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Tom is reading Journey to the West now.(改为一般疑问句)
Tom Journey to the West now?
【答案】 Is reading
【详解】句意:汤姆正在读《西游记》。根据题干可知,句子时态是现在进行时态,句中含有动词is,因此一般疑问句只需要把is提前即可。故填Is;reading。
8.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)My mom will come back home in an hour. (对画线部分提问)
will your mom come back home?
【答案】 How soon
【详解】句意:我妈妈将在一个小时后回家。划线部分“in an hour”表示未来的时间,对此提问,用how soon“多久以后”,首字母大写。故填How;soon。
9.(2025·贵州·中考真题)让我们管理好体重,保持健康!
Let’s manage our weight healthy!
【答案】 and keep
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,keep healthy表示“保持健康”,此处和前面是并列关系,应用and连接,动词用原形。故填and;keep。
10.(2025·重庆·中考真题)Gina is talking to her friend on the phone.(改为否定句)
Gina to her friend on the phone.
【答案】 isn’t talking
【详解】句意:吉娜正在和她的朋友通电话。改为否定句时在is后加not,缩写为isn’t,其他不变。故填isn’t;talking。
三、语法填空
1.(2024·深圳·真题)The food there was so (taste) that she asked her parents to take her there more often. 【考查表语】
【答案】tasty
【解析】句意:那里的食物很好吃,她让父母经常带她去那里。根据“The food there was so...”可知,此处应该用形容词tasty“美味的”,在句中作表语。故填tasty。
2.(2024·深圳·真题)For her, this was a great chance (discover) more about Chinese food. 【考查后置定语】
【答案】to discover
【解析】句意:对她来说,这是一个发现更多中国食物的绝佳机会。discover“发现”,根据“this was a great chance...more about Chinese food”可知,此处考查短语a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to discover。
3.(2024·深圳·真题)Fifa said that she was (real) amazed at how food could hold so much meaning. 【考查状语】
【答案】really
【解析】句意:Fifa说,她真的很惊讶食物竟然能包含如此多的意义。根据“Fifa said that she was...amazed”可知,此处应该用副词really“真正地”,修饰形容词amazed。故填really。
4.(2025·深圳·模拟)Since it started, the company (create) many new products that make our lives easier. 【考查谓语】
【答案】has created。
【解析】句意:自成立以来,该公司创造了许多使我们的生活更轻松的新产品。 根据since可知,本句时态为现在完成时,根据“the company...many new products”可知,空格处为本句谓语动词,故填has created。
5.(2025·深圳·模拟)In fact, companies like DeepSeek can (call) leaders in the tech world nowadays. 【考查谓语】
【答案】be called
【解析】句意:事实上,像DeepSeek这样的公司现在可以被称为技术世界的领导者。根据“companies like DeepSeek can...leaders in the tech world nowadays.”可知,本句主语为companies,空格处为本句谓语动词,且主语谓语之间为被动关系,故应填被动语态be called,空格处位于情态动词can之后,应填原型。故填be called。
6.(2025·深圳·模拟)The (succeed) of Ne Zha 2 shows that traditional Chinese stories still matter today.【考查主语】
【答案】success
【解析】句意:《哪吒2》的成功表明,中国传统故事在今天仍然重要。空处作主语,应用不可数名词success,故填success。
7.(2025·深圳·模拟) But later, Ao Bing sacrifices (牺牲) (he) to protect Chentang Pass. 【考查宾语】
【答案】himself
【解析】句意:后来,敖丙牺牲了自己来保护陈塘关。根据“Ao Bing sacrifices (牺牲) ”可知,此处表示“他自己”,用反身代词作动词sacrifices的宾语,故填himself。
8.(2025·深圳·模拟)The teacher often encourages us ________ (work) hard to achieve our dreams.
【答案】to work
【解析】句意:句意:老师经常鼓励我们努力学习以实现我们的梦想。
根据encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事),用不定式 to work 作宾语补足语。,故填to work。
一、单项选择
1. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在阳光下阅读对你的眼睛有害。
考查句子成分。主语是句子陈述的对象;谓语是说明主语的动作/状态;宾语是动作的承受者;表语是说明主语的身份/特征。本句中“Reading in the sun”是动名词短语,在句中充当被陈述的对象,是句子的主语。故选A。
2. People won’t work in big offices in 20 years.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.状语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:20年后人们不会在大办公室工作。
考查句子成分。People“人们”,主语;won’t work“不工作”,谓语;in big offices“在大办公室”,地点状语;in 20 years“20年后”,时间状语。因此,“in 20 years”是状语。故选D。
3. We should care for the old people.
A.宾语 B.补语 C.定语 D.状语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们应该关心老人。
考查句子成分。根据“We should care for the old people.”可知,the old people作care for的宾语。故选A。
4. There will be more jobs about IT and AI in the future.
A.主语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:未来会有更多与IT和人工智能相关的工作。
考查句子成分。分析句子可知,该句是一个there be句型,在此句型中,主语通常跟在be动词后面,因此“more jobs”为主语,“about IT and AI”是定语,“in the future”是时间状语。故选A。
5. Grandpa bought me a new dictionary.
A.间接宾语 B.谓语 C.直接宾语 D.表语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:爷爷给我买了一本新字典。
考查句子成分。a new dictionary意为“一本新字典”,名词短语,是动作bought的直接对象,作为句子的直接宾语。故选C。
6. She picks up rubbish in the park.
A.谓语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.表语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她在公园里捡垃圾。
考查句子成分。在这个句子“She picks up rubbish in the park”中,“She”是主语,表示动作的执行者;“picks up”是谓语,描述了主语“She”所进行的动作,即“捡起”;“rubbish”是宾语,是动作“picks up”的对象;“in the park”是状语,描述了动作发生的地点。故选A。
7. She is more serious than any other teacher.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾补
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她比其他任何老师都更严肃。
考查句子成分。句中下划线部分“more serious”为形容词比较级,在系动词“is”后作表语,说明主语的特征。故选C。
8. Reading can make us happy.
A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.宾补
【答案】D
【详解】句意:阅读可以使我们开心。
考查句子成分。表语,一般位于系动词之后;主语,一般位于句首;宾语,一般位于实义动词之后;宾补,一般位于宾语之后。根据“make us”可知,make为句子的谓语动词,us则是make的宾语,happy是对us的补充说明,所以happy在句子中作宾语补足语。故选D。
9. The ancient tree in the courtyard is over 500 years old.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.定语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:院子里的那棵古树有500多年的历史了。
考查句子成分分析。在这个句子中,“is”是系动词,“over 500 years old”是表语,用来描述主语的特征状态;而“ancient”是形容词,用来修饰名词“tree”,说明树的特征是“古老的”,作定语。故选D。
10. The gift which my mom sent to me has made me excited.
A.宾语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我妈妈送给我的礼物使我兴奋不已。
考查句子成分。根据“The gift which my mom sent to me has made me excited.”可知,划线部分修饰名词gift,为定语从句,作定语。故选D。
11. You can understand people by knowing the friends.
A.宾补 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.状语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你可以通过了解朋友来理解人们。
考查句子成分辨析。在“You can understand people by knowing the friends.”这个句子中,“You”是主语,表示执行动作的主体;“can understand”是谓语,其中“can”是情态动词,“understand”是实义动词,二者共同构成谓语部分,表示主语所发出的动作;“people”是宾语,是谓语动词“understand”的对象;“by knowing the friends”表示方式,意思是“通过了解朋友”,在句中作状语,用来修饰谓语动词“understand”,说明理解人们的方式。所以“by knowing the friends”是状语。故选D。
12. I think the sound from the forest sounds like a piece of music.
A.宾语 B.主语 C.表语 D.谓语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我认为森林里的声音听起来像是一首音乐。
考查句子成分。在宾语从句“the sound from the forest sounds like a piece of music”里,“the sound”是主语,“from the forest”是后置定语修饰“the sound”,“sounds like”是谓语,“a piece of music” 是宾语。所以这里划线部分“sounds like”充当谓语,故选D。
13. Have you read Tom Sawyer yet?
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.状语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你已经读过《汤姆・索亚历险记》了吗?
考查句子成分。这是一个一般疑问句,时态是现在完成时,“Have”是助动词,和“read”一起构成谓语,表示动作。故选A。
14. I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我昨天发现我妹妹在翻看我的东西。
考查句子成分。根据题干可知,“found”是谓语动词,“my sister”是谓语动词“found”的承受者,在句中作宾语;“looking through my things”是对宾语“my sister”的补充说明,说明妹妹当时的动作状态,作宾语补足语。故选D。
15. Mary asked me to help her yesterday.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:玛丽昨天让我帮她。
考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,“Mary”是主语,表示动作的执行者;“asked”是谓语动词;“me”是宾语,是动作“asked”的对象;“to help her” 进一步说明“me”需要做的事情,即对宾语“me”进行补充说明,说明让“我”做什么,所以“to help her”是宾语补足语。故选C。
16. The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“Tom is playing basketball.”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语。
考查句子基本结构辨析。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知,Tom,作主语;is playing作谓语;basketball作宾语,属于“主语+谓语+宾语”(S+V+O)的基本结构。故选A。
17. What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”?
A.S+V+P B.S+V C.S+V+O D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“They are swimming in the river now.”这个句子的句型是什么?
考查句子结构。S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V主语+不及物动词;S+V+O主语+及物动词+宾语;S+V+O+OC主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。在句子“They are swimming in the river now.”中,“They”是主语,“are swimming”是谓语动词(现在进行时,表示动作正在进行),“in the river”是地点状语,“now”是时间状语。这个句子没有宾语,因为“swimming”是不及物动词,不需要宾语来完成句子的意思。所以,这个句子的句型是S+V(主语+不及物动词)。故选B。
18. The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________.
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO
C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“张老师教我们英语。”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。
考查句子结构辨析。S+V+DO 主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+IO+DO 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+DO+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语;S+V+P 主语+谓语+表语。根据句子“Mr Zhang teaches us English.”可知,“us”是间接宾语,“English”是直接宾语,符合“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构,故选B。
19. Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】B
【详解】句意:哪个是“他昨天给你买了一本字典”的句型?
考查句子结构。S+V+O主谓宾;S+Ⅴ+IO+DO主谓双宾;S+V主谓;S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。分析句子可知,He主语;bought谓语;you间接宾语;a dictionary直接宾语;yesterday状语。故选B。
20. (2025·甘肃张掖·一模)What is the sentence pattern of “The news makes me happy”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】D
【详解】句意:“这个消息使我高兴”的句型是什么?
考查句型。The news为主语;makes为谓语动词;me为宾格;happy为宾语补足语。所以本句为“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构,即S+V+O+OC。故选D。
21. (2025·山东淄博·一模)—Is there going to ________ a basketball match this afternoon?
—Yes. It’s at four, between Class Five and Class Six.
A.take B.make C.be D.have
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——今天下午将有一场篮球赛吗?——是的,四点开始,五班对六班。
考查there be句型的一般将来时。take“带走”;make“制作”;be“存在、有”;have“拥有”。根据“Is there going to … a basketball match”可知,此处是there be句型,且其一般将来时结构为“There is going to be...”。 故选C。
22. When I passed the classroom, I saw some students ________ English songs together.
A.sing B.singing C.sang D.to sing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我经过教室时,我看到一些学生在一起唱英语歌曲。
考查非谓语动词。sing唱,动词原形;singing正在唱,现在分词;sang唱,过去式;to sing去唱,动词不定式。根据“I saw some students ... English songs together.”可知,空处作感官动词saw的宾语补足语,可用动词原形表示动作的全过程或习惯性动作,或用现在分词表示动作正在进行;根据时间状语“When I passed…”可知,此处强调动作在那一刻正在进行,应用现在分词singing表示“……我看到一些学生正在一起唱英语歌曲”。故选B。
23. My Chinese teacher’s jokes ________ me as much as my history teacher’s.
A.aren’t interested in B.are interesting
C.isn’t interested D.don’t interest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我语文老师的笑话不像我历史老师的笑话那样让我感兴趣。
考查动词用法。be interested in对……感兴趣;interesting有趣的;interested感兴趣的;interest使感兴趣,动词。空处缺少谓语动词,且表示“不让自己感兴趣”。且主语为复数,使用“don’t interest”。故选D。
24. There________ some small restaurants and shops near our primary school.
A.used to be B.used to have C.was used to be D.was used to having
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在我们小学附近曾经有一些小餐馆和商店。
考查动词短语和There be句型。used to do sth. 过去常常做某事;be used to do sth.被用来做某事;be used to doing sth.习惯做某事。根据“some small restaurants and shops near our primary school.”可知,这里指的是小学附近过去有一些小餐馆和商店。此句是There be句型,用used to be。故选A。
25.(2025·云南昭通·模拟预测)________ wonderful news! China’s space station, Tiangong, is open for international cooperation.
A.How B.What C.What a D.What an
【答案】B
【详解】句意:多么棒的消息啊!中国的空间站“天宫”已开放国际合作。
考查感叹句的引导词。感叹句常见结构为:What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!和How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!根据“... wonderful news! ”可知,主语news为不可数名词,前有形容词wonderful修饰,核心词是名词news,因此用What引导感叹句。故选B。
26.(2025·江苏南京·三模)—________ lovely snowman! You are a born artist, Simon.
—Thanks. I love playing with snow.
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——多么可爱的一个雪人啊!西蒙,你是个天生的艺术家。——谢谢。我喜欢玩雪。
考查感叹句结构。感叹句常用“What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓!”或 “How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主谓!”结构。中心词snowman是可数名词单数,lovely以辅音音素开头,需用“What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主谓”结构。故选D。
27.(2025·广东汕头·二模)Don’t depend too much on your parents, ________ you can’t learn to do things alone.
A.and B.or C.so D.but
【答案】B
【详解】句意:不要过于依赖父母,否则你无法学会独立做事。
考查并列连词辨析。and和,表并列;or否则;so所以,表结果;but但是,表转折。根据“Don’t depend too much on your parents”和“you can’t learn to do things alone.”可知,无法学会独立是依赖父母的负面结果,需用“or”连接表示“否则”。故选B。
28.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)________ beautiful the poem Mom Knows Best is! I want to read it to my mom.
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【答案】C
【详解】句意: 《妈妈最懂》这首诗多么优美啊!我想把它读给我的妈妈听。
考查感叹句。根据“... beautiful the poem Mom Knows Best is...”可知,句子为感叹句,且中心词为形容词“beautiful”,因此应使用“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”的结构,How表示“多么”。故选C。
29.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—Mike, ________ such a loud noise in the room. Your sister is sleeping.
—OK, Dad. I won’t do that again.
A.making B.to make C.don’t make D.make
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——迈克,别在房间里弄出这么大的声音。你妹妹在睡觉。——好的,爸爸。我不会再那样做了。
考查祈使句的否定形式。根据“Your sister is sleeping.”可知妹妹在睡觉,所以不要弄出这么大的声音,故此处用祈使句的否定形式:Don’t+动词原形。故选C。
30.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)Ben, ________ off the tap while brushing your teeth.
A.turn B.turns C.turning D.turned
【答案】A
【详解】句意:本,刷牙的时候关掉水龙头。
考查祈使句。根据“off the tap while brushing your teeth.”可知,该句为祈使句,祈使句通常以动词原形开头。故选A。
二、语法选择
On October 1st 2025, Jane Goodall, the world-famous primatologist (灵长类动物学家), passed away from natural causes peacefully. 1 a very young age, she loved animals and spent hours 2 books about animals in Africa. Her dream was 3 with animals in Africa and write about them. Many people told her it was not a good job for a girl, but Jane was 4 to follow her dream.
When she was 23 years old, Jane traveled to Kenya, Africa. She met a famous scientist 5 Dr. Louis Leakey. Later, he asked Jane 6 to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania to study chimpanzees though she just had her passion and a notebook.
Jane’s 7 month in Gombe was very difficult. The chimpanzees were afraid of her and ran away when she came near. So Jane watched them from a distance and slowly 8 their trust.
One day, she saw 9 . She watched David Greybeard take a small branch, strip 10 leaves off, and use it to get termites (白蚁). 11 this moment, scientists believed that only humans could make and use tools. Jane’s discovery showed that chimps are much 12 than people thought.
For over 60 years, Jane had traveled all over the world to teach people about chimpanzees and about 13 to protect our planet. She started the “Roots & Shoots” program to teach young people to care 14 the environment and animals.
Jane Goodall was a true hero for animals and for our world. She followed her heart and proved that passion and hard work 15 lead to amazing discoveries.
1.A.In B.From C.On D.For
2.A.read B.to read C.reading D.reads
3.A.live B.lives C.living D.to live
4.A.determine B.determined C.determining D.determination
5.A.name B.named C.naming D.to name
6.A.go B.going C.to go D.went
7.A.one B.the one C.first D.the first
8.A.gain B.gained C.gaining D.was gained
9.A.amazing something B.something amazing
C.amazed something D.something amazed
10.A.it B.its C.it’s D.itself
11.A.Before B.After C.During D.When
12.A.intelligent B.intelligently C.more intelligent D.more intelligently
13.A.what B.how C.why D.when
14.A.of B.with C.for D.after
15.A.can B.must C.should D.need
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A
【导语】本文讲述了珍·古道尔保护动物的经历,且赞扬了她一生致力于保护动物与环境的善举。
1.句意:从很小的时候起,她就非常喜欢动物,并且会花好几个小时阅读有关非洲动物的书籍。
In在……里;From从;On在……上;For为了。from a very young age表示“从很小的时候起”,此处表示时间上的延续,From符合语境,故选B。
2.句意:从很小的时候起,她就非常喜欢动物,并且会花好几个小时阅读有关非洲动物的书籍。
read阅读,动词原形;to read动词不定式;reading动名词/现在分词;reads三单形式。“spend time (in) doing sth.”是固定用法,意为“花费时间做某事”,所以这里用动名词reading。故选C。
3.句意:她的梦想是在非洲和动物一起生活并且写关于它们的文章。
live居住,生活,动词原形;lives三单形式;living动名词/现在分词;to live动词不定式。根据“Her dream was…”可知,这里用动词不定式作表语,表示具体的动作或行为。故选D。
4.句意:许多人告诉她这对一个女孩来说不是一份好工作,但是简下定决心追随她的梦想。
determine决定,动词原形;determined下定决心的,形容词;determining决定,动名词/现在分词;determination决心,名词。根据“was”可知,这里需要一个形容词作表语,“be determined to do sth.”表示“下定决心做某事”。故选B。
5.句意:她遇到了一位名叫路易斯·利基博士的著名科学家。
name命名,动词原形;named过去分词;naming动名词;to name动词不定式。这里“named Dr. Louis Leakey”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词“scientist”,表示“被命名为……的科学家”。故选B。
6.句意:后来,他让简去坦桑尼亚的贡贝溪国家公园研究黑猩猩,尽管她只有热情和一个笔记本。
go去,动词原形;going动名词;to go动词不定式;went过去式。“ask sb. to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“要求某人做某事”,所以这里用动词不定式to go。故选C。
7.句意:简在贡贝的第一个月非常艰难。
one一;the one那一个;first第一;the first第一。这里表示“第一个月”,用序数词first,设空处前有名词所有格,不需填定冠词,故选C。
8.句意:所以简从远处观察它们,慢慢地获得了它们的信任。
gain获得,动词原形;gained过去式;gaining动名词;was gained一般过去时的被动语态。根据“So Jane watched them from a distance and slowly”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,且是主动语态,这里用动词过去式gained,表示简获得了它们的信任。故选B。
9.句意:有一天,她看到了一些令人惊奇的事情。
amazing something表述错误;something amazing一些令人惊奇的事情;amazed something表述错误;something amazed一些感到惊奇的事情。形容词修饰不定代词要后置,“amazing”表示“令人惊奇的”,修饰物;“amazed”表示“感到惊奇的”,修饰人。这里修饰“事情”,用amazing,所以是something amazing。故选B。
10.句意:她看到大卫·灰胡子拿了一根小树枝,剥掉它的叶子,然后用它来获取白蚁。
it它;its它的;it’s它是;itself它自己。根据“leaves”可知,这里表示“它的叶子”,用形容词性物主代词its。故选B。
11.句意:在这个时刻之前,科学家们认为只有人类能够制造和使用工具。
Before在……之前;After在……之后;During在……期间;When当……时候。此处指在简看到黑猩猩使用工具这个时刻之前,科学家们有那样的认知,所以用Before。故选A。
12.句意:简的发现表明黑猩猩比人们想象的聪明得多。
intelligent聪明的,形容词原级;intelligently聪明地,副词;more intelligent更聪明的,形容词比较级;more intelligently更聪明地,副词比较级。根据“ane’s discovery showed that chimps are much”可知,这里用形容词比较级more intelligent。故选C。
13.句意:60多年来,简走遍世界各地,向人们传授关于黑猩猩的知识以及如何保护我们的星球。
what什么;how如何;why为什么;when什么时候。根据“to protect our planet.”可知,这里表示“如何保护我们的星球”,用how。故选B。
14.句意:她发起了“根与芽”项目,教导年轻人关心环境和动物。
of……的;with和;for为了;after在……之后。“care for”是固定短语,意为“关心”,此处指关心环境和动物。故选C。
15.句意:她追随自己的内心,证明了激情和努力工作能够带来惊人的发现。
can能够;must必须;should应该;need需要。这里表示“能够带来惊人的发现”,用can表示能够。故选A。
三、短文填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。
Root carving (根雕) is a special traditional art form in China with a long history. It uses natural tree roots 1 (create) beautiful artworks. The art mixes natural beauty and human creativity. It is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.
In 1982, an ancient root carving of a mythical (神话的) animal 2 (find) in Hubei Province. It showed the long history of this art. Liaoning is also famous for root carvings. The best root carvings mainly come 3 Fushun and Benxi. Many people still enjoy this special art today.
Creating root carving works 4 (include) four steps: choosing the right root, designing based on its shape, carving, and finally coloring. Artists follow 5 important rule: 30% human work and 70% nature. The rule means that they must respect the root’s natural form while adding 6 (they) artistic creation.
There are different 7 (kind) of root carvings. Some are practical, like chairs and desks. Some are decorative (装饰性的), like animal or flower shapes.
Root carving is not only an art form, 8 also a symbol of Chinese wisdom in balancing nature and creativity. Today, people are becoming even 9 (interested) in this wonderful art than before. It is 10 (real) important to keep this tradition alive. We should try to learn more about it and pass on this special culture to future generations (代).
【答案】
1.to create 2.was found 3.from 4.includes 5.an 6.their 7.kinds 8.but 9.more interested 10.really
【导语】本文主要介绍了根雕这种中国传统艺术形式的相关信息,包括其历史、产地、创作步骤、种类以及意义等。
1.句意:它利用天然的树根来创作美丽的艺术品。create“创造”,use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”,固定搭配。故填to create。
2.句意:在1982年,在湖北省发现了一个神话动物的古代根雕。根据“In 1982”可知,该句时态为一般过去时;主语“an ancient root carving of a mythical (神话的) animal”和动词find之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为was/were+动词的过去分词;主语是单数,be动词用was,find的过去分词是found。故填was found。
3.句意:最好的根雕主要来自抚顺和本溪。come from“来自”,固定搭配。故填from。
4.句意:创作根雕作品包括四个步骤:选择合适的根、根据其形状设计、雕刻,最后上色。include“包括”,分析句子结构可知,此处缺少谓语动词;根据语境可知,该句陈述的是客观事实,时态为一般现在时;主语“Creating root carving works”是动名词短语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,include的第三人称单数形式是includes。故填includes。
5.句意:艺术家遵循一条重要的规则:30%的人工和70%的自然。此处泛指“一条重要的规则”,且important是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词an表示“一条”。故填an。
6.句意:这条规则意味着他们必须尊重树根的自然形态,同时加入他们的艺术创作。修饰名词“artistic creation”应用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。
7.句意:有不同种类的根雕。different后接可数名词复数形式,kind的复数形式是kinds“种类”。故填kinds。
8.句意:根雕不仅是一种艺术形式,也是中国智慧在平衡自然与创造力方面的象征。由“not only an art form...also”可知,not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”,固定搭配。故填but。
9.句意:如今,人们对这门奇妙艺术的兴趣比以前更浓厚了。interested“感兴趣的”,根据“than before”可知,此处用比较级形式,interested的比较级是more interested。故填more interested。
10.句意:保持这一传统的活力真的很重要。修饰形容词important应用副词really“真正地”。故填really。
四、选词填空
money however less phone the fair disappear but call from use more
We’ve been using banknotes (纸币) for around 1,000 years. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Chinese people made the world’s earliest paper money to replace metal coins. These banknotes were 1 “Jiaozi”.
Paper 2 is cheaper to make and easier to carry. These advantages made it more popular than other forms of money. But now, in the digital (数码) age, paper money seems to be disappearing for 3 same reason.
China seems to be heading towards becoming a cashless society. 4 supermarkets to street stores, people pay by 5 WeChat Wallet and Alipay on their mobile phones. Sweden (瑞典) is even closer to a future without paper money. Many Swedish banks no longer have cash on hand. 6 there are worries about creating cashless societies. Some say it is 7 to the poor and people without much education. It’s not easy for them to open bank accounts (账户) or deal with mobile 8 . And if all of your money is “digital”, it may not be safe enough. Will paper money 9 in the future? Although paper money is used 10 than electronic payment (电子支付) in some countries, it won’t disappear at once in most parts of the world.
【答案】
1.called 2.money 3.the 4.From 5.using 6.But 7.unfair 8.phones 9.disappear 10.less
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了纸币的历史、现状以及未来可能被电子支付取代的趋势。
1.句意:这些纸币被称为“交子”。结合所给单词和“These banknotes were...‘Jiaozi’”可知,此处表示这些纸币被叫做“交子”,动词call“称呼”符合语境,主语These banknotes与动词call之间是被动关系,所以此处应用call的过去分词形式called。故填called。
2.句意:纸币制作成本更低,携带更方便。结合所给单词和“is cheaper to make and easier to carry”可知,此处表示纸币制作成本更低,携带更方便,名词money“钱”符合语境,此处指纸币这种钱,不可数,故填money。
3.句意:但现在,在数码时代,由于同样的原因,纸币似乎正在消失。结合所给单词和“same reason”可知,此处表示同样的原因,定冠词the符合语境,the same表示“相同的”,故填the。
4.句意:从超市到街头商店,人们通过手机上的微信钱包和支付宝进行支付。结合所给单词和“supermarkets to street stores”可知,此处表示从超市到街头商店,介词from“从”符合语境,from...to...表示“从……到……”,故填From。
5.句意:从超市到街头商店,人们通过使用手机上的微信钱包和支付宝进行支付。结合所给单词和“pay by...WeChat Wallet and Alipay on their mobile phones”可知,此处表示人们通过使用手机上的微信钱包和支付宝进行支付,动词use“使用”符合语境,by是介词,后接动名词形式,故填using。
6.句意:但也有对创建无现金社会的担忧。结合所给单词和“Many Swedish banks no longer have cash on hand...there are worries about creating cashless societies.”可知,前后句之间是转折关系,且横线后无逗号,连词but“但是”符合语境,故填But。
7.句意:有人说这对穷人和受教育程度不高的人不公平。结合所给单词和“to the poor and people without much education”可知,此处表示对穷人和没有受过多少教育的人不公平,unfair符合。故填unfair。
8.句意:对他们来说,开设银行账户或使用手机并不容易。结合所给单词和“deal with mobile...”可知,此处表示使用手机,名词phone“电话”符合语境,mobile phones表示“手机”,此空用复数。故填phones。
9.句意:未来纸币会消失吗?结合所给单词和“Will paper money...in the future?”以及“it won’t disappear at once in most parts of the world.”可知,此处表示未来纸币会消失吗,动词disappear“消失”符合语境,will后接动词原形,故填disappear。
10.句意:尽管在一些国家纸币的使用比电子支付少,但在世界大部分地区它不会立刻消失。结合所给单词和“Although paper money is used...than electronic payment (电子支付) in some countries”可知,此处表示尽管在一些国家纸币的使用比电子支付少,形容词less“更少的”符合语境,此处表示纸币的使用更少,故填less。
五、完成句子
1.(2025·贵州·中考真题)第三,别忘了阅读食品包装上的营养信息。这样我们能很好地选择食物。
Third, to read the nutritional information on food packaging. Then we can make good food choices.
【答案】 don’t forget
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,forget表示“忘记”,此处是祈使句的否定形式,动词前加don’t。故填don’t;forget。
2.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)终身学习真是太重要了!
lifelong learning is!
【答案】 How important
【详解】根据中文提示和标点符号可知,此句是感叹句,重要的:important,为形容词,应为感叹句结构“how+adj+主谓”,位于句首,首字母大写,故填How;important。
3.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)红灯时请不要横穿马路。
the road when the traffic lights are red.
【答案】 Don’t/Never cross
【详解】此处是祈使句的否定形式:don’t/never+动词原形;横穿:cross。故填Don’t/Never;cross。
4.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)I think the computer can still work.(改为否定句)
I think the computer still work.
【答案】 don’t can
【详解】句意:我想电脑还能用。含有I think的宾语从句变否定句要否定前置,主句是一般现在时,主语是I,借助助动词don’t,从句不变,故第二个空填can。故填don’t;can。
5.(2025·广东广州·一模) 为了帮助这些老人,我们班上周组织了一次志愿者活动。
these old people, our class held a volunteer activity last week.
【答案】 In order to help
【详解】根据中英文提示可知,此处使用“in order to”表示“为了”,后接动词原形构成目的状语。“in order to help”置于句首时,首字母需大写,符合句子“为了帮助这些老人”的目的表达。故填In;order;to;help。
6.(2025·广东广州·三模)这次任务真是中国载人航天工程的一次巨大进步啊!
this mission makes in China’s manned space program!
【答案】 What huge/great progress
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处为what引导的感叹句,结构为What+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语!huge或great表示“巨大的”;progress“进步”,不可数名词。故填What;huge/great;progress。
7.(2025·广东广州·三模)广州以名胜古迹而闻名。
Guangzhou its ancient places of interest.
【答案】 is famous/known for
【详解】结合中英文提示可知,此处缺“因……而出名”,其对应的英文表达为“be famous/known for”。主语“Guangzhou广州”表示单数概念,且该句陈述的一般事实,时态应用一般现在时,be动词应用is。故填is;famous/known;for。
8.(2025·广东广州·一模)去年,我们全家参加了社区的“家庭悦读”的活动。
Last year, our family the “Family Reading” activity in the community.
【答案】 took part in
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,句中缺少“参加”的英文内容,“参加”英文表达为“take part in”,用于参与某项活动并在其中发挥作用,“家庭悦读”是社区组织的特定活动,因此使用“take part in”。“Last year”表明句子是一般过去时态,谓语动词要用过去式。“take”的过去式是“took”,故填took;part;in。
9. ( 2025・广东广州・二模)下周我们学校将有两场篮球比赛。
There ________ ________ ________ two basketball matches in our school next week.
【答案】 are going to be
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空格处考查 there be 句型的将来时,结构为there is/are going to be或there will be;主语 “two basketball matches” 是复数,故用are going to be。
10. (2025·广东广州·二模)为了这场比赛,很多跑步者准备了很长时间。
Many runners this race for a long time.
【答案】 have prepared for
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空格处缺少“准备”,prepare for“为……做准备”;根据“for a long time”可知时态用现在完成时have/has done,主语“Many runners”是复数,助动词用have。故填have;prepared;for。
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