Unit 2 Reading & Writing 导学案 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

八年级英语第二学期（沪教版）（2024） U2 Language and communication Reading&Writing · 精讲精练 一、单词 1. speech（n.演讲；言语） - 例句：Freedom of speech is a basic human right that should be protected in all democratic societies.（言论自由是基本人权，应在所有民主社会中受到保护。） · 词转链接： speak v. 说话 speaker n. 演讲者；扬声器 speechful adj. 话多的；有发言权的 speechless adj. 说不出话的 2. cross（v./adj./n.交叉；生气的；十字架） - 例句：Be careful when you cross the busy road and always look both ways for oncoming traffic.（过马路时要小心，且一定要左右看有没有来车。） · 词转链接： crossing n. 十字路口 crossly adv. 生气地；略有不满地 3. cultural（adj.文化的） - 例句：Visiting museums and art galleries is a great cultural experience that broadens your understanding of history and society.（参观博物馆和艺术画廊是很好的文化体验，能拓宽你对历史和社会的理解。） · 词转链接： culture n. 文化 culturally adv. 文化上 4. divide（v./n.分开；分歧） - 例句：The divide between rich and poor is growing wider in many parts of the world despite economic growth.（尽管经济增长，世界上许多地方的贫富差距仍在扩大。） · 词转链接： division n. 分开 divisive adj. 引起分歧的 5. variety（n.多样性；种类） - 例句：We have a wide variety of courses to choose from, ranging from basic language skills to advanced business communication.（我们有各种各样的课程可供选择，从基础语言技能到高级商务交流应有尽有。） · 词转链接： various adj. 各种各样的 vary v. 变化；改变 6. accent（n.口音；重音） - 例句：He speaks English with a strong French accent that makes him sound very charming and sophisticated.（他说英语带着浓重的法国口音，让他听起来很有魅力和教养。） · 词转链接： accented adj. 带口音的 accentuate v. 强调 7. clothing（n.衣服;服装） - 例句：She bought new clothing for the important communication meeting next week.（她为下周重要的沟通会议买了新衣服。） · 辨析园地：clothing和clothes clothing 是不可数名词，侧重抽象概念，泛指服装类别或行业用语，通常用于正式语境，例如：‌the clothing industry 服装行业 clothes 是复数名词，没有单数形式。强调具体衣物实体，如衬衫、裤子、裙子、外套等日常穿着的单品 8. realize（v.认识到;意识到;实现） - 例句：I realized my mistake after finishing that speech.（在结束演讲之后后，我意识到了自己的错误。） · 词转链接： realization n. 领悟；（目标、梦想的）实现 9. bridge（v.在……上架桥;n.桥梁） - 例句：Good communication can bridge the gap between people from different countries.（良好的沟通能在不同国家的人之间架起桥梁。） 10. fellow（adj.同类的:同伴的） - 例句：I had a good chat with my fellow students about our group project.（我和同伴同学就我们的小组项目进行了良好的沟通。） 11. pronounce（v.发音;读(音)） - 例句：The teacher helped us pronounce English words correctly so as to improve our oral expression.（老师帮我们正确发音英文单词，以提高沟通能力。） · 词转链接： pronunciation n. 发音 12. system（n.体系;系统） - 例句：This company has a good internal e-mail system for employees.（这家公司有一个良好的员工内部沟通系统。） · 词转链接： systematic adj. 系统的 systemize v. 使系统化 13. gesture（n.手势;姿势） - 例句：She used a gesture to ask me to be quiet during the meeting.（会议期间，她用一个手势示意我安静。） 14. forget（v.忘记:遗忘） - 例句：I forgot to tell my mom about the parent-teacher meeting.（我忘记告诉妈妈开家长会的事了。） · 词转链接： forgettable adj. 健忘的；易被忘记的 unforgettable adj. 难忘的 15. focus（v.集中(注意力､精力于)） - 例句：She can’t focus on her homework when there are too many noises around.（周围噪音太多时，她无法集中精力在她的作业上。） 16. situation（n.情况:状况） - 例句：In some situations, we need to express ourselves clearly and quickly.（在一些情况下，我们需要清晰快速地表达自己的意思。） · 词转链接： situate v. 使坐落于；将……置于 situational adj 情景的；情境式的 17. regret（v.感到遗憾;惋惜;懊悔） - 例句：I regret speaking angrily to my parents last night.（我很遗憾对父母说话生气，我会向他们道歉。） · 词转链接： regrettable adj. 令人遗憾的 regretful adj 后悔的 18. prize（n.奖;奖赏） - 例句：He won the first prize in the school competition for his speech.（他因为演讲在学校沟通比赛中获得了一等奖。） 19. hug（v.拥抱:搂抱） - 例句：She hugged her friend after solving their problem.（解决问题后，她拥抱了朋友。） 20. effective（adj.有效的） - 例句：We need to find effective strategies for team work.（我们需要为团队工作找到有效的策略。） · 词转链接： effect n. 效果；作用 effectively adj 有效地 21. present（v.(以某种方式)展现,显示;n.礼物） - 例句：He presented his ideas clearly through good communication in the meeting.（在会议上，他通过良好的沟通清晰地展现了自己的想法。） · 词转链接： presentation n. 呈现；展示 二、短语 1. in terms of（在…方面） - 例句：This video call app is good in terms of clarity, so we can hear each other well.（这款视频通话应用在清晰度方面很好，所以我们能清楚地听到对方。） 2. as for fluency（至于流利程度） - 例句：As for fluency, practicing speaking every day is very helpful.（至于流利程度，每天练习说话很有帮助。） 3. crossing the cultural divide（跨越文化鸿沟） - 例句：We learned about ways of crossing the cultural divide through communication.（我们学习了通过沟通跨越文化鸿沟的方法。） 4. hand gesture（手势） - 例句：She used a hand gesture to show she agreed with the idea.（她用一个手势表示同意这个想法。） 5. in the end（最后 ; 终于） - 例句：They talked for a long time, and in the end, they reached an agreement.（他们谈了很久，最后达成了共识。） 6. talk on the phone（在电话上交谈） - 例句：I often talk on the phone with my best friend on weekends.（我周末经常和最好的朋友在电话上交谈。） 7. body language（身体语言） - 例句：We learned how to read body language at the class meeting.（我们在班会课上学习了如何解读身体语言。） 8. proper topics（合适的话题） - 例句：We should choose proper topics when coming to a new friend.（在遇到新朋友时，我们应该选择合适的话题。） 9. apologize for misunderstanding sb.（因误解某人而道歉） - 例句：He apologized for misunderstanding his friend after knowing the truth.（知道真相后，他因误解朋友而道歉。） 10. the variety of accents（口音的多样性） - 例句：We learned about the variety of accents in English-speaking countries.（我们学习了英语国家口音的多样性。） 11. fellow camper（露营者同伴） - 例句：I had a good time cooperating with my fellow campers.（我和露营者同伴合作得很愉快。） 12. bridge the gap（弥合差距） - 例句：Education can help bridge the gap between rich and poor.（教育有助于弥合贫富差距。） 13. focus on（专注于…） - 例句：She needs to focus on singing to improve her skills.（她需要专注于唱歌来提高技巧。） · 课堂训练 一、选出最合适的答案 1. Good communication can ______ the gap between different generations. A. divide B. bridge C. cross D. hug 2. When you travel abroad, you will experience a wide ______ of cultural traditions. A. variety B. system C. situation D. prize 3. He spoke with a strong regional ______, which made it difficult for us to understand him. A. accent B. pronunciation C. speech D. gesture 4. To give an ______ presentation, you need to focus on both your content and body language. A. unforgettable B. regretful C. effective D. speechless 5. I ______ forgetting my lines in the middle of the speech. It was so embarrassing! A. realized B. presented C. focused D. regretted 6. In a difficult ______, it's important to remain calm and communicate clearly. A. topic B. situation C. fellow D. system 7. The teacher helped us ______ the new words correctly. A. pronounce B. realize C. divide D. vary 8. She made a friendly ______ to invite me to join her group. A. hug B. speech C. gesture D. prize 9. ______ of speech is a fundamental right in many countries. A. Fellow B. Clothing C. Freedom D. Variety 10. After a long discussion, they ______ reached an agreement. A. in the end B. as for C. in terms of D. focus on 二、单词适当形式填空 1. His ______ (pronounce) has improved a lot since he moved to London. 2. After the talk, I had a sudden ______ (realize) that I had misunderstood her completely. 3. The company has a very ______ (system) approach to training new employees. 4. He looked at the broken vase with a ______ (regret) sigh. 5. The manager ______ (presentation) the new marketing strategy to the team. 三、选词填空，每个词最多只用一次 accents bridge effective cultural focus apologized realize situation Communication is more than just words; it's about understanding. When we meet people from different backgrounds, we are often (1)______ crossing the cultural divide. This can be a challenging (2) _____. For example, the (3) _____ of body language can vary greatly. A gesture that is friendly in one country might be offensive in another. To (4)______ the gap, we must learn to be open-minded. It's important to (5)______ on what the other person is trying to express, not just how they say it. If a misunderstanding happens, the most (6)______ thing to do is to talk about it. Recently, I (7)______ to my friend for misinterpreting his silence as anger. I began to (8)______ that in his culture, being quiet was a way of showing respect. This experience taught me that true communication requires empathy and a willingness to learn. 四、选择合适的短语填空，每个短语最多只用一次。 in terms of as for fluency crossing the cultural divide hand gesture in the end talk on the phone body language proper topics apologize for misunderstanding the variety of accents bridge the gap focus on 1. This new software is excellent ____________ its user-friendliness. 2. ____________, I think daily practice is the key to improvement. 3. Our project aims to ____________ between the old and the young. 4. When you are nervous, your ____________ can give you away, like fidgeting with your hands. 5. It's important to choose ____________ when you first meet someone from a different culture. 6. I prefer to ____________ because I can hear the person's tone of voice. 7. After the argument, he had to ____________ his friend. 8. The documentary explored ____________ within the United Kingdom, from Scottish to Cockney. 五、任务型阅读 Maria had just moved from Spain to Germany for an exchange program. She was excited but also nervous about communicating. Her German was good, but she soon learned that language was only one part of communication. In her first week, she had a meeting with her professor, Dr. Weber. She arrived on time, which she thought was polite. However, Dr. Weber seemed a bit cold. He didn't smile much and got straight to business. Maria felt he didn't like her. She was used to warm greetings and small talk before discussing serious topics in Spain. Later, her German roommate, Lena, explained that in a professional German context, being direct and focused is a sign of respect. It shows you value the other person's time. Lena also pointed out that Maria tended to stand very close to people when she talked, which made some Germans uncomfortable. Personal space is larger in Germany than in Spain. Maria had an "aha" moment. She realized she had been judging Dr. Weber based on her own cultural habits. The next day, she bought a small gift as a thank-you gesture and gave it to Dr. Weber. She also made sure to keep more distance when talking to others. Dr. Weber smiled and thanked her warmly. Maria understood then that effective communication is about adapting and learning, not just speaking the language. She was truly on her way to crossing the cultural divide. Questions: 1. Why did Maria feel that Dr. Weber didn't like her at first? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. What did Lena explain to Maria about German communication styles? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What two things did Maria do to adapt after talking to Lena? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What does the phrase "had an 'aha' moment" mean in the passage? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Is the following statement True or False? "Maria learned that only speaking a language fluently is enough for good communication." ________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、选择最合适的答案 1~5 BAACD. 6~10 BACCA. 二、单词适当形式填空 1. pronunciation 2. realization 3. systematic 4. regretful 5. presented 三、选词填空，每个词最多只用一次 1. crossing 2. situation 3. variety 4. bridge 5. focus 6. effective 7. apologized 8. realize 四、选择合适的短语填空，每个短语最多只用一次。 1. in terms of 2. As for fluency 3. bridge the gap 4. body language 5. proper topics 6. talk on the phone 7. apologize for misunderstanding 8. the variety of accents 五、任务型阅读 1. Because Dr. Weber seemed cold, didn't smile much, and got straight to business without small talk. 2. Lena explained that in Germany, being direct and focused in a professional context is a sign of respect, and that personal space is larger than in Spain. 3. She bought a small gift as a thank-you gesture for Dr. Weber, and she made sure to keep more distance when talking to others. 4. A moment of sudden realization or understanding. 5. False. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $