专题15 选词填空（实词题）：词形魔法师，完成语境变身（复习讲义）（2026湖南中考新题型）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题15 选词填空（实词考点） 目录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 4 03·题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 6 一、题型特点 6 二、解题要点 7 考点二 解题要点 9 一、名词 9 二、动词 11 三、形容词&副词 13 04·优题精选·练能提分 14 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 知识运用之选词填空 □选择题 ☑非选择题 2026中考英语新题型 考情分析 2026年湖南中考英语将原有的“语法填空”题型明确调整为“选词填空”。这一变化并非简单的名称替换，而是标志着考查理念的深刻转变：从对孤立、静态的语法规则的验证，转向对词汇在具体语境和完整语篇中动态运用能力的考察。这一转向完全契合新课标“在主题意义探究中学习和使用语言”的核心思想，并直接服务于语言能力、思维品质等核心素养的培育。 【题型定位对比：选词填空 vs. 传统语法填空】 · 传统语法填空：侧重考查学生对语法体系本身（如时态规则、从句引导词、冠词用法）的记忆与辨识，题目往往在单句层面即可解决，语境依赖相对较弱。 · 新选词填空：侧重考查学生对词汇的语境化运用能力。它要求学生如同一个“语言建筑师”，根据文章的整体语义、逻辑脉络和情感色彩，为空白处选择并塑造（如变形）一个最恰当的词语（主要是实词）。其答案往往是形式（语法正确）与意义（贴合文意）的高度统一，对语篇理解深度要求更高。 考情分析：近三年（2023-2025）湖南中考语法填空实词考点深度解读 近三年真题显示，对名词、动词、形容词/副词的考查构成了该题型的绝对主体。命题已形成“语境决定词义，逻辑决定形式”的鲜明特点。 1. 名词考点：语境定指与逻辑匹配 名词的考查核心已超越简单识别，进阶到在具体上下文中确定其特指含义和正确形式。 · 命题特点： 单复数判断：不再机械考查规则，而是依据语境中的数量提示（如冠词、数词、指示代词）或隐含的集体概念来决定。 词义精准选择：在给定的多个可能的名词中，只有最符合该处情境和主题的才是正确答案。 · 示例： 1：在一篇关于团队合作的短文中，“We need everyone's ______ (contribute) to finish the project.” 此处需根据“everyone's”所有格及句意，将“contribute”转化为名词“contribution”，且为不可数形式，强调“贡献”这一抽象行为。 2：“The park is full of the ______ (laugh) of children.” 根据“of children”及“充满”的语境，需填入“laugh”的名词复数形式“laughs”，表示“笑声阵阵”。 · 解题关键：紧盯空格前后的限定修饰成分和动词搭配，并思考该名词在文中扮演的具体角色。 2. 动词考点：形式服务于语义与逻辑 动词是考查的难点与重点，其形式变化直接承载着时间顺序、逻辑关系和作者意图。 · 命题特点： 时态与语态：紧密结合上下文的时间线和主被动关系，常需通过分析前后句甚至段落的时间状语和逻辑主语来判断。 非谓语动词：重点考查其作状语（表原因、结果、伴随）、定语或宾语补足语的功能区分，关键在于判断其与句子主语的逻辑关系（主动用doing/to do，被动用done）。 · 示例： 1：“My teacher encouraged me ______ (not give up) and try again.” 动词“encourage”的固定搭配为“encourage sb. to do sth.”，且否定置于不定式前，故填“not to give up”。 · 解题关键：遵循“先判功能（谓语/非谓语），再析关系（主被动/时间），后定形式”的解题路径。 3. 形容词/副词考点：修饰效果与词性转换 该考点侧重词汇的语法功能与情感表达作用。 · 命题特点： 词性转换与派生：根据句子成分需要，将括号内提供的名词或动词转化为形容词或副词，这是基础而高频的考点。 比较等级：在含有明确或隐含比较的语境中，正确使用比较级或最高级。 词义辨析：在语境中区分意义相近的形容词或副词（如“quick”与“soon”，“very”与“much”）。 · 示例： 1：“The story is so ______ (move) that almost everyone cried.” 此处需用形容词作表语，修饰“story”，故将“move”转化为“moving”（令人感动的）。 2：“Of all the students, she works the ______ (hard).” 由“Of all”这一最高级范围提示，需将“hard”变为最高级“hardest”。 · 解题关键：首先判断空格处是修饰名词（用形容词）还是修饰动词、形容词或整个句子（用副词）。其次，敏锐捕捉比较的信号词。 命题预测及备考建议 命题预测： 1. 语境深度化：题目设置将更紧密地嵌入语篇脉络。一个动词的时态可能由前一段的叙事时间决定；一个形容词的选择可能需呼应全文的情感基调。 2. 考点融合化：单题考查将更具综合性。例如，考查一个动词时，可能同时涉及时态（语义需要）、主谓一致（形式需要）和固定搭配。 3. 价值导向化：选材将持续关注中华文化、科技创新、品格养成等主题，使得正确填写词汇的过程，本身就成为理解文本价值内涵的过程。 精准备考建议： 针对实词考点，建议进行“三步走”的针对性训练： · 第一步：根基强化——构建“词汇网络” 对于名词：建立“主题词库”，并按“可数/不可数”、“单数/复数常用场景”进行分类记忆。特别关注抽象名词的具体化用法。 对于动词：以高频动词（如do, make, take, get）为核心，系统梳理其时态变化不规则形式、常用语态及核心的动词短语搭配。 对于形容词/副词：成对记忆形容词和其副词形式（如careful-carefully），并整理常见比较级、最高级的不规则变化。 · 第二步：能力进阶——培养“语境意识” 推行“句群分析”练习：不要孤立地看带空格的句子。强迫自己至少阅读并理解包含空格在内的前后三句话，画出其中的时间线、逻辑连接词和指代关系，再判断答案。 实施“选项语义逻辑检验”：填空后，问自己：“这个词为什么在这里是唯一合适的？另外的词为什么在意思上或逻辑上行不通？” · 第三步：思维升华——进行“语篇复盘” 坚持“整体代入通读法”：完成所有题目后，务必将答案代入全文，从头至尾流畅地朗读一遍。任何在语感上感到拗口、逻辑上感到跳跃的地方，都可能是错误的信号。这是检验语篇层面答案合理性的终极手段。 开展“考点自我命题”：选取一篇优质短文，尝试自己挖空设题（重点针对实词），并说明考查点和设置干扰项的理由。这个过程能极大提升对命题逻辑和解题关键的洞察力。 考点一 题型破解 一、题型特点 实词（名词、动词、形容词/副词）的考查虽切入点不同，但共享以下核心特征，标志着对词汇在语境中动态运用能力的最高要求： 1. 考查本质：语境中的精准匹配与逻辑自洽 对三大实词的考查，均已超越对词汇静态含义或语法规则的孤立检测。其本质是要求学生在完整的语篇逻辑流中，为每个空白处寻找到在词义、语法形式和逻辑关系上唯一正确的词语。这要求学生像“语言侦探”一样，依据上下文提供的线索，进行精准的推理和匹配，确保每个词都完美嵌入文章的意群之中。 2. 思维过程：从语篇到句子的分层推理 解题是一个 “自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的综合判断过程。学生必须先 “俯视”语篇，把握主旨、情感基调和叙事/论述脉络（这对确定名词的范畴、动词的时态基调、形容词的情感色彩至关重要）；然后 “聚焦”局部，分析句子结构、成分关系和具体搭配，最终确定词汇的具体形式和词义选择。 3. 答案特征：语境中的“唯一最优解” 正确答案通常具有 “不可替代性” 。它不仅是语法正确的，更是在当前特定上下文中，在词义精确度、逻辑连贯性和表达地道性上都达到最优的选项。一个名词的单复数、一个动词的时态、一个形容词的词性，往往都是被深层语境逻辑锁定的唯一形式。 4. 与“语法填空”旧模式的核心差异 VS 传统语法填空：传统题型侧重于考查语言系统的形式规则本身（如“第三人称单数要加-s”，“过去时用-ed”），解题依赖对规则的识别和记忆，语境往往只是提供规则的“触发场景”。 新选词填空：侧重于考查为表达特定意义而选择并运用规则的能力。语境从“背景”上升为“决定因素”。学生需要判断“此处为什么必须用过去完成时而非一般过去时”（因为要体现动作的先后），而不仅仅是“此处该用过去时”。 二、解题要点 面对一篇附有10个备选词的完形填空，高效的解题并非见招拆招，而是执行一套环环相扣的系统化流程。其核心在于：像处理一个动态拼图一样，将“词库”资源与“语篇”需求进行精准匹配与重塑。以下是基于实词考法的四大步骤要点。 第一步：预处理——扫描“零件库”，规划“施工图” 在阅读文章前，首先处理给定的10个单词词库。此步骤的目标是预判与标记，为后续解题做好战略准备。 1. 词性分类与标记： 快速在词旁或草稿上标注词性（n., v., adj., adv. 等），形成清晰的“资源面板”。 关键动作：特别圈出动词原形，并在心中快速预演其核心变形（如 see → saw, seen; write → wrote, written; make → made）。同时，注意那些自带比较级/最高级潜质的形容词（如 big, happy, good）和有复数变化可能的名词。 2. 建立解题预期： 明确知道：大部分所给单词不能直接以原形填入。题目设计意图就是考查你根据语境对词汇进行形态加工的能力。带着“变形是常态”的预期进入阅读。 第二步：首轮破局——锁定“地标”，搭建框架 第一遍阅读语篇时，不要试图填完所有空。目标应是理解主旨，并攻克最具确定性的空位，为全文建立几个稳固的“锚点”。 1. 理解主旨，确定基调： 快速通读，抓住文章谈论的核心事件、话题或观点。明确基本时态（是过去的故事还是普遍的现状？）和情感色彩。 2. 专攻“信号明确”的简单空： 寻找那些带有强烈语法信号词的空格，它们往往是突破口。例如： 空格前为 a/an/the, this, that, my, some, many → 极大可能需要名词。立即去词库匹配，并根据信号决定单复数。 空格位于明显缺谓语动词的位置（主语后无动词）→ 确定为谓语，联系上下文时态和语态，从词库选择动词并变形。 空格前有 more, the most, than, very 或后有 than → 指向形容词/副词的比较级、最高级或原级。 每确定一个答案，立即在词库中划掉所用单词的原形。这能直观地缩小后续选择范围，是解题的关键技巧。 第三步：纵深推进——逻辑推理，解决“战役” 利用已填的“锚点”和已缩小的词库范围，解决剩余的空格。此阶段需要更精细的上下文逻辑分析。 1. 依托“锚点”，瞻前顾后： 对于每个未填的空，必须阅读其所在句的上一句和下一句，理解此处的逻辑关系（因果、转折、递进、举例）。 实词的选择必须服务于此逻辑。例如，一个动词的过去完成时（had done）可能暗示其动作发生在已叙述的某个过去事件之前；一个转折连词后的形容词，情感色彩可能发生反转。 2. 实词解题核心心法： 遇到名词：问自己“这里具体指代什么？是前文提到的哪一个事物？数量概念是单是复？” 遇到动词：执行“三部曲”判断：①是谓语还是非谓语？②若是谓语：什么时态（看时间线）？什么语态（主被动）？③若是非谓语：与主语什么关系（主动用-ing/to do，被动用-ed）？起什么作用（目的、结果、伴随）？ 遇到形容词/副词：执行“两步走”：①修饰什么？（修饰名词/代词用形容词；修饰动词/形容词/句子用副词）②需要比较吗？（看有无比较信号或隐含的对比语境）。 3. 利用排除法攻坚： 当词库中剩余选项只剩2-3个时，可以将它们各自的可能形式逐一尝试代入。哪个能使句意通顺、逻辑连贯，且与全文主旨不冲突，即为答案。 第四步：终局审查——整体验证，确保“竣工” 所有空填完后，必须进行终审，这是避免低级错误、确保高分的最后保障。 1. 语篇整体通读： 将所有答案（注意是变形后的形式）代入原文，完整、流畅地朗读一遍。完全依靠语感，检查是否有任何地方在意思或节奏上“卡顿”。语感是检验答案合理性的终极标尺。 2. 词库与形式终审： 核查词库：确认剩余未用单词确实没有合理位置，它们通常是干扰项。 聚焦形态细节：逐一检查：名词复数 -s/-es 加对了吗？动词过去式 -ed、过去分词拼写正确吗（尤其是不规则变化）？形容词变副词时 -ly 加了吗？比较级 -er、最高级 -est 使用得当吗？ 检查一致性：全文的基本时态是否因你的动词选择而保持了一致？主题线索是否清晰？ 考点二 解题要点 一、名词 一、解题核心 在完整的语篇情境中，为特定空位锁定一个所指明确、逻辑匹配的实体或概念，并确保其语法形式（主要是单复数） 与上下文的限定和陈述完全一致。其本质是完成从“抽象词库”到“具体指代”的精准定位与塑造。 二、解题步骤 1. 定范畴，明所指：阅读空格所在句及前后文，确定此处需要填入的事物或概念是什么（是人、物、地点还是抽象概念？），并寻找上下文中是否有明确的指代线索。 2. 筛词库，选匹配：从所给词库中，筛选出在语义上符合该所指范畴的名词。若词库中无可直接匹配的名词，需考虑是否需将所给动词、形容词进行词性转换（如 invite → invitation）。 3. 审形式，判单复：观察空格前的冠词（a/an/the）、指示代词（this/these）、数词或谓语动词等，决定填入名词的单数或复数形式。确保形式与语境逻辑自洽。 三、解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项/陷阱 指代清晰原则 正确名词必须使所在句的指代对象明确，且与上下文提及的人、事、物形成逻辑关联。 问自己：“这个空具体指的是前文或后文提到的哪个东西？填入后，读者能清晰理解所指吗？” 指代模糊：选项词义过于宽泛或与上下文具体对象无法建立清晰联系。 逻辑匹配原则 名词的选择必须符合该处的动作逻辑（动宾搭配）或描述逻辑（修饰关系）。 分析空格前后与之搭配的动词或形容词，验证所选名词是否能构成地道的、符合文意的搭配。 搭配不当：名词与前面的动词或形容词在常用搭配或语义逻辑上不成立。 形式服从原则 名词的单复数形式必须由语境中的显性（如many）或隐性（如整体叙述）数量逻辑决定。 严格寻找决定单复数的“信号词”，无信号时，根据语境隐含的数量概念判断。 单复数误判：忽视关键的数量限定词，或对不可数名词错误加复数。 【典例1-1】 friend achievement library danger pride hope Last year, I joined a reading club at the local __1____. At first, I was shy and didn’t know how to make ____2__. But with time, I found that sharing books opened up new worlds. One day, we read a story about a climber who faced great ____3__ but never gave up. This story made me feel ___4___ and courageous. Later, I even helped organize a book sale, which was a big __5____ for me. Looking back, I feel ___6___ of what I have done. 【答案】 library friends danger hopeful achievement proud 【解析】 1. library解析：空格前有the local修饰，表示“当地的……”。根据常识，阅读俱乐部通常在“图书馆”举行。library（图书馆）为可数名词单数，符合语境。 2.friends解析：make friends是固定搭配，意为“交朋友”。根据句意“我很害羞，不知道如何______”，且朋友通常不止一个，故用复数形式friends。 3.danger解析：空格前有great修饰，后无复数形式提示。danger（危险）为不可数名词，此处用原形，face great danger意为“面对巨大的危险”。 4.hopeful解析：空格位于feel之后，and courageous之前。feel是系动词，后需接形容词构成系表结构。courageous是形容词，因此空格处也需形容词。将名词hope（希望）变为形容词hopeful（充满希望的），使句意通顺。 5. achievement解析：空格前有a big修饰，后无复数提示。achievement（成就）为可数名词，此处用单数形式，a big achievement意为“一项巨大的成就”。 6. proud解析：空格位于feel之后，of what I have done之前。feel是系动词，后需接形容词。be/feel proud of是固定搭配，意为“为……感到自豪”。因此需将名词pride（自豪）变为形容词proud。 【迁移运用1-1】 luck wonder volunteer sense stomach tradition smoke Our town’s annual Spring Fair is a ___1___ (tradition) event that everyone looks forward to. This year, I decided to contribute by joining the ___2___ (volunteer) team. On the opening day, we were ___3___ (luck) to have perfect sunny weather. My first task was to help at the food stalls, but the spicy local dishes were so popular that later, I heard several visitors complain about ___4___ (stomach). In the evening, the large bonfire in the square began to __5____ (smoke) heavily when damp wood was added, causing some coughing. Despite these small issues, there was a warm _____6_ (sense) of community throughout the fair. Overall, it was another __7___ (wonder) celebration that brought us all together. 二、动词 一、解题核心 判断动词在句子中的语法功能（谓语/非谓语），并为其选择唯一正确的形态变化，以精准表达动作发生的时间、状态（时态）、主被动关系（语态） 以及与其他句子成分的逻辑关系。 二、解题步骤 1. 判功能：分析句子结构，确定空格处动词是充当谓语动词（句子主干），还是非谓语动词（作状语、定语、补语等）。 2. 定形态： 若为谓语：结合上下文时间线、状语及主从句时态配合，确定时态；分析主语与动词的关系，确定语态（主动/被动）。 若为非谓语：分析其与句子主语的逻辑关系（主动/被动），及其在句中的功能（表目的、结果、伴随、修饰等），确定用to do, doing还是done形式。 3. 验一致：将变形后的动词代入，检查主谓是否一致，句意是否通顺，逻辑是否连贯。 三、解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项/陷阱 时态语境一致原则 动词的时态必须与语境设定的时间背景及句中的时间状语完全匹配。 绘制简单的时间轴，明确动作的先后、持续或完成关系。尤其关注by the time, since等关键词。 时态链断裂：所选时态与全文基本时态或相邻句时态冲突，造成时间线混乱。 主被动逻辑原则 动词的主动或被动形式，取决于主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。 对长难句进行“谁对谁做了什么”的解剖，切勿仅凭中文语感判断。 语态误判：在隐含被动或抽象主语的句子中，错误使用主动语态。 非谓语功能区分原则 to do, doing, done三种非谓语形式各有其核心语法功能和表意侧重。 牢记：to do常表目的/将来；doing表主动/进行/状态；done表被动/完成。根据空格所需功能选择。 非谓语混用：最常见的是混淆to do（表目的）和doing（表伴随或原因）。 【典例2-1】 explore enter change pull climb stand wake avoid An Unforgettable Camping Trip Last summer, my friends and I made an exciting plan ____1__ (explore) a national park. At dawn, just as we ___2___ (enter) the park, we realized that our route ___3___ (change) by the rangers due to heavy rain. Undeterred, we started ____4__ (climb) a different trail. Suddenly, we saw a large rock that had been ___5___ (pull) onto the path by a landslide. We stopped, __6____ (stand) still to assess the danger. The unexpected challenge left us completely ____7__ (wake) and alert. Careful planning and ___8___ (avoid) of risky shortcuts finally led us to a safe and beautiful campsite. This trip taught us a valuable lesson about respecting nature. 【答案】 1． to explore 2.were entering 3. had been changed 4. climbing 5. pulled 6. standing 7. awake 8. avoidance 【解析】1. to explore解析：空格位于名词plan之后。plan后常接不定式作定语，表示“做某事的计划”。因此，将动词explore变为不定式to explore。 2. were entering解析：空格位于as引导的时间状语从句中，表示“正当……时”，强调动作正在进行。主句谓语realized为一般过去时，因此从句用过去进行时were entering（主语we为复数）。 3.had been changed解析：动词change与主语route构成被动关系（路线被改变），且动作发生在主句谓语realized（意识到）之前，表示“过去的过去”，因此需用过去完成时的被动语态had been changed。 4. climbing解析：start后既可接不定式也可接动名词。接动名词climbing时，更强调开始并继续这个“攀登”的过程或活动，符合此处语境。 5. pulled解析：动词pull与所修饰的名词rock构成被动关系（石头被拉到小径上）。过去分词pulled在此作后置定语，相当于that had been pulled。 6. standing解析：动词stand的逻辑主语是we，构成主动关系。现在分词短语standing still在此作伴随状语，描述“我们停下”时的伴随状态。 7. awake解析：空格位于系动词left（使…处于某种状态）后，作宾语us的补足语，需用形容词。动词wake的形容词形式为awake（醒着的），awake是固定短语，意为“完全清醒的”。 8. avoidance解析：空格与planning由and连接，作介词by的并列宾语，因此需用名词形式。动词avoid的名词形式为avoidance（避免）。 【迁移运用2-1】 choose arrive find pick fill work inspire protect A Community Clean-up Day Last Saturday, our school ___1___ (choose) to participate in a community clean-up event. Early in the morning, we __2____ (arrive) at the park, only to __3____ (find) it littered with trash. Without delay, we started ___4___ (pick) up plastic bottles and cans. Soon, our bags ____5__ (fill) with garbage and we continued ___6___ (work) hard under the sun. The sight of the clean park was __7____ (inspire) to all of us. This activity strengthened our awareness of environmental ___8___ (protect). 三、形容词&副词 一、解题核心 首先精准判断空格处所需的词性（修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词/形容词/全句用副词），进而根据语境判断是否需要使用比较级或最高级，最终选出在语义和情感色彩上最贴切的词语。 二、解题步骤 1. 辨成分，定词性：分析句子成分。若空格修饰名词或作表语，填形容词；若修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，填副词。注意词库中所给词可能需要词性转换。 2. 看信号，比等级：寻找句中或上下文中是否有比较信号词（如than, of the two）或最高级范围词（如of all, in the world），决定用原级、比较级还是最高级。 3. 品语义，合文意：从词库筛选出的备选形容词/副词中，选择那个最符合该处语境情感、程度和文体风格的词。 三、解题原则 原则 名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项/陷阱 词性功能匹配原则 形容词和副词有严格的语法分工，不可互换使用。 进行“删除法”测试：如果空格处去掉后，被修饰的核心名词或动词含义依然完整，通常需用副词；若核心含义受损，则需用形容词。 词性混淆：最常见错误，尤其是在-ly结尾的副词与形容词之间误选（如quick vs quickly）。 比较逻辑得当原则 比较级和最高级的使用必须得到明确的比较对象或范围的支持。 严格寻找比较的“另一方”或“范围”。无明确比较时，慎用比较级/最高级。 等级滥用：在没有比较或范围限定的语境中，错误使用比较级或最高级。 语义精准原则 在词性、等级都正确的基础上，所选形容词/副词必须在语义细微差别和情感色彩上最贴合语境。 对比近义词选项（如big/large, happy/glad），思考哪一个更精准、更地道、更符合作者此处想表达的微妙含义。 词义泛化：所选词大方向正确，但精准度不足，或情感色彩（褒/贬/中性）与语境不符。 【典例3-1】 happy fast clear good The library in our neighborhood used to be small and old. After the renovation, it has become a much __1____ (happy) place for everyone. The new computers work ___2___ (fast) than the old ones, so we can find information much more easily. Now, with everything organized so ____3__ (clear), it’s easy to find the books we need. This is probably the ___4___ (good) change that has happened in our community this year. The librarians also serve us very well, always with a smile. 【答案】 1. happier 2. faster 3. clearly 4. best 【解析】1. happier解析：空格前有much修饰，much常用来加强比较级。根据句意“改造后，图书馆变成了一个更让人快乐的地方”，需要happy的比较级happier。 2. faster解析：空格后有than，明确提示比较级。fast的比较级为faster。 3. clearly解析：空格位于so之后，修饰动词organized（被组织）。修饰动词需用副词，因此将形容词clear变为副词clearly。 4. best解析：空格前有定冠词the，且句意“这可能是今年我们社区发生的______改变”暗示在特定范围（今年社区的所有改变中）内进行比较，需用最高级。good的最高级为best。 【迁移运用3-1】 happy careful clear bad good fast Yesterday, our team had a soccer game. We played __1____ (good) in the first half. Our goalkeeper was __2____ (careful) than ever. In the second half, the other team played __3____ (bad) and made many mistakes. We scored __4____ (fast) than before. After winning, we all felt ___5___ (happy). Our coach said it was the ___6___ (clear) victory we had ever had. Passage 1 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 to   good   call   make   the   student   or   different   bad   himself A survey in an American middle school tells us about how people think about life. At the beginning, two researchers showed two hundred 1 half a glass of water. Then they asked students whether the glass was half-full 2 half-empty. 70% saw it as half-full, 30% saw it as half-empty. The result expresses two 3 attitudes (态度) towards life—positive and negative. People who see the glass as half-full, such as Mike, are likely to look on the bright side of life. For example, though Mike was late for class, he avoided 4 excuses and told his teacher the truth honestly. And he even smiled to say sorry for being late. Then, he enjoyed 5 the whole morning. Instead, he saw it as a chance to experience something new. On 6 other hand, those who see the glass as half-empty, like Kate, often expect bad things to happen. When Kate missed her school bus, she felt nervous about running to school. She hurt her legs 7 and she also missed the presentation. She 8 it a bad day. This survey tells us that it’s important to see the glass as half-full. Life isn’t always easy, so we should pay more attention 9 the positive. If we do so, we’ll experience more joy and have a 10 mind. So, let’s follow Mike’s example and try to be more positive in our daily life. Passage 2 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 dry  snow  first  cold  eat  healthy  spirit  before  southern  friend The traditional Chinese year has 24 solar terms (节气). Major Snow is the 21st term. During this time, it 1 more heavily and the snow remains on the ground. The weather gets much colder, and there are some special customs! Lamb is always 2 during Major Snow. It can keep people warm and 3 . In Chongqing, families and 4 like to have lamb soup together. In Nanjing, people cook lamb with sweet potatoes or red dates to make it healthier. In 5 cities like Nanjing and Hangzhou, people make pork sausages for the Spring Festival. They use fresh pork and 6 them in a cool and windy place. After about a week, the sausages are ready to eat. People boil or fry them 7 before eating. Warm porridge warms up the body on 8 days. On the first day of Major Snow, many people have red bean porridge. 9 the lunar (农历的) New Year, people eat “eight-treasure porridge.” There is also porridge with wheat, sesame (芝麻) seeds, or walnuts (核桃). From warming foods to festive preparations, these traditions truly represent the warm and joyful 10 of Major Snow. They are perfect examples of how Chinese culture follows the seasons to stay healthy. Passage 3 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 Afford  area  easily  ecosystem  find  harm  they  ugly  when  without Vultures (秃鹫) feed on dead animals. Adult vultures have wings that can be three meters long and their bodies can grow up to one meter long. Some people think they’re 1 because they have bald (光秃的) heads. Their bald heads help keep them cleaner 2 eating dead animals. They also help them stay cool in hot weather. Their stomach acid (胃酸) is very strong, allowing 3 to safely eat rotten (腐烂的) meat. Flies, mice and dogs can feed on rotten meat, too. But they are often 4 in human homes, so if they eat rotten meat, illness can spread 5 . However, vultures protect human health by eating dead animals to stop the spread of illness. It is a very valuable service. Sadly, since the 1990s, the number of vultures has dropped in some 6 . And one of the key reasons is that farmers use certain medicines to help their animals, but these medicines are 7 to vultures. When vultures eat the bodies of those animals, they get poisoned (中毒的) and die. That means the number of vultures is dropping and an important part of the earth’s 8 is missing. Dead animals are left to rot, or are eaten by mice and wild dogs, rather than being cleaned up by vultures. Vultures are of great value to humans. 9 them, the risk of illness would be much greater than we thought. We should take action to save vultures, because we cannot 10 the bad results of losing them. Passage 4 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 admire, with, fill, popular, because, celebration, community, take, start, buy Millions of people in East and Southeast Asia celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. The event is a 1 of the full moon and the autumn harvest (收获). It falls on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. It is believed that the Mid-Autumn Festival 2 more than 2,000 years ago. At that time, Chinese emperors would pray (祈祷) to the Moon for a good harvest and celebrate 3 a big meal. Today, the event brings friends and families together to 4 the full moon and share special food. In China, one of the most 5 foods is mooncakes. Modern mooncakes can be 6 with ice cream, chocolate or fruit. People also make colourful lanterns to decorate streets. Festival traditions are different in different places. In Vietnam, the Mid-Autumn Festival is considered as “children’s day” 7 the children enjoy themselves most during the festival. They expect their parents 8 them new toys, such as dragon heads, lanterns, drums, and masks. In Japan, people eat rice balls called “tsukimi dango” which means “Moon viewing”. The festival is also marked by many Asian 9 all over the world. In Birmingham, England, a street festival often 10 place with dancing, face painting and lantern making. Passage 5 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 wish  strong  shake  instead  how  with  call  hero  you  friend In many places, people shake hands or hug to say hello. But in China, we have a very cool and special way to greet people. It is 1 the “Baoquan”. This gesture (姿势) looks like kung fu, right? That is because kung fu 2 often use it! But common people use it too, especially during the Chinese New Year or at weddings (婚礼) to show respect and 3 others good luck. Here is 4 you do it: First, make a fist (拳头) 5 your right hand. Your fist stands for strength. Next, cover 6 right fist with your open left palm (手掌). Your palm stands for 7 and peace. Finally, hold your hands in front of your chest and give a little bow. When you do this, it means: “I am 8 , but I am also friendly and peaceful.” It is a way of saying, “I respect you.” So, next time you meet a Chinese friend, you don’t have to 9 hands. You can try the “Baoquan” 10 . It is a fun way to say hello without even touching! Let’s try it together. Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 so   hold   like   the   them   price   cool   save   which   quick The 15th Airshow in Zhuhai from Nov. 12 to 17 has drawn people’s attention from all over the world. It is 1 every two years in this beautiful seaside city. People can see 2 latest airplanes and space technology here. One of the 3 parts was the drone show. What are drones? They are small flying machines. Without pilots, they can be controlled from the ground. People use 4 to make colorful shows in the sky at special events or during festivals. The drones fly in groups and make different shapes, 5 hearts, words, people or even buildings. These shows are getting more and more popular at home and abroad now. Sometimes people use drones for aerial (航空的) photography. They can move freely in the sky, 6 we can take beautiful pictures and videos easily of busy cities and wonderful nature. Besides, drones are changing the way of delivery. They can avoid traffic jams on the ground and fly in the sky to deliver packages 7 enough. What’s more, when natural disasters happen, such as an earthquake or flood, they can reach areas 8 are difficult for people to get to. They can take clear pictures and collect useful information to 9 people in time. Now, many foreign people prefer to buy drones made in China because they have high quality and are sold at very good 10 . More and more people are curious about this technology and want to explore more about drones. Passage 7 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 member  darker  only  name  leaf  one  slowly  discovered  important  changes As spring arrives, it’s time to enjoy this year’s fresh tea. Among all kinds of green teas, there is an unusual 1 called Anji white tea. But in fact, it is not a 2 of the white tea family. It's uncommon and expensive, and has a short picking period— 3 one month. The reason why Anji white tea gets its 4 is mainly because of the place where it’s grown. It’s also known as “White Leaf  No.1” This tea is special. The color of its tea buds (茶芽) 5 with the temperature. In early spring, when the temperature is low, the young leaves grow 6 . Both the buds and the 7 turn from light green to a nude-like white. As the temperature goes up, the leaves’ color becomes even 8 little by little, finally turning green. Anji white tea was first produced in Anji County, Zhejiang Province in eastern China. It was 9 in the 1980s. Anji white tea is famous for plenty of theanine and amino acids (茶氨酸与氨基酸)—these are very 10 for our body to work well, which play a key role in keeping the heart healthy. Passage 8 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 have, which, who, the, show, many, between, scientific, fail, three Young people must take care of their teeth if they are to avoid (避免) heart problems in their later life, the British Dental Health Foundation has warned (警告). A UK health study 1 that young adults who have tooth disease are more likely to die of heart disease in their later life. The study followed 2 than 12,000 UK adults for 57 years, and found that those with more missing teeth were one 3 more likely to die of heart disease than those with fewer teeth missing. Dr. Nigel Carter of the British Dental Health Foundation said, “A person’s oral (口腔) health has a major effect on the rest of the body.” “People need to choose a good oral healthcare habit for the good of 4 whole body as well as their mouth, including brushing twice a day, cutting down the amount of sweet foods and visiting the dentist regularly. Cleaning 5 the teeth is also important.” 6 believe that the bacteria (细菌) in the mouth that cause tooth decay (腐烂) and gum (牙龈) disease may enter the bloodstream and hurt the blood vessels (血管), 7 cause inflammation (炎症) in the body which leads to heart disease. “This study shows that 8 to take care of your teeth from a young age can lead to far bigger problems later in life.” “Anyone 9 is concerned about his oral health should ask his dentist for advice, and be careful 10 a good oral healthcare habit on a day-to-day basis.” Passage 9 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 develop   hold   proud   I   avoid   six   speech   best   divide   final Our school life is really colorful. Last week, our school 1 a speech competition. It was a big success. My group members and I like giving 2 in public. So we all took part in it. The competitors were 3 into six groups. Each group had a different topic to 4 repeating. Topics were given widely, from environmental protection to personal 5 . I was in the 6 group. My topic was about how to solve problems at school. I tried my 7 , but I still failed. But it was meaningful to me because I learnt a lot from others. A friend of 8 expressed his ideas about friendship. His speech was much livelier than that of other competitors and had a great influence on many listeners. 9 , he won first place in his group. We were all 10 of his achievement (成就). This competition showed us that success is not only about winning, but also about personal growth and influencing others. Because of this experience, our class is getting more united and working for greater achievements. Passage 10 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 but  proud  how  away  wire  dusty  work  connect    repair  patient I was cleaning the attic (阁楼) when I found my grandfather’s old radio. It was 1 and broken. I thought it was just a piece of junk and was about to throw it 2 when Grandfather saw it and stopped me. “This old friend holds many stories,” he said. He decided we should 3 it together. I was doubtful at first, 4 finally I agreed to try. The repair process was a long one. Grandfather didn’t rush. He 5 showed me how to open the back and check the parts inside. We found that a few 6 were broken. “This is what we need to fix,” he explained, pointing at them. We went to the market to buy new wires. As we 7 on reconnecting them, Grandfather told me 8 dear this radio was to him during his youth, bringing him news and music. After a few hours, everything was 9 . I held my breath as Grandfather turned the knob. A clear voice filled the room! We were successful! I wasn’t just happy that we had fixed the radio; I was 10 that we had saved a piece of our family history. Passage 11 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。  become  connect  convenient  expression happy  hear  however  talent  they  with Before learning to paint in primary school, Li Mei always felt lonely in a silent world. She knew she was different from her classmates because she could not 1 . But a painting class opened a door to creativity and a way of 2 for her. To develop her 3 in art, Li went to study at Changsha Vocational and Technical School. There she met a boy named Hu Shiqun who 4 her husband later. Hu is also an art lover. Li worked in an office after leaving college. In most people’s opinions, the job was pretty good. 5 , she was not happy. In 2016, at her husband’s suggestion, Li gave up the job and 6 joined his company to be a wall painter. All the five painters in Hu’s company have trouble hearing. So far, the couple has created beautiful and interesting paintings in many parks and famous places in Hunan. For Li, 7 creations can bring art closer to people, and behind each painting, there is a humorous soul (灵魂), who wishes to 8 with the world. “Life can be difficult for the people like us. So my husband and I want to introduce painting to them and help them find their own way to make a living. It’s not 9 for people to communicate with the persons with hearing problems. I hope that people can be patient 10 us,” Li said. Passage 12 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 how  much  for  the  job  and  set  they  interest  know  what  but Over the past twenty years, China has become stronger and stronger. Many foreigners want to do business with Chinese people now. Learning our language helps them a lot. The Confucius Institute provides a place 1 them to learn Chinese language and culture. As the world is crazy about China, more and more foreigners are 2 in our language and culture. To meet their needs, the first Confucius Institute was 3 up in South Korea in 2004. Now the Confucius Institute is all around the world. There are 4 than 1,000 classrooms in 140 countries and areas, with over 2 million students. People all over the world want to study Chinese. 5 it’s not easy to study the language. The foreigners who like Chinese practise it so hard. They learn 6 to pronounce and write, even use chopsticks. A big competition is held for foreigners. By taking part in 7 competition they can show themselves. When we watch the show, we are amazed at their Chinese and admire 8 very much. Some foreigners not only speak Chinese well, but also 9 a lot about Chinese culture. The Confucius Institute does a good 10 in spreading Chinese language and culture to the world. Today, the world is learning Chinese. 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题15 选词填空（实词考点） 目录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 4 03·题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 6 一、题型特点 6 二、解题要点 7 考点二 解题要点 9 一、名词 9 二、动词 11 三、形容词&副词 14 04·优题精选·练能提分 16 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 知识运用之选词填空 □选择题 ☑非选择题 2026中考英语新题型 考情分析 2026年湖南中考英语将原有的“语法填空”题型明确调整为“选词填空”。这一变化并非简单的名称替换，而是标志着考查理念的深刻转变：从对孤立、静态的语法规则的验证，转向对词汇在具体语境和完整语篇中动态运用能力的考察。这一转向完全契合新课标“在主题意义探究中学习和使用语言”的核心思想，并直接服务于语言能力、思维品质等核心素养的培育。 【题型定位对比：选词填空 vs. 传统语法填空】 · 传统语法填空：侧重考查学生对语法体系本身（如时态规则、从句引导词、冠词用法）的记忆与辨识，题目往往在单句层面即可解决，语境依赖相对较弱。 · 新选词填空：侧重考查学生对词汇的语境化运用能力。它要求学生如同一个“语言建筑师”，根据文章的整体语义、逻辑脉络和情感色彩，为空白处选择并塑造（如变形）一个最恰当的词语（主要是实词）。其答案往往是形式（语法正确）与意义（贴合文意）的高度统一，对语篇理解深度要求更高。 考情分析：近三年（2023-2025）湖南中考语法填空实词考点深度解读 近三年真题显示，对名词、动词、形容词/副词的考查构成了该题型的绝对主体。命题已形成“语境决定词义，逻辑决定形式”的鲜明特点。 1. 名词考点：语境定指与逻辑匹配 名词的考查核心已超越简单识别，进阶到在具体上下文中确定其特指含义和正确形式。 · 命题特点： 单复数判断：不再机械考查规则，而是依据语境中的数量提示（如冠词、数词、指示代词）或隐含的集体概念来决定。 词义精准选择：在给定的多个可能的名词中，只有最符合该处情境和主题的才是正确答案。 · 示例： 1：在一篇关于团队合作的短文中，“We need everyone's ______ (contribute) to finish the project.” 此处需根据“everyone's”所有格及句意，将“contribute”转化为名词“contribution”，且为不可数形式，强调“贡献”这一抽象行为。 2：“The park is full of the ______ (laugh) of children.” 根据“of children”及“充满”的语境，需填入“laugh”的名词复数形式“laughs”，表示“笑声阵阵”。 · 解题关键：紧盯空格前后的限定修饰成分和动词搭配，并思考该名词在文中扮演的具体角色。 2. 动词考点：形式服务于语义与逻辑 动词是考查的难点与重点，其形式变化直接承载着时间顺序、逻辑关系和作者意图。 · 命题特点： 时态与语态：紧密结合上下文的时间线和主被动关系，常需通过分析前后句甚至段落的时间状语和逻辑主语来判断。 非谓语动词：重点考查其作状语（表原因、结果、伴随）、定语或宾语补足语的功能区分，关键在于判断其与句子主语的逻辑关系（主动用doing/to do，被动用done）。 · 示例： 1：“My teacher encouraged me ______ (not give up) and try again.” 动词“encourage”的固定搭配为“encourage sb. to do sth.”，且否定置于不定式前，故填“not to give up”。 · 解题关键：遵循“先判功能（谓语/非谓语），再析关系（主被动/时间），后定形式”的解题路径。 3. 形容词/副词考点：修饰效果与词性转换 该考点侧重词汇的语法功能与情感表达作用。 · 命题特点： 词性转换与派生：根据句子成分需要，将括号内提供的名词或动词转化为形容词或副词，这是基础而高频的考点。 比较等级：在含有明确或隐含比较的语境中，正确使用比较级或最高级。 词义辨析：在语境中区分意义相近的形容词或副词（如“quick”与“soon”，“very”与“much”）。 · 示例： 1：“The story is so ______ (move) that almost everyone cried.” 此处需用形容词作表语，修饰“story”，故将“move”转化为“moving”（令人感动的）。 2：“Of all the students, she works the ______ (hard).” 由“Of all”这一最高级范围提示，需将“hard”变为最高级“hardest”。 · 解题关键：首先判断空格处是修饰名词（用形容词）还是修饰动词、形容词或整个句子（用副词）。其次，敏锐捕捉比较的信号词。 命题预测及备考建议 命题预测： 1. 语境深度化：题目设置将更紧密地嵌入语篇脉络。一个动词的时态可能由前一段的叙事时间决定；一个形容词的选择可能需呼应全文的情感基调。 2. 考点融合化：单题考查将更具综合性。例如，考查一个动词时，可能同时涉及时态（语义需要）、主谓一致（形式需要）和固定搭配。 3. 价值导向化：选材将持续关注中华文化、科技创新、品格养成等主题，使得正确填写词汇的过程，本身就成为理解文本价值内涵的过程。 精准备考建议： 针对实词考点，建议进行“三步走”的针对性训练： · 第一步：根基强化——构建“词汇网络” 对于名词：建立“主题词库”，并按“可数/不可数”、“单数/复数常用场景”进行分类记忆。特别关注抽象名词的具体化用法。 对于动词：以高频动词（如do, make, take, get）为核心，系统梳理其时态变化不规则形式、常用语态及核心的动词短语搭配。 对于形容词/副词：成对记忆形容词和其副词形式（如careful-carefully），并整理常见比较级、最高级的不规则变化。 · 第二步：能力进阶——培养“语境意识” 推行“句群分析”练习：不要孤立地看带空格的句子。强迫自己至少阅读并理解包含空格在内的前后三句话，画出其中的时间线、逻辑连接词和指代关系，再判断答案。 实施“选项语义逻辑检验”：填空后，问自己：“这个词为什么在这里是唯一合适的？另外的词为什么在意思上或逻辑上行不通？” · 第三步：思维升华——进行“语篇复盘” 坚持“整体代入通读法”：完成所有题目后，务必将答案代入全文，从头至尾流畅地朗读一遍。任何在语感上感到拗口、逻辑上感到跳跃的地方，都可能是错误的信号。这是检验语篇层面答案合理性的终极手段。 开展“考点自我命题”：选取一篇优质短文，尝试自己挖空设题（重点针对实词），并说明考查点和设置干扰项的理由。这个过程能极大提升对命题逻辑和解题关键的洞察力。 考点一 题型破解 一、题型特点 实词（名词、动词、形容词/副词）的考查虽切入点不同，但共享以下核心特征，标志着对词汇在语境中动态运用能力的最高要求： 1. 考查本质：语境中的精准匹配与逻辑自洽 对三大实词的考查，均已超越对词汇静态含义或语法规则的孤立检测。其本质是要求学生在完整的语篇逻辑流中，为每个空白处寻找到在词义、语法形式和逻辑关系上唯一正确的词语。这要求学生像“语言侦探”一样，依据上下文提供的线索，进行精准的推理和匹配，确保每个词都完美嵌入文章的意群之中。 2. 思维过程：从语篇到句子的分层推理 解题是一个 “自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的综合判断过程。学生必须先 “俯视”语篇，把握主旨、情感基调和叙事/论述脉络（这对确定名词的范畴、动词的时态基调、形容词的情感色彩至关重要）；然后 “聚焦”局部，分析句子结构、成分关系和具体搭配，最终确定词汇的具体形式和词义选择。 3. 答案特征：语境中的“唯一最优解” 正确答案通常具有 “不可替代性” 。它不仅是语法正确的，更是在当前特定上下文中，在词义精确度、逻辑连贯性和表达地道性上都达到最优的选项。一个名词的单复数、一个动词的时态、一个形容词的词性，往往都是被深层语境逻辑锁定的唯一形式。 4. 与“语法填空”旧模式的核心差异 VS 传统语法填空：传统题型侧重于考查语言系统的形式规则本身（如“第三人称单数要加-s”，“过去时用-ed”），解题依赖对规则的识别和记忆，语境往往只是提供规则的“触发场景”。 新选词填空：侧重于考查为表达特定意义而选择并运用规则的能力。语境从“背景”上升为“决定因素”。学生需要判断“此处为什么必须用过去完成时而非一般过去时”（因为要体现动作的先后），而不仅仅是“此处该用过去时”。 二、解题要点 面对一篇附有10个备选词的完形填空，高效的解题并非见招拆招，而是执行一套环环相扣的系统化流程。其核心在于：像处理一个动态拼图一样，将“词库”资源与“语篇”需求进行精准匹配与重塑。以下是基于实词考法的四大步骤要点。 第一步：预处理——扫描“零件库”，规划“施工图” 在阅读文章前，首先处理给定的10个单词词库。此步骤的目标是预判与标记，为后续解题做好战略准备。 1. 词性分类与标记： 快速在词旁或草稿上标注词性（n., v., adj., adv. 等），形成清晰的“资源面板”。 关键动作：特别圈出动词原形，并在心中快速预演其核心变形（如 see → saw, seen; write → wrote, written; make → made）。同时，注意那些自带比较级/最高级潜质的形容词（如 big, happy, good）和有复数变化可能的名词。 2. 建立解题预期： 明确知道：大部分所给单词不能直接以原形填入。题目设计意图就是考查你根据语境对词汇进行形态加工的能力。带着“变形是常态”的预期进入阅读。 第二步：首轮破局——锁定“地标”，搭建框架 第一遍阅读语篇时，不要试图填完所有空。目标应是理解主旨，并攻克最具确定性的空位，为全文建立几个稳固的“锚点”。 1. 理解主旨，确定基调： 快速通读，抓住文章谈论的核心事件、话题或观点。明确基本时态（是过去的故事还是普遍的现状？）和情感色彩。 2. 专攻“信号明确”的简单空： 寻找那些带有强烈语法信号词的空格，它们往往是突破口。例如： 空格前为 a/an/the, this, that, my, some, many → 极大可能需要名词。立即去词库匹配，并根据信号决定单复数。 空格位于明显缺谓语动词的位置（主语后无动词）→ 确定为谓语，联系上下文时态和语态，从词库选择动词并变形。 空格前有 more, the most, than, very 或后有 than → 指向形容词/副词的比较级、最高级或原级。 每确定一个答案，立即在词库中划掉所用单词的原形。这能直观地缩小后续选择范围，是解题的关键技巧。 第三步：纵深推进——逻辑推理，解决“战役” 利用已填的“锚点”和已缩小的词库范围，解决剩余的空格。此阶段需要更精细的上下文逻辑分析。 1. 依托“锚点”，瞻前顾后： 对于每个未填的空，必须阅读其所在句的上一句和下一句，理解此处的逻辑关系（因果、转折、递进、举例）。 实词的选择必须服务于此逻辑。例如，一个动词的过去完成时（had done）可能暗示其动作发生在已叙述的某个过去事件之前；一个转折连词后的形容词，情感色彩可能发生反转。 2. 实词解题核心心法： 遇到名词：问自己“这里具体指代什么？是前文提到的哪一个事物？数量概念是单是复？” 遇到动词：执行“三部曲”判断：①是谓语还是非谓语？②若是谓语：什么时态（看时间线）？什么语态（主被动）？③若是非谓语：与主语什么关系（主动用-ing/to do，被动用-ed）？起什么作用（目的、结果、伴随）？ 遇到形容词/副词：执行“两步走”：①修饰什么？（修饰名词/代词用形容词；修饰动词/形容词/句子用副词）②需要比较吗？（看有无比较信号或隐含的对比语境）。 3. 利用排除法攻坚： 当词库中剩余选项只剩2-3个时，可以将它们各自的可能形式逐一尝试代入。哪个能使句意通顺、逻辑连贯，且与全文主旨不冲突，即为答案。 第四步：终局审查——整体验证，确保“竣工” 所有空填完后，必须进行终审，这是避免低级错误、确保高分的最后保障。 1. 语篇整体通读： 将所有答案（注意是变形后的形式）代入原文，完整、流畅地朗读一遍。完全依靠语感，检查是否有任何地方在意思或节奏上“卡顿”。语感是检验答案合理性的终极标尺。 2. 词库与形式终审： 核查词库：确认剩余未用单词确实没有合理位置，它们通常是干扰项。 聚焦形态细节：逐一检查：名词复数 -s/-es 加对了吗？动词过去式 -ed、过去分词拼写正确吗（尤其是不规则变化）？形容词变副词时 -ly 加了吗？比较级 -er、最高级 -est 使用得当吗？ 检查一致性：全文的基本时态是否因你的动词选择而保持了一致？主题线索是否清晰？ 考点二 解题要点 一、名词 一、解题核心 在完整的语篇情境中，为特定空位锁定一个所指明确、逻辑匹配的实体或概念，并确保其语法形式（主要是单复数） 与上下文的限定和陈述完全一致。其本质是完成从“抽象词库”到“具体指代”的精准定位与塑造。 二、解题步骤 1. 定范畴，明所指：阅读空格所在句及前后文，确定此处需要填入的事物或概念是什么（是人、物、地点还是抽象概念？），并寻找上下文中是否有明确的指代线索。 2. 筛词库，选匹配：从所给词库中，筛选出在语义上符合该所指范畴的名词。若词库中无可直接匹配的名词，需考虑是否需将所给动词、形容词进行词性转换（如 invite → invitation）。 3. 审形式，判单复：观察空格前的冠词（a/an/the）、指示代词（this/these）、数词或谓语动词等，决定填入名词的单数或复数形式。确保形式与语境逻辑自洽。 三、解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项/陷阱 指代清晰原则 正确名词必须使所在句的指代对象明确，且与上下文提及的人、事、物形成逻辑关联。 问自己：“这个空具体指的是前文或后文提到的哪个东西？填入后，读者能清晰理解所指吗？” 指代模糊：选项词义过于宽泛或与上下文具体对象无法建立清晰联系。 逻辑匹配原则 名词的选择必须符合该处的动作逻辑（动宾搭配）或描述逻辑（修饰关系）。 分析空格前后与之搭配的动词或形容词，验证所选名词是否能构成地道的、符合文意的搭配。 搭配不当：名词与前面的动词或形容词在常用搭配或语义逻辑上不成立。 形式服从原则 名词的单复数形式必须由语境中的显性（如many）或隐性（如整体叙述）数量逻辑决定。 严格寻找决定单复数的“信号词”，无信号时，根据语境隐含的数量概念判断。 单复数误判：忽视关键的数量限定词，或对不可数名词错误加复数。 【典例1-1】 friend achievement library danger pride hope Last year, I joined a reading club at the local __1____. At first, I was shy and didn’t know how to make ____2__. But with time, I found that sharing books opened up new worlds. One day, we read a story about a climber who faced great ____3__ but never gave up. This story made me feel ___4___ and courageous. Later, I even helped organize a book sale, which was a big __5____ for me. Looking back, I feel ___6___ of what I have done. 【答案】 library friends danger hopeful achievement proud 【解析】 1. library解析：空格前有the local修饰，表示“当地的……”。根据常识，阅读俱乐部通常在“图书馆”举行。library（图书馆）为可数名词单数，符合语境。 2.friends解析：make friends是固定搭配，意为“交朋友”。根据句意“我很害羞，不知道如何______”，且朋友通常不止一个，故用复数形式friends。 3.danger解析：空格前有great修饰，后无复数形式提示。danger（危险）为不可数名词，此处用原形，face great danger意为“面对巨大的危险”。 4.hopeful解析：空格位于feel之后，and courageous之前。feel是系动词，后需接形容词构成系表结构。courageous是形容词，因此空格处也需形容词。将名词hope（希望）变为形容词hopeful（充满希望的），使句意通顺。 5. achievement解析：空格前有a big修饰，后无复数提示。achievement（成就）为可数名词，此处用单数形式，a big achievement意为“一项巨大的成就”。 6. proud解析：空格位于feel之后，of what I have done之前。feel是系动词，后需接形容词。be/feel proud of是固定搭配，意为“为……感到自豪”。因此需将名词pride（自豪）变为形容词proud。 【迁移运用1-1】 luck wonder volunteer sense stomach tradition smoke Our town’s annual Spring Fair is a ___1___ (tradition) event that everyone looks forward to. This year, I decided to contribute by joining the ___2___ (volunteer) team. On the opening day, we were ___3___ (luck) to have perfect sunny weather. My first task was to help at the food stalls, but the spicy local dishes were so popular that later, I heard several visitors complain about ___4___ (stomach). In the evening, the large bonfire in the square began to __5____ (smoke) heavily when damp wood was added, causing some coughing. Despite these small issues, there was a warm _____6_ (sense) of community throughout the fair. Overall, it was another __7___ (wonder) celebration that brought us all together. 【答案】1. traditional 2. volunteer 3. lucky 4. stomachaches 5. smoke 6. sense 7. wonderful 【解析】1. traditional解析：空格位于冠词a和名词event之间，需要形容词作定语修饰event。将名词tradition（传统）变为形容词traditional（传统的）。 2. volunteer解析：空格后为名词team。在英语中，常用一个名词直接修饰另一个名词，表示类别或用途。volunteer team即“志愿者团队”。此处使用名词原形volunteer作定语。 3.lucky解析：空格位于系动词were之后，构成系表结构，需要形容词作表语描述主语“我们”的状态。将名词luck（运气）变为形容词lucky（幸运的）。 4.stomachaches解析：complain about后接名词。several visitors（几位游客）为复数，且stomachache（胃痛）为可数名词，因此根据主谓一致和语义，需用复数形式stomachaches。 5.smoke解析：空格前为began to，构成begin to do sth.结构，后需接动词原形。smoke可作动词，意为“冒烟”。此处用动词原形smoke。 6.sense解析：a sense of community是固定搭配，意为“社区归属感/共同体意识”。sense在此为可数名词单数。 7.wonderful解析：空格位于冠词another和名词celebration之间，需要形容词修饰celebration。将名词wonder（奇迹）变为形容词wonderful（极好的）。 二、动词 一、解题核心 判断动词在句子中的语法功能（谓语/非谓语），并为其选择唯一正确的形态变化，以精准表达动作发生的时间、状态（时态）、主被动关系（语态） 以及与其他句子成分的逻辑关系。 二、解题步骤 1. 判功能：分析句子结构，确定空格处动词是充当谓语动词（句子主干），还是非谓语动词（作状语、定语、补语等）。 2. 定形态： 若为谓语：结合上下文时间线、状语及主从句时态配合，确定时态；分析主语与动词的关系，确定语态（主动/被动）。 若为非谓语：分析其与句子主语的逻辑关系（主动/被动），及其在句中的功能（表目的、结果、伴随、修饰等），确定用to do, doing还是done形式。 3. 验一致：将变形后的动词代入，检查主谓是否一致，句意是否通顺，逻辑是否连贯。 三、解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项/陷阱 时态语境一致原则 动词的时态必须与语境设定的时间背景及句中的时间状语完全匹配。 绘制简单的时间轴，明确动作的先后、持续或完成关系。尤其关注by the time, since等关键词。 时态链断裂：所选时态与全文基本时态或相邻句时态冲突，造成时间线混乱。 主被动逻辑原则 动词的主动或被动形式，取决于主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。 对长难句进行“谁对谁做了什么”的解剖，切勿仅凭中文语感判断。 语态误判：在隐含被动或抽象主语的句子中，错误使用主动语态。 非谓语功能区分原则 to do, doing, done三种非谓语形式各有其核心语法功能和表意侧重。 牢记：to do常表目的/将来；doing表主动/进行/状态；done表被动/完成。根据空格所需功能选择。 非谓语混用：最常见的是混淆to do（表目的）和doing（表伴随或原因）。 【典例2-1】 explore enter change pull climb stand wake avoid An Unforgettable Camping Trip Last summer, my friends and I made an exciting plan ____1__ (explore) a national park. At dawn, just as we ___2___ (enter) the park, we realized that our route ___3___ (change) by the rangers due to heavy rain. Undeterred, we started ____4__ (climb) a different trail. Suddenly, we saw a large rock that had been ___5___ (pull) onto the path by a landslide. We stopped, __6____ (stand) still to assess the danger. The unexpected challenge left us completely ____7__ (wake) and alert. Careful planning and ___8___ (avoid) of risky shortcuts finally led us to a safe and beautiful campsite. This trip taught us a valuable lesson about respecting nature. 【答案】 1． to explore 2.were entering 3. had been changed 4. climbing 5. pulled 6. standing 7. awake 8. avoidance 【解析】1. to explore解析：空格位于名词plan之后。plan后常接不定式作定语，表示“做某事的计划”。因此，将动词explore变为不定式to explore。 2. were entering解析：空格位于as引导的时间状语从句中，表示“正当……时”，强调动作正在进行。主句谓语realized为一般过去时，因此从句用过去进行时were entering（主语we为复数）。 3.had been changed解析：动词change与主语route构成被动关系（路线被改变），且动作发生在主句谓语realized（意识到）之前，表示“过去的过去”，因此需用过去完成时的被动语态had been changed。 4. climbing解析：start后既可接不定式也可接动名词。接动名词climbing时，更强调开始并继续这个“攀登”的过程或活动，符合此处语境。 5. pulled解析：动词pull与所修饰的名词rock构成被动关系（石头被拉到小径上）。过去分词pulled在此作后置定语，相当于that had been pulled。 6. standing解析：动词stand的逻辑主语是we，构成主动关系。现在分词短语standing still在此作伴随状语，描述“我们停下”时的伴随状态。 7. awake解析：空格位于系动词left（使…处于某种状态）后，作宾语us的补足语，需用形容词。动词wake的形容词形式为awake（醒着的），awake是固定短语，意为“完全清醒的”。 8. avoidance解析：空格与planning由and连接，作介词by的并列宾语，因此需用名词形式。动词avoid的名词形式为avoidance（避免）。 【迁移运用2-1】 choose arrive find pick fill work inspire protect A Community Clean-up Day Last Saturday, our school ___1___ (choose) to participate in a community clean-up event. Early in the morning, we __2____ (arrive) at the park, only to __3____ (find) it littered with trash. Without delay, we started ___4___ (pick) up plastic bottles and cans. Soon, our bags ____5__ (fill) with garbage and we continued ___6___ (work) hard under the sun. The sight of the clean park was __7____ (inspire) to all of us. This activity strengthened our awareness of environmental ___8___ (protect). 【答案】1. was chosen 2. arrived 3. find 4. picking 5.were filled 6.working 7.inspiring 8.protection 【解析】1. was chosen 解析：主语our school与动词choose构成被动关系（学校被选中参加），且事件发生在过去（Last Saturday），故用一般过去时的被动语态was chosen。 2. arrived解析：描述过去发生的动作（到达公园），主语we为复数，故用一般过去时arrived。 3.find解析：only to do sth. 是固定结构，表示意想不到的结果。此处为only to find，意为“结果却发现”。 4.picking解析：动词start后可接动名词或不定式。接动名词picking时，强调开始并持续进行“捡拾”这个动作。 5.were filled解析：our bags were filled with garbage和we continued…形成并列句。袋子和装满是被动关系；所以填were filled。 6.working解析：动词continue后可接动名词或不定式。接动名词working表示继续之前正在进行的“工作”。 7.inspiring解析：空格位于was之后，作表语。主语The sight（景象）是物，故用inspiring（令人鼓舞的）来描述事物的特性。 8.protection解析：空格前为形容词environmental，修饰名词。动词protect的名词形式为protection（保护）。 三、形容词&副词 一、解题核心 首先精准判断空格处所需的词性（修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词/形容词/全句用副词），进而根据语境判断是否需要使用比较级或最高级，最终选出在语义和情感色彩上最贴切的词语。 二、解题步骤 1. 辨成分，定词性：分析句子成分。若空格修饰名词或作表语，填形容词；若修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，填副词。注意词库中所给词可能需要词性转换。 2. 看信号，比等级：寻找句中或上下文中是否有比较信号词（如than, of the two）或最高级范围词（如of all, in the world），决定用原级、比较级还是最高级。 3. 品语义，合文意：从词库筛选出的备选形容词/副词中，选择那个最符合该处语境情感、程度和文体风格的词。 三、解题原则 原则 名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项/陷阱 词性功能匹配原则 形容词和副词有严格的语法分工，不可互换使用。 进行“删除法”测试：如果空格处去掉后，被修饰的核心名词或动词含义依然完整，通常需用副词；若核心含义受损，则需用形容词。 词性混淆：最常见错误，尤其是在-ly结尾的副词与形容词之间误选（如quick vs quickly）。 比较逻辑得当原则 比较级和最高级的使用必须得到明确的比较对象或范围的支持。 严格寻找比较的“另一方”或“范围”。无明确比较时，慎用比较级/最高级。 等级滥用：在没有比较或范围限定的语境中，错误使用比较级或最高级。 语义精准原则 在词性、等级都正确的基础上，所选形容词/副词必须在语义细微差别和情感色彩上最贴合语境。 对比近义词选项（如big/large, happy/glad），思考哪一个更精准、更地道、更符合作者此处想表达的微妙含义。 词义泛化：所选词大方向正确，但精准度不足，或情感色彩（褒/贬/中性）与语境不符。 【典例3-1】 happy fast clear good The library in our neighborhood used to be small and old. After the renovation, it has become a much __1____ (happy) place for everyone. The new computers work ___2___ (fast) than the old ones, so we can find information much more easily. Now, with everything organized so ____3__ (clear), it’s easy to find the books we need. This is probably the ___4___ (good) change that has happened in our community this year. The librarians also serve us very well, always with a smile. 【答案】 1. happier 2. faster 3. clearly 4. best 【解析】1. happier解析：空格前有much修饰，much常用来加强比较级。根据句意“改造后，图书馆变成了一个更让人快乐的地方”，需要happy的比较级happier。 2. faster解析：空格后有than，明确提示比较级。fast的比较级为faster。 3. clearly解析：空格位于so之后，修饰动词organized（被组织）。修饰动词需用副词，因此将形容词clear变为副词clearly。 4. best解析：空格前有定冠词the，且句意“这可能是今年我们社区发生的______改变”暗示在特定范围（今年社区的所有改变中）内进行比较，需用最高级。good的最高级为best。 【迁移运用3-1】 happy careful clear bad good fast Yesterday, our team had a soccer game. We played __1____ (good) in the first half. Our goalkeeper was __2____ (careful) than ever. In the second half, the other team played __3____ (bad) and made many mistakes. We scored __4____ (fast) than before. After winning, we all felt ___5___ (happy). Our coach said it was the ___6___ (clear) victory we had ever had. 【答案】 1. well 2.more careful 3. badly 4. faster 5.happy 6.clearest 【解析】1. well解析：空格位于动词played之后，修饰动词，需用副词。形容词good的副词形式为well（好地）。 2. more careful解析：空格后有than ever（比以往），提示比较级。careful为多音节形容词，比较级为more careful（更仔细的）。 3. badly解析：空格位于动词played之后，修饰动词，需用副词。形容词bad的副词形式为badly（糟糕地）。 4. faster解析：空格位于动词scored之后，且后有than，提示比较级。fast可作副词，其比较级为faster（更快地）。 5. happy解析：空格位于系动词felt之后，作表语，描述主语状态，无双比较，故用原级happy（高兴的）。 6. clearest解析：空格位于定冠词the之后，且句中有we had ever had（我们曾有过）暗示在以往所有胜利中比较，需用最高级。clear的最高级为clearest（最清晰的）。 Passage 1 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 to   good   call   make   the   student   or   different   bad   himself A survey in an American middle school tells us about how people think about life. At the beginning, two researchers showed two hundred 1 half a glass of water. Then they asked students whether the glass was half-full 2 half-empty. 70% saw it as half-full, 30% saw it as half-empty. The result expresses two 3 attitudes (态度) towards life—positive and negative. People who see the glass as half-full, such as Mike, are likely to look on the bright side of life. For example, though Mike was late for class, he avoided 4 excuses and told his teacher the truth honestly. And he even smiled to say sorry for being late. Then, he enjoyed 5 the whole morning. Instead, he saw it as a chance to experience something new. On 6 other hand, those who see the glass as half-empty, like Kate, often expect bad things to happen. When Kate missed her school bus, she felt nervous about running to school. She hurt her legs 7 and she also missed the presentation. She 8 it a bad day. This survey tells us that it’s important to see the glass as half-full. Life isn’t always easy, so we should pay more attention 9 the positive. If we do so, we’ll experience more joy and have a 10 mind. So, let’s follow Mike’s example and try to be more positive in our daily life. 【答案】 1．students 2．or 3．different 4．making 5．himself 6．the 7．badly 8．called 9．to 10．better 【导语】本文介绍了美国一所中学的调查，通过半杯水的测试展现人们积极和消极两种生活态度，并说明积极态度的重要性。 1．句意：起初，两名研究人员向两百名学生展示了半杯水。根据后文“Then they asked students whether the glass was half-full...”结合备选词可知，此处指两百名学生，student的复数形式是students。故填students。 2．句意：然后他们问学生杯子是半满还是半空。根据“Then they asked students whether the glass was half-full...half-empty”结合备选词可知，此处是固定搭配“whether...or...”表示“是……还是……”。故填or。 3．句意：这个结果表达了两种不同的生活态度——积极和消极。根据“positive and negative”结合备选词可知，此处指两种不同的态度，different表示“不同的”。故填different。 4．句意：例如，虽然迈克上课迟到了，但他避免找借口，诚实地告诉了老师真相。根据“he avoided...excuses”结合备选词可知，此处是固定搭配“make excuses”表示“找借口”，avoid后接动名词，make的动名词是making。故填making。 5．句意：然后，他整个早上都玩得很开心。根据“he enjoyed”结合备选词可知，此处是固定搭配“enjoy oneself”表示“玩得开心”，he的反身代词是himself。故填himself。 6．句意：另一方面，那些认为杯子半空的人，比如凯特，经常期待坏事发生。根据“On...other hand”结合备选词可知，此处是固定搭配“on the other hand”表示“另一方面”。故填the。 7．句意：她腿伤得很重，还错过了演讲。根据“hurt her legs”结合备选词可知，此处指伤得很重，bad的副词形式badly表示“严重地”。故填badly。 8．句意：她称这为糟糕的一天。根据“it a bad day”结合备选词可知，此处指称这为糟糕的一天，“call sth. sth.”表示“称某物为某物”，句子用一般过去时，call的过去式是called。故填called。 9．句意：生活并不总是容易的，所以我们应该更多关注积极的方面。根据“pay more attention”结合备选词可知，此处是固定搭配“pay attention to”表示“关注”。故填to。 10．句意：如果我们这样做，我们会体验更多的快乐，拥有更好的心态。根据“If we do so, we’ll experience more joy and have a...mind”结合备选词可知，前面有比较级more，指更多的快乐，此处指更好的心态，good的比较级是better。故填better。 Passage 2 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 dry  snow  first  cold  eat  healthy  spirit  before  southern  friend The traditional Chinese year has 24 solar terms (节气). Major Snow is the 21st term. During this time, it 1 more heavily and the snow remains on the ground. The weather gets much colder, and there are some special customs! Lamb is always 2 during Major Snow. It can keep people warm and 3 . In Chongqing, families and 4 like to have lamb soup together. In Nanjing, people cook lamb with sweet potatoes or red dates to make it healthier. In 5 cities like Nanjing and Hangzhou, people make pork sausages for the Spring Festival. They use fresh pork and 6 them in a cool and windy place. After about a week, the sausages are ready to eat. People boil or fry them 7 before eating. Warm porridge warms up the body on 8 days. On the first day of Major Snow, many people have red bean porridge. 9 the lunar (农历的) New Year, people eat “eight-treasure porridge.” There is also porridge with wheat, sesame (芝麻) seeds, or walnuts (核桃). From warming foods to festive preparations, these traditions truly represent the warm and joyful 10 of Major Snow. They are perfect examples of how Chinese culture follows the seasons to stay healthy. 【答案】 1．snows 2．eaten 3．healthy 4．friends 5．southern 6．dry 7．first 8．cold 9．Before 10．spirit 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国二十四节气中的“大雪”，包括此时的天气特点，以及我国南北方在大雪节气时的饮食习俗，体现了顺应时节的健康文化。 1．句意：在这个时节，雪下得更大了，积雪会留在地面上。句子主语为 it（指代天气），设空处需要谓语动词，根据语境和所给词“snow”，句子用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，动词需用第三人称单数形式snows。故填snows。 2．句意：在大雪节气，羊肉总是被食用。根据语境和所给词“eat”，“羊肉总是被吃”用被动语态，“eat”的过去分词为“eaten”。故填eaten。 3．句意：它能让人们保暖且保持健康。“keep sb.+adj.”是固定结构，表示“使某人保持某种状态”，根据语境和所给词“healthy”，此处用形容词形式，与“warm”并列。故填healthy。 4．句意：在重庆，家人和朋友们喜欢一起喝羊肉汤。设空处与“families”并列，需要名词复数形式，所给词“friend”其复数形式“friends”符合语境。故填friends。 5．句意：在像南京、杭州这样的南方城市，人们会为春节制作香肠。设空处修饰名词“cities”，需要形容词，结合“Nanjing and Hangzhou”可知，“southern”意为“南方的”，符合语境。故填southern。 6．句意：他们用新鲜的猪肉，然后在凉爽通风的地方晾干香肠。句子为并列结构，“use”和设空处为并列谓语，需用动词原形，根据“in a cool and windy place”可知，所给词“dry”意为“晾干”，符合语境。故填dry。 7．句意：人们在吃之前会先煮或炸香肠。根据“before eating”可知，此处表示在吃以前先要煮和炸，所给词“first”意为“首先”，符合语境。故填first。 8．句意：在寒冷的日子里，热粥能温暖身体。设空处修饰名词“days”，需要形容词，所给词“cold”意为“寒冷的”，符合语境。故填cold。 9．句意：在农历新年之前，人们会喝“八宝粥”。根据“people eat…”可知，设空处表示吃腊八粥的时间，所给词“before”意为“在……之前”，符合语境，且句首首字母需大写。故填Before。 10．句意：从暖身食物到节日准备，这些传统真正体现了大雪节气温暖愉悦的精神。设空处被“warm and joyful”修饰，需要名词，所给词“spirit”意为 “精神；氛围”，符合语境。故填spirit。 Passage 3 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 Afford  area  easily  ecosystem  find  harm  they  ugly  when  without Vultures (秃鹫) feed on dead animals. Adult vultures have wings that can be three meters long and their bodies can grow up to one meter long. Some people think they’re 1 because they have bald (光秃的) heads. Their bald heads help keep them cleaner 2 eating dead animals. They also help them stay cool in hot weather. Their stomach acid (胃酸) is very strong, allowing 3 to safely eat rotten (腐烂的) meat. Flies, mice and dogs can feed on rotten meat, too. But they are often 4 in human homes, so if they eat rotten meat, illness can spread 5 . However, vultures protect human health by eating dead animals to stop the spread of illness. It is a very valuable service. Sadly, since the 1990s, the number of vultures has dropped in some 6 . And one of the key reasons is that farmers use certain medicines to help their animals, but these medicines are 7 to vultures. When vultures eat the bodies of those animals, they get poisoned (中毒的) and die. That means the number of vultures is dropping and an important part of the earth’s 8 is missing. Dead animals are left to rot, or are eaten by mice and wild dogs, rather than being cleaned up by vultures. Vultures are of great value to humans. 9 them, the risk of illness would be much greater than we thought. We should take action to save vultures, because we cannot 10 the bad results of losing them. 【答案】 1．ugly 2．when 3．them 4．found 5．easily 6．areas 7．harmful 8．ecosystem 9．Without 10．afford 【导语】本文介绍了秃鹫的外形特征、生态功能及其因人类活动而面临的生存危机，强调了保护秃鹫对维持生态系统和人类健康的重要性。 1．句意：有些人认为它们很丑陋，因为它们有光秃秃的脑袋。根据“Some people think they’re…because they have bald heads”及备选词可知，这里描述秃鹫的外貌特征，ugly“丑陋的”符合语境，在句中作表语用形容词原级。故填ugly。 2．句意：它们光秃的脑袋帮助它们在吃动物尸体时保持清洁。根据“Their bald heads help keep them cleaner…eating dead animals”及备选词可知，这里表示“在……时候”，when“当……时”符合语境，引导时间状语从句。故填when。 3．句意：它们强效的胃酸让它们能安全食用腐烂的肉。根据“allowing…to safely eat rotten meat”及备选词可知，这里指代秃鹫本身，they“它们”符合语境，在句中作宾语用宾格形式。故填them。 4．句意：但苍蝇、老鼠和狗经常出现在人类住所里。根据“But they are often…in human homes”及备选词可知，这里描述这些动物的活动范围，find“发现”符合语境，用被动语态表示“被发现存在”。故填found。 5．句意：如果它们吃了腐烂的肉，疾病就能轻易传播。根据“illness can spread…”及备选词可知，这里修饰动词spread，easily“容易地”符合语境，用副词形式作状语。故填easily。 6．句意：自20世纪90年代以来，某些地区的秃鹫数量下降了。根据“the number of vultures has dropped in some…”及备选词可知，这里指地理范围，area“地区”符合语境，用复数形式表示多个区域。故填areas。 7．句意：这些药物对秃鹫有害。根据“these medicines are…to vultures”及备选词可知，这里描述药物的影响，harm“伤害”符合语境，用形容词harmful表示“有害的”作表语。故填harmful。 8．句意：地球生态系统的重要部分正在缺失。根据“an important part of the earth’s…is missing”及备选词可知，这里指生态体系，ecosystem“生态系统”符合语境，谓语是is，用单数形式。故填ecosystem。 9．句意：没有它们，疾病风险会比我们想象的更大。根据“…them, the risk of illness would be much greater”及备选词可知，这里表示假设条件，without“没有”符合语境，引导条件状语。故填Without。 10．句意：我们承担不起失去它们带来的恶果。根据“we cannot…the bad results of losing them”及备选词可知，这里表示承受能力，afford“承担得起”符合语境，用动词原形与情态动词can构成谓语。故填afford。 Passage 4 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 admire, with, fill, popular, because, celebration, community, take, start, buy Millions of people in East and Southeast Asia celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. The event is a 1 of the full moon and the autumn harvest (收获). It falls on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. It is believed that the Mid-Autumn Festival 2 more than 2,000 years ago. At that time, Chinese emperors would pray (祈祷) to the Moon for a good harvest and celebrate 3 a big meal. Today, the event brings friends and families together to 4 the full moon and share special food. In China, one of the most 5 foods is mooncakes. Modern mooncakes can be 6 with ice cream, chocolate or fruit. People also make colourful lanterns to decorate streets. Festival traditions are different in different places. In Vietnam, the Mid-Autumn Festival is considered as “children’s day” 7 the children enjoy themselves most during the festival. They expect their parents 8 them new toys, such as dragon heads, lanterns, drums, and masks. In Japan, people eat rice balls called “tsukimi dango” which means “Moon viewing”. The festival is also marked by many Asian 9 all over the world. In Birmingham, England, a street festival often 10 place with dancing, face painting and lantern making. 【答案】 1．celebration 2．started 3．with 4．admire 5．popular 6．filled 7．because 8．to buy 9．communities 10．takes 【导语】本文介绍东亚和东南亚的中秋节，讲其时间、起源、传统习俗，还有越南、日本及海外亚裔社区的不同庆祝方式。 1．句意：这个节日是对满月和秋收的庆祝。根据“the full moon and the autumn harvest”结合备选词可知，此处表示对满月和秋收的庆祝，celebration是可数名词，前有不定冠词a，用单数形式。故填celebration。 2．句意：人们认为中秋节起源于两千多年前。根据“more than 2,000 years ago”结合备选词可知，此处表示起源于两千多年前，且用一般过去时，start的过去式是started。故填started。 3．句意：那时，中国的皇帝会向月亮祈祷丰收，并用一顿大餐来庆祝。根据“a big meal”结合备选词可知，此处表示用一顿大餐来庆祝，with可表示用某种方式。故填with。 4．句意：如今，这个节日让亲友团聚，赏月并分享特色美食。根据“the full moon”结合备选词可知，此处表示赏月，前有不定式符号to，用admire原形。故填admire。 5．句意：在中国，最受欢迎的食物之一是月饼。根据“foods is mooncakes”结合备选词可知，此处表示最受欢迎的食物之一是月饼，the most后接popular原级构成最高级。故填popular。 6．句意：现代月饼可以装满冰淇淋、巧克力或水果。根据“with ice cream, chocolate or fruit”结合备选词可知，此处表示装满冰淇淋、巧克力或水果，构成be filled with固定搭配表示“装满”。故填filled。 7．句意：在越南，中秋节被视为“儿童节”，因为孩子们在节日期间玩得最开心。根据前后句的因果关系结合备选词可知，此处需要表示原因的连词because。故填because。 8．句意：他们期待父母给他们买新玩具，比如龙头、灯笼、鼓和面具。根据“new toys”结合备选词可知，此处表示父母给他们买新玩具，构成expect sb. to do sth.固定搭配。故填to buy。 9．句意：世界各地的许多亚裔社区也会庆祝这个节日。根据“many Asian”结合备选词可知，此处表示许多亚裔社区，且用复数形式，community的复数是communities。故填communities。 10．句意：在英国伯明翰，街头艺术节经常举行，有舞蹈、脸部彩绘和灯笼制作活动。根据“a street festival”结合备选词可知，此处需要用take的第三人称单数形式，构成take place固定搭配，主语为单数，一般现在时用takes。故填takes。 Passage 5 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 wish  strong  shake  instead  how  with  call  hero  you  friend In many places, people shake hands or hug to say hello. But in China, we have a very cool and special way to greet people. It is 1 the “Baoquan”. This gesture (姿势) looks like kung fu, right? That is because kung fu 2 often use it! But common people use it too, especially during the Chinese New Year or at weddings (婚礼) to show respect and 3 others good luck. Here is 4 you do it: First, make a fist (拳头) 5 your right hand. Your fist stands for strength. Next, cover 6 right fist with your open left palm (手掌). Your palm stands for 7 and peace. Finally, hold your hands in front of your chest and give a little bow. When you do this, it means: “I am 8 , but I am also friendly and peaceful.” It is a way of saying, “I respect you.” So, next time you meet a Chinese friend, you don’t have to 9 hands. You can try the “Baoquan” 10 . It is a fun way to say hello without even touching! Let’s try it together. 【答案】 1．called 2．heroes 3． wish 4．how 5．with 6．your 7． friendship 8．strong 9．shake 10．instead 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统问候方式“抱拳礼”的由来、含义、具体做法及其所代表的精神内涵。 1．句意：它被称为“抱拳礼”。根据“It is…the ‘Baoquan’”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“被称为”，构成“be called”结构，call符合语境，此处为被动语态，应用过去分词called。故填called。 2．句意：这是因为功夫英雄经常使用它！根据“kung fu…often use it”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“英雄”，作主语，hero符合语境，主语为复数，应用复数形式heroes。故填heroes。 3．句意：但普通人也会用它，尤其是在中国新年或婚礼上，以表示尊敬和祝愿他人好运。根据“to show respect and…others good luck”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“祝愿”，与“show”并列，作不定式“to”的宾语，wish符合语境，构成“wish sb. sth.”短语。故填wish。 4．句意：以下是你的做法。根据“Here is…you do it”及备选词汇可知，此处引导表语从句，表示“如何”做，how符合语境。故填how。 5．句意：首先，用你的右手握拳。根据“make a fist…your right hand”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“用”你的右手，with符合语境。故填with。 6．句意：接下来，用你张开的左手手掌覆盖住你的右拳。根据“cover…right fist with your open left palm”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“你的”右拳，作宾语，you符合语境，其形容词性物主代词形式是your。故填your。 7．句意：你的手掌代表着友谊与和平。根据“stands for…and peace”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“友谊”，与“peace”并列，作介词“for”的宾语，friend符合语境，其抽象名词形式friendship符合句意。故填friendship。 8．句意：当你这样做时，它意味着：“我很强大，但我也友好且平和。”根据“I am…, but I am also friendly and peaceful”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“强大的”，与“friendly and peaceful”形成对比，strong符合句意。故填strong。 9．句意：所以，下次你遇到一位中国朋友时，你不必握手。根据“you don’t have to…hands”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“握”手，shake符合，have to后跟动词原形。故填shake。 10．句意：你可以试试“抱拳礼”来代替。根据“You can try the ‘Baoquan’…”及备选词汇可知，前文说“不必握手”，此处提出另一种选择，instead“代替”符合句意。故填instead。 Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 so   hold   like   the   them   price   cool   save   which   quick The 15th Airshow in Zhuhai from Nov. 12 to 17 has drawn people’s attention from all over the world. It is 1 every two years in this beautiful seaside city. People can see 2 latest airplanes and space technology here. One of the 3 parts was the drone show. What are drones? They are small flying machines. Without pilots, they can be controlled from the ground. People use 4 to make colorful shows in the sky at special events or during festivals. The drones fly in groups and make different shapes, 5 hearts, words, people or even buildings. These shows are getting more and more popular at home and abroad now. Sometimes people use drones for aerial (航空的) photography. They can move freely in the sky, 6 we can take beautiful pictures and videos easily of busy cities and wonderful nature. Besides, drones are changing the way of delivery. They can avoid traffic jams on the ground and fly in the sky to deliver packages 7 enough. What’s more, when natural disasters happen, such as an earthquake or flood, they can reach areas 8 are difficult for people to get to. They can take clear pictures and collect useful information to 9 people in time. Now, many foreign people prefer to buy drones made in China because they have high quality and are sold at very good 10 . More and more people are curious about this technology and want to explore more about drones. 【答案】 1．held 2．the 3．coolest 4．them 5．like 6．so 7．quickly 8．which 9．to save 10．prices 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从第15届珠海航展引入，重点介绍了无人机的特点及其在表演、航拍、快递运输和灾难救援等领域的广泛应用，最后指出中国制造的无人机因物美价廉而受到全球欢迎。 1．句意：这场航展每两年在这座美丽的海滨城市举办一次。根据“It is…every two years”可知，此处表示航展每两年举办一次。航展是被举办的，应用被动语态，结构为be+动词过去分词，此处应该使用过去分词形式。hold意为“举办”，过去分词为held。故填held。 2．句意：人们可以在这里看到最先进的飞机和航天技术。根据“…latest airplanes”可知，此处表示最先进的飞机。形容词最高级latest前通常加定冠词the。故填the。 3．句意：最精彩的环节之一就是无人机表演。根据“One of the…parts was the drone show.”可知，无人机表演是航展中最酷的部分之一。此处是one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，意为“最……之一”。cool意为“酷的”，其最高级为coolest。故填coolest。 4．句意：人们会在特殊活动或节日期间用它们在天空中制作绚丽的表演。根据“People use…to make colorful shows”可知，人们使用无人机来进行表演。they意为“它们”，代指前文提到的drones，作use的宾语，需用宾格形式them。故填them。 5．句意：无人机成群飞行，组成不同的形状，比如心形、文字、人物甚至建筑。根据“make different shapes…hearts, words, people”可知，此处在列举无人机组成形状的例子。like作介词意为“像”，符合语境。故填like。 6．句意：它们可以在空中自由移动，所以我们能轻松拍摄繁忙城市与绝美自然的精彩照片和视频。根据“They can move freely in the sky…we can take beautiful pictures”可知，因为无人机可以空中自由移动，所以我们能轻松拍摄美丽的照片。前后句存在因果关系。so意为“所以”，符合语境。故填so。 7．句意：它们可以避开地面的交通拥堵，在空中飞行以足够快的速度递送包裹。根据“deliver packages…enough”可知，无人机可以快速递送包裹。此处修饰动词短语deliver packages，应用副词。quick意为“快的”，副词形式为quickly。故填quickly。 8．句意：更重要的是，当地震或洪水等自然灾害发生时，它们可以抵达人们难以到达的区域。根据“when natural disasters happen, …they can reach areas…are difficult for people to get to”可知，无人机可以在自然灾害发生时，抵达人们难以到达的区域。此处是一个定语从句，先行词areas指物，关系代词用which。故填which。 9．句意：它们可以拍摄清晰的照片、收集有用信息，从而及时救助人们。根据“collect useful information to…people in time”可知，收集信息的目的是为了救人。save意为“挽救”，此处用动词不定式to save作目的状语。故填to save。 10．句意：如今，许多外国人更喜欢购买中国制造的无人机，因为它们质量高且售价十分优惠。根据“sold at very good…”可知，中国无人机受欢迎是因为物美价廉。price意为“价格”，此处泛指各种无人机的价格，可用复数形式prices。故填prices。 Passage 7 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 member  darker  only  name  leaf  one  slowly  discovered  important  changes As spring arrives, it’s time to enjoy this year’s fresh tea. Among all kinds of green teas, there is an unusual 1 called Anji white tea. But in fact, it is not a 2 of the white tea family. It's uncommon and expensive, and has a short picking period— 3 one month. The reason why Anji white tea gets its 4 is mainly because of the place where it’s grown. It’s also known as “White Leaf  No.1” This tea is special. The color of its tea buds (茶芽) 5 with the temperature. In early spring, when the temperature is low, the young leaves grow 6 . Both the buds and the 7 turn from light green to a nude-like white. As the temperature goes up, the leaves’ color becomes even 8 little by little, finally turning green. Anji white tea was first produced in Anji County, Zhejiang Province in eastern China. It was 9 in the 1980s. Anji white tea is famous for plenty of theanine and amino acids (茶氨酸与氨基酸)—these are very 10 for our body to work well, which play a key role in keeping the heart healthy. 【答案】 1．one 2．member 3．only 4．name 5．changes 6．slowly 7．leaves 8．darker 9．discovered 10．important 【导语】本文主要讲述了安吉白茶的独特之处，包括其并非白茶家族的一员、采摘期短、颜色随温度变化以及其富含对身体健康有益的氨基酸等特点。 1．句意：在各种各样的绿茶中，有一种不同寻常的茶叫做安吉白茶。根据“there is an unusual...called Anji white tea”以及备选词可知，此处指有一种茶叫安吉白茶，“an unusual one”表示“一种不同寻常的（茶）”，用one指代前面提到的“tea”。故填one。 2．句意：但事实上，它并不是白茶家族的一员。根据“of the white tea family”可知，此处是指白茶家族的一员，用备选词member“成员”，此处应用单数形式，故填member。 3．句意：它很罕见，很昂贵，而且采摘期很短，只有一个月。根据“one month”可知，此处是指只有一个月，用备选词only“仅仅，只”，故填only。 4．句意：安吉白茶之所以得名，主要是因为它生长的地方。根据“The reason why Anji white tea gets its...”以及后文提到它也叫“白叶一号”可知，此处说的是它得名的原因，“name”表示“名字”，“get one’s name”表示“得名”。故填name。 5．句意：茶芽的颜色随温度而变化。根据“The color of its tea buds (茶芽)...with the temperature.”可知，此处是指茶芽的颜色随温度而变化，用备选词change“变化”，时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式，故填changes。 6．句意：早春时节，气温较低，幼叶生长缓慢。根据“when the temperature is low”可知，此处是指幼叶生长缓慢，用备选词slowly“缓慢地”，修饰动词grow，故填slowly。 7．句意：芽和叶都从浅绿色变成类似裸色的白色。根据“Both the buds and the...turn from light green to a nude-like white.”可知，此处是指芽和叶，用备选词leaf“叶子”的复数形式，故填leaves。 8．句意：随着温度的升高，叶子的颜色逐渐变得更暗，最后变成绿色。根据“As the temperature goes up, the leaves’ color becomes even...little by little, finally turning green.”可知，此处是指叶子的颜色逐渐变得更暗，用备选词dark的比较级darker“更暗的”，故填darker。 9．句意：它是在20世纪80年代被发现的。根据“Anji white tea was first produced in Anji County, Zhejiang Province in eastern China.”可知，此处是指它是在20世纪80年代被发现的，用备选词discover“发现”的过去分词形式，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态，故填discovered。 10．句意：安吉白茶富含茶氨酸和氨基酸——这些对我们的身体正常运作非常重要，在保持心脏健康方面起着关键作用。根据“these are very...for our body to work well”可知，此处是指这些对我们的身体正常运作非常重要，用备选词important“重要的”，在句中作表语，故填important。 Passage 8 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 have, which, who, the, show, many, between, scientific, fail, three Young people must take care of their teeth if they are to avoid (避免) heart problems in their later life, the British Dental Health Foundation has warned (警告). A UK health study 1 that young adults who have tooth disease are more likely to die of heart disease in their later life. The study followed 2 than 12,000 UK adults for 57 years, and found that those with more missing teeth were one 3 more likely to die of heart disease than those with fewer teeth missing. Dr. Nigel Carter of the British Dental Health Foundation said, “A person’s oral (口腔) health has a major effect on the rest of the body.” “People need to choose a good oral healthcare habit for the good of 4 whole body as well as their mouth, including brushing twice a day, cutting down the amount of sweet foods and visiting the dentist regularly. Cleaning 5 the teeth is also important.” 6 believe that the bacteria (细菌) in the mouth that cause tooth decay (腐烂) and gum (牙龈) disease may enter the bloodstream and hurt the blood vessels (血管), 7 cause inflammation (炎症) in the body which leads to heart disease. “This study shows that 8 to take care of your teeth from a young age can lead to far bigger problems later in life.” “Anyone 9 is concerned about his oral health should ask his dentist for advice, and be careful 10 a good oral healthcare habit on a day-to-day basis.” 【答案】 1．showed 2．more 3．third 4．the 5．between 6．Scientists 7．which 8．failing 9．who 10．to have 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要引用一项英国的长期科学研究，阐述了口腔健康与晚年患心脏病风险之间的关联，并提出了维护口腔健康的建议。 1．句意：一项英国健康研究表明，患有牙病的年轻人在晚年更有可能死于心脏病。分析句子“A UK health study…that young adults who have tooth disease are more likely to die of heart disease in their later life.”可知，该句缺谓语，结合备选词可知，此处指一项英国健康研究表明，show“表明”，动词原形；又根据语境可知，此处是在陈述过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，所以此处要用show的过去式showed作谓语。故填showed。 2．句意：这项研究对12,000多名英国成年人进行了57年的跟踪调查，发现缺牙较多的人死于心脏病的可能性比缺牙较少的人高三分之一。根据“The study followed…than 12,000 UK adults for 57 years”，结合备选词可知，此处应该表达这项研究对12,000多名英国成年人进行了57年的跟踪调查，many“许多的”，more than“超过，多于”，固定搭配。故填more。 3．句意：这项研究对12,000多名英国成年人进行了57年的跟踪调查，发现缺牙较多的人死于心脏病的可能性比缺牙较少的人高三分之一。根据“those with more missing teeth were one…more likely to die of heart disease than those with fewer teeth missing.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该表达缺牙较多的人死于心脏病的可能性比缺牙较少的人高三分之一，three“三”，one third“三分之一”。故填third。 4．句意：为了整个身体和口腔的健康，人们需要选择一个良好的口腔保健习惯，包括每天刷牙两次，减少甜食的量，定期去看牙医。根据“for the good of…whole body as well as their mouth”，结合备选词可知，此处应填入定冠词the，表特指，特指整个身体和口腔的健康。故填the。 5．句意：牙齿之间的清洁也很重要。根据“Cleaning…the teeth is also important.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该表达牙齿之间的清洁也很重要。between“在……之间”。故填between。 6．句意：科学家认为，口腔中导致蛀牙和牙龈疾病的细菌可能会进入血液，伤害血管，导致体内炎症，从而导致心脏病。分析句子“…believe that the bacteria (细菌) in the mouth that cause tooth decay (腐烂) and gum (牙龈) disease may enter the bloodstream and hurt the blood vessels (血管)”可知，该句缺主语，结合备选词可知，此处指的是科学家认为，scientific“科学的”，形容词，scientist“科学家”，可数名词，此处应填入其复数形式scientists，位于句首作主语，首字母要大写。故填Scientists。 7．句意：科学家认为，口腔中导致蛀牙和牙龈疾病的细菌可能会进入血液，伤害血管，导致体内炎症，从而导致心脏病。分析句子“the bacteria (细菌) in the mouth that cause tooth decay (腐烂) and gum (牙龈) disease may enter the bloodstream and hurt the blood vessels (血管),…cause inflammation (炎症) in the body which leads to heart disease.”，结合备选词可知，此处应填入which，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中充当主语。故填which。 8．句意：“这项研究表明，如果从小就不保护牙齿，会在以后的生活中导致更大的问题。”分析句子“This study shows that…to take care of your teeth from a young age can lead to far bigger problems later in life.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该表达如果从小就不保护牙齿，会在以后的生活中导致更大的问题。fail to do sth“未能做某事”，固定搭配，此处要用fail的动名词形式failing，作主语。故填failing。 9．句意：任何关心自己口腔健康的人都应该向牙医寻求建议，并注意每天养成良好的口腔保健习惯。分析句子“Anyone…is concerned about his oral health should ask his dentist for advice”，结合备选词可知，此处应填入who，引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语。故填who。 10．句意：“任何关心自己口腔健康的人都应该向牙医寻求建议，并注意每天养成良好的口腔保健习惯。”根据“be careful…a good oral healthcare habit on a day-to-day basis.”，结合备选词可知，此处指的是注意每天养成良好的口腔保健习惯，have“有”，be careful to do sth“小心做某事”，此处应填入to have。故填to have。　　　　　　　　　 Passage 9 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 develop   hold   proud   I   avoid   six   speech   best   divide   final Our school life is really colorful. Last week, our school 1 a speech competition. It was a big success. My group members and I like giving 2 in public. So we all took part in it. The competitors were 3 into six groups. Each group had a different topic to 4 repeating. Topics were given widely, from environmental protection to personal 5 . I was in the 6 group. My topic was about how to solve problems at school. I tried my 7 , but I still failed. But it was meaningful to me because I learnt a lot from others. A friend of 8 expressed his ideas about friendship. His speech was much livelier than that of other competitors and had a great influence on many listeners. 9 , he won first place in his group. We were all 10 of his achievement (成就). This competition showed us that success is not only about winning, but also about personal growth and influencing others. Because of this experience, our class is getting more united and working for greater achievements. 【答案】 1．held 2．speeches 3．divided 4．avoid 5．development 6．sixth 7．best 8．mine 9．Finally 10．proud 【导语】本文作者讲述了上周学校举行的一场演讲比赛，展现了丰富多彩的校园生活和比赛带来的积极影响。 1．句意：上周，我们学校举行了一场演讲比赛。时间状语“Last week”表明用一般过去时，结合备选词，动词“hold”表示“举办”，符合语境，其过去式为“held”。故填held。 2．句意：我的组员和我都喜欢在公众场合做演讲。根据“giving... in public”并结合备选词，“speech”表示“演讲”，符合语境。此处表示泛指，应用复数形式“speeches”。故填speeches。 3．句意：参赛者们被分成了六个小组。结合备选词，“divide”符合语境，“divide into”意为“分成”。主语“The competitors”与动词“divide”之间是被动关系，且描述过去事件，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填divided。 4．句意：为了避免重复，每个小组都有一个不同的主题。结合备选词，“avoid”符合语境，此处“avoid repeating”指“避免重复”。动词不定式“to”后接动词原形，表示目的。故填avoid。 5．句意：所给主题范围很广，从环境保护到个人发展。“from...to...”连接两个并列的名词短语。“personal”是形容词，后接名词。结合备选词，“develop”符合语境，其名词形式是“development”，意为“发展”。故填development。 6．句意：我在第六组。空格修饰名词“group”，表示顺序，应用序数词。结合备选词，“six”的序数词形式是“sixth”。故填sixth。 7．句意：我尽了最大努力，但还是失败了。结合备选词，“try one’s best”是固定短语，意为“尽某人最大努力”。故填best。 8．句意：我的一个朋友表达了他关于友谊的想法。结合备选词，“I”符合语境，此处应用“I”的名词性物主代词“mine”，构成双重所有格结构“a friend of mine”，意为“我的一个朋友”。故填mine。 9．句意：最终，他在他的小组中获得了第一名。空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，表示时间或结果的顺序，应用副词。根据上下文，并结合备选词，“final”符合语境，其副词形式是“finally”，意为“最终”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Finally。 10．句意：我们都为他的成就感到骄傲。结合备选词，“proud”符合语境，“be proud of”是固定短语，意为“为……感到骄傲/自豪”。故填proud。 Passage 10 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 but  proud  how  away  wire  dusty  work  connect    repair  patient I was cleaning the attic (阁楼) when I found my grandfather’s old radio. It was 1 and broken. I thought it was just a piece of junk and was about to throw it 2 when Grandfather saw it and stopped me. “This old friend holds many stories,” he said. He decided we should 3 it together. I was doubtful at first, 4 finally I agreed to try. The repair process was a long one. Grandfather didn’t rush. He 5 showed me how to open the back and check the parts inside. We found that a few 6 were broken. “This is what we need to fix,” he explained, pointing at them. We went to the market to buy new wires. As we 7 on reconnecting them, Grandfather told me 8 dear this radio was to him during his youth, bringing him news and music. After a few hours, everything was 9 . I held my breath as Grandfather turned the knob. A clear voice filled the room! We were successful! I wasn’t just happy that we had fixed the radio; I was 10 that we had saved a piece of our family history. 【答案】 1．dusty 2．away 3．repair 4．but 5．patiently 6．wires 7．worked 8．how 9．connected 10．proud 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和祖父一起修理一台旧收音机的故事，体现了祖孙之间的情感以及对家族历史的珍视。 1．句意：它布满灰尘而且坏了。结合所给单词和“broken”以及后文提到祖父说这是老物件可知，此处描述收音机的状态，形容词dusty“布满灰尘的”符合语境，故填dusty。 2．句意：我认为它只是一堆垃圾，正要把它扔掉，这时祖父看到了并阻止了我。结合所给单词和“was about to throw it”可知，此处表示扔掉，throw away“扔掉”，故填away。 3．句意：他决定我们应该一起修理它。结合所给单词和“The repair process was a long one.”可知，此处表示修理，repair“修理”，should后接动词原形，故填repair。 4．句意：一开始我很怀疑，但最后我同意试一试。结合所给单词和“I was doubtful at first”以及“finally I agreed to try”可知，前后是转折关系，but“但是”符合语境，故填but。 5．句意：他耐心地教我如何打开后盖并检查里面的零件。结合所给单词和“Grandfather didn’t rush.”可知，祖父不匆忙，所以是耐心地教我，副词patiently“耐心地”修饰动词showed，故填patiently。 6．句意：我们发现有几根电线断了。结合所给单词和“We went to the market to buy new wires.”可知，此处说的是电线，wire“电线”，a few后接可数名词复数，故填wires。 7．句意：当我们继续连接它们时，祖父告诉我这个收音机在他年轻时对他有多珍贵，给他带来新闻和音乐。结合所给单词和“reconnecting them”可知，此处表示继续连接，work on“从事，继续（工作等）”，时态为一般过去时，故填worked。 8．句意：当我们继续连接它们时，祖父告诉我这个收音机在他年轻时对他有多珍贵，给他带来新闻和音乐。结合所给单词和“dear this radio was to him during his youth”可知，此处表示收音机对他有多珍贵，how“多么”符合语境，故填how。 9．句意：几个小时后，一切都连接好了。结合所给单词和“We went to the market to buy new wires.”以及“A clear voice filled the room!”可知，此处表示连接好了，connect“连接”，everything和connect是被动关系，用被动语态，故填connected。 10．句意：我不仅为我们修好了收音机而高兴，还为我们保存了家族历史而自豪。结合所给单词和“I wasn’t just happy that we had fixed the radio”以及“we had saved a piece of our family history”可知，此处表示自豪，proud“自豪的”符合语境，故填proud。 Passage 11 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。  become  connect  convenient  expression happy  hear  however  talent  they  with Before learning to paint in primary school, Li Mei always felt lonely in a silent world. She knew she was different from her classmates because she could not 1 . But a painting class opened a door to creativity and a way of 2 for her. To develop her 3 in art, Li went to study at Changsha Vocational and Technical School. There she met a boy named Hu Shiqun who 4 her husband later. Hu is also an art lover. Li worked in an office after leaving college. In most people’s opinions, the job was pretty good. 5 , she was not happy. In 2016, at her husband’s suggestion, Li gave up the job and 6 joined his company to be a wall painter. All the five painters in Hu’s company have trouble hearing. So far, the couple has created beautiful and interesting paintings in many parks and famous places in Hunan. For Li, 7 creations can bring art closer to people, and behind each painting, there is a humorous soul (灵魂), who wishes to 8 with the world. “Life can be difficult for the people like us. So my husband and I want to introduce painting to them and help them find their own way to make a living. It’s not 9 for people to communicate with the persons with hearing problems. I hope that people can be patient 10 us,” Li said. 【答案】 1．hear 2．expression 3．talent 4．became 5．However 6．happily 7．their 8．connect 9．convenient 10．with 【导语】本文讲述了听障人士李梅通过绘画找到自我价值，并与丈夫一起帮助听障群体用绘画谋生、改善沟通的故事。 1．句意：她知道自己和同学不一样，因为她不能听见。根据“in a silent world”以及所给词汇可知，此处指的是不能听见，hear“听见”，情态动词could后接动词原形。故填hear。 2．句意：但一节绘画课为她打开了一扇通往创造力的大门，也给了她一种表达的方式。根据“a way of...”以及所给词汇可知，此处指的是表达方式，expression“表达”，符合语境。故填expression。 3．句意：为了培养她在艺术方面的天赋，李梅前往长沙职业技术学校学习。根据“in art”以及所给词汇可知，此处指的是艺术方面的天赋，talent“天赋”，符合语境。故填talent。 4．句意：在那里，她遇到了一个叫胡世群的男孩，后来他成为了她的丈夫。根据“her husband later”以及所给词汇可知，此处指的是成为，become“成为”，句子用一般过去时，故填became。 5．句意：在大多数人看来，这份工作相当不错。然而，她并不开心。根据前后句的转折关系以及所给词汇可知，此处指的是然而，however“然而”，句首首字母大写。故填However。 6．句意：2016年，在丈夫的建议下，李梅辞掉了工作，开心地加入了他的公司成为一名墙绘师。根据“joined his company”以及所给词汇可知，此处表示开心地加入公司，需要副词修饰动词joined，happy“开心”，为形容词，其副词形式是happily，意为“开心地”。故填happily。 7．句意：对李梅来说，他们的作品能让艺术更贴近人们。根据“creations”以及所给词汇可知，此处指的是他们的，they“他们/她们/它们”，为主格代词，此处需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 8．句意：每一幅画背后都有一个幽默的灵魂，希望与世界连接。根据“with the world”以及所给词汇可知，此处指的是画的灵魂与世界连接，connect with“与……连接”，为固定用法，wish to do sth.后接动词原形。故填connect。 9．句意：人们与听障人士沟通并不方便。根据“it’s not ... for people to communicate with ...”以及所给词汇可知，此处指的是方便的，convenient“方便的”，符合语境。故填convenient。 10．句意：我希望人们能对我们有耐心。根据“be patient...”以及所给词汇可知，be patient with“对……有耐心”，是固定搭配。故填with。 Passage 12 阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，每空一词，每词限用一次。 how  much  for  the  job  and  set  they  interest  know  what  but Over the past twenty years, China has become stronger and stronger. Many foreigners want to do business with Chinese people now. Learning our language helps them a lot. The Confucius Institute provides a place 1 them to learn Chinese language and culture. As the world is crazy about China, more and more foreigners are 2 in our language and culture. To meet their needs, the first Confucius Institute was 3 up in South Korea in 2004. Now the Confucius Institute is all around the world. There are 4 than 1,000 classrooms in 140 countries and areas, with over 2 million students. People all over the world want to study Chinese. 5 it’s not easy to study the language. The foreigners who like Chinese practise it so hard. They learn 6 to pronounce and write, even use chopsticks. A big competition is held for foreigners. By taking part in 7 competition they can show themselves. When we watch the show, we are amazed at their Chinese and admire 8 very much. Some foreigners not only speak Chinese well, but also 9 a lot about Chinese culture. The Confucius Institute does a good 10 in spreading Chinese language and culture to the world. Today, the world is learning Chinese. 【答案】 1．for 2．interested 3．set 4．more 5．but 6．how 7．the 8．them 9．know 10．job 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国实力提升带动汉语热，孔子学院全球推广汉语与文化成效显著。 1．句意：孔子学院为他们提供了一个学习汉语和中国文化的地方。a place for sb to do sth“供某人做某事的地方”，是固定搭配，备选词for“为了”符合语境，故填for。 2．句意：随着世界对中国的狂热追捧，越来越多的外国人对我们的语言和文化感兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”是固定短语，备选词interest的形容词形式interested“感兴趣的”符合语境，故填interested。 3．句意：为了满足他们的需求，第一所孔子学院于2004年在韩国成立。set up“建立、成立”，是固定短语，此处为被动语态，set的过去分词为set，备选词set“建立”符合语境，故填set。 4．句意：在140个国家和地区有超过1000个教学点，学生超过200万人。more than“超过、多于”是固定短语，备选词much的比较级more“更多”符合语境，故填more。 5．句意：但学习这门语言并不容易。前文“People all over the world want to study Chinese”与后文“it’s not easy to study the language”是转折关系，备选词but“但是”符合语境，故填but。 6．句意：他们学习如何发音、书写，甚至使用筷子。根据“They learn…to pronounce and write”可知，是学习“如何”做这些事，备选词how“如何、怎样”符合语境，故填how。 7．句意：通过参加这项比赛，他们可以展示自己。此处特指前文提到的“A big competition”，用定冠词the修饰，备选词the“这个、那个”符合语境，故填the。 8．句意：当我们观看节目时，我们对他们的中文感到惊讶，非常佩服他们。此处指代前文的“the foreigners”，作admire的宾语，备选词they的宾格形式them“他们”符合语境，故填them。 9．句意：一些外国人不仅汉语说得好，而且对中国文化了解很多。know about“了解”是固定短语，备选词know“知道、了解”符合语境，not only...but also...连接并列谓语，此处与speak保持一致，用动词原形，故填know。 10．句意：孔子学院在向世界传播汉语和中国文化方面做得很好。do a good job“做得好”是固定短语，备选词job“工作”符合语境，故填job。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $