课时测评18 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（外研版）

课时测评18　Section Ⅳ　Using language (时间：45分钟　满分：80分) [语境基础练] 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．It is strange that there should be no lights on. 2．You must come here on time，or you’ll be fined next time. 3．When he was young，he would climb the small hill every morning. 4．I may/might finish reading the book tomorrow，but I am not sure about it. 5．You ought to/should have given him some advice.He was too upset at that time. 6．It is a long time since we met last time.You should come and see me more often. 7．She was so frightened that she didn’t dare to breathe a word of it to anyone else. 8．You may feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. 9．Peter searched all the places where he might have left (leave) his iPad but it was all in vain. 10．The train is to start soon and Mike hasn’t arrived.What can have happened to him? 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共15分) 1．非常抱歉星期五下午我不能和你去书店了。 I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. 2．如果你能帮助我，我会非常感激。 I’d appreciate it if you could do me a favor． 3．你提到作为回报你愿意教我英语，这正是我所渴望的事。 You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return，which is exactly what I am dying for. 4．如果你能考虑我的话，我将不胜感激。 I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration. 5．我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。 I could have worked out the problem，but I was too nervous. 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1.5分，共15分) 用适当的情态动词完成语段 I 1.need not have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I 2.could dance as well as her.No one 3.can be compared with Ellen in dancing.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he 4.should do something instead of just talking.I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao” just as I 5.might do in China.Teachers recommend parents 6.should not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Students 7.must obey school rules.One of our rules is that every student 8.shall wear the school uniform while at school. It is required by the rules that students 9.shall get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my understanding that many adults 10.should be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·山东省青岛市高二上期末) Moon dust is the absolute worst.Not only does electrostatics (静电) cause it to stick to virtually everything，but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass.It was a genuine problem for the six Apollo crews who visited the moon’s surface—moon dust covered their suits，worked their way into engines and electronics，and even ruined a few of their extremely expensive spacesuits. These are all serious issues to consider ahead of NASA’s planned return to the moon’s surface in 2025，but a team of college undergraduates at Washington State University just developed a solution to moon dust—spraying liquid nitrogen (氮) onto moon dust.The team developed a new spray that takes advantage of the Leidenfrost effect.Named after its discoverer，an 18th-century German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost，it occurs when a liquid comes into close contact with a significantly hotter surface，causing it to quickly form a protective layer of vapor (蒸汽) that briefly keeps it from evaporating，such as when water forms into drops and runs across a very hot frying nan.The same principle works similarly in space.In this case，a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around －320) comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating，causing the particles to turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors. To test their spray，the research team first dressed a Barbie doll wrapped with a material used to make spacesuits.They then sprayed it with liquid nitrogen in a normal atmospheric condition as well as the circumstances similar to outer space.Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances，but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material.In past lunar missions，astronauts’ specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use.In comparison，the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before similar issues occurred. Going forward，the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective，as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface’s gravity.With any luck，maybe a can of their Moon-Dust-Gone will be aboard a future Artemis mission，ready to help astronauts avoid one of the lunar surface’s annoying things. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。月球尘埃造成的问题十分让人头疼，华盛顿州立大学的一个大学生团队刚刚开发了一种解决月球尘埃的方法——向月球尘埃喷洒液氮。文章对此进行了介绍。 1．Why does the author mention “Apollo” in the first paragraph? A．To prove moon dust is a real headache. B．To compare past and present moon programs. C．To show the achievements in moon exploration. D．To offer readers insights into the Apollo program. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段前两句可知，作者在第一段提到“阿波罗”是为了证明月球尘埃是件很头疼的事。故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “particles” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Liquid waste. B．Moon dust. C．Nitrogen spray. D．Protective coating. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around －320) comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating”和“turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors”可知，此处是指把月球表面的尘埃变成水滴一样的东西，漂浮在氮蒸气上，所以particles是指“月球尘埃”。故选B。 3．What did the research team find about their spray in Paragraph 3? A．It belonged to single-use items for astronauts. B．It performed better in normal atmospheric conditions. C．It increased the strength of the material of spacesuits. D．It protected spacesuits better compared with the brush. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，研究小组发现液氮喷雾与刷子相比能更好地保护宇航服。故选D。 4．What may the follow-up research of the spray focus on? A．Test subjects. B．Complex lunar surface. C．Other applications. D．Reasons for efficient cleaning. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，喷雾的后续研究可能集中在高效清洁的原因上。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·福建省福州市高二下期中) One afternoon，my son came home from school.He had a(n) 　1　 look on his face.After asking him what was on his mind，he said，“Are all people the same even if their skin color is different？” I thought for a moment，and then I said，“I’ll 　2　，if you can just 　3　 until we make a quick 　4　 at the grocery store.I have something 　5　 to show you.” At the grocery store，we bought some red apples，green apples and yellow apples.When we got home，I put one of each type of apple on the countertop (台面). “Some of the apples have been 　6　 and are imperfect.They may not even look as delicious as the others，” I said.As I was talking，Adam was 　7　 each one carefully.Then，I took each of the apples and peeled (削去……的皮) them，　8　 them on the countertop，but in a 　9　 place. “Okay，Adam，tell me which one is which.” He said，“I can’t 　10　．They all look the same now.” “Take a bite of each one.See if that helps you 　11　 them.” He took big 　12　，and then a huge smile appeared across his face.“People are just like apples！They are all different，but once you 　13　 the outside，they’re pretty much the same on the inside.” “You’re 　14　，” I said.“Just like how everyone has their own personality but they are still basically the same.” He totally 　15　 it.I didn’t need to say or do anything else.What perfect food for thought! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者用苹果举例来告诉儿子，即使人们的肤色不一样，他们的内在几乎是一样的。 1．A.surprised B．amused C．puzzled D．guilty 答案：C 解析：根据下文儿子的问题“Are all people the same even if their skin color is different？”可知，儿子内心有疑问，所以很困惑。故选C项。 2．A.notice B．explain C．leave D．relax 答案：B 解析：根据下文作者买了苹果之后解释儿子的问题及“until we make a quick ________ at the grocery store”可知，作者向儿子说明自己之后会解释的。故选B项。 3．A.wait B．admit C．try D．share 答案：A 解析：根据“until we make a quick ________ at the grocery store”及下文“At the grocery store，we bought some red apples，green apples and yellow apples.”可知，作者让儿子等待自己的解释，自己要先去买苹果。故选A项。 4．A.turn B．response C．judgment D．stop 答案：D 解析：根据下文“At the grocery store，we bought some red apples，green apples and yellow apples.”可知，作者要在水果店快速停留买苹果。故选D项。 5．A.strange B．interesting C．mysterious D．difficult 答案：B 解析：根据下文“Some of the apples have been ________ and are imperfect.”及“Then，I took each of the apples and peeled (削去……的皮) them”可知，作者想到了一个好点子来解释儿子的问题，所以想要给儿子展示一些有趣的东西。故选B项。 6．A.crashed B．decorated C．marked D．ordered 答案：A 解析：根据“are imperfect.They may not even look as delicious as the others”可知，有些苹果被碰坏了，不太好看。故选A项。 7．A.examining B．tasting C．packing D．describing 答案：A 解析：根据“Some of the apples have been ________ and are imperfect.”可知，作者在谈论苹果外表的不同，儿子应是在仔细地检查每一个苹果。故选A项。 8．A.counting B．spotting C．cutting D．placing 答案：D 解析：根据上文“When we got home，I put one of each type of apple on the countertop (台面).”及“them on the countertop”可知，作者将苹果削好皮后，又再次摆放在台面上。故选D项。 9．A.safe B．quiet C．different D．spacious 答案：C 解析：根据but以及下文“Okay，Adam，tell me which one is which.”可知，作者想让儿子知道削皮后的苹果都是一样的，所以找了不同的地方摆放。故选C项。 10．A.hide B．tell C．stand D．help 答案：B 解析：根据“They all look the same now.”可知，儿子分不清哪个是哪个了。故选B项。 11．A.take in B．get over C．tear apart D．figure out 答案：D 解析：根据“Take a bite of each one.”可知，作者让儿子每个都咬一口，看能不能得到一些收获。故选D项。 12．A.bites B．risks C．steps D．decisions 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Take a bite”可知，儿子大口咬苹果。故选A项。 13．A.pay for B．look into C．depend on D．take off 答案：D 解析：根据“They are all different”及后文“they’re pretty much the same on the inside”并结合上文作者削去苹果皮可知，儿子咬了苹果发现很甜，但是他不知道是原来的哪个，所以他明白了，也许外表不一样，但是去掉外在，里面几乎一样。故选D项。 14．A.kind B．fair C．right D．lucky 答案：C 解析：根据上文儿子说的话以及下文“Just like how everyone has their own personality but they are still basically the same.”可知，作者赞同了儿子的话。故选C项。 15．A.changed B．got C．lost D．forgot 答案：B 解析：根据“I didn’t need to say or do anything else.”可知，作者都不用过多解释，通过苹果试验就让儿子明白了，get it意思为：明白了。故选B项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·江苏省淮安市高二上期末) With technologies first researched and developed for space 1.__________(explore)，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making our lives safer and easier.One of these is earthquake shock absorbers.Shock absorbers 2.__________(original) applied to the space shuttle launch have also been set up in the cities with a high 3.__________(frequent) of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives.Some technologies need 4.__________(far) research to better solve real-life problems.For example，liquid hydrogen is a clean 5.__________(alter) energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel，and it is 6.__________(like) that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass-produced and 7.__________(launch) in the near future.These scientific and technological 8.__________(advance) can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas 9.__________(include) health，energy and information technology.This should be a strong 10.__________(motivate) for continuing to explore space. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些为太空探索研究和开发的技术可以运用到人类日常生活中，解决人类面临的一些重大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更轻松。 1．答案：exploration 解析：考查名词。此处指“太空探索”，名词exploration (探索)符合句意，为不可数名词。故填exploration。 2．答案：originally 解析：考查副词。此处指减震器的最初用途，副词originally (最初)符合句意，作状语，修饰动词短语applied to。故填originally。 3．答案：frequency 解析：考查名词。此处指地震频率高发城市，名词frequency (频率)符合句意，为可数名词，不定冠词a提示单数形式。故填frequency。 4．答案：further 解析：考查形容词。要更好地解决现实生活中的问题，一些技术需要进一步研究，形容词further (进一步的)符合句意，作定语，修饰名词research。故填further。 5．答案：alternative 解析：考查形容词。液氢是一种清洁的替代能源，形容词alternative (可供替代的)符合句意，作定语，修饰名词短语energy source。故填alternative。 6．答案：likely 解析：考查形容词。形容词likely (可能的)符合句意，作表语，固定句型it is likely that...(很可能……)。故填likely。 7．答案：launched 解析：考查动词。此处指氢燃料电池汽车在未来会被投放市场，launch [(首次)上市]符合句意，作从句并列谓语动词，和从句主语hydrogen fuel cell vehicles是被动关系，结合will be mass-produced and，用一般将来时的被动语态，launch用过去分词形式表被动。故填launched。 8．答案：advances 解析：考查名词。为地球带来好处的应该是科学和技术进步，名词advance (进步)符合句意，是可数名词，不止一个，用其复数形式。故填advances。 9．答案：including 解析：考查介词。根据所学和本处语境，介词including (包括)符合句意，这些领域包括健康、能源和信息技术领域。故填including。 10．答案：motive 解析：考查名词。名词motive (动力)符合句意，作表语，是可数名词，不定冠词a提示单数形式。故填motive。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $