Unit 6 Section Ⅲ Using language & Developing ideas-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

本讲义以宇宙探索为主题，核心知识点围绕望远镜发展对人类认知宇宙的影响展开，从古代对星空的想象到现代望远镜（如哈勃、FAST）的应用，构建“预读激活背景—读中分层理解（主旨、结构、细节）—读后语言运用与思维拓展”的学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过难句解构、佳句仿写提升语言理解与表达能力，品质升华环节的开放性问题（如“人类为何对星星感兴趣”）培养创造性思维。融入中国FAST望远镜等科技成就，增强文化意识与家国情怀。任务型阅读设计助力课堂高效教学，词汇语法系统梳理便于学生课后查漏补缺，巩固知识。

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Developing ideas Step One：Pre-reading What do you know about the universe? The universe is an incredibly vast and complex entity that encompasses everything that exists，including all matter，energy，space and time.(Answers may vary.) Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Ancient people’s knowledge about space is limited. B．The universe is far larger than people once imagined. C．Humans will conquer the universe in the near future. D．People will know more about the universe with large telescopes. 答案：D Ⅱ.Read for the structure Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph. Para.1 A．Telescopes changed humans’ understanding of space. Para.2 B．The Hubble Space Telescope helps people see far beyond Earth. Para.3 C．Radio telescopes will enable people to look back to old times. Para.4 D．Ancient people knew little about the universe. Para.5 E．Many countries are engaged in building more advanced telescopes. 答案：Paras.1－5　DABEC 学生用书第161页 Ⅲ.Read for details 1．How did people in old times create a world in the sky? A．By using old-fashioned telescopes. B．By using their imaginations. C．By observing the stars carefully. D．By analysing strange phenomena in the sky. 2．When did people’s understanding of the universe change greatly? A．When the first spacecraft landed on the moon. B．When the first manned satellite was sent up into space. C．When the first telescope was invented. D．When Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit. 3．What can’t be seen through the Hubble Space Telescope? A．Clouds of gas. B．Black holes. C．New planets. D．The edge of the universe. 4．Which of the following is the author’s opinion about humans’ exploration in space? A．We are still close to the start of the journey of discovery. B．We can’t find life on other planets except the earth. C．We have reached the centre of the universe. D．We have the ability to reach regions of space billions of light years away. 答案：1－4　BCDA Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1． [尝试翻译] 　古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象创造了一个空中世界。 2． [尝试翻译]　当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 教材佳句　So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.(结尾句) 学后仿写　也许我不应该根据一个人的名声，而是根据他们是谁来决定一个人是否值得成为我的朋友。 Maybe I shouldn’t decide whether a person is worth being my friend or not by their reputation，but by who they are. Ⅲ.品质升华 1．Why do you think people have always been interested in the stars？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) Answers may vary. 2．Which development in astronomy mentioned in the passage has made the greatest impression on you？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) Answers may vary. 学生用书第162页 ◎ ①fascination n. 魅力，极大的吸引力；入迷，着迷 fascinate vt.& vi. 深深吸引，迷住 fascinating adj. 迷人的，极有吸引力的 ②archeological site 考古现场 archeological adj. 考古学的；考古的 archeology n．考古学 archeologist n．考古学家 site n．现场，发生地 ③in reality 实际上，事实上 ④the naked eye 肉眼 ⑤angle/'æŋɡ(ə)l/ v. 斜置 ⑥imaginable adj. 可想象的；想象得到的，作“想象得到的”讲时，常与形容词最高级或与all、every连用，表示强调或概括。 ⑦world [熟词生义] n．(像地球的)星球，天体 ⑧galaxy/'ɡæləksi/ n．星系 ⑨matter n．物质 dark matter 暗物质 ⑩cosmic/'kɒzmɪk/ adj. 宇宙的 ⑪Earth-based telescope 地基望远镜 ⑫breathtakingly adv. 惊人地 breathtaking adj. 激动人心的，惊人的 ⑬enormous/ɪ'nɔːməs/ adj. 庞大的，巨大的 ⑭conceivably/kən'siːvəb(ə)li/ adv. 可以相信地；可想象地 conceive vi.& vt. 想象，构想 conceivable adj. 可想象的，可信的 ⑮nature [熟词生义] n．基本特征，本质 ⑯at an ever-increasing speed 以不断增加的速度 speed n．速度 ⑰be engaged in 从事，参加 ⑱ever adv. (进行比较时用以加强语气)以往任何时候，曾经 ⑲advanced adj. 先进的 ⑳operate v. (被)使用，(使)运转 ㉑be composed of...由……组成 ㉒subatomic particle 亚原子粒子 subatomic/ˌsʌbə'tɒmɪk/ adj. 亚原子的；原子内的 particle/'pɑːtɪk(ə)l/ n．粒子 ㉓invisible/ɪn'vɪzɪb(ə)l/ adj. 看不见的 [反义] visible adj. 看得见的，可见的 ㉔light year n．光年；很长时间，很久 ㉕at the edge of...在……的边缘 ㉖look back to/on 回顾，回忆 ㉗quest for 探索，探求 ㉘close adj. 几乎要……的，差不多要……的　常与介词to连用。 ◎ EYES UPON THE NIGHT 1 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination①since the start of human history.For example，the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，discovered at the Chinese archeological site②at Sanxingdui，were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars．【1】In reality③，humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye④.And，for a long while，people were unable to understand what they could see.Not knowing what the stars were，【2】people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky. 【1】“主语＋be＋过去分词＋动词不定式”句型。其中“discovered at...Sanxingdui”为过去分词短语作定语，修饰statues。 【2】动词-ing形式短语作原因状语。其中what引导宾语从句。 2 Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled⑤at the night sky，increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable⑥.【3】The planets were seen to be worlds⑦similar to our own，many of them even having their own moons．【4】Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy⑧we call the Milky Way.Some 300 years later，we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others，spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter⑨floating in a vast cosmic⑩ocean. 【3】本句是一个主从复合句。“to investigate...space”为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰Our power；when引导时间状语从句；“increasing...human eye”和“enabling us...imaginable”是两个并列的动词-ing形式作状语。that引导宾语从句，其中than引导比较状语从句，从句中省略了主语the universe。 【4】独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 学生用书第163页 3 Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope⑪was invented，the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit，giving astronomers—indeed all of us—the first breathtakingly⑫beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances，from enormous⑬clouds of gas where stars are being born，to huge black holes，and even to new planets where we might conceivably⑭find life.【5】Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature⑮of the universe，and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed⑯. 【5】本句中的两个where引导的从句均为定语从句，分别修饰先行词gas和planets。 4 To see even further into the universe，many countries are now engaged in⑰building ever⑱more advanced⑲telescopes.Currently，China operates⑳the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope，the FAST telescope，completed in 2016.The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”，as it is known，is being used in the search for dark matter，thought to be composed of㉑subatomic particles㉒invisible㉓to ordinary telescopes.【6】This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years㉔away，right at the edge of㉕the visible universe. 【6】“thought...telescopes”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰dark matter。 5 The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space.We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago.Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes，we will one day be able to look back to㉖a time in the very early universe，before the existence of light.But the human quest for㉗knowledge reaches even beyond that.So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close㉘to the start of this incredible journey of discovery. 学生用书第164页 ◎ 眺望夜空的眼睛 1 从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如，在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目青铜像，古时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星是什么，所以他们凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。 2 当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们研究和理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。行星可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是我们称作银河系的星系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。 3 第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都首次看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。 4 为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家现在开始投入研发比以往任何时候都更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。 5 哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见愈发遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的探求不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未探索的领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。 ◎核心单词——练通 1．an awesome sight 惊人的奇观 2．look at the stars through a telescope 用望远镜观察星星 3．angle the chair 斜置椅子 4．a straightforward process 简单的过程 5．lack self-discipline 缺乏自律 6．fetch water 取水 7．stretch your muscles 伸展你的肌肉 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．simulated adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→simulate v．模仿→simulation n．模仿，模拟→simulator n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器 2．submit v．提交→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；呈交 3．conceivably adv.可以相信地；可想象地→conceivable adj.可以相信的；可想象的 学生用书第165页 4．invisible adj.看不见的→visible adj.看得见的→vision n．视力；视觉；想象 规律：否定词缀“-in” 示例：visible adj.看得见的→invisible adj.看不见的 accurate adj.精确的→inaccurate adj.不准确的 correct adj.正确的→incorrect adj.不正确的 capable adj.有能力的→incapable adj.不能的，不能胜任的 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．a lifelike statue 逼真的雕塑 2．discover a distant galaxy 发现一个遥远的星系 3．study cosmic rays 研究宇宙的射线 4．subatomic particles 亚原子粒子 5．Season with salt and pepper. 用盐和胡椒粉调味。 6．make me sneeze 让我打喷嚏 7．a very popular disc 一张很受欢迎的激光唱片 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．充分利用 make the most of 2．计算出，弄明白 work out 3．参与，从事于 be engaged in 4．由……组成 be composed of 5．实际上，事实上 in reality 第二组　英译汉 6．collide with 和……相撞/冲突 7．sign up for 登记注册，报名参加(课程等) 8．look back to 回顾，回想 9．quest for 探索，追求 10．be close to 接近 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　sb/sth＋be＋过去分词＋to do 教材原句　For example，the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui，were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. 例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目青铜像，古时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。 2．句型公式　the＋比较级...the＋比较级...“越……越……” 教材原句　The more we know，the more we feel our ignorance；the more we feel how much remains unknown. 我们了解的越多，就越感到自己的无知；我们越感到未知的东西有多少。 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 submit v．提交；使服从，使屈服 (教材原句)Submit a three-minute video introducing yourself and saying why you would be an ideal space candidate.提交一段三分钟的视频，介绍你自己，并说明为什么你会成为理想的空间候选人。 (1)submit sth to sb 把某物递交给某人 submit (oneself) to 向……屈服(to为介词) (2)submission n． 呈递；屈服；屈从 单句语法填空/词汇升级 ①All submissions (submit) must be handed in by the end of this week. ②In the past，I frequently submitted myself to difficulties but now I can spare no effort to handle them. 学生用书第166页 ③In spite of challenges and hardships in my daily life，I decline to give in to them. →Despite challenges and hardships in my daily life，I decline to submit to them. be composed of 由……组成 (教材原句)The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”，as it is known，is being used in the search for dark matter，thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. 据了解，口径500米的“天眼”正被用于寻找暗物质，暗物质被认为是由普通望远镜看不见的亚原子粒子组成的。 (1)be composed of＝be made up of/consist of 由……组成 (2)compose v． 作(曲)；组成，构成；使平静 compose oneself 使某人镇定 (3)composer n． 作曲家；创作者 composition n． 构成；作曲；作品 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①As is known to us all，Beethoven is one of the greatest composers (compose)in the world. ②At music school I studied piano and composition (compose). ③She took a deep breath to compose herself(her)，though she was very nervous. ④春联是贴在前门上的一副诗行。(应用文写作之传统文化) →Spring Festival Couplets are composed of a pair of poetry lines pasted on the front door.(compose) →Spring Festival Couplets are made up of a pair of poetry lines pasted on the front door.(make up) →Spring Festival Couplets consist of a pair of poetry lines pasted on the front door.(consist) be engaged in忙于；从事于 (教材原句)To see even further into the universe，many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes. 为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发比以往任何时候都更先进的望远镜。 (1)engaged adj. 已订婚的；占线的；使用中的 be engaged to sb 与某人订婚 (2)engage vi. 参加；参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)；聘请；从事 engage sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事 engage (sb) in (使某人)从事；参与 (3)engagement n． 订婚；婚约；约会 单句语法填空/词汇、句式升级 ①Engaging in exploring splendid Chinese culture gives him a chance to act as a cultural messenger. ②Whether for a special occasion such as an engagement (engage) or a wedding or simply as a gift，diamond rings make the ideal choice. ③I am busy preparing for the Entrance College Examination，so I can’t go with you. →I am engaged in preparing for the Entrance College Examination，so I can’t go with you.(engage) →Engaged in preparing for the Entrance College Examination，I can’t go with you.(非谓语动词作状语) 学生用书第167页 一、一词多义——submit v. A．提交，呈递　B．屈服　C．投降 1．After being defeated，they submitted to the enemy. C 2．Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March. A 3．He submitted to the unjust treatment. B 二、熟词生义 1．A notable question is whether they can tackle the awesome task.adj.艰难的 2．He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.v.斜置 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：be＋过去分词＋to do (教材原句)For example，the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui，were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.例如，在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目青铜像，古时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。 句型sb/sth＋be＋过去分词＋to do的具体用法： (1)常用的过去分词：said，reported，known，thought，believed，suggested等； (2)句型中动词不定式的形式：①to do 表示动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生；②to be doing 表示动词不定式动作正在发生；③to have done表示动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。当构成动词不定式的动词与主语是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动形式； (3)同义句型：It＋be＋过去分词＋that。 单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①Their class is said to have been chosen (choose) to take part in the coming ceremony. ②He is said to be studying (study) abroad at present，but I don’t know which country he is in. ③It is believed that printing was first invented by the Chinese.(应用文写作之传统文化) →Printing is believed to have been first invented by the Chinese. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $