Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦定语从句核心知识点，系统梳理从概述到限制性与非限制性区别、关系代词（who/whom/whose/that/which/as）和关系副词（when/where/why）用法、“介词+关系代词”结构，再到that与which、which与as辨析的完整知识脉络，搭建阶梯式学习支架。 资料以“语法串烧”语境例句引导学生自主归纳关系词功能（思维品质），“巧学活用”练习结合奥运、中国文化等真实语境（文化意识），助力语言能力提升。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后学生可通过实例回顾与练习查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅳ　Using language 定语从句 语法串烧 我的发现 　　My sister is a college student who① is studying in Peking University.I will never forget the days when② I visited this university last summer. She showed me around to see the various facilities，including the library which③ attracts me very much.There are more than ten thousand college students，all of whom④ are fighting for their promising future，which⑤ I have never thought before. She is a model from whom⑥ I will learn.I am determined to study hard to be admitted into Peking University where⑦ I will immerse myself in strong historical and cultural atmosphere. ①③④⑤⑥为关系代词引导的定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 ②⑦为关系副词引导的定语从句，在从句中作状语。 ④⑥为介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句。 ⑤为非限制性定语从句。 一、定语从句概述 担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又被称为形容词性从句。 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那个人的车坏了，他们冲过去帮助他。 When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying. 当我到达时，布莱恩带我去看我将要住的房子。 学生用书第111页 Here comes the boy who has been looking for you for a while. 一直在找你的那个男孩来了。 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，which he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 世界银行总裁说他记得早在童年时代就开始了对中国的热爱。 三、关系代词的基本用法 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 指人 主语、宾语 whom 指人 宾语 whose 指人或物 定语 that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语 which 指物或整个主句 主语、宾语 as 指人或物或整个主句 主语、宾语、表语 Dr.Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 罗恩博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他不得不自己动手打印。 For people who are interested in sound，the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. 对于那些对声音感兴趣的人来说，声音技术领域无疑是制造噪音。 Jimmy is the person whom you need to respect. 吉米是你需要尊重的人。 China is a country that/which has a long history. 中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。 “You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.俗话说：“不能以貌取人。” ◎巧学活用1——用定语从句合并下列句子 (1)This woman has set a good example to her son.He is a really lucky guy. →This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy. (2)The main street is lined with small stands and shops.They sell almost anything you can imagine. →The main street is lined with small stands and shops which/that sell almost anything you can imagine. (3)Do you know the man？Our teacher is talking to him. →Do you know the man whom our teacher is talking to？ (4)Please show me the man.His sister is a doctor. →Please show me the man whose sister is a doctor. 四、关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 公司的老板正试图创造一种轻松的氛围，让他的员工享受他们的工作。 Do you know the reason why he is absent? 你知道他缺席的原因吗？ [名师点津]　当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词where引导。 学生用书第112页 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空 (1)According to official statistics，over 346 million Chinese people have participated in winter sports training，surpassing the goal of 300 million the government set in 2015 when Beijing won the Olympic bid. (2)Beijing，where the Summer Games were held in 2008，is the first city in the world to host both editions of the Olympic Games. (3)The association of red with good fortune is the reason why the color red is important in weddings，New Years，and other important celebrations. 五、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can depend. 他是你可以信赖的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels.上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 [名师点津]　“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 1．根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help) 在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个可以求助的人。 Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.(be interested in) 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的科目。 2．根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.(during that time) 我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。 3．根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen. 这种无色的气体叫作氧气，没有它我们无法生存。 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空 (1)Shaanxi’s biang biang noodles were a comforting and beloved food among locals，for whom the back story and written character were common knowledge. (2)There are many sports stars at home and abroad，among whom Zhu Ting is my favorite. (3)A national territorial (领土的) planning system will be guided by three “red lines”，one of which will include about 103 million hectares of permanent farmland. 六、关系代词that 与which 的区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时 The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 电视塔是这个城市建的最高的建筑物。 学生用书第113页 Readers attracts so many audiences，which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 《读者》杂志吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅先生曾住过的房子。 七、关系代词which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用 which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。 1．which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可在主句中间。 Football，which is an interesting game，is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球，这是一项有趣的运动。 As is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress. 正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的谈判正在取得进展。 2．which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如，像”。 He sold his bicycle，which surprised me. 他把自行车卖了，这使我很吃惊。 As we know，smoking is harmful to our health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 [名师点津]　(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主动或被动语态以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected (不出所料)，as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的)，as is often the case (这是常有的事)等。 (2)as也可用在限制性定语从句中，此时它多和such，so或the same连用，构成such/so...as和the same...as结构。 Such books as I have read are English novels. 我所读过的书都是英语小说。(as作宾语) ◎巧学活用4——单句语法填空 (1)In addition，every student can be in harmony with foreign friends，which makes it easy for you to get along with them. (2)Understanding，love and tolerance are the first three essentials that come to an authentic friendship. (3)As is known to us，body language can give away a lot about your mood. (4)The train is the first that will go to Suzhou. (5)I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $