课时测评16 Section Ⅳ Lesson 2-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（北师大版）

课时测评16　Section Ⅳ　Lesson 2 (时间：45分钟　满分：54.5分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共4分) 1．The incubation(孵化) period is most frequently between 7 to 21 days. 2．The coincidence(巧合) of our birthdays falling on the same day made our friendship seem even more special. 3．I came into adult life clueless(一窍不通的) about a lot of things that most people take for granted. 4．New ideas emerged from the heated discussion among the team members. 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共6分) 1．The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their evaluation(evaluate) of the service. 2．By coincidence，my best friend and I ended up working at the same advertising firm. 3．I wanted to shout out and stop her but she was already gone. 4．It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. 5．In fact，we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself. 6．It will be so great watching the sun come up． 维度三　完成句子/句式升级(每小题4分，共12分) 1．汤姆很擅长理科，而他的弟弟对踢足球感兴趣。(while连接并列句) Tom is very good at science，while his brother is interested in playing football． 2．总之，真正重要的是我们应该建立一个和谐的社会。(that引导表语从句) All in all，what really matters is that we should build a harmonious society． 3．We all know that the Internet has its advantages and its disadvantages. →As we all know，the Internet has its advantages as well as its disadvantages. (as引导非限制性定语从句) [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A (2025·贵州黔东南联考) Engage students with science with these exciting and entertaining experiments! Students will love exploring while also gaining invaluable experience by designing and conducting experiments. Sunscreen Experiment Kids often don't enjoy being told they need sunscreen，so showing its power through demonstration can help them see its value. This science fair project uses simple white beads (珠子) that change color when exposed to UV rays (紫外线) so children can compare the effectiveness of different sunscreen products. Start this experiment by applying some of each sunscreen type on paper and placing both pieces of paper in direct sunlight for several hours. Sundial (日晷) Experiment Using a sundial to tell time is a fascinating science activity that helps students gain knowledge of shadows and the movement of sunlight across the sky. Through this hands-on experiment，students gain an opportunity to see how people in previous times knew time without clocks or watches. Start this experiment by asking students to identify an outdoor spot that receives sunlight all day，placing a flat board there，tracing the shadows onto it and noting where the shadows will fall at certain points of the day. Mineral Experiment Students learn to identify rocks and minerals through this simple experiment. They use a plate to test the hardness of various common minerals. They also observe how these minerals form crystals (晶体) and how they break apart differently from others. This lesson helps students understand the characteristics and uses of different minerals. Students can even form “companies” and compete to mine different types of rocks with specific features. 1．What is the main purpose of using beads in the sunscreen experiment？ A．To compare the prices of sunscreen. B．To show the effectiveness of sunscreen. C．To analyze the impact of sunscreen on skin. D．To demonstrate chemical reactions in sunscreen. 2．How do students begin the sundial experiment？ A．By building a sundial from beginning. B．By comparing different types of sundials. C．By measuring the length of their shadows. D．By identifying a sunny spot and using a flat board. 3．What does the mineral experiment allow students to do？ A．Observe crystal formation. B．Learn geological history. C．Sell rocks they mine. D．Form companies. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个适合学生做的科学实验。 1．答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据Sunscreen Experiment下的“This science fair project uses simple white beads (珠子) that change color when exposed to UV rays (紫外线) so children can compare the effectiveness of different sunscreen products.”可知，在防晒实验中使用珠子的主要目的是来展示防晒霜的功效。故选B项。 2．答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据Sundial(日晷)Experiment下的“Start this experiment by asking students...will fall at certain points of the day.”可知，学生找一个阳光充足的地方，用一块平板来开始日晷实验。故选D项。 3．答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据Mineral Experiment下的“They also observe how these minerals form crystals (晶体) and how they break apart differently from others.”可知，Mineral Experiment允许学生观察晶体形成。故选A项。 B How can a large city find water for 10 million people if it is in the desert？ Fog-catching nets on hills around the city of Lima，the capital of Peru，could solve the city's water shortages for good.A twenty-meter high net tower will soon be displayed in the city as a solution to the problem. Peru's capital city has just one inch of rain a year.The city sees high annual temperatures and water consumption rates.Located in a desert，the city's temperatures are higher than world averages.However，a unique feature of Lima's weather offers a way of meeting some of this demand.Located on the coast，Lima's surrounding hills are constantly bathed in waves of fog coming off the Pacific Ocean，and the moisture (湿气) taken in by plants ensures they stay green year-round. Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent，Alberto Fernandez，a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London，has designed a series of towers and fog-catching nets.They can collect as much as 1，000 liters of water per day，amounting to 3.6 million liters per year，if enough are put into use.Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds，collecting more vital water vapor (蒸气)，and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind，the moisture-rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly. The water will largely be used for agriculture—as the water would require filtering (过滤) before consumption—helping free up resources for city residents.Cheaper than filtering water from the Rimac River，these towers and nets，which Fernandez says could be built up to 200 meters high，are part of a series of designs for the Lima 2035 project.It aims to change current desertification and create a new place for sustainable and human-centered food systems that promote healthy diets and improve incomes in the driest city on Earth. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了秘鲁的首都利马这座地球上最干旱的城市如何通过安装捕雾网来解决水资源短缺的问题。 4．What makes plants in Lima stay green year-round？ A．The heavy rainfall. B．The high temperature. C．The net tower. D．The unique location. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Located on the coast，Lima's surrounding hills are constantly bathed in waves of fog coming off the Pacific Ocean，and the moisture (湿气) taken in by plants ensures they stay green year-round.”可知，利马位于海岸的独特位置让其可以笼罩在雾浪中，让植物全年保持绿色。故选D项。 5．What does Fernandez draw inspirations from？ A．The direction of the wind. B．The moisture-rich fog. C．The height of the tower. D．The fog-catching net. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent，Alberto Fernandez，a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London，has designed a series of towers and fog-catching nets.”可知，Fernandez的灵感来自农村社区放置的捕雾网。故选D项。 6．What will Fernandez's design mainly help to do？ A．Supply drinking water. B．Turn desert into rich soil. C．Increase food production. D．Develop healthy lifestyles. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The water will largely be used for agriculture—as the water would require filtering (过滤) before consumption—helping free up resources for city residents.”和“It aims to change current desertification and create a new place for sustainable and human-centered food systems that promote healthy diets and improve incomes in the driest city on Earth.”可知，Fernandez的设计主要将帮助为农业提供用水，提高当地的粮食产量。故选C项。 7．Which of the following would be a suitable title for the text？ A．Fog-catching towers help solve water shortage B．The driest city on Earth faces a serious problem C．Fernandez designed the first fog-catching net D．Water plays a role in a sustainable food system 答案：A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可知，文章围绕利马通过安装捕雾网来解决水资源短缺的问题展开，介绍了利马的地理位置使得雾气成为一种宝贵的水资源，设计师利用这一特点设计了高耸的塔和捕雾网，每天可以收集大量的雾水，为城市提供稳定的水源。这些收集的水将主要用于农业，为城市居民提供一种可持续的水资源解决方案。因此，A项“捕雾塔有助于解决水资源短缺问题”最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·辽宁抚顺开学考试) Seven years ago，Naaz Ozair's life took a heartbreaking turn when he lost his young nephew to cancer. The tragedy left him searching for answers，and he found a(n) 1 reality：Even small plastic particles could 2 severe health issues like cancer. 3 to turn his pain into action，Naaz made it his mission to 4 plastic use in our daily lives. As a teacher in Muzaffarpur，India at the time，he was good at solving complex problems. After many failed 5 to discover a practicable plastic alternative，Naaz 6 an unexpected solution：corn husk(玉米皮). What started as an experiment quickly 7 something much bigger. Naaz began making 8 products，including chocolate wrappers，cups，etc.—all from corn husk. His business now has over 10 different products，and he's selling more than 1，000 items daily. However，the path to 9 wasn't easy. To make a real difference，Naaz left behind his stable teaching career，devoting his time and energy 10 to research and product development. Naaz's products not only help reduce plastic waste but also 11 local farmers in his region，providing them with an additional 12 ，where corn is grown three times a year. Today，Naaz's work is 13 by the local government and he's focused on expanding his business. His journey from personal tragedy to creating eco-friendly solutions has not only 14 his own life but is also making a significant 15 on the environment and local communities. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。Naaz的侄子因癌症离世，这一悲剧促使Naaz探寻塑料替代品。他发现玉米皮后，开始制作环保产品。这一行动不仅改变了他的生活，还对环境及当地社区产生了重大影响 。 1．A．exciting B．frightening C．confusing D．disturbing 答案：B 解析：根据空后“reality：Even small plastic particles could severe health issues like cancer”可知，Naaz发现即使是最小的塑料颗粒也能导致严重的健康问题，由此可知，这个现实是可怕的，故选B项。 2．A．contribute to B．connect with C．pass down D．engage in 答案：A 解析：根据空前的“Even small plastic particles could”以及空后“severe health issues like cancer”可知，此处指的是塑料微颗粒会引起癌症等严重的健康问题，故选A项。 3．A．Curious B．Inspired C．Determined D．Confident 答案：C 解析：根据空后“to turn his pain into action，Naaz made it his mission to plastic use in our daily lives”可知，Naaz决心将痛苦转化为切实的行动，故选C项。 4．A．monitor B．reduce C．improve D．ban 答案：B 解析：根据空后“plastic use in our daily lives”可知，此处指的是减少塑料的使用，故选B项。 5．A．operations B．intentions C．preparations D．attempts 答案：D 解析：根据空前“After many failed”以及空后“to discover a practicable plastic alternative，Naaz an unexpected solution：corn husk(玉米皮)”可知，Naaz在使用玉米皮之前曾多次尝试其他的塑料替代品，故选D项。 6．A．invented B．observed C．identified D．proposed 答案：C 解析：根据空后“an unexpected solution：corn husk(玉米皮)”可知，此处指的是Naaz多次尝试塑料替代品失败后发现了玉米皮，故选C项。 7．A．turned into B．translated into C．reacted to D．adapted to 答案：A 解析：根据空后“something much bigger. Naaz began making products，including chocolate wrappers，cups，etc.—all from corn husk.”可知，Naaz开始用玉米皮制作可持续产品，由此可知，他将最初的实验变成了更大的事情，故选A项。 8．A．sustainable B．old C．plastic D．optional 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“products，including chocolate wrappers，cups，etc.—all from corn husk”可知，Naaz制作的这些东西都是用玉米皮制成的，因此是环保的、可持续的，故选A项。 9．A．discovery B．success C．adventure D．ambition 答案：B 解析：根据空前的“the path to”以及空后的“wasn't easy”可知，此处指的是通往成功的道路，故选B项。 10．A．actually B．regularly C．entirely D．creatively 答案：C 解析：根据空前“To make a real difference，Naaz left behind his stable teaching career，devoting his time and energy”以及空后“to research and product development”可知，为了做出真正的改变，Naaz放弃了他稳定的教学事业，由此可知，Naaz将精力完全投入到了研究和产品开发中，故选C项。 11．A．impress B．guarantee C．involve D．benefit 答案：D 解析：根据空后“local farmers in his region，providing them with an additional ”可知，Naaz的产品为当地农民提供了额外的收入，由此可知，他的产品让当地农民收益，故选D项。 12．A．investment B．income C．honour D．responsibility 答案：B 解析：根据空前“Naaz's products not only help reduce plastic waste but also local farmers in his region，providing them with an additional”以及空后“where corn is grown three times a year”可知，在当地玉米一年种植三次，由此可知，Naaz的玉米皮制成的产品肯定会增加当地农民的收入，故选B项。 13．A．affected B．controlled C．rejected D．recognized 答案：D 解析：根据空后“by the local government”可知，Naaz的工作得到了当地政府的认可，故选D项。 14．A．transformed B．restored C．explored D．destroyed 答案：A 解析：根据空前“His journey from personal tragedy to creating eco-friendly solutions has not only”以及空后“his own life but is also making a significant on the environment and local communities”可知，Naaz的工作改变了他自己的生活，故选A项。 15．A．demand B．warning C．impact D．comment 答案：C 解析：根据空前“His journey from personal tragedy to creating eco-friendly solutions has not only his own life but is also making a significant”以及空后“on the environment and local communities”可知，此处指的是Naaz的工作对环境和社区产生了影响。make a significant impact on意为“对……产生重大影响”，故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $