Unit 3 Comics and animation 被动语态（一般现在时）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语单元学案以“一般现在时被动语态”为核心，围绕定义、构成、句式、变化规则及用法设计学习目标，通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式结构，结合表格梳理、典型例句与正误对比，构建完整知识体系，引导学生从基础理解到综合应用。 亮点在于语法模块的系统整合与语境化应用设计，如主动变被动转换步骤拆解、完成句子中“牛仔裤由棉制成”等真实情境练习，培养语言能力和思维品质。配套单选、阅读等多样化题型，助力学生巩固语法规则并提升解题能力，为教师单元复习提供结构化教学支持，促进学生深度学习与能力迁移。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Comics and animation（新教材沪教版） （被动语态（一般现在时）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理一般现在时被动语态的定义、构成、句式、变化规则及用法，搭配典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握其应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、核心基础 1. 定义 主语是动作的承受者，表 “…… 被……”；主动语态主语是动作发出者 被动：The room is cleaned by me.（房间被我打扫） 主动：I clean the room.（我打扫房间） 2. 基本构成 am/is/are + 动词过去分词（done） （am/is/are 随主语人称和数变化） ① He is invited to the party.（正确） ② They are taught English.（正确） 错误：He invite to the party.（缺 be 动词和过去分词） 二、过去分词变化规则 1. 规则变化 ① 一般情况：加 ed（work→worked、clean→cleaned） ② 不发音 e 结尾：加 d（love→loved、use→used） ③ 辅音 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 ed（study→studied、carry→carried） ④ 重读闭音节：双写尾辅音加 ed（stop→stopped、plan→planned） ① work→worked（正确） ② love→loved（正确） ③ study→studied（正确） 错误：stop→stoped（修正：stopped） 2. 不规则变化（必记） do→done、see→seen、eat→eaten、go→gone、write→written、take→taken ① The letter is written by her.（正确） ② The work is done.（正确） 错误：The letter is wrote by her.（修正：written） 三、四大基础句式 1. 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by sb.) （by sb. 表动作发出者，可省略） ① Many trees are planted every year.（正确） ② This song is sung by Lucy.（正确） 错误：Many trees plant every year.（缺 be 动词和过去分词） 2. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are not + 过去分词 (+ by sb.) （缩写：isn’t/aren’t） ① Many trees aren’t planted every year.（正确） ② He isn’t allowed to go out.（正确） 错误：He not allowed to go out.（缺 be 动词） 3. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)? 回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are./ No, 主语 + am/is/are not. ① Are many trees planted every year? — Yes, they are.（正确） ② Is the room cleaned by him? — No, it isn’t.（正确） 错误：Do many trees planted every year?（误用助动词 do） 4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)? ① What are planted every year?（正确） ② Who is the letter written by?（正确） 错误：What planted every year?（缺 be 动词和疑问语序） 四、主动语态变被动语态 转换步骤 1. 主动宾语→被动主语；2. 主动谓语→am/is/are + 过去分词；3. 主动主语→被动 by 的宾语（可省略） 主动：We plant flowers in the garden. 被动：Flowers are planted in the garden (by us).（正确） 错误：We are planted flowers in the garden.（主被动混淆） 五、核心用法 1. 不明 / 无需说明动作发出者 无需提及 “谁做”，重点在动作承受者 A tree is often planted in the garden.（花园里常种一棵树，不明种植者） 2. 强调动作承受者 突出主语（承受者），弱化发出者 This song is usually sung by me.（强调这首歌被 “我” 唱） 使用注意事项 1. 被动语态必须包含 “am/is/are + 过去分词”，不可遗漏 be 动词或误用动词原形 / 现在分词，例如：The homework is finished（正确），The homework finished（错误）。 2. 不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆，不可套用规则变化，例如：write→written（正确），write→wrote（错误，wrote 是过去式，非过去分词）。 3. 主动变被动时，若主动句宾语是代词，需变为宾格形式作被动主语，例如：主动：He helps her. 被动：She is helped by him（正确）。 4. by sb. 可省略的情况：动作发出者不明、不重要或无需强调时，例如：Rice is grown in the south（正确，无需说明 “被谁种”）。 5. 一般现在时被动语态与主动语态的区别：根据主语是 “承受者” 还是 “发出者” 判断，例如：People use computers（主动，人是发出者），Computers are used by people（被动，电脑是承受者）。 一、单项选择 1．—Do you know Love Teeth Day? —Yes. It ________ on September 20 every year. It is a day to remind people to take good care of their teeth. A．celebrates B．is celebrated C．celebrated D．is celebrating 2．If children ________ more chances to do things on their own, they will become more independent. A．will be given B．give C．are given D．have given 3．Now there are too many apps on the phone. For users who don’t want them, space on the phone ________. A．takes away B．is taken away C．takes up D．is taken up 4．In the Wolong Panda Reserve, visitors ________ to get closer to pandas. A．allow B．allowed C．are allowing D．are allowed 5．There’s no doubt that poisonous capsules (胶囊) will appear again unless the producers ________ strictly. A．have punished B．punish C．are punished D．are punishing 6．—Who will be the winner of this year’s school art festival? —No one will know the result until it ________ next Friday. A．announces B．is announced C．will announce D．will be announced 7．Every day Mary does her homework first, and then ________ basketball with her friends. A．is playing B．played C．plays D．will play 8．—I wonder if you ______ to the school concert tomorrow. —If I ______, I will go with pleasure. A．go; am invited B．will go; was invited C．will go; am invited D．go; will be invited 9．--- There is too much salt in the Chinese diet. ---So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt for each man every day. A．is needed B．needs C．will need D．has needed 10．—As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _______ in more and more schools out of our country.   —That’s true. As a Chinese, I feel very proud. A．teaches B．has taught C．is taught D．was taught 11．—My friend took the high-speed train(高铁) to Beijing last week, and it was so fast. —Nowadays, high-speed trains________one of the New Four Great Inventions in China. A．were called B．are calling C．are called D．were calling 12．Rubbish ________ into different groups in many cities now to make recycling easier. A．separates B．separated C．is separated D．was separated 13．My brother ________ (not have) to go to school today because it’s a holiday. A．doesn’t have B．didn’t have C．won’t have D．doesn’t have to 14．The boy always has lots of math ________ to do, but he still ________ every day. A．exercise; exercises B．exercises; exercise C．exercise; exercise D．exercises; exercises 15．—The teacher tells us that P.E will be more and more important in the Entrance Examination for the high school (中考). —Don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．is paid B．will be paid C．will pay D．pays 二、完成句子 1. 牛仔裤在学生们中间很流行，因为他们是棉制成的并且很舒服。 Jeans are among students ,because they are cotton and are very . 2. 这颗红色的行星因其颜色被称为火星。 The red planet Mars because of its color. 3. 地球表面约70%被水覆盖。 About 70% of the Earth’s surface water. 4. 莉莉经常被提醒在公众场合要降低音量。 Lily is often in public. 5. 每年，农民们种植许多的树在那些山上。（完成译句） Many trees on those hills by the farmers every year. 6. 杰克和汤姆是好朋友，他们被认为是彼此的好帮手。 Jack and Tom are good friends, they as great helpers of each other. 7. 这在中国可以，但在西方文化中被认为是粗鲁的。 It’s in China, but it’s in Western cultures. 8. 我们的运动会通常在九月份举行。 Our sports meeting usually in September. 9. 每周设立一个无家庭作业日的决定，受到所有学生的欢迎。 The decision to have a No-Homework Day every week by all students. 10. We change the water in this swimming pool every two months. (改为被动语态) The swimming pool’s water every two months. 11. 根据新规定，学生不被允许携带个人手机进入课堂。 According to the new rule, students bring mobile phones into the classrooms. 12. Henry总是被期望参加学校的体育赛事，但实际上他对它没有兴趣。 Henry always to take part in school sports events, but actually he has no it. 13. The workers produce cars in the factory. → Cars the workers in the factory. 14. Working in pairs offers us more chances to speak English in class.（改为被动语态） More chances to us to speak English in class by working in pairs. 15. 小组合作很有必要，因为更多的机会被提供给学生们来相互学习。 Working in groups is because more chances are for students to learn from each other. 三、阅读理解 A Choose the best answer. Kid Heroes for the Planet Get inspired by reading about four young people who have taken action for Mother Earth. They’re our Kid Heroes for the Planet. Who are yours?Fighting wildfire When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family moved to Northern California. Soon after, one of California’s largest wildfires in history broke out. Her school was about 200 miles south of the fire, but students had to wear masks because of the smoke. This unfamiliar experience inspired her to find a solution. Reshma created a way to use artificial intelligence to predict forest fires. Her method is nearly 90% accurate. “I realized that if I could pull this off, the results could be quite helpful in saving lives and helping the environment,” said Reshma, now 17. Recycling power On his tenth birthday, Sri Nihal Tammana learned that 15 billion batteries are thrown out and end up in landfills (垃圾填埋地) each year. They pollute groundwater and harm the environment. Now 14, Nihal runs Recycle My Battery, which provides recycling bins for batteries. The organization has a team of 250 student volunteers around the world. Over the last three years, they’ve helped recycle over 260,000 batteries. Nihal has won many awards for his environmental efforts. “My biggest goal for this organization is to bring the 15 billion batteries being thrown away each year worldwide to zero,” he says. Rescue effort To help save sharks, Miles Fetherston-Resch, 10, started a nonprofit (非营利组织) called Kids Saving Oceans with his mom. Its website sells T-shirts, hats and stickers made from recycled plastic found in the ocean. So far, they’ve donated around $40,000 from the sales to support clean waterways. Miles has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. His conservation (保护) efforts have been driven by his personal passion. “If you have an idea, go for it,” he says. “The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” A greener future Mia Price, 18, leads the sustainability committee (委员会) at the Kinkaid School in Houston. The committee recently met its goal of removing plastic water bottles from the school dining center. Now, Price aims to make the entire campus greener. After doing research, she put forward a proposal to the school’s leaders and building committee to install solar panels (安装太阳能电池板) and LED lightbulbs, as well as to recycle materials from the old gym. “You need to take the time to make the sustainable choice,” she says. “Sometimes, it may be a little inconvenient. But you will feel happier because, in the end, it is making a difference. 1. Reshma developed a way to predict wildfires ________. A．using AI technology B．out of her personal interest C．with the support of her mother D．after leaving Northern California 2. What can we learn about Recycle My Battery from the article? A．It consists of 250 local volunteers. B．It was founded by Nihal at the age of 11. C．It has helped recycle over a million batteries. D．It aims to collect 15 billion batteries each year. 3. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe Miles? A．Cautious. B．Creative. C．Generous. D．Hopeful. 4. To make her school greener, Mia came up with all of the following ideas EXCEPT ________. A．switching to energy-efficient lighting B．introducing renewable energy sources C．taking advantage of used materials at the school D．recycling plastic bottles from the dining center 5. Mia thinks it is ________ to live a sustainable life. A．quite simple B．still painful C．very worthwhile D．increasingly popular B The media landscape has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past few decades. Traditional media, such as newspapers, radio, and television, once dominated how people consumed information and entertainment. However, with the rise of the internet and digital technology, these platforms now face unprecedented challenges. According to recent statistics, the global digital media market is expected to reach $350 billion by 2025, while print media continues to decline, with newspaper circulation dropping by nearly 50% since the early 2000s. Digital media has revolutionized how content is created, distributed, and consumed. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become primary sources of news for many users, especially younger generations. These platforms enable instant sharing of information, allowing news to spread virally within minutes. However, this speed has also led to challenges, such as the spread of misinformation and “fake news”, which traditional media outlets with established fact checking processes are less prone to. Another significant shift is the rise of streaming services like Netflix, Hulu, and Disney+, which have transformed how people watch television and movies. Unlike traditional broadcast networks, these services offer on-demand content, allowing viewers to watch what they want, when they want. This shift has led to a decline in traditional TV viewership, with younger audiences increasingly turning to streaming platforms for their entertainment needs. The advertising industry has also evolved dramatically. Digital advertising now accounts for over 50% of all advertising spending globally, surpassing traditional methods like TV commercials and print ads. Advertisers are increasingly leveraging data analytics to target specific demographics, making digital ads more effective and personalized. Despite these changes, traditional media is not disappearing entirely. Instead, many organizations are adapting by integrating digital strategies. For example, newspapers like The New York Times have shifted their focus to digital subscriptions, while TV networks are launching their own streaming services. This hybrid approach suggests that the future of media may not be a replacement of old by new, but rather a coexistence where each platform leverages its unique strengths. 1. What is the primary reason for the decline of traditional media like newspapers and television? A．Increased production costs B．The rise of digital media and the internet C．Decreased interest in news and entertainment D．Government regulations on media companies 2. Which of the following is a challenge associated with social media as a news source? A．Faster distribution of news B．Spread of misinformation and fake news C．Increased engagement with content D．Higher quality of journalistic standards 3. What has contributed to the growth of streaming services? A．The decline of movie theaters B．The availability of on-demand content C．The increase in traditional TV viewership D．The decrease in internet speeds 4. How has the advertising industry adapted to media changes? A．By focusing solely on print advertisements B．By reducing overall advertising budgets C．By using data analytics for targeted ads D．By eliminating digital advertising 5. What strategy are traditional media companies using to remain relevant? A．Completely abandoning digital platforms B．Integrating digital strategies with their existing models C．Relying exclusively on government support D．Ignoring changes in consumer behavior C Marie Curie, born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867, was a pioneering physicist and chemist who made groundbreaking contributions to the study of radioactivity. Despite facing significant obstacles as a woman in a male-dominated field, she became the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific disciplines—Physics in 1903 and Chemistry in 1911. Curie’s early life was marked by hardship. Her family, once part of the educated middle class, fell into financial ruin due to political turmoil in Poland. Determined to pursue higher education, she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the Sorbonne, where she excelled academically. In 1895, she married Pierre Curie, a French physicist, and the couple began collaborating on research into radioactive materials. Their most famous discovery was the isolation of two new elements, polonium (named after Marie’s homeland) and radium, from pitchblende, a uranium-rich mineral. This work earned them the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with Henri Becquerel, who first discovered radioactivity. Tragically, Pierre died in a street accident in 1906, leaving Marie to continue their research alone. Despite personal grief, Curie persisted. In 1911, she won her second Nobel Prize. this time in Chemistry, for her work on radium and polonium. She became the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne and later established the Radium Institute in Paris to further study radioactive elements. During World War I, she developed mobile X-ray units, known as “petites Curies”, to help treat wounded soldiers. Curie’s dedication to science came at a personal cost. Prolonged exposure to radioactive materials eventually led to her death from aplastic anemia in 1934. However, her legacy endures. She inspired generations of scientists and laid the foundation for modern research into nuclear energy and cancer treatment. 1. What was Marie Curie’s birth name? A．Maria Sklodowska. B．Maria Pierre. C．Maria Becquerel. D．Maria Radium. 2. In which two scientific fields did Marie Curie win Nobel Prizes? A．Physics and Biology. B．Chemistry and Medicine. C．Physics and Chemistry. D．Biology and Medicine. 3. Why did Marie Curie name one of the elements she discovered “polonium”? A．To honor her husband. B．To honor her homeland. C．To honor her mentor. D．To honor her colleague. 4. What was the primary cause of Marie Curie’s death? A．A street accident. B．Aplastic anemia from radiation exposure. C．Cancer from overwork. D．Heart disease. 5. What was one of Marie Curie’s contributions during World War I? A．Developing mobile X-ray units. B．Inventing the first nuclear reactor. C．Creating a vaccine for soldiers. D．Leading medical research teams. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 They used to call her “the witch” (女巫), but today I found things were different. My legs were too short to reach the floor from up there on the big chair. I was so 1 that my legs started to shake. It was the first time I had been to the principal’s (校长的) office. And I knew 2 she was going to ask me. Why had I been running on the corridor in the school building? Why hadn’t I followed the school rules? The principal’s secretary was sitting at her desk. She kept asking me questions like whether I liked school and what grade I was in. I didn’t want to talk to her, 3 I just gave one-word answers. Then she asked what my dad did. But I didn’t really know what he did, so I made something up. “He plays basketball for the Boston Celtics.” I said. The secretary just looked at me, and said 4 more. Just then, the door to the principal’s office opened. There she was, the woman that everyone called “the witch”. Was she really that bad? She told me about the pictures on her desk. I was surprised that she had a family and a kid, just like me. Then she asked how my family was. It turned out that she had known me since I was only a few weeks old. I was happy to hear that. If she knew my mum, then I wouldn’t get into much 5 . She told me about the rules of the school building. But she didn’t punish or 6 me. And I forgot all the bad things I had heard about “the witch”. I had met her and I knew she was nice. 1. A．happy B．afraid C．interested D．excited 2. A．how B．why C．that D．what 3. A．then B．but C．so D．or 4. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 5. A．problems B．difficult C．trouble D．fun 6．A．point at B．shout at C．look at D．smile at Passage 2 In the early 1900s, American chemist Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment, which showed the dangers of uncontrolled food additives (添加剂) and made people realize the importance of knowing what was in the food they bought. However, it wasn’t until almost 90 years later that a law asked companies to display what was really 1 the boxes, cans, and bags in American grocery stores. Then, consumers (消费者) had clear information to help them make healthier choices. Today, it’s hard to imagine walking around a supermarket without these labels. Yet when we browse the internet—another necessary marketplace in our lives—there is 2 information about what we are “consuming” with each click. We're taking in huge amounts of digital information, often without any idea of its “nutritional” content. Just like nutrition labels (营养标签) that help you make better choices about what enters your body, content labels can help you take control of what gets into your 3 . This will reduce harmful behavior such as useless surfing and time wasted on meaningless browsing. With social media platforms under attack for creating bad feelings, a content labeling system could offer users a much-needed tool to make healthier digital choices. 4 , U. S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy recently suggested warning labels for online platforms. Much like cigarette packages, they should tell users about the 5 of browsing harmful content. What’s more, that’s not enough—we also need instructions. Content labels provide those. They offer a way for users to control their “diets” on the Internet. With the help of these tools, we could 6 content labels before diving into a news article or blog post. 1. A．on B．inside C．outside D．under 2. A．many B．much C．little D．few 3. A．heart B．mouth C．action D．mind 4. A．In fact B．However C．In a word D．After all 5. A．advantages B．risks C．reasons D．uses 6.A．follow B．create C．check D．notice Passage 3 A few years back, Mrs. Waters, our head teacher, started a school newspaper. She wanted students and their parents to help. The idea was to let everyone know more about school activities. Students took the whole thing very 1 —and we now have a prize-winning newspaper! Some of my friends joined the newspaper team immediately and enjoyed it. I’d always loved creative writing and drawing cartoons, so I signed up too. My dad, who’s a reporter, was pleased and thought it would be a great opportunity for me. He was right—I loved it! Dad often gave us 2 which was very useful. My first job was to write a report about a sports event, a style I had never tried before. Dad reminded me it was 3 in some ways to writing a story—getting information in the right order. Once I’d understood that, there was nothing stopping me. I developed quite a professional style. Sometimes the team couldn’t use my work, but I didn’t 4 . It was also hard to finish on time sometimes, but I usually managed. Now, I’m one of the 5 . We decide what goes into the newspaper. Sometimes it’s hard because we have so little time, but we try to manage that properly. We also find and correct mistakes in the articles. 6 , it was hard to get used to, but now we are better at finding mistakes. 1. A．politely B．seriously C．carelessly D．comfortably 2. A．time B．tricks C．advice D．choices 3. A．similar B．ordinary C．natural D．familiar 4. A．accept B．mind C．pretend D．communicate 5. A．secretaries B．accountants C．photographers D．editors 6. A．For example B．In a way C．At first D．On the other hand 10 / 12乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Comics and animation（新教材沪教版） （被动语态（一般现在时）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理一般现在时被动语态的定义、构成、句式、变化规则及用法，搭配典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握其应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、核心基础 1. 定义 主语是动作的承受者，表 “…… 被……”；主动语态主语是动作发出者 被动：The room is cleaned by me.（房间被我打扫） 主动：I clean the room.（我打扫房间） 2. 基本构成 am/is/are + 动词过去分词（done） （am/is/are 随主语人称和数变化） ① He is invited to the party.（正确） ② They are taught English.（正确） 错误：He invite to the party.（缺 be 动词和过去分词） 二、过去分词变化规则 1. 规则变化 ① 一般情况：加 ed（work→worked、clean→cleaned） ② 不发音 e 结尾：加 d（love→loved、use→used） ③ 辅音 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 ed（study→studied、carry→carried） ④ 重读闭音节：双写尾辅音加 ed（stop→stopped、plan→planned） ① work→worked（正确） ② love→loved（正确） ③ study→studied（正确） 错误：stop→stoped（修正：stopped） 2. 不规则变化（必记） do→done、see→seen、eat→eaten、go→gone、write→written、take→taken ① The letter is written by her.（正确） ② The work is done.（正确） 错误：The letter is wrote by her.（修正：written） 三、四大基础句式 1. 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by sb.) （by sb. 表动作发出者，可省略） ① Many trees are planted every year.（正确） ② This song is sung by Lucy.（正确） 错误：Many trees plant every year.（缺 be 动词和过去分词） 2. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are not + 过去分词 (+ by sb.) （缩写：isn’t/aren’t） ① Many trees aren’t planted every year.（正确） ② He isn’t allowed to go out.（正确） 错误：He not allowed to go out.（缺 be 动词） 3. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)? 回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are./ No, 主语 + am/is/are not. ① Are many trees planted every year? — Yes, they are.（正确） ② Is the room cleaned by him? — No, it isn’t.（正确） 错误：Do many trees planted every year?（误用助动词 do） 4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)? ① What are planted every year?（正确） ② Who is the letter written by?（正确） 错误：What planted every year?（缺 be 动词和疑问语序） 四、主动语态变被动语态 转换步骤 1. 主动宾语→被动主语；2. 主动谓语→am/is/are + 过去分词；3. 主动主语→被动 by 的宾语（可省略） 主动：We plant flowers in the garden. 被动：Flowers are planted in the garden (by us).（正确） 错误：We are planted flowers in the garden.（主被动混淆） 五、核心用法 1. 不明 / 无需说明动作发出者 无需提及 “谁做”，重点在动作承受者 A tree is often planted in the garden.（花园里常种一棵树，不明种植者） 2. 强调动作承受者 突出主语（承受者），弱化发出者 This song is usually sung by me.（强调这首歌被 “我” 唱） 使用注意事项 1. 被动语态必须包含 “am/is/are + 过去分词”，不可遗漏 be 动词或误用动词原形 / 现在分词，例如：The homework is finished（正确），The homework finished（错误）。 2. 不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆，不可套用规则变化，例如：write→written（正确），write→wrote（错误，wrote 是过去式，非过去分词）。 3. 主动变被动时，若主动句宾语是代词，需变为宾格形式作被动主语，例如：主动：He helps her. 被动：She is helped by him（正确）。 4. by sb. 可省略的情况：动作发出者不明、不重要或无需强调时，例如：Rice is grown in the south（正确，无需说明 “被谁种”）。 5. 一般现在时被动语态与主动语态的区别：根据主语是 “承受者” 还是 “发出者” 判断，例如：People use computers（主动，人是发出者），Computers are used by people（被动，电脑是承受者）。 一、单项选择 1．—Do you know Love Teeth Day? —Yes. It ________ on September 20 every year. It is a day to remind people to take good care of their teeth. A．celebrates B．is celebrated C．celebrated D．is celebrating 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道爱牙日吗？——知道。它每年在9月20日被庆祝。这是一个提醒人们好好照顾牙齿的日子。 考查动词时态和语态辨析。根据句意可知，主语It指的是Love Teeth Day，与动词celebrate之间构成被动关系，即“爱牙日被庆祝”，所以应该用被动语态，结构为“be+动词的过去分词”。根据时间状语every year可知，句子描述的是每年都发生的情况，所以用一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数，be动词用is，celebrate的过去分词是celebrated。因此，应该用一般现在时的被动语态is celebrated。故选B。 2．If children ________ more chances to do things on their own, they will become more independent. A．will be given B．give C．are given D．have given 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果孩子们被给予更多的机会来独立做事，他们将更独立。 考查If引导的条件状语从句时态和被动语态。根据“If children ... more chances to do things on their own, they will become more independent.”可知，从句部分主语语与谓语是被动关系，应用被动语态，可排除BD选项；If引导的条件状语从句部分用一般现在时表示将来，空处需用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 3．Now there are too many apps on the phone. For users who don’t want them, space on the phone ________. A．takes away B．is taken away C．takes up D．is taken up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：现在手机上有太多的应用软件了。对于不想要他们的使用者来说。手机空间被占用了。 考查动词短语和被动语态。takes away拿开；is taken away被拿开；takes up占用；is taken up被占用。根据语意分析及“Now there are too many apps on the phone.”可知，手机上的空间被占用，所以用take up。根据主语是space，所以应该用被动语态。故选D。 4．In the Wolong Panda Reserve, visitors ________ to get closer to pandas. A．allow B．allowed C．are allowing D．are allowed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在卧龙熊猫保护区，游客可以近距离接触熊猫。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，本句陈述的是一般性事实，需用一般现在时，可排除B/C选项；且主语“visitors”和动词“allow”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(be done)。故选D。 5．There’s no doubt that poisonous capsules (胶囊) will appear again unless the producers ________ strictly. A．have punished B．punish C．are punished D．are punishing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，有毒胶囊还会再次出现，除非对生产商进行严格的处罚。 考查被动语态。根据“unless the producers”可知，unless引导的从句用一般现在时；从句主语与动词punish是被动关系，因此从句是一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。 6．—Who will be the winner of this year’s school art festival? —No one will know the result until it ________ next Friday. A．announces B．is announced C．will announce D．will be announced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今年学校艺术节的获胜者会是谁？——直到下周五它被宣布之前，没有人会知道结果。 考查被动语态和主从句时态。announces宣布，主动；is announced被宣布，被动；will announce将宣布，主动；will be announced将被宣布，被动。根据句意，“结果”是“被宣布”，应用被动语态；且主句为一般将来时，until引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时代替将来时。故选B。 7．Every day Mary does her homework first, and then ________ basketball with her friends. A．is playing B．played C．plays D．will play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽每天先做家庭作业，然后和她的朋友们一起打篮球。 考查动词时态。根据“Every day”及前句是一般现在时可知，后句也应用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单，故选C。 8．—I wonder if you ______ to the school concert tomorrow. —If I ______, I will go with pleasure. A．go; am invited B．will go; was invited C．will go; am invited D．go; will be invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道你明天是否去听学校音乐会。——如果我被邀请，我会很乐意去的。 第一空是if引导的宾语从句，时间状语是tomorrow可知用一般将来时，其结构是will+动词原形。排除AD；第二空是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，这里是被邀请，用一般现在时态的被动语态，其结构是be done的形式，主语是I，be动词用am。根据题意，故选C。 【点睛】条件从句 If＋一般现在时;主 句 主语＋shall/will+动词原形 用法 (1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导,意为“如果、假如”,主句不能用be going to表示将来,而应该用shall,will.。 (2)if “如果”,引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时 另外,主句是祈使句或含有情态动词,从句也用一般现在时。 注意 宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别.宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于 whether,引导宾语从句,时态需根据语境确定.如果主句用一般现在时,从句可以根据具体情况选用时态,如果主句用一般过去时,从句必须用过去式的某种形式.。 9．--- There is too much salt in the Chinese diet. ---So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt for each man every day. A．is needed B．needs C．will need D．has needed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——中国的饮食里有太多的盐。——的确是，世界健康组织说每人每天只需要1.5克的盐。 is needed一般现在时的被动语态，被需要；needs动词的第三人称单数形式；will need一般将来时；has needed现在完成时。根据句意可知，only 1.5 grams of salt与动词构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故选A。 10．—As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _______ in more and more schools out of our country.   —That’s true. As a Chinese, I feel very proud. A．teaches B．has taught C．is taught D．was taught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——随着中国越来越强大，国外越来越多的学校开设了汉语课。——确实这样，作为一个中国人，我感到非常自豪。首先根据设空处所在句子的句意"国外越来越多的学校开设了汉语课。"判断句子表述的是现在的客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语 Chinese是动作teach 的承受者，所以用被动语态，一般现在时被动语态的构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，故答案选C。 11．—My friend took the high-speed train(高铁) to Beijing last week, and it was so fast. —Nowadays, high-speed trains________one of the New Four Great Inventions in China. A．were called B．are calling C．are called D．were calling 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我朋友上周乘坐高铁到北京，真的太快了。——当今，高铁被称为中国的新4大发明之一。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。当今，可知是一般现在时，故排除AD；主语高铁high-speed trains和谓语call之间为被动关系，用被动语态。故选C。 12．Rubbish ________ into different groups in many cities now to make recycling easier. A．separates B．separated C．is separated D．was separated 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在在许多城市，垃圾被分成不同的组，以便更容易回收利用。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“now”可知，句子应用现在时，排除B和D；主语“Rubbish”和动词“separate”之间是被动关系，表示垃圾被分类，应用被动语态，其结构为“be done”，所以此处应用“is separated”。故选C。 13．My brother ________ (not have) to go to school today because it’s a holiday. A．doesn’t have B．didn’t have C．won’t have D．doesn’t have to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我弟弟今天不用上学，因为今天是假期。 考查时态和have to的用法。have有；have to不得不。根据“today”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是My brother，助动词用doesn’t，根据“to go to school today because it’s a holiday.”可知此处是不必去上学，用doesn’t have to。故选A。 14．The boy always has lots of math ________ to do, but he still ________ every day. A．exercise; exercises B．exercises; exercise C．exercise; exercise D．exercises; exercises 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个男孩总是有很多数学练习要做，但他仍然每天都锻炼。 考查名词复数和主谓一致。exercise作名词时，指“锻炼”时是不可数名词，指“练习”时是可数名词，根据“math”可知。第一空是指“数学练习”， lots of后面应为名词复数；第二空exercise用作动词，表示“锻炼”，根据every day可知，时态为一般现在时，第三人称单数he作主语，谓语用三单形式exercises。故选D。 15．—The teacher tells us that P.E will be more and more important in the Entrance Examination for the high school (中考). —Don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．is paid B．will be paid C．will pay D．pays 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——老师告诉我们体育在高中入学考试中会越来越重要。——别担心。如果多加注意，没有什么困难的。 考查被动语态。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，需用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态；从句主语more attention是单数第三人称，又是动词pay的承受者，需用被动语态，即is paid结构；根据句意语境，故选A。 二、完成句子 1. 牛仔裤在学生们中间很流行，因为他们是棉制成的并且很舒服。 Jeans are among students ,because they are cotton and are very . 【答案】 popular made of comfortable 【详解】be popular表示受欢迎的；be made of…表示由……制成；comfortable是形容词，意思是“舒适的”，根据汉语提示，故填 popular； made  of ；comfortable。 2. 这颗红色的行星因其颜色被称为火星。 The red planet Mars because of its color. 【答案】is called 【详解】时态为一般现在时，结合“被称为”可知，此处需用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，结构为is+动词过去分词形式，is called“被称为”。故填is called。 3. 地球表面约70%被水覆盖。 About 70% of the Earth’s surface water. 【答案】is covered with 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“被……覆盖”，其英文表达为be covered with，固定搭配；句子陈述的是事实，应用一般现在时，主语surface为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is covered with。 4. 莉莉经常被提醒在公众场合要降低音量。 Lily is often in public. 【答案】reminded to keep her voice down 【详解】对比中英文可知，remind to keep one’s voice down“提醒某人降低声音”；分析句子结构可知，此处为被动语态，应用动词过去分词reminded。故填reminded to keep her voice down。 5. 每年，农民们种植许多的树在那些山上。（完成译句） Many trees on those hills by the farmers every year. 【答案】 are planted 【详解】结合中英文提示可知，此处所缺表达为“种植”，译为plant；且根据“Many trees...by the farmers...”可知本句应用被动语态be planted，根据every year可知本句时态为一般现在时，且主语为复数形式，故填are；planted。 6. 杰克和汤姆是好朋友，他们被认为是彼此的好帮手。 Jack and Tom are good friends, they as great helpers of each other. 【答案】 are regarded 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“被认为是”；be regarded as“被认为是”，固定搭配，句子时态是一般现在时，主语they是复数，be动词用are。故填are；regarded。 7. 这在中国可以，但在西方文化中被认为是粗鲁的。 It’s in China, but it’s in Western cultures. 【答案】 OK considered rude 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，第一个空处表示“可以”，对应英文为“OK”；第二空和第三空表示“被认为是粗鲁的”，结合it’s可知此处为一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be done，consider“认为”，过去分词为considered，rude“粗鲁的”。故填OK；considered；rude。 8. 我们的运动会通常在九月份举行。 Our sports meeting usually in September. 【答案】 is held 【详解】根据“usually”可知时态是一般现在时，主语与谓语动词hold是被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，结构：be held，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is；held。 9. 每周设立一个无家庭作业日的决定，受到所有学生的欢迎。 The decision to have a No-Homework Day every week by all students. 【答案】 is welcomed 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“欢迎”，应填动词welcome，主语The decision与谓语动词welcome之间是被动关系，所以需用被动语态“be+过去分词”，welcome的过去分词是welcomed；句子描述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语是The decision，所以be动词用is。故填is；welcomed。 10. We change the water in this swimming pool every two months. (改为被动语态) The swimming pool’s water every two months. 【答案】 is changed 【详解】句意：我们每两个月更换一次这个游泳池的水。原句为主动语态，主语是“We”，谓语是“change”，宾语是“the water”。改为被动语态后，主语应为“The swimming pool’s water”，谓语变为“is changed”。故填is；changed。 11. 根据新规定，学生不被允许携带个人手机进入课堂。 According to the new rule, students bring mobile phones into the classrooms. 【答案】 are not allowed to 【详解】允许某人做某事：allow sb. to do sth.；根据主语“students”和“allow”可知，是被动关系；再者根据“According to the new rule”可知，此句是一般现在时的被动语态，且是否定句，应该用“be not+过去分词”结构，主语“students”是复数，因此be动词用are。故填are；not；allowed；to。 12. Henry总是被期望参加学校的体育赛事，但实际上他对它没有兴趣。 Henry always to take part in school sports events, but actually he has no it. 【答案】 is expected interest in 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为“被期待”和“对……感兴趣”。“被期待”be expected，此处为被动语态，结合语境和“always”可知，句子为一般现在时，句子主语Henry为三单，故此处be动词应用is，即is expected；根据“has no”可知，has no interest in“对……不感兴趣”。故填is；expected；interest；in。 13. The workers produce cars in the factory. → Cars the workers in the factory. 【答案】 are produced by 【详解】句意：工人们在工厂里生产汽车。由“produce”可知，时态为一般现在时，故被动语态要用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be done；主语为“cars”，be动词用are；produce的过去分词为produced；by“被”，后接动作的发出者。故填are；produced；by。 14. Working in pairs offers us more chances to speak English in class.（改为被动语态） More chances to us to speak English in class by working in pairs. 【答案】 are offered 【详解】句意：两人一组的协作为我们在课堂上讲英语提供了更多的机会。题目要求改为被动语态，原句中“more chances”与谓语“offers”为动宾关系，“more chances”作主语之后，谓语应改为are offered一般现在时被动语态结构。故填are；offered。 15. 小组合作很有必要，因为更多的机会被提供给学生们来相互学习。 Working in groups is because more chances are for students to learn from each other. 【答案】 necessary offered 【详解】necessary“必要的”，形容词作表语；offer“提供”，空处用过去分词与are构成被动语态。故填necessary；offered。 三、阅读理解 A Choose the best answer. Kid Heroes for the Planet Get inspired by reading about four young people who have taken action for Mother Earth. They’re our Kid Heroes for the Planet. Who are yours?Fighting wildfire When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family moved to Northern California. Soon after, one of California’s largest wildfires in history broke out. Her school was about 200 miles south of the fire, but students had to wear masks because of the smoke. This unfamiliar experience inspired her to find a solution. Reshma created a way to use artificial intelligence to predict forest fires. Her method is nearly 90% accurate. “I realized that if I could pull this off, the results could be quite helpful in saving lives and helping the environment,” said Reshma, now 17. Recycling power On his tenth birthday, Sri Nihal Tammana learned that 15 billion batteries are thrown out and end up in landfills (垃圾填埋地) each year. They pollute groundwater and harm the environment. Now 14, Nihal runs Recycle My Battery, which provides recycling bins for batteries. The organization has a team of 250 student volunteers around the world. Over the last three years, they’ve helped recycle over 260,000 batteries. Nihal has won many awards for his environmental efforts. “My biggest goal for this organization is to bring the 15 billion batteries being thrown away each year worldwide to zero,” he says. Rescue effort To help save sharks, Miles Fetherston-Resch, 10, started a nonprofit (非营利组织) called Kids Saving Oceans with his mom. Its website sells T-shirts, hats and stickers made from recycled plastic found in the ocean. So far, they’ve donated around $40,000 from the sales to support clean waterways. Miles has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. His conservation (保护) efforts have been driven by his personal passion. “If you have an idea, go for it,” he says. “The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” A greener future Mia Price, 18, leads the sustainability committee (委员会) at the Kinkaid School in Houston. The committee recently met its goal of removing plastic water bottles from the school dining center. Now, Price aims to make the entire campus greener. After doing research, she put forward a proposal to the school’s leaders and building committee to install solar panels (安装太阳能电池板) and LED lightbulbs, as well as to recycle materials from the old gym. “You need to take the time to make the sustainable choice,” she says. “Sometimes, it may be a little inconvenient. But you will feel happier because, in the end, it is making a difference. 1. Reshma developed a way to predict wildfires ________. A．using AI technology B．out of her personal interest C．with the support of her mother D．after leaving Northern California 2. What can we learn about Recycle My Battery from the article? A．It consists of 250 local volunteers. B．It was founded by Nihal at the age of 11. C．It has helped recycle over a million batteries. D．It aims to collect 15 billion batteries each year. 3. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe Miles? A．Cautious. B．Creative. C．Generous. D．Hopeful. 4. To make her school greener, Mia came up with all of the following ideas EXCEPT ________. A．switching to energy-efficient lighting B．introducing renewable energy sources C．taking advantage of used materials at the school D．recycling plastic bottles from the dining center 5. Mia thinks it is ________ to live a sustainable life. A．quite simple B．still painful C．very worthwhile D．increasingly popular 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 【导语】本文主题为环保少年英雄，文章依次介绍了四位来自不同国家、不同年龄段的少年为保护地球所做出的实际行动与成就。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Reshma created a way to use artificial intelligence to predict forest fires.”可知，Reshma想出了一种利用人工智能预测森林火灾的方法。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据“On his tenth birthday...Now 14, Nihal runs Recycle My Battery.”可知，他10岁得知电池污染问题，14岁运营该组织，由此推算创立于11岁。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“To help save sharks, Miles Fetherston-Resch, 10, started a nonprofit called Kids Saving Oceans with his mom. Its website sells T-shirts, hats and stickers made from recycled plastic found in the ocean. So far, they’ve donated around $40,000 from the sales to support clean waterways...If you have an idea, go for it.”可知，他和妈妈创立非营利组织，用海洋回收塑料制作周边售卖，说明他有创意；把销售额捐赠4万美元用于清洁水道，说明他慷慨；鼓励大家有想法就去做，即使失败也不是损失，说明他充满希望、勇于尝试。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据“met its goal of removing plastic water bottles from the school dining center”可知，此处指已实现从餐厅移除塑料水瓶的目标，这是已完成的事，并非“接下来提出的想法”。故选D。 5. 细节理解题。根据“Sometimes, it may be a little inconvenient. But you will feel happier because, in the end, it is making a difference.”可知，此处说明她认为可持续的生活虽然有点不方便，但最终能带来积极影响，是值得的。故选C。 B The media landscape has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past few decades. Traditional media, such as newspapers, radio, and television, once dominated how people consumed information and entertainment. However, with the rise of the internet and digital technology, these platforms now face unprecedented challenges. According to recent statistics, the global digital media market is expected to reach $350 billion by 2025, while print media continues to decline, with newspaper circulation dropping by nearly 50% since the early 2000s. Digital media has revolutionized how content is created, distributed, and consumed. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become primary sources of news for many users, especially younger generations. These platforms enable instant sharing of information, allowing news to spread virally within minutes. However, this speed has also led to challenges, such as the spread of misinformation and “fake news”, which traditional media outlets with established fact checking processes are less prone to. Another significant shift is the rise of streaming services like Netflix, Hulu, and Disney+, which have transformed how people watch television and movies. Unlike traditional broadcast networks, these services offer on-demand content, allowing viewers to watch what they want, when they want. This shift has led to a decline in traditional TV viewership, with younger audiences increasingly turning to streaming platforms for their entertainment needs. The advertising industry has also evolved dramatically. Digital advertising now accounts for over 50% of all advertising spending globally, surpassing traditional methods like TV commercials and print ads. Advertisers are increasingly leveraging data analytics to target specific demographics, making digital ads more effective and personalized. Despite these changes, traditional media is not disappearing entirely. Instead, many organizations are adapting by integrating digital strategies. For example, newspapers like The New York Times have shifted their focus to digital subscriptions, while TV networks are launching their own streaming services. This hybrid approach suggests that the future of media may not be a replacement of old by new, but rather a coexistence where each platform leverages its unique strengths. 1. What is the primary reason for the decline of traditional media like newspapers and television? A．Increased production costs B．The rise of digital media and the internet C．Decreased interest in news and entertainment D．Government regulations on media companies 2. Which of the following is a challenge associated with social media as a news source? A．Faster distribution of news B．Spread of misinformation and fake news C．Increased engagement with content D．Higher quality of journalistic standards 3. What has contributed to the growth of streaming services? A．The decline of movie theaters B．The availability of on-demand content C．The increase in traditional TV viewership D．The decrease in internet speeds 4. How has the advertising industry adapted to media changes? A．By focusing solely on print advertisements B．By reducing overall advertising budgets C．By using data analytics for targeted ads D．By eliminating digital advertising 5. What strategy are traditional media companies using to remain relevant? A．Completely abandoning digital platforms B．Integrating digital strategies with their existing models C．Relying exclusively on government support D．Ignoring changes in consumer behavior 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章围绕过去几十年媒体领域的变革展开，客观介绍了传统媒体的衰落、数字媒体的兴起及特点、广告行业的适应变化，以及传统媒体的转型策略，旨在向读者清晰阐述媒体格局的转变及发展趋势。 1. 细节理解题。根据“The media landscape has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past few decades ... However, with the rise of the internet and digital technology, these platforms now face unprecedented challenges.”可知，报纸、电视等传统媒体衰落的主要原因是互联网和数字媒体的兴起。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become primary sources of news for many users ... However, this speed has also led to challenges, such as the spread of misinformation and ‘fake news’”可知，社交媒体作为新闻来源的一个挑战是虚假信息和“假新闻”的传播。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Unlike traditional broadcast networks, these services offer on-demand content, allowing viewers to watch what they want, when they want”可知，流媒体服务发展的推动因素是其能提供点播内容。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“The advertising industry has also evolved dramatically ... Advertisers are increasingly leveraging data analytics to target specific demographics, making digital ads more effective and personalized”可知，广告行业通过利用数据分析针对特定人群投放广告，来适应媒体变革。故选C。 5. 细节理解题。根据“Despite these changes, traditional media is not disappearing entirely. Instead, many organizations are adapting by integrating digital strategies.”可知，传统媒体公司通过将数字策略与其现有模式相结合来保持相关性。故选B。 C Marie Curie, born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867, was a pioneering physicist and chemist who made groundbreaking contributions to the study of radioactivity. Despite facing significant obstacles as a woman in a male-dominated field, she became the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific disciplines—Physics in 1903 and Chemistry in 1911. Curie’s early life was marked by hardship. Her family, once part of the educated middle class, fell into financial ruin due to political turmoil in Poland. Determined to pursue higher education, she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the Sorbonne, where she excelled academically. In 1895, she married Pierre Curie, a French physicist, and the couple began collaborating on research into radioactive materials. Their most famous discovery was the isolation of two new elements, polonium (named after Marie’s homeland) and radium, from pitchblende, a uranium-rich mineral. This work earned them the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with Henri Becquerel, who first discovered radioactivity. Tragically, Pierre died in a street accident in 1906, leaving Marie to continue their research alone. Despite personal grief, Curie persisted. In 1911, she won her second Nobel Prize. this time in Chemistry, for her work on radium and polonium. She became the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne and later established the Radium Institute in Paris to further study radioactive elements. During World War I, she developed mobile X-ray units, known as “petites Curies”, to help treat wounded soldiers. Curie’s dedication to science came at a personal cost. Prolonged exposure to radioactive materials eventually led to her death from aplastic anemia in 1934. However, her legacy endures. She inspired generations of scientists and laid the foundation for modern research into nuclear energy and cancer treatment. 1. What was Marie Curie’s birth name? A．Maria Sklodowska. B．Maria Pierre. C．Maria Becquerel. D．Maria Radium. 2. In which two scientific fields did Marie Curie win Nobel Prizes? A．Physics and Biology. B．Chemistry and Medicine. C．Physics and Chemistry. D．Biology and Medicine. 3. Why did Marie Curie name one of the elements she discovered “polonium”? A．To honor her husband. B．To honor her homeland. C．To honor her mentor. D．To honor her colleague. 4. What was the primary cause of Marie Curie’s death? A．A street accident. B．Aplastic anemia from radiation exposure. C．Cancer from overwork. D．Heart disease. 5. What was one of Marie Curie’s contributions during World War I? A．Developing mobile X-ray units. B．Inventing the first nuclear reactor. C．Creating a vaccine for soldiers. D．Leading medical research teams. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文介绍了玛丽·居里的生平与成就。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Marie Curie, born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867”可知，她的本名是Maria Sklodowska。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“she became the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific disciplines—Physics in 1903 and Chemistry in 1911”可知，她在物理学和化学领域分别获奖。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Their most famous discovery was the isolation of two new elements, polonium (named after Marie’s homeland) and radium”可知，“钋”是以她的祖国（波兰）命名的，以表达对祖国的敬意。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“Prolonged exposure to radioactive materials eventually led to her death from aplastic anemia in 1934”可知，长期接触放射性物质导致的再生障碍性贫血是她的主要死因。故选B。 5. 细节理解题。根据“During World War I, she developed mobile X-ray units, known as ‘petites Curies’, to help treat wounded soldiers”可知，她在一战期间研发了移动X光设备，用于救治伤员。故选A。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 They used to call her “the witch” (女巫), but today I found things were different. My legs were too short to reach the floor from up there on the big chair. I was so 1 that my legs started to shake. It was the first time I had been to the principal’s (校长的) office. And I knew 2 she was going to ask me. Why had I been running on the corridor in the school building? Why hadn’t I followed the school rules? The principal’s secretary was sitting at her desk. She kept asking me questions like whether I liked school and what grade I was in. I didn’t want to talk to her, 3 I just gave one-word answers. Then she asked what my dad did. But I didn’t really know what he did, so I made something up. “He plays basketball for the Boston Celtics.” I said. The secretary just looked at me, and said 4 more. Just then, the door to the principal’s office opened. There she was, the woman that everyone called “the witch”. Was she really that bad? She told me about the pictures on her desk. I was surprised that she had a family and a kid, just like me. Then she asked how my family was. It turned out that she had known me since I was only a few weeks old. I was happy to hear that. If she knew my mum, then I wouldn’t get into much 5 . She told me about the rules of the school building. But she didn’t punish or 6 me. And I forgot all the bad things I had heard about “the witch”. I had met her and I knew she was nice. 1. A．happy B．afraid C．interested D．excited 2. A．how B．why C．that D．what 3. A．then B．but C．so D．or 4. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 5. A．problems B．difficult C．trouble D．fun 6．A．point at B．shout at C．look at D．smile at 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. B 【导语】本文讲述了一个孩子第一次被叫到校长办公室的经历。 1. 句意：我太害怕了，腿开始发抖。 happy高兴的；afraid害怕的；interested感兴趣的；excited兴奋的。根据“that my legs started to shake. It was the first time I had been to the principal’s (校长的) office.”可知，孩子第一次去校长办公室，且双腿发抖，应填入负面情绪的词。故选B。 2. 句意：我知道她会问我什么。 how如何；why为什么；that引导从句，无实义；what什么。此处需引导宾语从句的连接词，此处需作ask“询问”的宾语，表示“说话的内容”。故选D。 3. 句意：我不想和她说话，所以我只用单字回答。 then然后；but但是；so所以；or或者。前后句为因果关系，故选so“所以”。故选C。 4. 句意：秘书看着我，什么也没说。 something某事；anything任何事；everything一切；nothing无事。根据“just looked at me”和“more”可知，秘书未再说话。故选D。 5. 句意：如果她认识我妈妈，我就不会惹上太多麻烦。 problems问题；difficult困难的；trouble麻烦；fun乐趣。固定搭配get into trouble“惹上麻烦”。故选C。 6. 句意：但是她没有惩罚或朝我大喊。 point at指向；shout at朝……大喊；look at看着；smile at对……微笑。与punish“惩罚”并列的负面行为，应是shout at“朝……大喊”。故选B。 Passage 2 In the early 1900s, American chemist Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment, which showed the dangers of uncontrolled food additives (添加剂) and made people realize the importance of knowing what was in the food they bought. However, it wasn’t until almost 90 years later that a law asked companies to display what was really 1 the boxes, cans, and bags in American grocery stores. Then, consumers (消费者) had clear information to help them make healthier choices. Today, it’s hard to imagine walking around a supermarket without these labels. Yet when we browse the internet—another necessary marketplace in our lives—there is 2 information about what we are “consuming” with each click. We're taking in huge amounts of digital information, often without any idea of its “nutritional” content. Just like nutrition labels (营养标签) that help you make better choices about what enters your body, content labels can help you take control of what gets into your 3 . This will reduce harmful behavior such as useless surfing and time wasted on meaningless browsing. With social media platforms under attack for creating bad feelings, a content labeling system could offer users a much-needed tool to make healthier digital choices. 4 , U. S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy recently suggested warning labels for online platforms. Much like cigarette packages, they should tell users about the 5 of browsing harmful content. What’s more, that’s not enough—we also need instructions. Content labels provide those. They offer a way for users to control their “diets” on the Internet. With the help of these tools, we could 6 content labels before diving into a news article or blog post. 1. A．on B．inside C．outside D．under 2. A．many B．much C．little D．few 3. A．heart B．mouth C．action D．mind 4. A．In fact B．However C．In a word D．After all 5. A．advantages B．risks C．reasons D．uses 6.A．follow B．create C．check D．notice 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6.C 【导语】本文主要介绍了早期美国通过实验推动食品标签立法，如今类比这一做法，提出网络也需内容标签帮用户了解数字信息、做出健康上网选择，美国卫生局局长也有相关建议。 1. 句意：然而，直到近90年后，才有一项法律要求企业标明美国杂货店售卖的盒装、罐装和袋装食品内部真正所含的成分。 on在……上面；inside在……内部；outside在……外面；under在……下面。根据“knowing what was in the food they bought”以及“the boxes, cans, and bags”可知，此处需表达“食品包装内部”的含义。故选B。 2. 句意：然而，当我们浏览互联网——我们生活中另一个必需的“市场”时，关于每次点击所“消费”的内容，我们几乎没有信息可参考。 many许多，修饰可数名词复数；much许多，修饰不可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数。根据“We're taking in huge amounts of digital information, often without any idea of its ‘nutritional’ content”可知，此处强调“关于数字内容的信息匮乏”，且“information”为不可数名词。故选C。 3. 句意：就像营养标签帮助你更好地选择进入身体的食物一样，内容标签可以帮助你掌控进入大脑的信息。 heart心脏；mouth嘴巴；action行动；mind大脑、思维。根据“digital information”以及“what gets into”可知，数字信息是被大脑接收和处理的，mind“大脑”符合语境。故选D。 4. 句意：事实上，美国卫生局局长维韦克·穆尔西博士最近建议为网络平台设置警示标签。 In fact事实上；However然而；In a word总而言之；After all毕竟。前文提出“内容标签能帮助用户做出更健康的数字选择”，后文用美国卫生局局长的建议作为具体实例支撑该观点，“In fact”可用于进一步补充事实、强化观点。故选A。 5. 句意：就像香烟包装一样，这些标签应该告知用户浏览有害内容的风险。 advantages优势；risks风险；reasons原因；uses用途。根据“warning labels”以及“cigarette packages”可知，警示标签的核心作用是提醒 “危害”，risks“风险”符合“警示”的语境。故选B。 6. 句意：在这些工具的帮助下，我们可以在深入阅读一篇新闻报道或博客文章之前，查看内容标签。 follow跟随；create创造；check查看、核对；notice注意到。根据“content labels can help you take control of...”以及“before diving into a news article or blog post”可知，用户需先 “主动查看” 标签信息，才能基于信息做出选择，“check”强调“有意识地核实、查看”，符合语境。故选C。 Passage 3 A few years back, Mrs. Waters, our head teacher, started a school newspaper. She wanted students and their parents to help. The idea was to let everyone know more about school activities. Students took the whole thing very 1 —and we now have a prize-winning newspaper! Some of my friends joined the newspaper team immediately and enjoyed it. I’d always loved creative writing and drawing cartoons, so I signed up too. My dad, who’s a reporter, was pleased and thought it would be a great opportunity for me. He was right—I loved it! Dad often gave us 2 which was very useful. My first job was to write a report about a sports event, a style I had never tried before. Dad reminded me it was 3 in some ways to writing a story—getting information in the right order. Once I’d understood that, there was nothing stopping me. I developed quite a professional style. Sometimes the team couldn’t use my work, but I didn’t 4 . It was also hard to finish on time sometimes, but I usually managed. Now, I’m one of the 5 . We decide what goes into the newspaper. Sometimes it’s hard because we have so little time, but we try to manage that properly. We also find and correct mistakes in the articles. 6 , it was hard to get used to, but now we are better at finding mistakes. 1. A．politely B．seriously C．carelessly D．comfortably 2. A．time B．tricks C．advice D．choices 3. A．similar B．ordinary C．natural D．familiar 4. A．accept B．mind C．pretend D．communicate 5. A．secretaries B．accountants C．photographers D．editors 6. A．For example B．In a way C．At first D．On the other hand 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者参与学校报纸创办的经历，包括加入的原因、父亲的帮助、自己的工作及成长。 1. 句意：学生们非常认真地对待这件事 ——我们现在有了一份获奖的报纸！ politely礼貌地；seriously认真地；carelessly粗心地；comfortably舒适地。根据“we now have a prize-winning newspaper”可知，学生们认真对待这件事才会让报纸获奖，seriously符合语境。故选B。 2. 句意：爸爸经常给我们建议，这非常有用。 time时间；tricks诡计；advice建议；choices选择。根据“My dad, who’s a reporter”及“which was very useful”可知，作为记者的爸爸给的应该是有用的建议。故选C。 3. 句意：爸爸提醒我，这在某些方面和写故事很相似——按正确的顺序获取信息。 similar相似的；ordinary普通的；natural自然的；familiar熟悉的。根据“getting information in the right order”可知，写体育赛事报道和写故事在按顺序获取信息方面是相似的，similar符合语境。故选A。 4. 句意：有时团队不能用我的作品，但我并不介意。 accept接受；mind介意；pretend假装；communicate交流。根据“Sometimes the team couldn’t use my work, but”可知，此处表示转折，虽然作品没被采用，但不介意。故选B。 5. 句意：现在，我是编辑之一。 secretaries秘书；accountants会计；photographers摄影师；editors编辑。根据“We decide what goes into the newspaper. We also find and correct mistakes in the articles.”可知，决定报纸内容、纠正文章错误的是编辑。故选D。 6. 句意：一开始，很难习惯，但现在我们更擅长发现错误了。 For example例如；In a way在某种程度上；At first一开始；On the other hand另一方面。根据“but now we are better at finding mistakes”可知，此处与“now”相对，指一开始的情况。故选C。 18 / 20乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $