Unit 2 Helpful Schoolmates-Reading Actively-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第二册（重庆大学版）

高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit2】Helpful Schoolmates-Reading Acively 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 schoolmate/sku:lmet/n.同学；务台 fault /f:lt/n.错误：缺点：故障 校友 break /breik/v.打破；违反；弄v.挑剔；指责 apologise3 pDlad3 arz/v.道款；坏：打碎n.休息；破裂；间断blame/bleim/v.责备：指责；归 认错：谢罪 rleu/n.规则：规章：统治咎于n.责备：责任；过失 explain /ik'splein/v.解释；说v.统治：支配：裁决 understand /Anda'staend/v. 明；阐明 offer'Dfa)/v.提供；给予；提解；明白：懂得；获悉 struggle/'strAgl/v.h.奋斗；努议：出价n.提议；出价：意图misunderstand/mIsand3'staend 力：挣扎：斗争 refuse /rr'fju:zlv拒绝；回绝；V.误解；误会；曲解 tap /tap/v.轻敲：轻拍；利用n.不愿 轻敲：水龙头；窃听 accept /ak'sept/v.接受：认可： desk/desk/n.书桌；办公桌；服同意 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.apologise/A'pDld3aIz/V.道歉：认错：谢罪 词汇变形 名词形式：apology 构词解析 后缀is:构成动词，表“使…”：名词形式去“ise”加“y”。 同类词：realise(意识到)→realisation（名词) 例句：You should apologise to your friend for being late. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习）：He made an一(apologise)to his teacher for breaking the rule.(答案：apology) 2.explain/k'splem/v.解释；说明；阐明 词汇变形 名词形式：explanation 构词解析 1 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 后缀-explain动词，名词形式加“ation”表“动作或过程”。 例句：Can you explain the math problem to me again? 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册教材例句）：Her explanation helped us understand the situation better. 3.struggle/'strAgl/v.n.奋斗：努力：挣扎：斗争 词汇变形 形容词形式：struggling(奋斗的：艰难的) 构词解析 后缀ing:构成形容词，表“处于…状态”。 固定搭配：struggle with（与…斗争) 例句：They struggled to finish the project on time. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习）：Many_(struggle)families need our help.(答 案：struggling） 4.break /breik/v.打破：违反：弄坏；打碎n.休息；破裂；间断 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：broke/broken 形容词形式：broken(破碎的：损坏的) 构词解析 不规则动词变形：形容词形式为过去分词作定语。 例句：He broke the window yesterday,and now it's a broken glass. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册教材例句）：We usually have a 10-minute break between classes. 5.refuse /r'fju:z/v.拒绝；回绝：不愿 词汇变形 名词形式：refusal 构词解析 后缀-refuse动词，名词形式去“se”加“al”。 例句：She refused to accept the gift from the stranger. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习）：His_(refuse))made her feel sad.(答案： refusal) 6.accept/k'sept/v.接受；认可：同意 词汇变形 反义词：refuse(拒绝) 名词形式：acceptance 构词解析 前缀ac-:表“加强”；后缀-ance构成名词，表“状态”。 例句：I'm glad to accept your invitation to the party. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册教材例句)：Her acceptance of the job made her parents happy. 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 7.fault /f:It//n.错误；缺点：故障v挑剔；指责 词汇变形 形容词形式：faulty(有故障的：错误的) 构词解析 后缀y:加在名词后构成形容词，表“有…的”。 例句：It's my fault that we missed the bus. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习)：The machine stopped working because of a_ (fault)pat.（答案：faulty) 8.blame /blerm/v.责备：指责；归咎于n.责备：责任；过失 词汇变形 固定搭配：blame sb.for sth.(因某事责备某人) 被动形式：be blamed for(因…被责备) 构词解析 无明显前后缀，重点掌握搭配及被动用法。 例句：Don't blame him for the mistake,:it was an accident.. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习）：He was._(blame)for losing the game.(答 案：blamed) 9.understand/.nd'staend/v.理解；明白：懂得；获悉 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：understood/understood 名词形式：understanding(理解：理解力) 构词解析 前缀under-:表“在…之下；完全”；名词形式加“ing”。 例句：I finally understood what she meant.. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册教材例句）：We need good communication and understanding in a friendship 10.nisunderstand/mIsAnda'staend/V.误解；误会：曲解 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：misunderstood/misunderstood 名词形式：misunderstanding 构词解析 前缀mis-:表“错误地”；名词形式加“ing”。 例句：They misunderstood each other because of poor communication. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习）：Asmall (misunderstand)led to a big argument. (答案：misunderstanding) 11.tap /taep/v.轻敲；轻拍：利用n.轻敲；水龙头；窃听 词汇变形 现在分词/动名词：tapping 3 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 名词复数：taps 构词解析 规则动词变形：名词复数直接加“s”。 固定搭配：tap on(轻敲) 例句：He tapped on the desk to get her attention. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册教材例句)：Turn off the taps when you brush your teeth. 12.rule /ru/n.规则：规章；统治V.统治；支配；裁决 词汇变形 名词形式（统治者）：ruler 形容词形式：uler(尺子，另义) 构词解析 后缀-er:加在动词后表“人或物”（此处“er”可表“统治者”或“尺子”）。 例句：We must follow the school rules. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习）：Te (rule)of the country lasted for 20 years (答案：ruler) 13.offr/'ofar)/v.提供：给予；提议：出价n.提议：出价：意图 词汇变形 名词形式：ofer(同形) 形容词形式：offering(提供的：祭品) 构词解析 动词和名词同形；现在分词作形容词表“主动提供的”。 固定搭配：offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事) 例句：He offered to help me with my homework. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册教材例句)：Thank you for your kind offer of assistance. 14.schoolmate/'sku:lmet/n.同学；校友 构词解析 合成词：school(学校)+mate(伙伴)，表“学校里的伙伴”。 同类词：classmate(同班同学)、roommate(室友) 例句：My schoolmate from high school now works in Beijing 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习)：She met her old (schoolmate)at the reunion. (答案：schoolmate) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.He made an (to his teacher after breaking the school rule. 4 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 7.Her clear (解释)helped us solve the problem quickly.. 8.The (统治者)of this country cared about the people's life. 9.After a long_(斗争)，they finally achieved their goal. l0.We should turn off the__(水龙头)when not in use to save water. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Many (struggle)families need our support and help. 2.His (refuse)to join the club disappointed all of us. 3.The machine stopped working because of a (fault)part. 4.She finally (understand)the importance of teamwork. 5.A small (misunderstand)between friends can sometimes lead to arguments. 6.He was (blame)for the accident by his parents. 7.The (accept)of the new policy made everyone happy. 8.We need good communication and (understand)in a relationship 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.你应该为你的迟到向她道歉。 You should her for being late 2.他主动提出帮我学习英语。 He me with my English 3.不要因为这个错误责备他，他不是故意的。 Don't him the mistake;he didn't do it on purpose. 4.我们需要时间来理解这个复杂的问题。 We need time to problem 5.他们因为沟通不畅而误解了彼此。 They each other because of poor communication 四、语篇填空 5 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Students often face problems in school.Once,Tom broke a window and felt afraid.He decided to make an (apologise)to his teacher.The teacher didn't blame him but asked for an (explain).Tom said he was playing ball and(accident)hit the window.His (honest) made the teacher forgive him. Another student,Lucy,(refuse)to take part in group work before.Her classmates tried to help her,and with their (encourage),she began to join activities.She found that (cooperate) with others made tasks easier. It's common to have. (misunderstand)sometimes,but good communication and mutual (understand)can solve most problems.Remember,everyone makes mistakes,but taking responsi- bility and learning from them is important. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.apology 7.explanation 8.ruler 9.struggle 10.tap Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.struggling 2.refusal 3.faulty 4.understood 5.misunderstanding 6.blamed 7.acceptance 8.understanding I.完成句子 1.apologise to 2.offered to help 3.blame for 4.understand the complex 5.misunderstood V.语篇填空 1.apology 2.explanation 3.accidentally 4.honesty 5.refused 6.encouragement 7.cooperating 8.misunderstandings 9.understanding 6