Unit 3 The art of painting 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第一册（译林版）

高中英语译林版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 词汇精讲 Unit 3 The art of painting 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 crop/krDp/n.庄稼，作物：收成， enormous /I'nmes/ad.巨大的，decline/d'klam/n.衰退，衰落， 产量 庞大的 减少，下降；vi.&t.减少，下 wind /waind/vi.vt.(wound,comprehensive /komprI'hen-降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 wound)蜿蜓，迂回；上发条；缠sIv/adj. 全面的，详尽的：综overthrow/,Uva'0rU/t.(ovet 绕 合性的 threw,overthrown)推翻，打倒 sail /ser/wi.&t.(乘船)航行：clothing/'kwd四m.衣服，服装*avalanche/'evala.:ntf/n.雪崩， 起航：驾驶（船只），飘，乘；n.temple'templ/n.庙宇，寺院山崩 帆；乘船航行 structure/'strAkt(r)h.建筑物：be down to由…引起（或造成） civilian/sa'vilian/h.平民，老百结构，构造：精心组织 *scale/skel/h.规模，范围；等 姓，庶民 over all/.var'ol/adj.全面的，级，级别：标度；比例 all walks of life各行各业，社会综合的：adv.全部，总计；一般emperor'cmpara()h.皇帝 各界 来说，大体上 in one's own right凭自身的资 butcher/'bot3(r)/n.肉贩，屠夫critic/'kritrk/n.批评家，评论家；格（或努力） go about sth忙于做某事，继续批评者，挑剔的人 outstanding /aot'staendn/adj. 做某事 inspection/m'spkn/m.检查，查秀的，杰出的：突出的，明显的 apparent /3'paerant/adj.显而易看，审视；视察 exhibition/.cks'b虹n/h.展览，展 见，明白易懂，显然 expose/k'spauz/vt.揭露，揭穿；出 *ink/mkn.墨水，墨汁 暴露，显露：使遭受；使接触rare/rea(/adj.稀少的，罕见的： *perspective /pa'spektrv/n.透视political /p'litrkl/adj.政治的，稀罕的，珍贵的 法：态度，观点；客观判断力；政府的，政权的；政党的，党派speak volumes about充分说明， 景观，远景 的 清楚表明 precise /prI'saIs/adj.细致的，精soldier/'sauld3a(r)/h.军人，士historic /h'storik/adj.历史上著 细的；准确的，精确的 兵 名的：有历史时期的 ambitious /aem'bifas/adj.crisis /'kraisIs/(pl. crises career /k3'rIa)/m.经历，事y业， 的，艰巨的：有野心的，有雄心'krarsi:z)n.危急关头；危难生涯，职业 的 时刻，病危期 词汇变形及词缀精讲 l.apparent/'perant/adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 高中英语译林版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 副词形式：apparently 名词形式：appearance(外貌：出现) 构词解析：前缀ap-(=ad-,表“加强”)+parent(词根，表“出现”)；后缀-ly构成副词。 例句：It was apparent that he was unhappy with the decision.. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）： (apparent),the team needs more training to improve their performance.(答案：Apparently) 2.precise /prI'saIs/adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的 副词形式：precisely 名词形式：precision(精确性) 构词解析：前缀pre-(表“预先”)+cise(词根，表“切割”)；后缀-ly构成副词，-ion构成名词。 例句：The experiment requires precise measurements to ensure accuracy. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册单元测试）：Could you explain the plan一(precise)so that everyone can understand?(答案：precisely) 3.ambitious/en'bs/adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的 名词形式：ambition(野心；志向) 构词解析：前缀amb-(表“周围”)+ition(名词后缀)→ambition:后缀-ous构成形容词，表“具 有…性质的”。 例句：She has an ambitious plan to start her own business next year. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册阅读填空)：His lifelong (ambitious)was to climb Mount Everest.(答案：ambition) 4.enormous'nmas/adj.巨大的，庞大的 副词形式：enormously 名词形式：enormity(巨大：暴行) 构词解析：前缀e-(表“加强”)+nom(词根，表“规则”)+-ous（形容词后缀)：-y构成副词， -ity构成名词。 例句：The project required an enormous amount of time and effort. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册完形填空)：The company has made (enormous) progress in the past decade.(答案：enormous) 5.comprehensive/,kpmpri'hensiv/adj.全面的，详尽的：综合性的 动词形式：comprehend(理解，领会) 名词形式：comprehension(理解；理解力) 构词解析：前缀com-(表“共同”)+prehend(词根，表“抓住”)+-ive（形容词后缀)：-ion构成 名词。 The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the current situation. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册阅读理解）：Ne need to (comprehensive)the main idea of the passage before answering the questions.(答案：comprehend) 6.political /pa'litrk/adj.政治的，政府的，政权的：政党的，党派的 高中英语译林版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 名词形式：politics(政治：政治学) 名词形式（指人）：politician(政治家；政客) 构词解析：词根polit(表“城市，国家”)+-ical(形容词后缀，表“…的”)：-ics构成学科名词， -ian表“…人”。 例句：The country is facing a political crisis that affects its economy. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册语法填空）：He has a strong interest in(political)and often discusses current events.(答案：politics) 7.historic/hI'storik/adj.历史上著名的：有历史时期的 名词形式：history(历史) 形容词形式（易混词）：historical（历史的，与历史相关的) 构词解析：词根hist(表“历史”)+-oic(形容词后缀，表“具有历史意义的”)：-ical表“与历史 相关的”。 例句：This is a historic moment for our nation. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册短文改错)：The museum has many (history)artifacts from the Ming Dynasty..(答案：historical) 8.outstanding/at'staend/adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 动词形式：stand out(突出，显眼) 构词解析：前缀out-(表“超过”)+standing(现在分词作形容词)：stand out为固定短语，意为“突 出”。 Her outstanding performance won her first place in the competition. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册书面表达)：She is known for her(outstand)contribu- tions to science.（答案：outstanding) 9.critic/krtk/n.批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人 动词形式：criticize（批评，评论) 形容词形式：critical(批评的；关键的) 构词解析：词根cit(表“判断”)+-ic(名词后缀，表“人”)：-ize构成动词，-ical构成形容词。 例句：The film was praised by critics for its unique storytelling. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册词汇填空）：It's important to一(critic)your own work objectively.(答案：criticize) l0.decline/dr'klan/m.衰退，衰落，减少，下降：vi.&t.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 形容词形式：declining(下降的，衰退的) 构词解析：前缀de-（表“向下”)+cline(词根，表“倾斜”)：-ing构成形容词。 例句：The company's profits have been in decline for the past two years.. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册阅读理解）：We should take measures to prevent the (decline)of traditional culture..(答案：decline) 11.expose/ik'spUz小t.揭露，揭穿：暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触 名词形式：exposure(暴露；曝光) 3 高中英语译林版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 形容词形式：exposed(暴露的，无遮蔽的) 构词解析：前缀ex.(表“向外"”)+pose(词根，表“放置”)：-ure构成名词，-ed构成形容词。 例句：The report exposed the corruption in the government, 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册语法填空）：Long-te1m」 (expose)to sunlight can damage your skin.(答案：exposure) 12.inspection /in'spek.fn/n.检查，查看，审视：视察 动词形式：inspect(检查，视察) 形容词形式：inspective(检查的，审视的) 构词解析：前缀in-(表“进入”)+spect(词根，表“看”)+-ion(名词后缀)：-ive构成形容词。 例句：The factory will undergo a strict inspection next week. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册完形填空）：The engineer (inspection)the machine carefully to find the problem.(答案：inspected) l3.perspective /p3'spektrv/n.透视法：态度，观点；客观判断力；景观，远景 形容词形式：perspective（透视的，远景的) 构词解析：前缀per(表“贯穿"”)+spect(词根，表“看”)+-ive(名词/形容词后缀)。 例句：From my perspective,it'sbetter to delay the project. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册阅读理解）：We need to consider the problem from a different _(perspective)).(答案：perspective) 14.career /ka'rIa(r)h.经历，事业，生涯，职业 形容词形式：career(职业的，生涯的) 构词解析：词根car(表“跑，行”)+-eer（名词后缀，表“人；职业”)。 例句：She has had a successful career as a doctor for over20 years. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册书面表达）：Choosing a suitable_(career)is an important decision for everyone.(答案：career) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 l.The team needs more training to improve their performance,which is_(显而易见的)， 2.We need to make a_(精确的)plan before starting the project. 3.His lifelong()was to become a famous scientist. 4.The company has made_(巨大f的)progress in technology.. 5.She has a strong interest in()and often reads related books. 高中英语译林版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 (apparent),the problem is more serious than we thought. 2.Could you explain the rules (precise)to avoid misunderstanding? 3.Her (ambitious)to win the competition motivated her to practice daily. 4.Long-term (expose)to loud noise can harm your hearing. 5.The engineer_ (inspection)the bridge carefully before it opened to traffic. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.从我的角度来看，我们应该支持这个计划。 From my we should support the plan. 2.这家博物馆收藏了许多与历史相关的文物。 The museum has many artifacts from ancient times. 3.她因在医学领域的杰出贡献而闻名。 She is known for her contributions to medicine. 4.我们需要全面理解这个问题的原因。 We need to the causes of the problem comprehensively. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Zhang Wei has an (ambition)plan for his career.He dreams of becoming a (politics) who can make a difference in society.To achieve this,he knows he needs (precise)and hard work. Last month,he visited a (history)city,where he saw many (enormous)old buildings. The trip gave him a new (perspective)on cultural protection.He realized that protecting traditional culture is as important as pursuing modern development. In his free time,Zhang Wei often reads (comprehensive)books on social issues.He also practices(critic)his own ideas to avoid bias.His efforts have already ledto (enormous) progress in his understanding of social problems. 5 高中英语译林版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.apparent 7.precise 8.ambition 9.enormous 10.politics Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.Apparently 7.precisely 8.ambition 9.exposure 10.inspected I.完成句子 5.perspective 6.historical 7.outstanding 8.comprehend V.语篇填空 1.ambitious 2.politician 3.precision 4.historic 5.enormous 6.perspective 7.comprehensive 8.criticizing 9.enormous 6