内容正文:
高中译林版选择性必修第二册
【词汇专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
词汇专版
Unit3】Fit for life
词汇变形及词缀精讲
全部单元单词
surgeon/'s3:d3n/n.外科医生
identify/ar'dentifar/t.找到,发生,出现;(由.)引起,(因.)产
physician /fi'zIn/n.医师,内科现,确认,认出;显示,说明身生
医生
份
restrict/r'stkt/t.限制,限定;
chemist/'kemist//n.药剂师,药relate/r'let/vi.&t.联系,使束缚,妨碍:约束,管束
商:化学家
有联系:叙述,讲述
prohibit./pr3'hbt/t.(尤指以法
dentist/'dentrst/n.牙科医生
relate to涉及,与.相关
令)禁止;使不可能:prohibit sb
specialize/'spefalaiz/vi.专门研means /mi:nz/n.(pl.means)方from doing sth禁止某人做某事
究(或从事),专攻
法,方式:财富,钱财
resistance/rI'zIstans/n.抵抗力:
gene/d3im/n.基因
delete/dr'lit/t.删去,删除
抵制,反对:抵抗,反抗
game-changing /'germ tfemnd3m/
restore'stor)/t.恢复;修复:flu /flu:/n.流行性感冒,流感
adj.改变游戏规则的
使复原,使复位
characteristic kaerakta'ristik/n.
genome/d3in3om/n.基因组,ultimately'Altm3tli/adv.最终;特征,特点;adj.典型的,独特
染色体组
根本上
的
cell/se/n.细胞
abnormal/eb'nml/ad.反常wrestle/'resl/vi.&t.奋力对
being/bi:m/n.生物:存在:身的,畸形的
付,努力处理:摔跤:wrestle
心
weapon/'wepan/n.武器,手段;with努力处理,全力解决
lifespan/'larfspaen/n.寿命,有兵器
put sth in place准备就绪
效期
fundamental/fnds'mentl/adj.debate/di'beit/t.&vi.讨论,
affect /a'fekt/vt.影响:侵袭,使十分重大的,根本的:基础的,辩论:仔细考虑,思考n.讨
感染;深深打动
基本的:n.基本规律,根本法论,争论;辩论
contr act /ken'traekt/t.感染(疾则,基础
without doubt毫无疑问,的确
病):与.订立合同
pace /pers/n.发生的速度,节奏;finding/famd/n.调查发现,
irus'varras/n.病毒;(计算机步速;快节奏:vi.&t.来回踱调研结果
程序中的)病毒
步,走来走去:确定速度,调整
cancer/'kaensa(r)/n.癌症;邪节奏
恶,毒瘤
arise /a'raIz/vi.(arose,arisen)
词汇变形及词缀精讲
1.physician /fi'zn/n.医师,内科医生
高中译林版选择性必修第二册
【词汇专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
词汇变形
同根词:physical(adj.身体的;物理的)、physiology(n.生理学)
构词解析
前缀phyS-:表“自然、身体”;后缀-ician:加在名词后,表“从事…职业的人”(如musician音
乐家)。
The physician examined the patient carefully and prescribed some medicine.
2.chemist/'kemist/n.药剂师;化学家
词汇变形
同根词:chemistry(n.化学)chemical(adj.化学的;n.化学物质)
构词解析
前缀chen-:表“化学”;后缀-ist:加在名词后,表“从事…研究的人”(如artist艺术家)。
She works as a chemist in a pharmaceutical company,developing new drugs.
3.specialize/'spefalaIz/vi.专门研究,专攻
词汇变形
名词形式:specialist(专家)、specialization(专业化)
形容词形式:special(特别的)、specific(具体的)
构词解析
前缀speci-:表“种类、特殊”;后缀-ize:构成动词,表“使…化”(如realize实现)。
He decided to specialize in heart surgery after working in the hospital for five years.
4.genome/'d3i:naUm/n.基因组
词汇变形
同根词:gene(n.基因)、genetic(adj.遗传的)、genetics(h.遗传学)
构词解析
前缀gen-:表“出生、基因”;后缀-ome:表“总体、集合”(如chromosome染色体)。
Scientists are studying the human genome to find links between genes and diseases
5.affect /a'fekt/t.影响;侵袭
词汇变形
名词形式:effect(n.影响,固定搭配have an effect on)
形容词形式:affective(情感的)、effective(有效的)
构词解析
前缀af-:表“加强”(同ad-,因f音同化):词根fect-:表“做、制作”(如perfect完美的)。
例句:Smoking can seriously affect your lung health and lifespan.
6.identify/ar'dentifa/vt.确认,认出
词汇变形
名词形式:identity(n.身份)、identification(n.识别)
形容词形式:identical(完全相同的)
构词解析
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高中译林版选择性必修第二册
【词汇专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
前缀iden-:表“相同”;后缀-ify:构成动词,表“使…化”(如classify分类)。
例句:The police used DNA testing to identify the victim of the accident.
7.abnormal/eb'noml/adj.反常的,畸形的
词汇变形
反义词:normal(adj.正常的)
名词形式:abnormality(n.反常现象)
构词解析
前缀ab-:表“离开、相反”(如absent缺席的):词根nom-:表“标准”;后缀-al:构成形容词。
The test results showed some abnormal cells in her blood,so she needs further checks.
8.fundamental/fnda'mnentl/ad.根本的;n.基本法则
词汇变形
名词形式:fundament(n.基础,较少用)、foundation(n.基础)
构词解析
前缀fnd-:表“底部、基础”(如found建立):后缀-al:构成形容词,-ment:构成名词(如development
发展)。
例句:Hard work is fundamental to achieving success in any field.
9.restrict/r'strikt/vt.限制
词汇变形
名词形式:restriction(限制,固定搭配without restriction)
形容词形式:restrictive(限制性的)
构词解析
前缀re-:表“回、向后”;词根strict--:表“拉紧”(如strict严格的):后缀-t:构成动词。
The government decided to restrict the use of plastic bags to protect the environment.
l0.prohibit/pra'hbt/t.禁止
词汇变形
名词形式:prohibition(禁止,如Prohibition美国禁酒令)
形容词形式:prohibitive(禁止的;昂贵的)
构词解析
前缀pro-:表“向前、预先”;词根hibit-:表“拿、持”(如exhibit展览):后缀-it:构成动词。
The school rules prohibit students from using mobile phones in class.
l1.resistance /rI'zistans/n.抵抗力;抵制
词汇变形
动词形式:resist(v.抵抗,固定搭配resist doing sth)
形容词形式:resistant(抵抗的,固定搭配be resistant to)
构词解析
前缀re-:表“反对”;词根sist-:表“站立”(如insist坚持):后缀-ance:构成名词(如importance
重要性)。
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高中译林版选择性必修第二册
【词汇专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
Regular exercise can improve your body's resistance to colds and flu.
l2.characteristic/kaerakt3'ristik/n.特征;ad.典型的
词汇变形
名词形式:character(n.性格:字符)
动词形式:characterize(t.以…为特征)
构词解析
词根charact--:表“标记、特征”;后缀-istic:构成形容词或名词(如realistic现实的)。
例句:One characteristic of cancer cells is their abnormal growth rate.
13.debate/d'bet/t.&n.辩论
词汇变形
名词形式:debater(辩论者)
形容词形式:debatable(有争议的)
构词解析
前缀de-:表“向下、完全”;词根bat-:表“打、击”(如battle战斗):后缀-e:构成动词。
The students will debate whether gene editing should be allowed in medical treatment.
14.finding/'famd/n.调查发现
词汇变形
动词形式:find(v.找到,过去式found)
形容词形式:found(adj.偶然发现的)
构词解析
词根find-:表“找到”;后缀-ing:构成名词,表“行为的结果”(如building建筑物)。
The research team's findings show that genome editing could help treat certain genetic diseases.
综合训练
一、
根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.The
(内科医生)prescribed some medicine after examining the patient.
2.She dreams of becoming a__(化学家)to develop new materials.
3.Scientists are studying the human
(基因组)to find disease-related genes.
4.His rude behavior had a bad
(影响)on the children around him
5.One
(of the new virus is its high transmission rate.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The test results showed some
(abnormal)in the patient's blood cells.
4
高中译林版选择性必修第二册
【词汇专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
2.Regular exercise can improve your body's
(resist)to common illnesses.
3.The government has issued new rules to(restrict)the use of single-use plastics.
4.She was able to
(identification)the suspect from the police photos.
5.The research team's
(find)were published in a top medical journal.
三、完成句子(每空一词)
1.吸烟会严重影响你的健康。
Smoking can seriously
your health
2.这位专家专攻心脏疾病的治疗。
The
heart disease treatment.
3.努力工作是成功的根本。
Hard work is
success.
四、语篇填空
Scientists are debating whether genome editing should be allowed in medical treatment.Some argue
it can help
(identify)genetic diseases early,while others worry about its
(affect)on
future generations.A key(characteristic)of this technology is its ability to change DNA
sequences.However,there are strict
(restrict)on its use to avoid ethical issues.Recent
(find)suggest it may one day cure certain genetic disorders,but more research is needed.
参考答案
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.physician 2.chemist 3.genome 4.effect 5.characteristic
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.abnormalities
2.resistance
3.restrict 4.identify 5.findings
L.完成句子
1.affect
2.specialist specializes in
3.fundamental to
V.语篇填空
identify
affects
characteristic restrictions
findings