Unit 3 Fit for Life 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习-2026-2027学年高二英语译林版选择性必修第二册

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 3 Fit for Life 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1. relate v. 联系；叙述 → relation n. 关系；联系 → relationship n. 人际关系；恋情 → relative adj. 相对的；相关的 n. 亲戚 2. affect v. 影响；侵袭；使感染 → effect n. 影响；效果 → affected adj. 受到影响的；做作的 3. identify v. 找到，确认；认出 → identity n. 身份；识别 → identifiable adj. 可识别的 4. restrict v. 限制，约束 → restriction n. 限制；约束 → restricted adj. 受限制的 5. prohibit v.（法令）禁止 → prohibition n. 禁令；禁止 6. resist v. 抵抗；抵御 → resistance n. 抵抗力；抵抗 → resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的 7. equip v. 配备；使具备能力 → equipment n. 装备；设备 8. disable v. 使丧失能力 → disabled adj. 残疾的 → disability n. 缺陷；障碍 9. adjust v. 调整；适应 → adjustment n. 调整；适应 → adjustable adj. 可调节的 10. evident adj. 明显的 → evidence n. 证据，证明 11. examine v. 检查；审查；测试 → examination n. 检查；考试 12. infect v. 传染，感染 → infection n. 传染，感染 → infected adj. 受感染的 13. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心 → anxious adj. 焦虑的 14. phenomenon n. 现象 → phenomena (复数) n. 现象 15. disturb v. 打扰；使不安 → disturbing adj. 令人不安的 → disturbed adj. 受到打扰的 16. specialize v. 专攻，专门研究 → speciality n. 专业；专长 17. grateful adj. 感激的 → gratitude n. 感激，感恩 18. find v. 发现 → finding n. 调查发现；调研结果 19. withdraw v. 撤回；退出 → withdrawn adj. 孤僻的，脱离社会的 20. restore v. 恢复；修复 → restoration n. 恢复；修复 21. symbol n. 象征；符号 → symbolic adj. 象征性的 22. abuse v./n. 滥用；虐待 → abused adj. 受虐待的；被滥用的 一、单句语法填空 1． (disturb) the natural balance of the jungle will bring terrible results to local creatures. 【答案】Disturbing 【详解】句意：打扰丛林的自然平衡会给当地生物带来可怕的后果。根据句子结构分析可知，空处作主语，表示一般性情况；disturb为动词，意为“打扰，扰乱”，此处应用动名词形式disturbing作主语，表示抽象的、一般性的行为，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 2．The troops showed strong (resist) against the enemy’s attack, refusing to retreat from their position. 【答案】resistance 【详解】句意：部队展现出强大的抵抗能力对抗敌人的进攻，拒绝从阵地撤退。形容词strong后接名词，resist为动词“抵抗”，名词形式resistance表示“抵抗”，作宾语。 3．The government allows citizens to (withdraw) their pension funds under certain circumstances. 【答案】withdraw 【详解】句意：政府允许公民在特定情况下提取他们的养老金。此处为固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，空处需用动词原形，提示词withdraw为动词原形，意为“提取，撤回”。 4．According to the expert, the building has a long history (date) back to the early Tang Dynasty. 【答案】dating 【详解】句意：据专家介绍，这座建筑历史悠久，可以追溯到初唐。本句谓语是has，空处应用非谓语动词。date back to意为“追溯到”，该短语无被动用法，逻辑主语the building和date之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词dating作后置定语。 5．Traditional festivals bring us various (sense) experiences that connect us to our culture. 【答案】sensory 【详解】句意：传统节日带给我们各种各样的感官体验，将我们与文化联系起来。空处修饰名词experiences；需用形容词sensory“感官的，感觉的”，作定语。 6．Look at the mud on your shoes! You (walk) in the garden again, haven’t you? 【答案】have been walking 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：看看你鞋子上的泥！你又一直在花园里走，是吗？根据“Look at the mud on your shoes!”以及“again, haven’t you?”可知，此处强调walk“走”这一动作开始于过去，持续到说话时，并产生现在的结果(鞋子上的泥)，时态用现在完成进行时，其结构为“have/has been + 动词的现在分词”，主语是You，助动词用have，walk的现在分词是walking。故填have been walking。 7．The expert proposed that the local education department should (adjust) the English exam syllabus to better adapt to the needs of talent cultivation in the new era. 【答案】adjust 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这位专家建议，当地教育部门应调整英语考试大纲，以更好地适应新时代对人才的培养需求。propose表示建议，宾语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形。故填adjust。 8．It is completely (normal) for too many teenagers to take weight-less pills to look more beautiful. 【答案】abnormal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：对许多青少年来说，为了变得更美而服用减肥药是完全不正常的。根据句意可知，表示“不正常的”用其反义的形容词abnormal作表语，故填abnormal。 9．In modern society, there are an increasing number of problems (arise) from the lack of communication. 【答案】arising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在现代社会，因缺乏沟通而产生的问题正越来越多。已有谓语动词are，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语， an increasing number of problems 和arise为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填arising。 10．To figure out the root cause of the problem, the engineer’s plan might involve (examine) the entire system. 【答案】examining 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为找出问题的根本原因，工程师的计划可能包括检查整个系统。involve doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“包括做某事”，所以空处需用动名词形式作宾语。故填examining。 11．She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, (ultimate) known as Wing Chun now. 【答案】ultimately 【详解】考查副词。句意：她教给Yim一种改良版的少林功夫，其最终被称为咏春拳。修饰动词known应用副词ultimately作状语，故填ultimately。 12．People celebrate to show that they are (gratitude) for the year’s supply of food. 【答案】grateful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们通过庆祝来表达他们对一年的食物供应的感激。根据空格前的be动词are可知，此处用提示词的形容词形式grateful作表语表示“感激的”。故填grateful。 13．A microwave cooks food much faster than a (convention) oven. 【答案】conventional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：微波炉比传统的烤箱做饭快得多。形容词conventional作定语修饰名词。故填conventional。 14．Cholera was caused by an (infect) from germs in food or water. 【答案】infection 【详解】考查名词。句意：霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。空处作by的宾语，空前有冠词an，应用infect的名词形式infection，意为“感染”。故填infection。 15．The man, (pace) up and down in the room, seemed worried and anxious. 【答案】pacing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个男人，在房间里踱来踱去，看起来很担心和焦虑。本句中已有谓语动词seemed，因此所给词pace需以非谓语形式出现。主语the man与pace之间为主动关系，表示伴随状态，故使用现在分词形式pacing。故填pacing。 16．On the basis of research that he (do) for the past six years, Dr. Zimbardo estimates that about 40 percent of all Americans, around 84 million people, consider themselves shy. 【答案】has done/has been doing 【详解】考查时态。句意：根据他过去六年所做的研究，津巴多博士估计，大约40%的美国人，大约8400万人，认为自己害羞。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，根据for the past six years可知，该从句可使用现在完成时，表示已经进行六年，主语he为单数，因此可填has done。同时，此处也可表示这项研究在过去六年中一直进行可能还将继续，因此可使用现在完成进行时。故填has done/has been doing。 17．In the face of his physical (disable), the little boy doesn’t lose heart. 【答案】disability 【详解】考查名词。句意：面对身体上的残疾，这个小男孩并不灰心。作介词的宾语，应用名词disability，故填disability。 18．Exactly which bacteria cause the (infect) is still unknown. 【答案】infection 【详解】考查名词。句意：究竟是哪种细菌引起了这种感染，目前还不清楚。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。infect的名词形式为infection，意为 “感染”。故填infection。 19．Dinosaurs are often considered as giant creatures, but new research adds to (evident) that they started out small. 【答案】evidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：恐龙通常被认为是巨大的生物，但新的研究增加了证据，证明它们一开始很小。add to“增加”中的to是介词，其后接不可数名词evidence作宾语。故填evidence。 20．Doctors issued a (warn) against eating any fish caught in the river. 【答案】warning 【详解】考查名词。句意：医生警告不要吃在河里捕获的鱼。设空处为宾语，并且前面有a修饰，应用名词单数形式，根据提示，故填warning。 二、单词拼写 21．Many people argue that ________ (人工的) sweeteners are not necessarily healthier than natural sugar. 【答案】artificial 【详解】句意：许多人认为人工甜味剂不一定比天然糖更健康。“人工的”应用形容词artificial，在句中作定语修饰名词sweeteners。 22．Scientists have identified the specific ____ (基因) responsible for the rare genetic disorder affecting the patient. 【答案】gene 【详解】句意：科学家已经找出了导致这位患者患上这种罕见遗传病的特定基因。空处作动词identified的宾语，“基因”对应名词gene，本句指某一种特定基因，使用单数形式即可。 23．The long drought has severely ________ (影响) the agricultural production in the region. 【答案】affected/influenced/impacted 【详解】句意：长期的干旱严重影响了该地区的农业生产。根据汉语提示“影响”可知，应使用动词affect、influence以及impact，空前有助动词has，设空处需要填入动词的过去分词形式，与has构成现在完成时。 24．The two candidates engaged in a heated ________ (辩论) on environmental policy during the televised event. 【答案】debate 【详解】句意：两名候选人在电视转播活动中就环境政策展开了激烈的辩论。根据汉语提示“辩论”可知，此处应填入名词debate，作介词in的宾语，前面有不定冠词a，故使用单数形式。 25．Our job is to protect and ________ (恢复) the natural environment. 【答案】 restore 【详解】句意：我们的工作是保护和恢复自然环境。根据汉语提示“恢复”可知，此处应填动词restore。根据空前的to protect and可知，空处与动词protect并列，同为不定式结构的一部分作表语，and连接两个不定式，第二个不定式符号省略，故使用动词原形。 26．The engineer has not yet applied for a ________ (专利) for his latest invention. 【答案】patent 【详解】考查名词。句意：这名工程师还没有为他最新的发明申请专利。“专利”可译为patent，故填patent。 27．The ___________(现象) suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain. 【答案】phenomenon 【详解】句意：这个现象表明针灸疗法阻止疼痛信号到达大脑。此处缺少名词作主语，根据汉语提示“现象”可知，此处为名词phenomenon。 28．The young resident ________ (内科医师) always puts his patients first. 【答案】physician 【详解】句意：这位年轻的内科医师总是把病人放在第一位。“内科医师”是名词physician，谓语动词puts是单数形式，此处名词应用单数形式，在句中作主语。 29．After studying many successful people throughout history, I have found that there are a number of common ________ (特点) they all shared. 【答案】characteristics 【详解】句意：在研究了历史上许多成功人士之后，我发现他们共同拥有一些普遍的特征。“特点”是characteristic，前面有a number of，空格处用复数。 30．We had a long ________ (辩论) over whether I could spend so much money on space technology. 【答案】debate 【详解】句意：我们曾就我能否花这么多钱在航天技术上展开过长时间的争论。根据汉语提示“辩论”可知，此处用名词debate，作宾语。 三、完成句子 31．The hut was dark inside so ________________________. 小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。 【答案】it took time for our eyes to adjust 【详解】本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。表示“眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来”即“我们的眼睛要花时间才能适应”，表示“某人做某事需要花费时间”用固定句型“it takes+时间+for sb. to do sth.”，谓语用过去时took。表示“时间”用time。表示“我们的眼睛”用our eyes。表示“适应”用adjust。 32．We ______________ for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. 几天来，我们一直挣扎着，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟。 【答案】have been struggling 【详解】根据句意，此处表示“一直挣扎着”，根据时间状语for days可知，此处表示动作从过去持续到现在且仍在持续，需要使用现在完成进行时，基本结构为“have/has been +现在分词”，主语we为复数，助动词选用have，表示“挣扎”为动词struggle，其现在分词形式为struggling。 33．There is much ___________________________. 在这一领域有许多有待探索的内容。 【答案】to be explored in the field 【详解】根据中文提示可知，表示“有待探索”应用to be explored，为不定式结构作后置定语修饰much，其中much与explore为被动关系，所以应用不定式被动式；表示“在这一领域”应用in the field。 34．机器使人们用更少的气力做更多的工作成为可能。 Machines __________________ people do more work with less energy. 【答案】make it possible that 【详解】根据中文提示可知，表示“使……成为可能”应用make it possible that，其中it为形式宾语，that引导宾语从句，possible为形容词作宾补。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Machines为复数，谓语用复数形式。 35．As far as I know, the old town ___________________________. 据我所知，古镇追溯到17世纪后期。 【答案】dates back to/from the late seventeenth century 【详解】中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“追溯到17世纪后期”，“追溯到”可用固定短语date back to或date from，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语the old town是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式dates，“17世纪后期”译为the late seventeenth century。 36．We should _______________________, which can improve our ability. 我们应该不遗余力地为辩论做准备，这样可以提高我们的能力。 【答案】go to great lengths to prepare for the debate 【详解】表示“不遗余力做某事”短语为go to great lengths to do sth.；表示“为辩论做准备”为prepare for the debate。 37．献身于教学是我的责任。 __________________ I should devote myself to teaching. 【答案】It is my duty that 【详解】对比中英文句子可知，空处涉及固定句型：it is +n+that...，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，表示“我的责任”用my duty。 38．As we sped down the highway, the lights of the city ________________________. 当我们在公路上疾驰，城市的灯光映入眼帘。 【答案】arose before us 【详解】表示“映入眼帘”应用arise before sb.，根据从句谓语sped用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时，arise的过去式为arose；sb.对应的是us，空处填arose before us。 39．专家认为在考试中有些压力是好事。 Experts hold the opinion ________________ in exams. 【答案】that a small amount of stress can be good 【详解】空处应填入同位语从句，说明the opinion的具体内容，同位语从句用that引导；对比中英文句子，应填入“有些压力是好事”对应的译文。“有些压力”可译为a small amount of stress，为名词短语作同位语从句中的主语，其中a small amount of意为“少量的”，修饰不可数名词stress；“是好事”译为系表结构can be good，空处填that a small amount of stress can be good。 40．我们想把这花园变得和过去一样美丽。 We hope to __________________ its former glory. 【答案】restore the garden to 【详解】“变得”在本句语境中可理解为“修复”，用动词restore表达，不定式符号to后跟restore的原形形式，宾语“这座花园”用the garden，“修复到……”用短语restore ... to...。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 3 Fit for Life 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1. relate v. 联系；叙述 → ________ n. 关系；联系 → ________ n. 人际关系；恋情 → ________ adj. 相对的；相关的 n. 亲戚 2. affect v. 影响；侵袭；使感染 → ________ n. 影响；效果 → ________ adj. 受到影响的；做作的 3. identify v. 找到，确认；认出 → ________ n. 身份；识别 → ________ adj. 可识别的 4. restrict v. 限制，约束 → ________ n. 限制；约束 → ________ adj. 受限制的 5. prohibit v.（法令）禁止 → ________ n. 禁令；禁止 6. resist v. 抵抗；抵御 → ________ n. 抵抗力；抵抗 → ________ adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的 7. equip v. 配备；使具备能力 → ________ n. 装备；设备 8. disable v. 使丧失能力 → ________ adj. 残疾的 → ________ n. 缺陷；障碍 9. adjust v. 调整；适应 → ________ n. 调整；适应 → ________ adj. 可调节的 10. evident adj. 明显的 → ________ n. 证据，证明 11. examine v. 检查；审查；测试 → ________ n. 检查；考试 12. infect v. 传染，感染 → ________ n. 传染，感染 → ________ adj. 受感染的 13. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心 → ________ adj. 焦虑的 14. phenomenon n. 现象 → ________ (复数) n. 现象 15. disturb v. 打扰；使不安 → ________ adj. 令人不安的 → ________ adj. 受到打扰的 16. specialize v. 专攻，专门研究 → ________ n. 专业；专长 17. grateful adj. 感激的 → ________ n. 感激，感恩 18. find v. 发现 → ________ n. 调查发现；调研结果 19. withdraw v. 撤回；退出 → ________ adj. 孤僻的，脱离社会的 20. restore v. 恢复；修复 → ________ n. 恢复；修复 21. symbol n. 象征；符号 → ________ adj. 象征性的 22. abuse v./n. 滥用；虐待 → ________ adj. 受虐待的；被滥用的 一、单句语法填空 1． (disturb) the natural balance of the jungle will bring terrible results to local creatures. 2．The troops showed strong (resist) against the enemy’s attack, refusing to retreat from their position. 3．The government allows citizens to (withdraw) their pension funds under certain circumstances. 4．According to the expert, the building has a long history (date) back to the early Tang Dynasty. 5．Traditional festivals bring us various (sense) experiences that connect us to our culture. 6．Look at the mud on your shoes! You (walk) in the garden again, haven’t you? 7．The expert proposed that the local education department should (adjust) the English exam syllabus to better adapt to the needs of talent cultivation in the new era. 8．It is completely (normal) for too many teenagers to take weight-less pills to look more beautiful. 9．In modern society, there are an increasing number of problems (arise) from the lack of communication. 10．To figure out the root cause of the problem, the engineer’s plan might involve (examine) the entire system. 11．She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, (ultimate) known as Wing Chun now. 12．People celebrate to show that they are (gratitude) for the year’s supply of food. 13．A microwave cooks food much faster than a (convention) oven. 14．Cholera was caused by an (infect) from germs in food or water. 15．The man, (pace) up and down in the room, seemed worried and anxious. 16．On the basis of research that he (do) for the past six years, Dr. Zimbardo estimates that about 40 percent of all Americans, around 84 million people, consider themselves shy. 17．In the face of his physical (disable), the little boy doesn’t lose heart. 18．Exactly which bacteria cause the (infect) is still unknown. 19．Dinosaurs are often considered as giant creatures, but new research adds to (evident) that they started out small. 20．Doctors issued a (warn) against eating any fish caught in the river. 二、单词拼写 21．Many people argue that ________ (人工的) sweeteners are not necessarily healthier than natural sugar. 22．Scientists have identified the specific ____ (基因) responsible for the rare genetic disorder affecting the patient. 23．The long drought has severely ________ (影响) the agricultural production in the region. 24．The two candidates engaged in a heated ________ (辩论) on environmental policy during the televised event. 25．Our job is to protect and ________ (恢复) the natural environment. 26．The engineer has not yet applied for a ________ (专利) for his latest invention. 27．The ___________(现象) suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain. 28．The young resident ________ (内科医师) always puts his patients first. 29．After studying many successful people throughout history, I have found that there are a number of common ________ (特点) they all shared. 30．We had a long ________ (辩论) over whether I could spend so much money on space technology. 三、完成句子 31．The hut was dark inside so ________________________. 小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。 32．We ______________ for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. 几天来，我们一直挣扎着，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟。 33．There is much ___________________________. 在这一领域有许多有待探索的内容。 34．机器使人们用更少的气力做更多的工作成为可能。 Machines __________________ people do more work with less energy. 35．As far as I know, the old town ___________________________. 据我所知，古镇追溯到17世纪后期。 36．We should _______________________, which can improve our ability. 我们应该不遗余力地为辩论做准备，这样可以提高我们的能力。 37．献身于教学是我的责任。 __________________ I should devote myself to teaching. 38．As we sped down the highway, the lights of the city ________________________. 当我们在公路上疾驰，城市的灯光映入眼帘。 39．专家认为在考试中有些压力是好事。 Experts hold the opinion ________________ in exams. 40．我们想把这花园变得和过去一样美丽。 We hope to __________________ its former glory. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $