Unit 6 Disaster and hope 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第三册（外研版）

高中必修第三册外研版 【必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 单元词汇 【Unit6】Disaster and hope 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 disaster/d'za:ste(r)/n.灾难，灾hurricane/'harikan/n.飓风 rescue/'reskju:/n.营救，解救 祸 landslide/'laendslad/n.山崩，滑emergency'm3:d3nsin.紧急 tube /tju:b/n.管子 坡 情况，不测事件 the Tube(伦敦的)地下铁道，occur /a'k3:r)/v.发生 typhoon/tar'fn/n.台风 地铁 announcement/A'naonsmant/n.blizzard/'blizad/n.暴风雪 plus /plAs/prep.(用于数字后面通告，公告 avalanche/'aevala:nt/n.雪崩 表示)多，余 forecast/fbka:st/v.预测，预报exceptionally/k'sepfansli//adv. erupt/'TApt/v.(火山)爆发，grab/greb/v.攫取，抓住 极其，非常 喷发 tsunami/ts:'na:min.海啸 claim /klemm/v.(战争、事故 immediately/'mi:dii/adv.即reliable /r'lar3bl/adj.可信赖的，等)夺去（生命） 刻，马上 可靠的 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.disaster/dza:sta()/n.灾难，灾祸 形容词形式：disastrous(灾难性的) 构词解析：前缀dis-:表“否定、相反”；后缀-ter:构成名词：-ous是形容词后缀，表“具有… 性质的”。 同类词：danger-→dangerous(危险的) The earthquake caused a terrible disaster,leaving thousands homeless. 真题链接（外研版高中必修三同步练习)：The flood had a__(disaster)effect on the local economy: (答案：disastrous) 2.occur'k3:/V.发生 名词形式：occurrence(发生；事件) 过去式/过去分词：occurred 构词解析：前缀oc-(=ob-,表“朝向、靠近”)+cur(词根，表“跑”)→“跑过来”→发生；名 词后缀-ence表“动作、状态”。 例句：Earthquakes often occur in this area due to tectonic activity. 1 高中必修第三册外研版 【必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 真题链接（外研版高中必修三单元测试）：It never (occur)to me that he would lie to me. 案：occurred) 3.announce/A'nans/V.宣布，通告 名词形式：announcement(通告，公告) 形容词形式：announced(宣布的) 构词解析：前缀an-(表“加强”)+nounc(词根，表“说”)→“大声说”→宣布：名词后缀-ment 表“行为的结果”。 The principal will announce the winner of the competition tomorrow. 真题链接（外研版高中必修三教材例句）：The_(announce)of the new policy caused a heated discussion.(答案：announcement) 4.forecast/fka:st/V.预测，预报 名词形式：forecast(预报：预测) 过去式/过去分词：forecast/forecasted 构词解析：前缀fore-:表“预先、提前”+cast（词根，表“投掷、计算”)→“预先计算”→预测： 可作动词和名词。 例句：The weather station forecasts heavy rain for tomorrow. 真题链接（外研版高中必修三同步阅读）：According to the weather(forecast),there will be a typhoon next week.(答案：forecast) 5.reliable /rI'larabl/adj.可信赖的，可靠的 动词形式：rely(依赖，依靠) 名词形式：reliability(可靠性) 构词解析：前缀re（表“重复”)+ly(词根，表“绑”)+后缀-able(可…的)→“可以重复捆 绑的”→可靠的：动词rely后常接on。 例句：You can trust him because he is a reliable friend. 真题链接（外研版高中必修三单元练习）：We should (rely)on reliable sources for information. (答案：Iely) 6.rescue/'reskju:/n.营救，解救 动词形式：rescue(营救，解救) 形容词形式：rescued(被营救的) 构词解析：前缀-（表“回、再”）+scue(词根，表“安全”)→“带回安全”→营救：可作动词 和名词。 The firefighters managed to rescue the children from the burning building. 真题链接（外研版高中必修三听力材料）：The(rescue)team arrived at the disaster area within two hours.(答案：rescue) 7.emergency1'n3:d3 ensi/n.紧急情况，不测事件 形容词形式：emergent(紧急的，突发的) 动词形式：emerge（出现，浮现) 高中必修第三册外研版 【必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析：前缀e(=ex-,表“出”)+merg(词根，表“沉、浸”)+后缀-ency(表“状态”)→ “从沉没中出来”→浮现一引申为“紧急情况”。 例句：You should call 119 in case of a fire emergency 真题链接（外研版高中必修三安全手册)：The hospital has an_(emerge)department to deal with urgent cases.(答案：emergency) 8.exception/ik'spn/n.例外 形容词形式：exceptional(例外的：杰出的) 副词形式：exceptionally(极其，非常) 构词解析：前缀ex-(表“出”)+cept(词根，表“拿”)+后缀-ion(表“行为”)→“拿出去”→ 例外；副词后缀-y表“…地”。 例句：All students must take the exam,with no exceptions, 真题链接（外研版高中必修三语法填空）：Sheis_(exception)good at playing the piano.(答案： exceptionally) 9.claim /klemm/v.(战争、事故等)夺去（生命） 名词形式：claim(索赔：声称) 过去分词作形容词：claimed(声称的；被夺去的) 构词解析：词根claim(表“呼喊、要求”)→“要求（生命）”→夺去生命；可作动词和名词。 例句：The earthquake claimed hundreds of lives in the small town. 真题链接（外研版高中必修三阅读理解）：The storm(claim)many houses and left thousands homeless..(答案：claimed) l0.immediate /I'mi:diat/adj.立即的；直接的 副词形式：immediately(即刻，马上) 名词形式：immediacy(直接性：紧迫性) 构词解析：前缀im-(表“否定”)+medi(词根，表“中间”)+后缀-ate(构成形容词)→“没有 中间间隔的”→立即的；副词后缀y表“…地”。 例句：You must take immediate action to stop the fire from spreading. 真题链接（外研版高中必修三完形填空）：He responded__(immediate)to the emergency call..(答 案：immediately) ll.erupt/itpt/v.(火山)爆发，喷发 名词形式：eruption(爆发；喷发) 形容词形式：eruptive(爆发的) 构词解析：前缀e-(=ex-,表“出”)+upt(词根，表“断裂”)→“断裂而出”→爆发：名词后缀 -ion表“动作或结果”。 例句：The volcano erupted last year after being dormant for decades. 真题链接（外研版高中必修三单元测试）：The(eupt)of Mount Vesuvius destroyed the city of Pompeii..（答案：eruption) 12.typhoon/tar'fn/n.台风 3 高中必修第三册外研版 【必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 形容词形式：typhoon-related(与台风相关的) 构词解析：源自汉语“台风”，属于音译词：可构成复合形容词，表“与…相关的”。 例句：The typhoon caused strong winds and heavy rain along the coast. 真题链接（外研版高中必修三拓展阅读）：We need to prepare for (typhoon)disasters during the summer.（答案：typhoon-related) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The government issued an official (通告)about the new traffic regulations. 7.The weather says there will be snow in the northern regions tomorrow. 8.A sudden (of the volcano forced the villagers to evacuate immediately. 9.In case of (紧急情况)，press the red button to call for help 10.The (work lasted for three days after the earthquake. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The storm caused (disaster)damage to the coastal villages. 7.It (occur)to me that I had left my keys at home when I arrived at the office. 8.You can (rely)on this website for up-to-date news and information 9.The company made an (announce)about its plan to expand overseas 10.The typhoon (claim)several lives and destroyed hundreds of houses in the area 三、完成句子（每空一词） 5.据预测，下周将有一场台风登陆南部沿海。 According to the a typhoon will hit the southern coast next week. 6.地震发生后，救援队伍立即展开了搜索工作。 After the earthquake,the rescue team started the search 7.这个消息引发了人们对环境问题的热烈讨论。 The of the news caused a heated discussion about environmental issues. 8.她的演讲非常精彩，每个人都立即给予了掌声。 Her speech was excellent,and everyone applauded 4 高中必修第三册外研版 【必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 四、语篇填空（选自外研版高中必修三同步练习) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Natural disasters can strike without warning.Last year,a severe earthquake (occur)in a small town,causing a terrible(disaster).The local government (announce)the news imme- diately and called for (immediate)action.Rescue teams arrived within hours,and their (rely)efforts saved many lives. Weather stations had(forecast)possible aftershocks,so residents were warned to stay alert. During the emergency,volunteers provided food and shelter to those who had been(rescue) from collapsed buildings.The(erupt)of a nearby volcano added to the chaos,but with proper planning,the situation was brought under control eventually. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.announcement 7.forecast 8.eruption 9.emergency 10.rescue Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.disastrous 7.occurred 8.rely 9.announcement 10.claimed I.完成句子 5.forecast 6.occurred;immediately 7.announcement 8.immediately V.语篇填空 1.occurred 2.disaster 3.announced 4.immediate 5.reliable 6.forecast 7.rescued 8.eruption 5