Unit 5 Into the unknown 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（外研版）

高中选择性必修第四册外研版 Unit 5 Into the unknown 【Unit5】Into the unknown 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 frustration /frA'strerfn/n.懊丧，abuse /a'bju:s/n.滥用 的：产于热带的 懊恼，沮丧 theft/eef/n.偷窃，偷盗 cyclone/'saiklaon/n.气旋；旋 hire/haIa)/V.(短期的)租purse /p3sn.（女式)钱包 风 用，租借 civilisation /,sIvalar'zerfn/n.megadrought /'megadro:t/n. designer clothes名牌服装 明（社会） 级干旱 rent out出租（房屋、房间、土intrigue/m'tri:g/v.(因奇特或downfall/daunfo:l/n.衰败 地等) 神秘而)激起..的兴趣，引uin/rum/n.残垣断壁，废墟 thereby/ǒeba/adv.因此，由起..的好奇心 fall into ruin(因无人照料而) 此 bury/beri/v.将..埋在下面 衰落，败落 supervision/,sup3'3n/n.监pyramid/'prramid/n.金字塔 abandon/e'baenden/v.离弃，逃 督：管理 astronomy/月'stronami/n.天文离 expense/k'spens/n.费用，花费学 dismiss/ds'mIs/V.拒绝考虑， at the expense of以损害.为canal /ks'nel/n.运河 否定 代价 tropical/'tropikl/adj.来自热带 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.frustration /frA'strern/n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧 动词形式：frustrate(使懊恼，使沮丧) 形容词形式：frustrating(令人沮丧的) 构词解析：后缀-tion:加在动词后构成名词：-ing构成形容词，表“令人…的”。 It's frustrating to wait for hours and then be told the tickets are sold out. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习）：He felt great(frustrate)when he failed the exam again.(答案：frustration) 2.supervision/.sup9'VI3/n.监督；管理 动词形式：supervise(监督，管理) 形容词形式：supervisory(监督的，管理的) 构词解析：前缀super-:表“在…之上；超越”；后缀-ion:构成名词；-ory:构成形容词。 同类词：supermarket(超市)←一super--+market The project was completed under the careful supervision of the manager. 1 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 Unit 5 Into the unknown 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册教材例句）：Children under 12 must be under adult supervision in the swimming pool 3.expense/k'spens/n.费用，花费 动词形式：expend(花费，消耗) 形容词形式：expensive(昂贵的) 构词解析：前缀ex-:表“向外：完全”；后缀-ense:构成名词：-sive:构成形容词，表“具有… 性质的”。 例句：We need to reduce our living expenses to save money for the trip. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习）：Te (expensive)of living in big cities is much higher than in small towns..(答案：expense) 4.abuse/A'bju:s/n.滥用 动词形式：buse(滥用：虐待) 形容词形式：abusive(滥用的：虐待的) 构词解析：前缀ab-:表“离开；偏离”；词根use(使用)：后缀ive:构成形容词。 例句：The abuse of power by government officials is strictly prohibited. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解）：Drug abuse has become a serious problem in some communities. 5.astronomy/a'ston3mi/n.天文学 名词形式（指人）：astronomer(（天文学家) 形容词形式：astronomical(天文的；极大的) 构词解析：词根astr（星星)；后缀nomy:表“学科”；-er:表“人”：-ical:构成形容词。 同类词：biology(生物学)←bio-(生命)+-logy(学科) Astronomy is the study of stars,planets,and other objects in space. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册单元检测）：The(astronomy)discovered a new planet in the solar system.(答案：astronomer) 6.tropical./'trpprk/adj.来自热带的；产于热带的 名词形式：tropics(热带地区) 构词解析：词根rop-(转向；热带)后缀-iCal:构成形容词；-s:表复数名词“地区”。 例句：Tropical plants need warm weather and plenty of rain to grow. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册听力材料）：Many birds migrate to(tropics)in winter to avoid the cold.(答案：the tropics) 7.downfall/'daunfo:l/n.衰败 动词短语：fall down(倒塌：失败) 构词解析：前缀dowm-:表“向下；减少”；词根fall(落下)：后缀fll:构成名词，表“…的结 果”。 The downfall of the empire was caused by economic crisis and political corruption. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册课文填空)：The ancient city's一(downfall)remains a 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 Unit 5 Into the unknown mystery to historians.(答案：downfall) 8.abandon/a'baendan/v.离弃，逃离 名词形式：abandonment（离弃，抛弃) 形容词形式：abandoned(被遗弃的) 构词解析：前缀a-:表“加强”；词根bandon（命令：控制)：后缀ment:构成名词；-ed:构成形 容词，表“被…的”。 例句：The villagers were forced to abandon their homes due to the flood, 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册完形填空）：An__(abandon)house stood at the end of the street,.covered in vines.(答案：abandoned) 9.dismiss/ds'nIs/v.拒绝考虑，否定 名词形式：dismissal(拒绝考虑：解雇) 形容词形式：dismissive(轻视的，不屑的) 构词解析：前缀dis-:表“否定；离开”；词根miss(送，派)；后缀-al:构成名词；-ive:构成形容 词。 The manager dismissed the idea of expanding the company without further discussion. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解)：Scientists dismissed the theory as lacking evi-- dence. 10.thereby/Seaba/adv.因此，由此 同义词：therefore(因此)：thus（因此) 构词解析：there(那里)+by(通过)：合成副词，表“通过某种方式因此…”。 例句：He studied hard,thereby passing the exam with excellent grades 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册语法填空）：She saved enough money,(thereby)able to buy a new car..(答案：thereby) 1l.pyramid/piramId/n.金字塔 形容词形式：pyramidal(金字塔形的) 构词解析：词根pyram-（金字塔)：后缀-id:构成名词；-al:构成形容词。 The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册文化拓展）：The(pyramid)structure allowed ancient Egyptians to build stable tombs..(答案：pyramidal) 12.ruin/'u:n/n.残垣断壁，废墟 动词形式：uin(毁坏，毁灭) 形容词形式：ruined(毁坏的，破败的) 构词解析：词根ruin(毁灭)：后缀-ed:构成形容词，表“被…的”。 例句：The earthquake left the city in ruins. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册单元写作）：We visited the(uin)of an old castle during our trip.(答案：uins) 3 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 Unit 5 Into the unknown l3.cyclone/'saikloon/n.气旋；旋风 形容词形式：cyclonic(气旋的，旋风的) 构词解析：词根cycl.(圆，环)；后缀-one:构成名词；-ic:构成形容词。 同类词：bicycle(自行车)←bi-(两个)+cycl-+-e 例句：The cyclone caused widespread damage to houses and crops. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册科普阅读)： (Cyclone)winds can reach speeds of over 2o0 kilometers per hour.(答案：Cyclonic) 14.dismiss/ds'mIs/v.拒绝考虑，否定 名词形式：dismissal(拒绝考虑；解雇) 形容词形式：dismissive(轻视的，不屑的) 构词解析：前缀dis-:表“否定；离开”；词根miss(送，派)：后缀-al:构成名词：-ive:构成形容 词。 例句：The teacher dismissed the student's excuse for being late. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解)：His proposal was met with dismissive laughter from the committee 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The (of children in public places is necessary to ensure their safety. 7.The (of the medical treatment was covered by the insurance company. 8. of antibiotics can lead to serious health problems. 9 (天文学)helps us understand the origin and evolution of the universe.. 10.The (warning was issued by the meteorological department yesterday 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The(frustrate)on his face showed that he failed again. 7.The project requires careful(supervise)to avoid mistakes. 8.The company decided to reduce its_(expend)on unnecessary equipment. 9 (Astronomy)have made many important discoveries about black holes. 10.The old temple was left in(ruin)after the war. 11. (Tropical)storms often hit coastal areas in summer. 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 Unit 5 Into the unknown 12.The manager's (dismiss)of the new proposal surprised everyone. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 5.长时间等待却被告知票已售罄，这真令人沮丧。 It's to wait for hours and then be told the tickets are sold out. 6.这座古城的衰败原因至今仍是个谜。 The ancient city's_remains a mystery to this day. 7.他努力学习，因此以优异成绩通过了考试。 He studied hard, passing the exam with excellent grades 8.埃及金字塔是世界上最著名的建筑之一。 The Egyptian are among the most famous buildings in the world. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Many people dream of exploring space.For(astronomy),this dream is their career.They study stars,planets,and other objects in the universe.However,space exploration involves high (expensive)and risks.Some people even (dismiss)it as a waste of resources. Last year,a team of scientists discovered a new planet under the(supervise)of Professor Smith. The planet's size is(astronomy),and its climate is similar to Earth's.This discovery has changed our understanding of the universe. Unfortunately,some regions are facing natural disasters like_ (cyclone)and floods.These disasters can(ruin)crops and homes,causing great (frustration)to local people.It' s important for us to protect the environment and reduce human activities that may lead to such disasters. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.supervision 7.expense 8.Abuse 9.Astronomy 10.cyclone IL.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.frustration 7.supervision 8.expenditure 9.Astronomers 10.ruins 11.Tropical 12.dismissal 5 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 Unit 5 Into the unknown III.完成句子 5.frustrating 6.downfall 7.thereby 8.pyramids V,语篇填空 1.astronomers 2.expense 3.dismiss 4.supervision 5.astronomical 6.cyclones 7 ruin 8.frustration 6