Unit 5 Into the unknown一-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（外研版）

高中选择性必修第四册外研 词汇精讲 词汇核心考点精讲 【词汇专版】 高中·外研·选择性必修第四册Unit5 Into the unknown 单元词汇总览 frustration/fa'strerfn/n.懊丧，abuse/a'bjus/n.滥用 tropical/'trDprkl/adj.来自热带 懊恼，沮丧 theft/ef/n.偷窃，偷盗 的：产于热带的 hire/hara(r)/v.(短期的)租用，purse /p3s/n.(女式)钱包 cyclone/'saiklaon/n.气旋；旋风 租借 civilisation /.sivalar'zerfn/n.megadrought /'megadro:t/n. designer clothes名牌服装 明（社会） 级干旱 rent out出租（房屋、房间、土intrigue/m'tri:g/v.(因奇特或downfall/daonf:l/n.衰败 地等) 神秘而)激起…的兴趣，引起uin/um/n.残垣断壁，废墟 ther'eby/'eabaI/adv.因此，由 …的好奇心 fall into ruin(因无人照料而) 此 buIy/'beri/v.将…埋在下面 衰落，败落 supervision/,sp3'vI3n/n.监督；pyramid/'prramid/n.金字塔（古abandon/A'baendo/v.离弃，逃 管理 埃及法老的陵墓，是古代建筑奇离 expense/k'spens/n.费用，花费迹之一) dismiss/ds'mIsV.拒绝考虑，否 at the expense of以损害…为astronomy/a'stronami/n.天文学定 代价 canal/k3'ne/n.运河 词汇核心考点精讲 1.frustration /frA'stretfn/n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 2个核心义：懊丧，懊恼（情绪）、沮丧（心理状态） ·必记搭配与例句：●feel frustration at sth.(对某事感到沮丧)：She felt great frustration at not being able to help. ●express frustration(表达沮丧)：He expressed his frustration with the slow progress. ·重点派生词：●frustrate(动词)：The bad weather frustrated our plans..(恶劣天气打乱了我们的 计划) ●frustrated(形容词)：a frustrated artist(失意的艺术家) 2.hire/'haIa)/v.(短期的)租用，租借 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：（短期的）租用，租借（物品）、雇用（人员） 高中选择性必修第四册外研 词汇精讲 ·必记搭配与例句：●hire sth.from sb.(向某人租用某物)：We hired a car from the agency. ·hire sb.to do sth.(雇某人做某事)：They hired a designer to redecorate the house.. ·易混词辨析：·hire vs rent:hire强调短期租用或雇用，rent侧重长期租赁（如房屋、土地），如 rent an apartment(租公寓) 3.thereby/'deabau/adv.因此，由此 ·核心考点：词性：副词(adv.) 1个核心义：因此，由此（连接结果） ·必记搭配与例句：●thereby+doing sth.(由此做某事)：He improvedhis skills,thereby increasing his chances of promotion. ●thereby+介词短语：She saved money,,thereby reducing her financial stress. ·用法提醒：·多用于正式书面语，位于句中或句首，后接动词-ig形式或介词短语表结果 4.supervision/,sp3'vI3n/n.监督：管理 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 1个核心义：监督：管理（抽象概念） ·必记搭配与例句：●under supervision(在监督下)：The work must be done under strict supervision, ·close supervision(严密监督)：Children need close supervision near water. ·重点派生词：·supervise(动词)：The teacher supervises the students'activities.. ·supervisor（名词)：the production supervisor(生产主管) 5.expense/k'spens/n.费用，花费 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 1个核心义：费用，花费（金钱、时间等） ·必记搭配与例句：●at the expense of(以损害…为代价)：He achieved success at the expense of his health ·cover the expense（支付费用)：The company will cover all travel expenses. ·易混词辨析：·expense vs cost:expense侧重个人/企业的开销，cost指生产/服务的成本，如 production cost(生产成本) 6.abuse /a'bjus/n.滥用 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：滥用（权力、物质）、虐待（人或动物） ·必记搭配与例句：●abuse of power(滥用权力)：The report exposed the abuse of power by the officials. ●drug abuse(药物滥用)：Drug abuse leads to serious health problems. 高中选择性必修第四册外研 词汇精讲 ·重点派生词：●abuse（动词)：He abused his position as manager..(他滥用经理职权) ·abusive(形容词)：abusive language(侮辱性语言) 7.intrigue/m'tri:g/v.(因奇特或神秘而)激起…的兴趣，引起…的好奇心 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 1个核心义：（因奇特或神秘而）激起…的兴趣，引起…的好奇心 ·必记搭配与例句：·intrigue sb.(激起某人的兴趣)：The mystery novel intrigued all the readers. ●be intrigued by(对…感兴趣)：She was intrigued by his unusual behavior. ·用法提醒：●及物动词，常用被动语态be intrigued by sth.,主语多为人 8.buy/'beri/v.将…埋在下面 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：将…埋在下面（具体动作）、使沉浸（抽象状态） ·必记搭配与例句：●bury sth.in sth.(把某物埋在某物中)：They buried the treasure in the garden. ·bury oneself in(埋头于)：She buried herself in her studies ·重点派生词：●burial(名词)：a burial ceremony(葬礼) 9.tropical/'trDpikl/adj..来自热带的：产于热带的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 1个核心义：来自热带的：产于热带的（地域特征） ·必记搭配与例句：●tropical climate(热带气候)：Singapore has a tropical climate. ·tropical plants(热带植物)：The garden is filled with tropical plants. ·用法提醒：·无副词形式，修饰名词时直接前置，如tropical storm(热带风暴) 10.cyclone/'sarklaon/n.气旋：旋风 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 1个核心义：气旋：旋风（气象术语） ·必记搭配与例句：·tropical cyclone(热带气旋)：The coastal area was hit by a tropical cyclone. ●cyclone warning(气旋警报)：The government issued a cyclone warning. ·易混词辨析：·cyclone vs typhoon vs hurricane:均指强风暴，cyclone用于印度洋/南太平洋， typhoon用于西北太平洋，hurricane用于大西洋/东北太平洋 11.downfall/'daunfo:/n.衰败 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n.) 1个核心义：衰败（国家、企业或个人的衰落) 高中选择性必修第四册外研 词汇精讲 ·必记搭配与例句：●the downfall of(…的衰败)：The scandal ledto the downfall of the government.. ·cause one's downfall(导致某人衰败)：Greed caused his downfall. ·近义短语：●fall into ruin(衰落，败落)：The ancient city fell into ruin. 12.dismiss./ds'mIs/v.拒绝考虑，否定 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：拒绝考虑，否定（观点）、解雇（员工） ·必记搭配与例句：·dismiss sth.as(把某事视为…而不予考虑)：He dismissed the idea as impossible. ·dismiss sb.from(解雇某人)：She was dismissed from her job for misconduct.. ·重点派生词：●dismissal(名词)：unfair dismissal(不公平解雇) 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The team felt greatwhen they lost the final match. 。A.frustration ·B.expense ·C.supervision 。D.downfall 2.The company decided toa new engineer to work on the project. ·A.bury ●B.hire ●C.dismiss ●D.intrigue 3.She saved a lot of money,_allowing her to buy a new car. 。A.thereby ●B.tropical 高中选择性必修第四册外研 词汇精讲 ·C.abuse ●D.cyclone 4.All laboratory work must be done under theof the teacher. ●A.expense ●B.downfall ·C.supervision 。D.frustration 5.He achieved successthe expense of his family time. ·A.by ●B.at ●c.in 。D.on 6.The report exposed the_of power by some government officials. ●A.abuse ●B.burial ·C.dismissal ●D.intrigue 7.The mystery novelmany readers with its unexpected plot twists. ●A.buried ●B.intrigued ·C.dismissed ·D.hired 8.Farmers in the area oftentheir crops in soil to protect them from frost. ●A.bury 高中选择性必修第四册外研 词汇精讲 ·B.dismiss ●C.supervise ●D.abuse 9.Singapore is known for its hot and humidclimate. 。A.cyclone ●B.tropical ●C.downfall ●D.frustrated 10.The ancient kingdom'swas caused by years of war and economic crisis. ·A.expense ·B.supervision 。C.downfall 。D.intrigue 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.Her constant_(frustrate)with the slow progress made her quit the job. 2.The company announced the_(dismiss)of three employees for misconduct. 3.The manager decided to(supervise)the project personally to ensure quality. 4.After the storm,they held a_(bury)ceremony for their lost pet. 5.The_(abuse)use of natural resources has led to serious environmental problems. 6.He was_(intrigue)by the strange symbols carved on the old stone. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The government issued a cwarning as the storm approached the coast. 2.His addiction to gambling eventually led to his d. 3.She bherself in books to forget about the stressful work. 4.The company will c_all travel expenses for the business trip 高中选择性必修第四册外研 词汇精讲 5.The new policy was d as impractical by most experts. 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.C5B6.A7B8.A9B10.C ·二、根据提示补全句子 1.frustration 2.dismissal 3.supervise 4.burial 5.abusive 6.intrigued ·三、首字母填空 1.cyclone 2.downfall 3.buried 4.cover 5.dismissed