Unit 6 Period 3 Starting out & Understanding ideas-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Period 3　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The match had just begun when it rained cats and dogs，and then the match was suspended. 2．The mission for the crew(全体机组人员) of the space shuttle will be over. 3．He soon got accustomed(习惯的) to dormitory life and made two or three friends. 4．The girl screamed aloud suddenly when she saw a snake come out behind a tree. 5．They have no idea how to deal with the hazardous(危险的) waste they have produced. 6．Some people have the wrong notion(观念) that one can get infected with AIDS by hugging. 7．He stood quietly in the middle of the room and the light from the candle threw his shadow on the walls. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．Having exceptional wisdom does not necessarily mean being successful.For instance，with very few exceptions most members of the Mensa society for people with high IQs remain unexceptional.(exception) 2．Tragically，he was killed in a tragic accident at the age of 24，which was a tragedy to the ones who loved him.(tragic) 3．Dying is not an instantaneous process；it doesn’t happen instantaneously.(instantaneous) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Unaware of the danger，she walked into the forest.(形容词短语作状语) 她没有意识到危险，走进了森林。 2．The company made up of five small factories is facing an awful financial crisis.(过去分词短语作定语) 这个由五个小工厂组成的公司正面临严重的财政危机。 3．No matter how you come to school，you must arrive on time.(no matter how引导让步状语从句) 无论你怎么来学校，你必须按时到。 4．She raised her head and stared at me，tears welling up her sorrowful eyes.(独立主格) 她抬起头来盯着我，悲伤的泪水夺眶而出。 patience n．耐心(patient adj.有耐心的n.病人patiently adv.耐心地 impatient adj.不耐烦的，没有耐心的) •have patience with 对……有耐心 have no patience with对……不能容忍，对……没有耐性 have the patience to do sth有耐心做某事 with patience耐心地 out of patience失去耐心；不耐烦 •be patient with sb对某人有耐心 (1)The patient is just a little child，thereby you should be patient with him. (2)I have no patience(patient) with people who smoke in restaurants. (3)Aware that I was impatient/out of patience，my partner explained to me patiently/with patience，“Only when we have the patience to do our project can we succeed.” Hearing that，I cast a smile of gratitude to him. 意识到我失去了耐心，我的搭档耐心地向我解释，“只有当我们有耐心地做我们的项目时，我们才能成功。”听到这句话，我向他投去感激的笑容。 aware adj.意识到的；知道的(unaware adj.未察觉的；不知道的awareness n．知道；意识) •be/become aware of知道，明白；意识到…… be/become aware that...知道……；意识到…… •raise one’s awareness of提高某人的……意识 注意：修饰aware可用well，much，very much，fully，但不用very。 (1)Her popular book Silent Spring raised people’s awareness(aware) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans. (2)She was not aware of the hazardous situation in the building and walked into it directly. →She was unaware(aware) of the hazardous situation in the building and walked into it directly. →Unaware/Not aware of the hazardous situation in the building，she walked into it directly. doubt n．怀疑；疑惑 vt.怀疑；疑惑(doubtful adj.可疑的；不确定的 undoubtedly adv.确实地；毋庸置疑地) There is no doubt毫无疑问…… There is some doubt whether/about...是否/关于……有疑问。 in doubt不肯定；不确定 without/beyond doubt毫无疑问；的确 注意：doubt用作动词时，肯定句中多接whether或if引导的宾语从句；否定句和疑问句中后接that引导的宾语从句。 (1)And whether the community’s work contributes to accumulating knowledge is doubtful(doubt)． (2)Undoubtedly(doubt)，the Sanxingdui Ruins has been referred to as one of the world’s greatest archaeological finds of the 20th century. (3)There is some doubt whether the expansion of business will lead to more profits. (4)毫无疑问，在您耐心的指导下，我们将从这次出行中受益匪浅。 ①There is no doubt that under your patient guidance，we will benefit a lot from the excursion. ②Without/Beyond doubt，under your patient guidance，we will benefit a lot from the excursion. become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事(accustom vt.使习惯于……；使适应……) •be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth＝be/get used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事 •accustom oneself/sb to (doing) sth使某人习惯于(做)某事 (1)Your immune system will become accustomed to the substance gradually. (2)Mr King was accustomed to living in the countryside and found it hard to suspend this life and live in the city. ①Accustomed to living in the countryside，Mr King found it hard to suspend this life and live in the city.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) ②Accustoming himself to living in the countryside，Mr King found it hard to suspend this life and live in the city.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) call to 呼唤，向……喊 call at sp拜访某地 call on sb拜访某人 call for要求，需要 call in召集；召来 call off 取消 call up 打电话给；使回忆起；征召入伍 call on sb to do sth号召某人做某事 (1)He called to(向……喊) Jack to abandon his plan，but Jack pretended not to hear. (2)The children in the village often called at her house(拜访她家) and enjoyed themselves by listening to her stories. (3)The other day I called on Mr Davis，whose manufacturer called for a consultant.He was not in his office.When I called him up he told me that he would be back soon because the meeting was called off.He had planned to call on his workers to come up with ways to increase production at the meeting. 前几天，我去拜访Mr Davis，他的制造厂需要一名顾问。他不在办公室。我打电话给他时他说很快就回来，因为会议被取消了。他原本打算在会议上号召工人们提出提高产量的方法。 Ⅰ.一词多义 shadow A.影子　B.昏暗处；背光处　C.坏影响，阴影　D.少许，一丁点 1．His face was deep in shadow，turned away from us. B 2．The kids are chasing each other’s shadows，jumping and laughing. A 3．They stole the money，made a getaway and lived under the shadow of fear. C 4．A shadow of a smile touched his mouth for a moment. D Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．A bus shuttles passengers back and forth from the station to the terminal.往返运送 2．Hiring a professional photography crew，Jay and Hannah toured Europe to take their wedding photos in October.专业团队 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It will not be long before you get accustomed to driving(drive) on the left side of the road in Britain. 2．Heroes are positive role models who give us confidence，motivation，and the drive to reach for the stars. 3．These unexceptional events have led to the suspension(suspend) of talks. 4．Unexpectedly，I was face-to-face with a gorilla，who began screaming(scream) at the top of her lungs. 5．The enterprising young lady still held on to her job although many of her colleagues quitted. 6．Tragically(tragic)，she was abandoned as a baby by her parents on a cold night. 7．Every substance，no matter what it is，is composed(compose) of very small particles called molecules(分子)． 8．China is known to be very rich in natural resources，which puts her in a good position to develop her industry and agriculture. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The explorers failed to set foot on the land of Antarctica due to extreme weather. 2．She suddenly came across an unknown monster in the forest，which brought her heart in her mouth. 3．Seeing the space shuttle taking off，a great sense of national pride arose spontaneously. 4．We always tune in to the CCTV-news channel to get informed of the latest news both home and abroad. 5．Without doubt，this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——太空授课) 1．为了提高人们的科普(popularization of science)意识，中国宇航员在天宫空间站进行了一次科学讲座。(raise one’s awareness of) To raise people’s awareness of popularization of science，Chinese astronauts conducted a science lecture from the Tiangong space station. 2．“天宫课堂”是中国第一个在太空空间站举行的讲座，它吸引了数百万观众。(独立主格) The “Tiangong Classroom” being the first lecture conducted in space station in China，it attracted millions of viewers. 3．在“天宫课堂”中，我们观看了许多在零重力条件下演示的科学实验。(过去分词短语作后置定语) In the “Tiangong Classroom”，we watched many scientific experiments demonstrated in zero-gravity conditions. 4．航天员们还耐心地回答了学生们的各种问题。(patience) The astronauts also answered various questions from students with great patience. 5．毫无疑问，学生们对科学学习的兴趣通过这次活动得到了加强。 There is no doubt that through the activity students’ interest in science learning was strengthened. Ⅳ.阅读理解 The Tiangong space station，the first space station，is not just for China but for all humanity.The completion of Tiangong is another milestone for an ambitious space program.The construction of the station is based on the experience gained from its pioneers，Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2.The first module(舱)，the Tianhe core module，was launched on 29 April 2021，followed by multiple crewed and uncrewed missions and two more modules launched in 2022. According to China Manned Space Agency (CMSA)，which operates the space station，the purpose and missions of Tiangong space station are listed as: breakthrough in key technologies such as permanent human operations in orbit，long-term autonomous spaceflight of the space station，life support technology; development of technology that can aid future deep space exploration. The Tianhe Core Cabin Module (CCM) provides life support and living quarters for three crew members and provides guidance，navigation(导航) for the station.The module also provides the station’s power and life support system.The station is equipped with a small kitchen for food preparation and the first-ever microwave oven in the spaceflight，so that astronauts can always have hot food whenever they need.120 different types of food，selected based on astronauts’ preference，are stored aboard. China’s intention to build its own space station was amplified(增强的) after NASA refused Chinese participation in International Space Station in 2011.On 22 February 2017，CMSA and Italian Space Agency (ASI) signed an agreement to cooperate on long-term human spaceflight activities.The agreement holds importance due to Italy’s leading position in the field of human spaceflight with regard to the creation and development of the International Space Station and it shows Italy’s increased expectation in China’s developing space station program.Tiangong is also expected to host experiments from many other countries. 1．What can be inferred from the passage about the Tiangong space station? A．It only conducts experiments from China. B．It can be helpful to further space exploration. C．Permanent human operations in orbit are impossible. D．Three more modules were launched in 2022 after the Taihe core module had been put into orbit. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容“According to China Manned Space Agency (CMSA)．..development of technology that can aid future deep space exploration.”可推断，天宫空间站未来可以帮助进一步的太空探索。故选B。 2．What does the paragraph 3 tell? A．Some high-tech equipment. B．Ways to cook food in space. C．Life supporting technologies. D．Living conditions on CCM. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段内容“The Tianhe Core Cabin Module (CCM) provides life support...selected based on astronauts’ preference，are stored aboard.”可知，本段主要讲述的是CCM中的生活状况。故选D。 3．When was China strongly determined to build its own space station? A．In 2022. B．In 2017. C．In 2011. D．In 1949. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段首句可知，中国于2011年开始强烈地想要建造属于自己的空间站。故选C。 4．In which section of a website may this text appear? A．Space fiction. B．Science and Technology. C．Culture. D．Health and diet. 答案　B 解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是中国的天宫空间站，属于科技领域。因此可以在网站的科技部分出现。故选B。 Ⅴ.完形填空 The idea of holidays to the moon was once a concept of science fiction.However，several companies are racing to make it a 1 .To prepare for these holidays，Horizon Studios has 2 the world’s first luggage for space travel. The suitcase was co-designed by Alyssa Carson，who wanted to be one of the 3 on board NASA’s first manned mission on Mars in 2033. The suitcase，called Horizon ONE，is built from a special material，making it very strong and 4 .It is estimated that the case weighs no more than 900 grams! The base of the bag is electromagnetic (电磁的), 5 it to guide to the floor or walls even in zero 6 environments.Meanwhile，the suitcase is 7 with a lot of electronics，including Graphene supercapacitors(石墨烯超级电容器) and a charging field for wireless charging，an in-built smart screen，and fingerprint 8 .However，the suitcase has an eye-watering price that is likely to 9 many customers.It is currently priced at $40,000. Stefan Holwe，founder of Horizon Studios，said，“As a 10 travel brand，it is our job to enable 11 minds to go further，so this project lies very close to our hearts.We are happy to work with Alyssa，who 12 represents space travel for the next generation.” Space is seen as the final frontier，and Horizon ONE brings us one step closer.It shows how far smart travel technology has come，and how far it can 13 . Sadly，the suitcase is still a 14 and Horizon Studio expects the first space range to 15 in 2030. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。地平线工作室公布了世界上第一批用于太空旅行的行李箱，文章介绍了这个行李箱所采用的一些技术和理念。 1．A.dream B．reality C．hope D．success 答案　B 解析　根据后文“To prepare for these holidays”可知，有工作室为了度假在做准备，可见几家公司正在竞相实现这一目标。故选B。 2．A.produced B．reviewed C．demonstrated D．revealed 答案　D 解析　根据后文“the world’s first luggage for space travel”可知，指公布了世界上第一批用于太空旅行的行李箱。故选D。 3．A.designers B．scientists C．pilots D．astronauts 答案　D 解析　根据后文“on board NASA’s first manned mission on Mars in 2033”可知，Alyssa Carson想成为美国宇航局2033年首次载人火星任务的宇航员之一。故选D。 4．A.small B．light C．large D．heavy 答案　B 解析　根据后文“It is estimated that the case weighs no more than 900 grams！”可知，箱子很轻。故选B。 5．A.allowing B．causing C．forcing D．forbidding 答案　A 解析　根据上文“The base of the bag is electromagnetic(电磁的)”可知，袋子的底部有电磁，所以允许箱子在零重力环境中放到地板或墙上。故选A。 6．A.tolerance B．activity C．gravity D．interaction 答案　C 解析　结合上文可知，箱子是为了太空旅行设计的，所以是在零重力环境下，故选C。 7．A.equipped B．burdened C．confronted D．surrounded 答案　A 解析　根据后文“with a lot of electronics，including Graphene supercapacitors(石墨烯超级电容器) and a charging field for wireless charging，an in-built smart screen”可知，行李箱配备了很多电子设备，故选A。 8．A.installment B．recognition C．facility D．instrument 答案　B 解析　根据上文fingerprint可知，此处为指纹识别技术，应用fingerprint recognition。故选B。 9．A.give off B．turn off C．put off D．put away 答案　C 解析　根据后文“It is currently priced at $40,000.”可知，这个旅行箱的价格太高，很可能会让很多顾客望而却步。put off此处意为“使(某人)失去热情”。故选C。 10．A.traditional B．new C．fashionable D．smart 答案　D 解析　根据后文“It shows how far smart travel technology has come”可知，这个品牌展示了智能出行技术，是智能旅游品牌。故选D。 11．A.curious B．dangerous C．conscious D．anxious 答案　A 解析　根据后文“minds to go further”可知，走得更远的是好奇的头脑，符合太空探索的要求。故选A。 12．A.hopelessly B．aimlessly C．carelessly D．fearlessly 答案　D 解析　根据后文“represents space travel for the next generation”可知，此处指Alyssa无畏地代表着下一代的太空旅行。故选D。 13．A.run B．go C．travel D．stand 答案　B 解析　根据上文“how far smart travel technology has come，and how far it can”可知，地平线一号展示了智能出行技术已经走了多远，以及它能走多远。故选B。 14．A.brand B．project C．concept D．designer 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Sadly，the suitcase is still a”中Sadly “遗憾的是”可知，行李箱仍是一个概念，故选C。 15．A.depart B．launch C．arrive D．disappear 答案　C 解析　根据后文“in 2030”可知，此处指地平线工作室预计第一个太空系列将于2030年问世。故选C。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Many people may ask why we spend so much time and money on space technologies that will send us into space and help us explore planets in the 1. (distant) while，at home on Earth，we already have so many challenges in need of solutions. Actually，the development of space technologies has already benefited Earth in 2.________________(many) ways than one.For example，the GPS system has helped us to reduce energy use on sea，land and in the air by up to 35%.Other technologies 3. (adapt) from space use have also helped us to reduce greenhouse gas emissions(排放)，4. affect environments across the globe.One of the best examples is solar power.It 5. (create) by NASA in the 1950s for its space labs.Nowadays，it has been widely used in the world 6._________________(replace) coal and oil in order to cut greenhouse gas emissions. Not only can space technologies protect society 7. climate change，but they can also help 8. extremely wide range of Earth-based services and industries.And in the next 5 to 20 years，we will see more advanced space technologies make 9. (they) marks in our daily life. In short，space technologies are a very important part of our society.As we further explore the space，the new technologies needed to do so will 10. (great) benefit our lives down on Earth and help us to improve our society and safeguard our planet，too. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了太空技术的发展能够极大地推动人类社会的进步。 1．答案　distance 解析　考查名词。根据空前的冠词the可知，所填词为名词，作介词in的宾语。distant的名词为distance，构成固定短语in the distance (在远处)。故填distance。 2．答案　more 解析　考查比较级。根据空后的than可知，此处应用many的比较级more。故填more。 3．答案　adapted 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析该句成分可知，句中已有谓语have helped，adapt应用非谓语动词形式，所填词在此处作后置定语，修饰technologies，且adapt 与technologies之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词adapted表被动。故填adapted。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句；先行词为emissions，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 5．答案　was created 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处为句子的谓语，由时间状语in the 1950s可知，该句陈述的是过去发生的事，故用所给动词的一般过去时，且It与create之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用所给动词的被动语态，主语it为单数，be动词用was。故填was created。 6．答案　to replace 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析该句成分可知，已有谓语has been used，replace应用非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知此处表示“为了，以”，所以用所给动词的不定式，作目的状语。故填to replace。 7．答案　from/against 解析　考查介词。protect sth from/against...意为“保护某物免于……”，为固定搭配。故填from或against。 8．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。a wide range of意为“范围广泛的”，为固定短语。又因为空后的extremely的发音以元音音素开头，此处应用不定冠词an。故填an。 9．答案　their 解析　考查代词。分析句子可知，此处用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词marks，表示“它们的印记”。故填their。 10．答案　greatly 解析　考查副词。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处修饰动词benefit，作状语，故用所给形容词的副词形式greatly。故填greatly。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$