Unit 5 Animals Around Us 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第三册（冀教版）

高中英语冀教版 【必修3】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 必修3 【Unit5】Animals Around Us 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 extinction/k'stkn/n.（植物、点 咔声v.(使)发出咔哒声；点 动物、生活方式等的)灭绝，绝previous /'pri:ias/adj.先前的；击 种 以往的 bounce /baons/v.(使)弹起， whale /weil/n.鲸 fascinating/'faesmnertn/adj.极弹跳 power/pava(r)/n.力量；能力：有吸引力的；迷人的 Atlantic/t'laentrk/n.大西洋 权利 tusk/tAsk/n.长牙 adj.大西洋的 female/'fi:mel/ad.雌的：母的ivoy/'arvari/n.象牙；长牙 habitat/"haebitaet/n.栖息地：（动 n.雌性动（植）物 decoration/.deks'reIn/n.装饰植物的)生活环境 differ/'dfa)/v.相异：有区别品 destroy/d'stro/v.毁坏；摧毁 specific/sp3'sfk/adj.特定的 dinosaur/'damas3:)/n.恐龙 nowhere/'nouwea(/adv.无处； matriarch/mertria:k/n.女族长dolphin/'dplfi/n.海豚 哪里都不 location /lav'ken/n.位置；地click /klik/n.短而尖的声音；咔 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.female/'fi:meil/adj.雌的；母的n.雌性动（植）物 词汇变形 对应词：male（adj.雄的：n.雄性动（植）物) 构词解析 前缀fe-(源自拉丁语femina“女性”)+male(此处并非“男性”，而是词源分化后的独立词汇)，共 同构成表示“女性/雌性”的词汇。 例句：The female whale leads the group to find food in the ocean 真题链接（冀教版高中必修3同步练习）：In many animal groups,the__(female)is usually larger and stronger than the male..(答案：female) 2.differ/dfar)/v.相异：有区别 词汇变形 名词形式：difference(差异；不同之处) 形容词形式：different(不同的：有差异的) 副词形式：differently(不同地；有差异地) 高中英语冀教版 【必修3】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析 前缀dif.(=dis-,表“分开、否定”)+fr(词根，表“携带、带来”)，字面义“带来不同的东西” →“相异”。 后缀-ence构成名词，-ent构成形容词，ly构成副词。 例句：Opinions on this issue differ from person to person. 真题链接（冀教版高中必修3单元测试）：There are many (different)between the two cultures. (答案：differences). 3.specific/spa'sIfk/adj.特定的 词汇变形 副词形式：specifically(明确地；具体地) 名词形式：specificity(特异性；具体性，较少用) 构词解析 前缀speci-(=species,表“种类”)+后缀-fic(making,表“使成为…的”)，合为“使成为特 定种类的”→“特定的”。 同类词：scientific(科学的)←-science(科学)、electric(电的)←electricity(电) The teacher gave specific instructions on how to complete the task. 4.previous/'pri:vis/adj.先前的；以往的 词汇变形 副词形式：previously(先前地；以往地) 构词解析 前缀pre-(表“在…之前”)+i(=way,表“道路”)+后缀-ous(表“具有…性质的”)，合为 “在前面道路上的”→“先前的”。 例句：I had met him on a previous occasion. 真题链接（冀教版高中必修3阅读专项训练）： (previous)studies have shown that exercise is good for mental health.（答案：Previous) 5.fascinating/'faesineit)/adj.极有吸引力的：迷人的 词汇变形 动词形式：fascinate（迷住：吸引) 名词形式：fascination(魅力：迷恋) 构词解析 后缀ig:加在动词后构成形容词，表“令人…的”。 同类词：interesting(有趣的)、exciting(令人兴奋的) The story of the matriarch whale is fascinating to both scientists and students. 6.decoration/,dekg'reun/n.装饰品 词汇变形 动词形式：decorate(装饰；装潢) 形容词形式：decorative(装饰性的) 构词解析 2 高中英语冀教版 【必修3】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 词根decor（表“美、装饰”)+后缀-ation(构成名词，表“动作或结果”)，-ate构成动词，-ive构 成形容词。 例句：The Christmas tree was covered with colorful decorations.. 真题链接（冀教版高中必修3语法填空）：They spent the whole afternoon (decorate)the classroom for the party.(答案：decorating) 7.habitat/'haebitaet/.n.栖息地 构词解析 前缀habit-(表“居住”，同根词habit“习惯”)+后缀-at(表“场所”)，合为“居住的场所”→ “栖息地”。 同类词：climate(气候)、fortunate(幸运的)（注：-at此处为名词后缀，与动词后缀-ate不同） The destruction of their habitat has led to the extinction of many species. 8.destroy/d'stro/v.毁坏：摧毁 词汇变形 名词形式：destruction(破坏；毁灭) 形容词形式：destructive(破坏性的：毁灭性的) 构词解析 前缀de（表“完全、否定”)+stroy(=struct,表“建造”)，字面义“完全拆开建造的东西”→“毁 坏”。 同类词：construct（建造)→destruction(破坏)、instruct(指导)→instruction(指导) 例句：The fire destroyed most of the buildings in the area 真题链接（冀教版高中必修3完形填空）：The storm caused great (destroy)to the coastal villages. (答案：destruction) 9.nowhere/'nauwea(r)/adv.无处：哪里都不 构词解析 复合词：n0(没有)+where(哪里)，表“没有地方”→“无处”。 同类词：nothing(没有东西)、nobody(没有人) 例句：Nowhere else in the world can you find such beautiful scenery. 真题链接（冀教版高中必修3语法填空）：He had(nowhere)togo,so he stayed with his friend for the night.(答案：nowhere) 10.extinction/k'stkn/n.(植物、动物、生活方式等的)灭绝，绝种 词汇变形 动词形式：extinguish(熄灭：使灭绝) 构词解析 前缀ex-（表“完全”)+stinct(=sting,表“刺、叮”，引申为“生命的刺激”)+后缀-ion(构成名 词，表“动作或结果”)，字面义“完全失去生命的刺激”→“灭绝”。 例句：Human activities have加速the extinction of many endangered species, 真题链接（冀教版高中必修3阅读理解）：The article mainly discusses the causes of animal (extinct).(答案：extinction) 3 高中英语冀教版 【必修3】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 11.power/'paUa(r)/n.力量；能力：权利 词汇变形 形容词形式：powerful(强大的：有力的) 副词形式：powerfully(强大地；有力地) 构词解析 后缀fl:加在名词后构成形容词，表“充满…的”。 同类词：helpful(有帮助的)、careful(小心的) 例句：Knowledge is a powerful tool for changing the world. 真题链接（冀教版高中必修3写作专项)：The president has the(powerful)to veto bills passed by Congress.(答案：power) 12.Atlantic/et'laentik/n.大西洋adj.大西洋的 构词解析 后缀ic:加在名词后构成形容词，表“与…有关的”。 同类词：Pacific(太平洋的)、Arctic（北极的) 例句：The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world, 真题链接（冀教版高中必修3地理相关阅读）：The_一(Atlantic)coast of Canada is famous for its beautiful scenery.(答案：Atlantic) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The blue whale is the largest (哺乳动物in the world. 2.The (雌性的)panda takes care of her cubs alone in the wild. 3.The (大西洋的)Ocean separates Europe from America 4.We must protect the natural (栖息地)of endangered species. 5.The (of dinosaurs is still a mystery to scientists 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The two sisters (differ)in both appearance and personality. 2.She (previously)worked as a teacher before becoming a writer. 3.The company has a(specifically)plan to expand its business overseas. 4.The (fascinate)story attracted millions of readers around the world. 5.The (decorate)of the hall took three days to complete. 4 高中英语冀教版 【必修3】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这两个城市在文化上有很多差异。 There are many between the two cities in culture. 2.她先前的工作经验使她在面试中脱颖而出。 Her work experience helped her stand out in the interview. 3.科学家们正在研究这种动物的栖息地破坏问题。 Scientists are studying the destruction of this animal's 4.他明确表示不会参加明天的会议。 He」 stated that he would not attend tomorrow's meeting. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Whales are one of the most (fascinate)creatures in the ocean.The (female)whale, called a cow,often leads the group to find food.However,human activities have caused great (destroy)to their (habitat).(previous)studies show that overfishing and pollution are pushing some species towards (extinct).To protect them,we need to take (power) measures,such as creating protected areas and reducing plastic waste.Only by working together can we ensure these (amaze)animals survive for future generations. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.mammal 2.female 3.Atlantic 4.habitat 5.extinction Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.differ 2.previously 3.specific 4.fascinating 5.decoration ⅡL完成句子 1.differences 2.previous 3.habitat 4.specifically V.语篇填空 1.fascinating 2.female 3.destruction 4.habitat 5.Previous 6.extinction 7.power- ful 8.amazing 5