Unit 4 Achievements 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第二册（沪教版）

高中必修第二册沪教版 【词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 词汇精讲 【Unit4】Achievements(- 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 brick /brik/n.砖：砖块 sharp /fap/adj.锋利的：锐利的 intelligent /in'telid3ant/adj. gain/gen/m.好处；利益：改进 skin/skmm.皮；皮肤 物)有智力的：聪明的 attract/A'traekt/v.使感兴趣；吸strength/streθh.体力：力气；struggle/'strAgl/w.搏斗：挣扎； 引：使喜爱 力量 奋斗：努力 shark/小ak/n.鲨鱼 wap个p/w.用…缠绕：包，sink /s四kW.下沉 target/'ta:gt/h.(攻击的)目裹（某物） ahead/a'hed/adv.(时空)向前 标：指标 bleed /bli:d/w.流血：失血 面：在前面 approach'prautf/v.(时空上)bite/bait/v.咬 maintain /mem'tem/W.维持：保 靠近；接近n.方法 defeat/d'fi:thn.失败V.击败；持；固执己见 attack /'taek/~.袭击：攻击n.战胜 袭击；攻击 destroy/d'stro/v.摧毁 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.intelligent/m'teld3nt/adj.(生物)有智力的：聪明的 名词形式：intelligence(智力；智慧) 构词解析：前缀intel.-(=inter-,表“在…之间；相互”)+词根lig(=choose,表“选择”)+后缀 -nt（构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”)。字面含义“能在事物间做出选择的”，即“有智力的”。 同类词：intelligent(聪明的)→intelligence(智力)：confident(自信的)→confidence(信心) Dolphins are known as intelligent animals that can learn complex tasks. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习）：The ability to solve problems shows a high level of (intelligent).(答案：intelligence) 2.attract/月traekt/v.使感兴趣：吸引；使喜爱 名词形式：attraction(吸引力；景点) 形容词形式：attractive(有吸引力的；迷人的) 构词解析：前缀at-(=ad-,表“朝向”)+词根act(=draw,表“拉”)。字面含义“拉向…方向”， 即“吸引”。后缀-ion构成名词，ive构成形容词。 同类词：attract(吸引)一→attraction(吸引力)→attractive(吸引人的)：act(行动)→action(行 动)→active(活跃的) 1 高中必修第二册沪教版 【词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 The beautiful scenery of the mountain attracts thousands of visitors every year. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册教材例句)：The new museum has become a popular_一(attract) in the city.(答案：attraction) 3.approach /a'prautf.(时空上)靠近：接近n.方法 名词形式：approach(方法：途径，同词根名词) 构词解析：前缀a即-(=ad-,表“朝向”)+词根proach(near,表“接近”)。动词含义“靠近”，名 词含义“接近的方式”即“方法”。 同类词：approach（靠近；方法)：approximate(近似的)←proxi(lear) 例句：As we approached the stadium,we could hear the cheers of the crowd, 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习）：We need to find a new (approach)to solving this problem.(答案：approach) 4.attack/'tekv.袭击；攻击n.袭击：攻击 名词形式：attack(袭击；攻击，同形名词) 形容词形式：aggressive（攻击性的；有进取心的，词根同ag-=act) 构词解析：前缀at(=ad-,表“朝向”)+词根tack(=touch,表“接触”)。字面含义“朝向…接 触”，即“攻击”。 同类词：attack(攻击)：attach(附加，tach=nail) 例句：The soldiers were ordered to attack the enemy camp at dawn. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册阅读素材）：The sudden(attack)by the shark left the swimmer seriously injured.(答案：attack) 5.strength/stre创/h.体力；力气：力量 形容词形式：strong(强壮的；强大的) 动词形式：strengthen(加强：巩固) 构词解析：词根streng(=strong,表“强壮的”)+后缀-th(构成抽象名词，表“性质、状态”)。形 容词strong去“g”加“th”构成名词strength:后缀-en加在形容词后构成动词，表“使…变得”。 同类词：strong(强壮的)→strength(力量)→strengthen(加强)：long(长的)一→length(长度) →lengthen(加长) Regular exercise can improve both physical strength and mental health. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习）：We need to(strength)our teamwork to win the game.(答案：strengthen) 6.bleed /bli:d/w.流血：失血 名词形式：blood(血液) 构词解析：词根bleed与blood同源，均来自古英语blōd(血液)，动词含义“流出血液”即“流血”。 例句：If you cut your finger,.it will bleed for a few minutes. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册完形填空）：The doctor stopped the wound from(bleed)with a clean bandage.(答案：bleeding) 7.defeat/d仙'fit/n.失败v.击败：战胜 2 高中必修第二册沪教版 【词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 名词形式：defeat(失败，同形名词) 构词解析：前缀de-(表“向下；相反”")+词根feat(=do,表“做”)。字面含义“做与目标相反的 事”，即“击败：失败”。 同类词：defeat(击败；失败)：achieve(实现)←-a-(表“加强”)+chieve(=do) The team refused to accept defeat and tried their best until the end. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册阅读理解）：Despite their efforts,.the army suffered a heavy (defeat)in the battle.(答案：defeat) 8.destroy/dh'stroI//w.摧毁 名词形式：destruction(破坏；毁灭) 形容词形式：destructive(破坏性的) 构词解析：前缀de(表“完全；相反”)+词根struct(=build,表“建造”)+后缀-oy(动词后缀)。 字面含义“完全毁掉建造的事物”，即“摧毁”。后缀-ion构成名词，-ive构成形容词。 同类词：destroy(摧毁)→destruction(破坏)→destructive(破坏性的)；construct(建造)→ construction(建设)→constructive(建设性的) 例句：The earthquake destroyed hundreds of homes in the small town. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习）：The storm caused great (destroy)to the coastal villages.(答案：destruction) 9.maintain /mem'tem/v.维持：保持；固执己见 名词形式：maintenance(维护；保养) 构词解析：前缀main-(=manu-,表“手”)+词根tain(=hold,表“握住：保持”)。字面含义“用 手保持住”，即“维持；保持”。 同类词：maintain(维持)→naintenance(维护)：contain(包含)←-tain(=hold) It's important to maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise to live longer. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册书面表达）：The park requires regular一(maintain)to keep it clean and beautiful.(答案：maintenance) l0.sharp /fa:p/adj.锋利的；锐利的 副词形式：sharply(锋利地：急剧地) 动词形式：sharpen(使锋利：削尖) 构词解析：词根shap(表“锋利的”)+后缀-y构成副词；后缀-en构成动词，表“使…变得”。 同类词：sharp(锋利的)→sharply(急剧地)→sharpen(削尖)：fast(快的)→fastly(快速地， 较少用)→fasten(系紧) 例句：The knife has a sharp blade that can cut through meat easily.. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习）：Please_(shap)the pencil before the exam.(答 案：sharpen) l1.gain/gen/h.好处；利益；改进v.获得：增加 名词形式：gain（好处；利益，同形名词) 构词解析：词根gain表“获得”，动词和名词同形，名词含义“获得的东西”即“好处；利益”。 例句：She worked hard to gain experience in her new job. 3 高中必修第二册沪教版 【词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第二册阅读理解）：The company has made significant (gain)in the international market this year..(答案：gains) 综合训练 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The ability to solve problems shows a high level of (智力). 7.The new museum has become a popular (景点)in the city.. 8.Regular exercise can improve both physical (力量)and mental health 9.The storm caused great (to the coastal villages. 10.The park requires regular (维护)to keep it clean and beautiful. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Dolphins are known as (intelligent)animals that can learn complex tasks. 2.The beautiful scenery of the mountain (attract)thousands of visitors every year. 3.We need to find a new_ (approach)to solving this problem. 4.The sudden (attack)by the shark left the swimmer seriously injured. 5.We need to (strength)our teamwork to win the game. 6.The doctor stopped the wound from (bleed)with a clean bandage. 7.Despite their efforts,the army suffered a heavy(defeat)in the battle. 8.Please (sharp)the pencil before the exam. 9.The company has made significant (gain)in the international market this year 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.海豚被认为是聪明的动物，能学习复杂的任务。 Dolphins are known as animals that can learn complex tasks. 2.随着我们靠近体育馆，我们能听到人群的欢呼声。 As we the stadium,we could hear the cheers of the crowd. 4 高中必修第二册沪教版 【词汇精讲】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 3.这位士兵奉命在黎明时袭击敌人的营地。 The soldiers were ordered to the enemy camp at dawn 4.保持健康的饮食和规律的运动对长寿很重要。 It's important to a healthy diet and regular exercise to live longer. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Animals have different abilities.Dolphins,for example,are highly (intelligent)and can solve problems,showing a high level of(intelligence).Some scenic spots (attract)visitors because of their natural beauty,the mountain near our city,for instance,draws thousands of people every year. When (approach)new challenges,we need a proper(approach).Once,a swimmer was injured by a sudden shark(attack),but doctors quickly stopped the wound from (bleed). In sports,teams often face (defeat),but they must (strength)their teamwork to succeed. Natural disasters like storms can cause great(destroy),so we should protect the environment. Finally,remember to (sharp)your pencils before exams-small details matter! 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.intelligence 7.attraction 8.strength 9.destruction 10.maintenance L用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.intelligent 2.attracts 3.approach 4.attack 5.strengthen 6.bleeding 7.defeat 8.sharpen 9.gains L.完成句子 1.intelligent 2.approached 3.attack 4.maintain V.语篇填空 1.intelligent 2.intelligence 3.attract 4.approaching 5.approach 6.attack 7.bleeding 8.defeat 9.strengthen 10.destruction 11.sharpen