Unit 4 Achievements-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第二册（沪教版）

Unit 4 Achievements 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： brick gain attract shark target approach attack sharp skin strength wrap bleed bite defeat destroy intelligent struggle sink ahead;maintain等 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 gain 释义：n.好处；利益；改进v.获得：增加 /gem/ 词汇变形：gainer(n.);gaining(现在分词) 搭配：gain from从…获益；gain access to获得…的机会；gain weight/experience增加体重/经验；gain ground取得进展 辨析：gain强调通过努力获得有价值的东西；benefit侧重好处或利 益：profit多指金钱上的利润。 例句：Regular exercise can gain you better health 经常锻炼可以让你获得更好的健康。 She gained valuable experience from the volunteer work. 她从志愿工作中获得了宝贵的经验。 ---------------------- 2 attract 释义：v.使感兴趣；吸引；使喜爱 a'traekt/ 词汇变形：attraction(n.)吸引力：吸引人的事物：attractive(adj,)有 吸引力的；attractively(adv.) 搭配：attract sb.'s attention/interest吸引某人的注意/兴趣；attract sb.to sth.吸引某人做某事；be attracted by/to被…吸引 辨析：attract指客观上吸引；appealto强调主观上引起兴趣或好 感；cham指魅力吸引。 例句：The beautiful scenery attracted many tourists. 美丽的风景吸引了许多游客。 What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel. 这份工作最吸引我的是旅行的机会。 3 target 释义：n.(攻击的)目标：指标v.把…作为目标 /'ta:gIt/ 词汇变形：targeted(adj.)有针对性的；targeting(n) 搭配：target audience目标受众：target at/on瞄准；set a target设 定目标；hit/miss the target击中/未击中目标 辨析：target常指具体攻击或努力的目标；goal指长期或抽象的目 的：aim指短期明确的目的。 例句：The new policy targets small businesses. 新政策针对小企业。 Our sales target for this year is 1 million dollars. 我们今年的销售额目标是100万美元。 approach 释义：v.(时空上)靠近；接近n.方法：途径 la'prautf! 词汇变形：approachable(adj,)可接近的；友善的；approaching (n./adj.) 搭配：approach to(doing)sth.做某事的方法；approach sb.about sth.就某事接近某人at the approach of在…临近时 辨析：approach强调“处理问题的方式”；method指系统的、有条 理的方法：way最普通，泛指方式。 例句：We need to find a new approach to solving this problem 我们需要找到解决这个问题的新方法。 As winter approached,the weather became colder. 随着冬天的临近，天气变得更冷了。 attack 释义：v.袭击：攻击n.袭击；攻击；（疾病）发作 /'taek/ 词汇变形：attacker(n)攻击者：attacking(adj) 搭配：attack on/upon对…的攻击；under attack受到攻击；heart attack心脏病发作；attack sb.for(doing)sth.因某事攻击某人 辨析：attack指有预谋的武力攻击：assault指突然猛烈的攻击： stke指突然打击。 例句：The army attacked the enemy camp at dawn, 军队在黎明时分袭击了敌营。 The newspaper article launched a fierce attack on the government. 这篇文章对政府发起了猛烈的攻击。 6 sharp 释义：ad.锋利的：锐利的；敏锐的；急刷的 Sa:p/ 词汇变形：sharpen(v.)使锋利；加强：sharply(adv.)急剧地；严厉 地；sharpness(1n.) 搭配：sharp knife锋利的刀；sharp mind敏锐的头脑；sharp increase/decrease急剧增加/减少；sharp turn急转弯 辨析：shap普通用词，指刀锋或思维：keen指刃锋利或感官敏锐： acute指病痛严重或洞察力强。 例句：She has a sharp memory for numbers. 她对数字有敏锐的记忆力。 Prices have seen a sharp rise this month. 本月价格急剧上涨。 strength 释义：n.体力：力气：力量：优点 /strene/ 词汇变形：strong(adj,)强壮的；strengthen(v,)加强：strengths(复 数) 搭配：strength and weakness优点和缺点；build up strength增强体 力；full strength全力：on the strength of凭借 辨析：strength指内在的力量或长处；power指能力或权力；force 指外力或暴力。 例句：Regular exercise can build up your body's strength, 定期锻炼可以增强你的体力。 We need to recognize our own strengths and weaknesses. 我们需要认识到自己的优点和缺点。 8 defeat 释义：n.失败v.击败；战胜 /dI'fi.t/ 词汇变形：defeated(adj.)失败的；defeating(n) 搭配：suffer defeat遭受失败；admit defeat认输；defeat the enemy 击败敌人；defeat one's purpose使某人目的受挫 辨析：defeat指击败对手；beat口语化，比defeat更常用；conquer 指征服、控制。 例句：The team was defeated in the final match. 该队在决赛中被击败。 He refused to admit defeat and continued trying. 他拒绝认输并继续努力。 destroy 释义：V.摧毁；毁坏 /dI'strov/ 词汇变形：destruction)破坏；毁灭；destructive(adj)破坏性 的；destroyer,)破坏者 搭配：destroy evidence销毁证据；destroy sb.'s hope摧毁某人的希 望；completely destroy彻底摧毁 辨析：destroy强调彻底毁坏，无法修复；damage指部分损坏；min 指毁灭性破坏，常指抽象事物。 例句：The earthquake destroyed thousands ofhomes. 地震摧毁了成千上万的家园。 His carelessness destroyed his chances ofsuccess. 他的粗心毁掉了成功的机会。 10 intelligent 释义：adj.(生物)有智力的：聪明的 /m'telid3ant/ 词汇变形：intelligence(n.)智力；情报；intelligently(adv.)聪明地 搭配：intelligent design智能设计；artificial intelligence人工智 能：intelligent decision明智的决定 辨析：intelligent强调学习、理解能力强；smart口语化，指机灵； wise指有智慧、有经验判断力。 例句：Dolphins are considered highly intelligent animals 海豚被认为是高度聪明的动物。 She made an intelligent choice by studying abroad. 她通过出国留学做出了明智的选择。 11 struggle 释义：v.搏斗；挣扎；奋斗；努力n.斗争；挣扎 /'strAgl/ 词汇变形：struggling(adj)挣扎的；奋斗的；struggler(n.)奋斗者 搭配：struggle to do sth.努力做某事；struggle with/against与， 斗争；struggle for为…而奋斗；life-and-death struggle生死搏斗 辨析：struggle指需要付出巨大努力或斗争；strive强调努力奋斗； fght指具体战斗或对抗。 例句：Many families struggle to make ends meet. 许多家庭勉强度日。 He struggled against the strong wind to reach the shelter. 他顶着强风挣扎着到达避难所。 12 maintain 释义：v.维持：保持：固执己见；保养 mein'tem/ 词汇变形：maintenance(.)维护；保养；maintainable(adj)可维持 的 搭配：maintain balance保持平衡；maintain relationship维持关 系：maintain that..坚持认为…；maintain a car保养汽车 辨析：maintain指保持状态或水平：keep最普通，指使保持： preserve强调保存完好，防止损坏。 例句：It is important to maintain a healthy diet. 保持健康饮食很重要。 The scientist maintained that the theory was correct. 这位科学家坚称该理论是正确的。 二、 专项训练 1.The new policy aims to (gain)more support from the public. 2.She was deeply (attract)by the beautiful music 3.The company set a sales (target)of 5 million this year. 4.The teacher explained a different (approach)to solving math problems. 5.The sudden (attack)of the disease left him weak for weeks. 6.A (sharp)increase in temperature caused the ice to melt quickly. 7.He has shown great (strong)in the face of difficulties 8.The team finally (defeat)the champion in the final match. 9.The hurricane (destroy)many houses along the coast. 10.Dogs are (intelligent)enough to learn many commands 11.The poor family (struggle)to pay for their son's education. 12.You need to (maintain)a good relationship with your colleagues. 13.The company is struggling survive in a competitive market. 14.He approached the problem a completely new method. 15.The sharp knife cut through the skin (easy). 1.经常锻炼能帮助你获得更好的体魄。 Regular exercise can help you better health. 2这座城市的夜景吸引了大量游客。 The night view of the city a large number of tourists. 3.今年的销售目标很难实现。 It is very difficult to the sales target this year. 4.我们需要找到解决环境问题的有效方法。 We need to find an effective the environmental problem. 5.心脏病发作时，他正在办公室里工作。 When the he was working in the office. 6她敏锐的头脑使她轻松解决了这个难题。 Her helped her solve the problem easily. 7.认识到自己的优缺点很重要。 It is important to recognize your 8尽管遭受了失败，他仍然拒绝认输。 Although he he still refused to admit defeat. 9战争摧毁了无数家庭对未来的希望。 The war the hope of countless families for the future. 10.人们普遍认为海豚是非常聪明的动物。 It is widely believed that dolphins are animals 11.她努力克服困难，最终取得了成功。 She the difficulties and finally succeeded. 12.保持健康饮食对每个人都很重要。 a healthy diet is important for everyone. Last year,our school launched a campaign to help the local community.Many students volunteered to take part.The main 1. (目标)of the campaign was to2 (gain)more attention to environmental protection.We decided to 3. (approach)the problem by cleaning up the park and planting trees.During the activity,we faced many 4. (挑战).Some people5. _(攻击)us for disturbing their daily lives,but we 6 (calm and explained our purpose.Our teacher 7. (赞扬) our 8. (力量)in dealing with conflicts..She said,"A9 (锋利的)mind and a kind heart can 10. (any difficulty.In the end,we successfully 11. (摧毁)old prejudices and 12. (吸引)more volunteers to join us.The experience taught me that every small effort counts.I will continue to 13 (挣扎) for a better environment and 14. (维持)our beautiful planet. 三、参考答案 1.gain;2.attracted;3.target;4.approach;5.attack;6.sharp;7.strength;8.defeated; 9.destroyed;10.intelligent;11.struggled;12.maintain;13.to survive;14.with;15.easily 1.gain;2.attracted;3.achieve;4.approach to solving;5.heart attack occurred;6.sharp mind;7.strengths and weaknesses;8.suffered defeat;9.destroyed;10.highly intelligent; 11.struggled against;12.Maintaining 1.target;2.gain;3.approach;4.challenges;5.attacked;6.maintained;7.praised; 8.strength;9.sharp;10.defeat;11.destroyed;12.attracted;13.struggle;14.maintain