Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson1-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第一册（北师大版）

高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 Unit 2 【Unit2】Sports and Fitness Lesson 1 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 underdog/'ndadpg/n.处于劣*bench /bent/n.替补队员席 let sb down使失望，辜负（别人 势的人（队）：弱方 replacement /r'plersmant/n.替的信任或期望) defeat/dr'fit/v.(在比赛、战争换的人（物） onto/'Dntu/prep.到…上，向 中)战胜，打败 desire/dr'zaIa/n.渴望 …上 company/'kAmpani//n.公司：一 crash /kraef/vi.&t.猛撞 extra/'ekstra/adj.额外的，另外 群人 crash into猛撞，猛击 的 guy/ga/n.(非正式)男人，家伙gather/'gei/vi.&t.聚集，聚pay off取得成功：奏效 champion/t∫empian/n.冠军，合 keep up with跟上，保持同步 第一名 gather around聚集 energy/'enad3in.力量，活力 *shot/小ot/n.投球，击球 not.anymore不再… crowd /kraud/n.人群 inspiration/,msp9'Ten/n.激pack /pak/n.包，包裹；vi.&clap /klap/vi.&t.鼓掌，拍手 励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物：t.把…包起来 earn3n/t.赢得：博得 灵感 sharply/∫apli/adv.严厉地，毫 try out for sth参加…选拔 不客气地 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.company/'kAmpani/n.公司；一群人 动词形式：accompany(陪伴，伴随) 构词解析：前缀com-:表“共同、一起”；词根pan-意为“面包”，原指“共享面包的人”，后引申 为“同伴、公司”。 例句：She runs a small company that sells handcrafted jewelry.. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习)：His father works in a(company)that produces electronic devices.(答案：company) 2.inspiration/.nspa'ren/n.激励，鼓舞；灵感 动词形式：inspire(激励，启发) 形容词形式：inspiring（鼓舞人心的) 构词解析：前缀in-:表“使…”；词根spir-意为“呼吸”，inspire原指“吸入灵气”，后引申为 “激发灵感”：后缀-ation:构成名词，表“动作或过程的结果”。 1 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 The story of the underdog team was an inspiration to many young athletes. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句）：Her courage and determination inspired everyone around her. 3.replacement/r'plersmant/n.替换的人（物） 动词形式：replace(替换，代替) 构词解析：前缀re-:表“再次、重新”；词根place意为“放置”；后缀-ment:构成名词，表“动作 的结果或过程”。 例句：The coach is looking for a replacement for the injured player. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习）：We need to (replacement)the old computer with a new one..(答案：replace) 4.desire/dr'zaIe/n.渴望 动词形式：desire(渴望，愿望) 形容词形式：desirable(值得渴望的，可取的) 构词解析：前缀de-:表“加强”；词根sir-意为“渴望”；后缀-able:构成形容词，表“可…的”。 例句：His desire to win the championship pushed him to train harder. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修l同步练习）：Itis__(desire)to finish the task before the deadline. (答案：desirable) 5.sharply /'fa:pli/adv.严厉地，毫不客气地 形容词形式：shap(锋利的，严厉的) 名词形式：sharpness(锋利，尖锐) 构词解析：后缀y:加在形容词后构成副词，表“…地”：hap本身可作形容词，意为“尖锐 的”，抽象化为“严厉的”。 例句：The teacher spoke sharply to the students who were late. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句)：The knife has a sharp edge,.so be careful when using it, 6.extra/ekstra/ad.额外的，另外的 名词形式：extra(额外的事物：临时演员) 构词解析：前缀ex-:表“向外、超出”；词根tra-意为“拉”，extra原指“拉到外面的”，后引申为 “额外的”。 例句：She did extra work to earn more money for her studies. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习）：You need to pay _(extra)if you want a larger room. (答案：extra) 7.energy/'enad3i/n.力量，活力 形容词形式：energetic(精力充沛的) 构词解析：前缀n-:表“使…具有”；词根erg-意为“工作”，energy原指“内在的工作能力”； 后缀-etic:构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 例句：Regular exercise can help you maintain high energy levels, 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习）：The__(energy)children played games in the park all 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 afternoon.（答案：energetic) 8.earn/3n/t.赢得：博得 名词形式：earning(收入，所得) 形容词形式：earned(挣得的，应得的) 构词解析：词根eam意为“获得”；后缀-ing构成名词表“行为的结果”，-ed构成形容词表“已完 成的”。 例句：He worked hard to earn the respect of his teammates.. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句）：She earns her living by teaching English in a language school. 9.defeat/d'fit/v.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败 名词形式：defeat(失败，战胜) 构词解析：前缀de-:表“向下、否定”；词根fet意为“做、完成”，defeat原指“使无法完成”，即 “打败”。 例句：The underdog team refused to accept defeat and fought until the end 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习）：Our team(defeat)the strongest opponent in the final natch.(答案：defeated) 10.champion/'t∫empian/n.冠军，第一名 动词形式：champion（支持，捍卫) 形容词形式：championship(冠军称号，锦标赛) 构词解析：词根champ-意为“战场”，原指“战场上的胜利者”；后缀-ship:构成名词，表“身份、 职位”。 例句：After years of hard training,she finally became a champion. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句）：He has won three consecutive championships in the national competition 11.gather/'geǒ/vi.&t.聚集，聚合 名词形式：gathering（聚会，集会) 构词解析：前缀gath-(=gether):表“一起”；后缀-ing:构成名词，表“动作或过程”。 例句：A crowd gathered around the street performer to watch his show. 真题链接（北，师大版高中必修1同步练习）：We are having a family_(gather)at my grandparents” house this weekend.(答案：gathering) 12.pack /paek/n.包，包裹：vi.&t.把…包起来 名词形式：package(包裹，包装) 形容词形式：packed(拥挤的，塞满的) 构词解析：词根pack意为“捆扎”；后缀age:构成名词，表“物”；-ed构成形容词，表“被… 的”。 例句：She packed her suitcase carefully before the trip. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句）：The train was packed with passengers during the holiday. 3 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 13.clap /klaep/vi.&t.鼓掌，拍手 名词形式：cla即（拍手声，鼓掌） 现在分词：clapping(鼓掌，拍手) 构词解析：词根cla即意为“拍击”；ing形式可作名词或现在分词。 例句：The audience began to clap loudly when the singer finished the song. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习)：We could hear the sound of(clap)from the concert hall.(答案：clapping) 14.underdog/ndadpg/n.处于劣势的人（队）；弱方 构词解析：前缀under-.:表“在…之下，低于”；dog原指“比赛中不被看好的狗”，后引申为“处 于劣势的一方”。 Everyone loves a story about an underdog who finally succeeds against all odds 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句）：The underdog team surprised everyone by winning the game. 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The team showed great (渴望)to win the final match, 2.After the performance,the audience burst into()warmly 3.We need to find a_(替换者)for the retired manager as soon as possible 4.Her speech was so (鼓舞人心的)that everyone stood up and cheered. 5.The (冠军)received a gold medal and a cash prize. 6.A family (will be held at our house this Spring Festival. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The company plans to(replacement)all outdated equipment next year. 2.It is highly (desire)to keep quiet in the library. 3.The coach spoke (sharp)to the players who failed to follow the strategy. 4.She was_ (energy)enough to dance for three hours without resting. 5.The hotel is fully(pack)during the summer vacation 6.His (defeat)in the election taught him to be more humble. 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.他的勇气激励我们所有人努力工作。 His courage all of us work hard. 2.我们需要额外支付50元来升级座位。 We need to pay 50 yuan to upgrade our seats. 3.村民们聚集在广场上庆祝丰收。 Villagers in the square to celebrate the harvest. 4.她渴望成为一名像她父亲一样的科学家。 She has a strong become a scientist like her father 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Last month,our school basketball team faced the strongest opponent in the regional final.As the (underdog),we were not expected to win.However,our desire to succeed pushed us to train (sharp)every day.The coach inspired us with stories of past champions and reminded us that teamwork was the key to victory. On the day of the match,the gym was(pack)with students and teachers.When we scored the winning goal in the last minute,the crowd erupted in(clap).Our captain,who had led the team through tough times,was carried on our shoulders.This experience taught us that no dream is too big if you have the(determine)to chase it.We now (champion)the spirit of never giving up in everything we do. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.desire 2.clapping 3.replacement 4.inspiring 5.champion 6.gathering Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.replace 2.desirable 3.sharply 4.energetic 5.packed 6.defeat L.完成句子 1.inspired;to 2.extra 3.gathered together 4.desire to 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 V语篇填空 1.underdog 2.sharply 3.packed 4.clapping 5.determination 6.champion 6