课时精练(5) Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit&Reading-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版）

课时精练(五)　 Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 1．The force of gravity(重力) makes things fall to earth. 2．The competition has been thrown wide open by the absence(缺席) of the world champion. 3．I'm not bothered(担心) about the cost—you're the one who's making an issue of it. 4．A copy of the report is available for you to peruse at your leisure(闲暇). 5．We need to find more creative ways to discipline(严格要求) our students and to maintain control in the classroom. 6．She did none of the maintenance(保养) of the vehicle. 7．For each side of the subject，think carefully and evaluate(评估) it. 8．He was not clear on the precise nature of his mission(使命). 9．He said he had not discussed the matter with her.Furthermore，he had not even contacted her. 10．She never discovered the true circumstances of her birth. 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．Construction engineering quality is vital for/to construction companies. 2．The latest winter fashions are now on view in the big shops. 3．I have been so occupied(occupy) with the mission that I don't have time for social activities. 4．We set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from being hunted(hunt). 5．What annoyed me was that he was always absent(absence) from my class. 6．Strong as you may be，you cannot carry the heavy box by yourself. 7．It is visible that taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit. 8．In view of the weather，a minority of my classmates decided to cancel the barbecue. 9．It is a pity that you (should) miss(miss) such a good chance to make your way to the ArctiC． 10．That is why the cultural industry in China is needed. 维度三　完成句子 1．鉴于目前这种情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。 In view of the present situation，we'll have to revise our original plan. 2．尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。 Hard as he works，he makes little progress. 3．他频繁的缺课使我们进一步了解他的家庭状况。 His frequent absence from class cast new light on his family circumstances. 4．我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。 We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible． 维度四　课文语法填空 　　Due to the near 1.absence(absent) of gravity，we have to attach ourselves.We usually sleep in private quarters，or in sleeping bags，2.attached(attach) to the walls or the ceiling.The routine tasks are demanding but extremely 3.rewarding(reward).We conduct scientific research.The experiment I have been working on is to locate and track lightning over large regions of the Earth.Hopefully，4.it will cast new light on the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning 5.protection(protect).It's time 6.for a spacewalk to test new equipment，monitor scientific experiments or repair the space station，which is the most 7.challenging(challenge) work.The spacesuits allow us to breathe and protect us from 8.exposure(expose) to the cold and radiation.Eating is different.We must eat dried or freeze-dried food.Salt and pepper are only in liquid form to avoid floating away and blocking the air pipes.We must ensure a 9.balanced(balance) supply of nutrients by taking pills.To keep healthy，we discipline to do at least two hours of exercise every day，using specially designed equipment.Sit back with 10.the rest of the crew，and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures for our family and friends. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe.If you're hoping for a holiday gift for your kids，you're in the right place. Margaret and the Moon Age range：4－8 In Margaret and the Moon，Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer's life，from the backyard of her childhood home，where she put forward a million questions about the night sky，to the hallways of NASA，where she led a team from MIT to develop the on-board flight software that would land the first men on the moon. I Am Neil Armstrong Age range：All ages In I Am Neil Armstrong，the bestselling author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon.Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up.He continued this spirit throughout his career(职业). Look Inside Space Age range：3 and up For parents of young kids，Usborne's prizewinning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and wild technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids.It explores the history of human spaceflight and the basics of stars and planets.It's enjoyable to all space fans，and is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids. Max Goes to the Space Station Age range：All ages Jeffrey Bennett's tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn't only an accurate look at what life in space is like.The book was actually sent into space and joined the station's library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project.It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍。 1．What's the text mainly intended to introduce? A．How to find holiday gifts for your kids. B．Some kids' space books for the holidays. C．How to inspire kids' interest in the universe. D．Some books about the theories of the universe. B　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段可推知，本文主要是介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍，故B项正确。] 2．Which book can inspire a sense of determination in readers? A．Max Goes to the Space Station. B．Margaret and the Moon. C．I Am Neil Armstrong. D．Look Inside Space. C　[细节理解题。根据文中I Am Neil Armstrong部分的“Meltzer begins the story with young...continued this spirit throughout his career(职业).”可知，I Am Neil Armstrong这本书展示了主人翁的坚定意志，故C项正确。] 3．In which aspect is Max Goes to the Space Station different from the other three books? A．It has experienced space travel. B．It is suitable for kids of all ages. C．It is a biography of an astronaut. D．It has won a prize as a bestseller. A　[细节理解题。根据文中Max Goes to the Space Station部分的“The book was actually sent into... of the Story Time from Space project.”可知，这本书的与众不同之处在于，它经历过太空飞行，故A项正确。] B Photographic self-portraits have existed for as long as cameras have been in human hands.But what about selfies in space? On Twitter last year，NASA astronaut Edwin Aldrin，who famously became the second man to walk on the moon in July 1969，laid claim to a spaceflight first：taking the first selfie in space during the Gemini Ⅻ mission in 1966. “For me，it needs to be digital to be selfie，” argues Jennifer Levasseur，a director at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.According to Levasseur，the concept of a selfie is directly linked to Internet culture.“The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it，” she says. Still，astronauts have been carrying cameras aboard space vehicles since the 1960s.In 1966，Aldrin used a Hasselblad camera designed specifically for space.Hasselblad also painted the first camera in space a matte(磨砂) black to reduce reflections in the orbiter window.But cameras used in space need to survive extreme conditions，like temperature swings from －149 to 248，so Hasselblad painted later model silver. Astronauts visiting the moon then had to take out the film and leave their camera bodies behind when they returned to Earth，because early space missions were limited by a weight limit on the returned trip.Then a big change in space camera technology came after the space shuttle Columbia broke apart on its return to Earth in 2003，Levasseur notes.“Fear that they'd never be able to bring film back from space and lose all that hard work accelerated the push for digital，” she says. Today，astronauts also have access to the Internet and social platforms in space and can post true space selfies made using digital cameras.Similarly，space robots are participating in selfie culture，capturing remote pictures of themselves in space or on other planets and sending them back to Earth. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空自拍的历史。 4．Why do selfies in space need to be digital according to Jennifer Levasseur? A．Astronauts are fond of studying technology. B．Astronauts are eager to be famous on the Internet. C．Astronauts desire to communicate on social platforms. D．Astronauts want to overcome the fear in space. C　[推理判断题。根据第二段“For me，it needs...‘The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it，’ she says.”可推断出，Jennifer Levasseur认为太空自拍之所以需要数字化是因为宇航员想与人类的社交平台交流与互动。故选C。] 5．Why can the Hasselblad camera adjust to the temperature changes in space? A．It is painted silver. B．Its matte black gathers light. C．Its design is special. D．It can reduce reflection itself. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But cameras used in space need to survive extreme conditions...Hasselblad painted later model silver.”可推断出，Hasselblad摄像机能适应太空气温的变化是因为它被漆成了银色。故选A。] 6．What contributed to the faster development of camera technology in space? A．The heavy space tasks. B．A returned space shuttle. C．A spaceflight crash. D．The improved film. C　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，是一次太空飞行事故促成了太空摄像技术的快速发展。故选C。] 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Origin of Selfies in Space B．The Brief History of Selfies in Space C．The Significance of Selfies in Space D．The Popularity of Selfies in Space B　[标题归纳题。本文第一段最后一句引出太空自拍的话题后，下文介绍了自拍的起源，以及如今太空自拍的现状。由此可推断出，本文简单介绍了太空自拍的历史。所以最适合这篇文章的题目是“太空自拍的简史”。故选B。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　When thinking about placing a human being in space，one of the most important questions is how to design special clothing needed to protect the person from the dangers of the space environment. 1 The fierce heat of the sun can cause severe burns.The lack of the atmosphere can cause gases in the body to expand and even burst.With no oxygen to breathe，a human being will die in only a few moments. 2 So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids (流星体). 　　In 1933，an American flyer，Wiley Post，designed one of the first successful devices to protect a pilot at extreme heights. 3 Astronauts in the American space agency flew the first American space flights in the early 1960s.The clothing was similar to that invented by Wiley Post. 　　 4 It lets them move，do useful tasks，and stay outside their spacecraft in comfort and safety for several hours.The spacesuit is called the shuttle extravehicular mobility unit or EMU.It was designed to endure longer and to permit more movement than earlier spacesuits. 　　The EMU has a number of parts that an astronaut can link together by using only one hand，which makes it possible for each astronaut to select the parts that fit correctly. 　　Nowadays，NASA scientists are also considering the kind of spacesuit that would be needed for exploration on the planet Mars. 5 The equipment may also have to protect astronauts from particles carried in the wind on Mars.And，they must be easy to repair and keep clean during a longer flight to and from the red planet. A．Radiation from the sun is another risk in space. B．The cold of space will freeze skin in a short time. C．Today，astronauts wear very different protective clothing. D．Special spacesuits have been used for exploration of Mars. E．EMU has many parts that can be linked together by using two hands. F．It was a large device that looked like a can surrounded the pilot's head. G．Because of the gravity on Mars，spacesuits may have to be designed to be lighter than suits used in orbit or on the moon. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当考虑把一个人放到太空时，最重要的问题之一是如何设计特殊的服装来保护这个人免受太空环境的危害。 1．B　[第一段主要讲述了太空环境的危险因素，如空后讲的酷热、缺氧等。根据段意，B项符合语境，寒冷会在短时间内冻住皮肤，这是太空环境的一项危险因素。] 2．A　[该空仍旧是列举太空环境的危险因素，根据空后“So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids(流星体).”可知A项符合语境。] 3．F　[根据上一句的信息词devices，并结合F项中的代词It和device等信息，可以判断F项符合语境。] 4．C　[该空是该段的主题句。根据空后可知，该段介绍的是有关太空防护服的事情。因此C项符合语境。] 5．G　[根据该空前一句的信息词“the kind of spacesuit”以及后一句的意思可知，此空也应该表示一项防护措施，因此G项符合语境。] Ⅲ.完形填空 Wanda Smith always wanted to be a school teacher but sometimes meeting life's demanding realities can mean a dream delayed.A mother of three，Smith also needed to 1 her mom.Obviously，shouldering her family 2 ，she took a job as bus monitor for a school in Texas. The hours were 3 ，but rather than let her dream die.At age 37，with the support and 4 of her husband，she added night classes to her 5 ．Nine years on，she finally graduated with a bachelor's degree from Sam Houston State University and became a 6 teacher. During the pandemic，as some of her students 7 to meet the demands of distance learning，Smith stepped up to the 8 ．Noting that many of the kids she taught came from single-parent families，she began 9 packets of schoolwork to them.It's no 10 Smith's kids adore her.In a special surprise 11 ，they shouted their praise and held up big colorful signs 12 their appreciation. The passion was responded by Brenham's mayor，Milton Tate Jr，who using one of Smith's own signature lines— 13 declared May 4，2021 as “Be the Best You Can Be！”Wanda Smith Day. Smith's life is an example as well as an 14 ．By always striving to be the best she could be，with heart and devotion，she graduated from cleaning classrooms to 15 classrooms—and that certainly puts her on our honor roll. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了史密斯作为三个孩子的妈妈，一边工作，一边上夜校。在37岁时，她实现自己的梦想当了老师，并且在疫情期间帮助家庭困难的孩子。她激励了很多人，并受到了布伦汉姆的市长Milton Tate Jr的赞扬，把2021年5月4日定为Wanda Smith Day。 1．A.take over B．look after C．turn to D．give up B　[根据空格后“her mom”可知，此处指还要照顾自己的妈妈。故选B。] 2．A.responsibilities B．conditions C．circumstances D．requirements A　[根据上文可知，她不但是三个孩子的妈妈，还要照顾自己的妈妈，所以要肩负起自己的责任。故选A。] 3．A.flexible B．free C．merry D．hard D　[根据后半句but可知，前后两句形成转折关系，所以应填艰难类的词，与后半句形成对比。故选D。] 4．A.assessment B．commitment C．encouragement D．adjustment C　[根据空格前“with the support and”可知，空格处应填support的近义词。故选C。] 5．A.policy B．schedule C．payment D．experience B　[根据句意可知，她上了夜校，所以是在日程表上加了夜校的学习计划。故选B。] 6．A.disciplined B．guaranteed C．confirmed D．qualified D　[根据上文“she added night classes to her ”可知，她上了夜校，花了九年时间成为了一名合格的老师。故选D。] 7．A.struggled B．wandered C．complained D．continued A　[根据上下文可知，一些学生很难满足远程学习的需求，所以用struggle to do sth.。故选A。] 8．A.business B．argument C．challenge D．chances C　[根据上半句一些学生很难满足远程学习的要求可知，这是一个学习上的挑战，所以史密斯挺身而出。故选C。] 9．A.performing B．practising C．folding D．delivering D　[根据空格后“packets of schoolwork to them”可知，史密斯是给单亲家庭的孩子送作业。故选D。] 10．A.fact B．wonder C．regret D．reality B　[根据上下文可知，史密斯为孩子们做了很多事情，孩子们喜爱她一点也不奇怪。故选B。] 11．A.operation B．experiment C．ceremony D．holiday C　[根据空格前“In a special surprise”可知，这是一个孩子们所准备的特殊的惊喜仪式。故选C。] 12．A.declaring B．doubting C．realizing D．expecting A　[根据上半句“they shouted their praise”可知，孩子们表达他们的感激。故选A。] 13．A.traditionally B．officially C．privately D．specially B　[根据文中可知，这是布伦汉姆的市长Milton Tate Jr对这种热情做出的回应，所以是官方宣布2021年5月4日为Wanda Smith Day。故选B。] 14．A.entertainment B．opportunity C．adventure D．inspiration D　[ 根据下文“By always striving to... puts her on our honor roll.”可知，史密斯的经历不仅是一个榜样，还是一个激励。故选D。] 15．A.leading B．introducing C．serving D．forming A　[根据上文可知，史密斯成为了一名合格的老师，所以是领导教室的人。故选A。] 学生用书第41页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $