Unit 5 Natural Disasters - Reading Actively-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第二册（重庆大学版）

高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 词汇精讲 【Unit5】Natural Disasters Reading Acively 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 disaster/d山'za:star)/n.灾难：灾rescue/'reskju:/v.n.营救：救援： 害怕的 害：不幸 解救 frightening/'frartnu/adj.令人 natural/naetfral/adj.自然的：天relief /ri'lifn.宽慰；轻松；解恐惧的：吓人的 然的：天生的 脱：救济 panic/'paenik/v.惊慌；恐慌n. disastrous/d'za:stra3sadj.灾难flood /flad/n.洪水；水灾V淹惊慌：恐慌 性的；极糟糕的 没：泛滥 warn /w3V.警告：告诫：提 destroy/d'stro1/V.摧毁；毁灭；hurricane/'harikan/n.飓风：风醒 破坏 暴 warning/wo)/n.警告；告诫： destruction/d'strakfn/n.摧毁：earthquake/'3:kweik/n.地震 警示 毁灭；破坏 tornado /to:'neidau/n.龙卷风：prepare /pri'peo(r)/V.准备；预 damage/'daemId3/v.m.损害：损旋风 备：使有准备 坏：损失 tsunami/ts:'nami/n.海啸 preparation /.prepa'reIfn/n. ruin/u:m/v.毁灭：使破产；糟volcano /vDl'kena/n.火山 备：预备：准备工作 蹋n.毁灭；废墟；破产 erupt /I'rApt//V.爆发；喷发；突emergency /I'm3:d3ansi/n.紧急 survive/s3'varv/v.幸存；生存；然发生 情况：突发事件adj.紧急的；应 活下来 eruption /r'tpn/n.爆发：喷发；急的 survivor/sa'vaIva()/n.幸存者：突然发生 first aid急救 生还者 frighten/'frartn/v.使惊吓：使惊calm /ka:m/adj.平静的：冷静的 survival./sa'vaIv/n.生存；存活：恐；吓唬 V.使平静：使镇静 幸存 frightened/'frartnd/adj.受惊的；calm down平静下来：镇定下来 词义辨析及同义替换 1.destroy/d'stro/v.摧毁：毁灭；破坏 词义辨析： destroy:强调彻底破坏，无法修复，程度较重，常指事物的功能、结构被完全毁坏。 damage:侧重部分损坏，可修复，既可作动词也可作名词，常指对物体外观或功能造成的损害。 ui:指逐渐破坏或因外部因素导致某物失去价值、用途，也可指“使破产”，作名词时表示“废 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 墟”。 同义替换： ruin,damage 例句： The earthquake destroyed almost all the buildings in the town. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） The big fire the old temple completely.Now nothing is left. A.damaged B.destroyed C.ruined(答案：B) 2.survive/s3'vaIv/V.幸存：生存；活下来 词义辨析： survive: 强调在灾难、困难中“幸存”，是动词，主语通常是人或生物。 survivor: 是名词，指“幸存者：生还者”，强调身份。 survival: 是名词，指“生存：幸存”的状态或过程。 同义替换： live through,make it 例句： Only a few people survived the air crash. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） After the flood,many were sent to the temporary shelters. A.survivors B.survival C.survive(答案：A) 3.1ood/flad/n.洪水：水灾v.淹没：泛滥 词义辨析： lo0d:指大量水流淹没土地，是具体的自然灾害名称，也可作动词表示“淹没”。 hurricane:指发生在大西洋或加勒比海的强热带气旋，伴有强风、暴雨。 earthquake:指地球表面因地壳运动引起的震动，会造成地面开裂、建筑物倒塌等。 同义替换： inundate(v.淹没)，deluge(n.洪水) 例句： The heavy rain caused a flood in the village. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册期末复习题） A terrible hit the coastal city last night,with winds up to 120 km/h. A.flood B.hurricane C.earthquake(答案：B) 4.frighter/'fratn/v.使惊吓；使惊恐：吓唬 词义辨析： frighten::是动词，意为“使惊吓”，强调动作，主语可以是人或事物。 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters frightened:是形容词，意为“受惊的：害怕的”，修饰人，表示人的感受。 frightening:是形容词，意为“令人恐惧的：吓人的”，修饰事物，表示事物的性质。 同义替换： scare,terrify 例句： The loud noise frightened the little girl 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） The movie made her cry. A.frightened B.frightening C.frighten (答案：B) 5. warn /wo:n/V.警告；告诚：提醒 词义辨析： wam:是动词，侧重通过语言或行动提醒他人注意危险或错误，常用搭配warn sb.not)to do sth 或warn sb.of/about sth.。 warning:是名词，指“警告；告诚：警示”，是wam的名词形式。 同义替换： caution,alert 例句： The teacher warned us not to swim in the river. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） The sign on the wall is a for people to keep quiet. A.wain B.warning C.warming (答案：B) 6.prepare /pri'pea)/v.准备；预备；使有准备 词义辨析： prepare:是动词，强调“准备”的动作，常用搭配prepare for sth.或prepare to do sth.。 preparation:是名词，指“准备；预备；准备工作”，常用搭配make preparations for。 同义替换： get ready,arrange 例句： We need to prepare for the coming exam 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习) They are making_ for the school sports meeting. A.prepare B.preparations C.prepared (答案：B) 7.calm /ka:m/adj.平静的；冷静的v.使平静：使镇静 词义辨析： ca:作形容词时，指人“冷静的”或环境“平静的”：作动词时，意为“使平静：使镇静”，常 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 用搭配calm down。 calm down:是动词短语，意为“平静下来：镇定下来”，可用于祈使句或描述动作。 同义替换： composed (adj.),soothe (v.) 例句： He tried to calm himself down before the interview. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册期末复习题） When you feel nervous,you should take a deep breath to A.calm down B.wake up C.give up (答案：A) 8.disaster/d'za:sta)/n.灾难；灾害；不幸 词义辨析： disaster:泛指各种“灾难；灾害”，包括自然灾难和人为灾难，如地震、战争等。 natural:是形容词，意为“自然的；天然的”，常修饰disaster构成natural disaster（自然灾害)。 disastrous::是形容词，意为“灾难性的：极糟糕的”，强调灾难造成的严重后果。 同义替换： catastrophe,calamity 例句： The earthquake was a terrible disaster for the country. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） The earthquake caused thousands of deaths. A.natural B.disastrous C.disaster (答案：B) 9.rescue/'reskju:/v.h.营救：救援：解救 词义辨析： rescue:既可作动词也可作名词，强调“从危险中救出”，对象可以是人或物，常用搭配rescue sb.from sth.。 relief:是名词，意为“宽慰；轻松；解脱：救济”，强调灾难后的安慰或救济物资。 同义替换： save,come to the rescue 例句： The firefighters rescued three children from the burning building. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） After the flood,the government sent supplies to the affected areas. A.rescue B.relief C.safety(答案：B) l0.paic/'penk/v.惊慌；恐慌n.惊慌；恐慌 词义辨析： panic:作动词时，意为“惊慌：恐慌”，常用搭配panic(about sth.):作名词时，指“惊慌：恐慌” 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 的情绪，常用搭配in panic。 frighten::是动词，意为“使惊吓”，侧重外部因素使人害怕，而panic强调自身的恐慌反应。 同义替换： be in a panic,get into a panic 例句： Don't panic!The fire is under control 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） When the fire broke out,people and ran in all directions. A.panicked B.frightened C.relaxed(答案：A) ll.damage/'daemid3/v.n.损害；损坏；损失 词义辨析： damage:作动词时，指“损害：损坏”，程度轻于destroy,可修复作名词时，指“损害；损失”， 常用搭配do damage to。 u:作动词时，指“毁灭：使破产”，程度较重，可用于抽象事物（如希望、名誉）：作名词时， 指“废墟：破产”。 同义替换： harm,impair 例句： The storm damaged many houses in the village. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册期末复习题） The fire the library,and many valuable books were lost. A.damaged B.uined C.destroyed(答案：B) l2.emergency /i'm3:d3ansi/n.紧急情况；突发事件adj.紧急的；应急的 词义辨析： emergency:作名词时，指“紧急情况；突发事件”，常用搭配in an emergency;作形容词时，意 为“紧急的：应急的”，修饰事物。 first aid:是名词短语，意为“急救”，指对突发伤病进行的初步救助。 同义替换： crisis,urgent situation 例句： We should keep a first aid kit at home in case of emergency 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） If you have a medical,call 120 immediately. A.emergency B.first aid C.danger(答案：A) 13.erupt/'rApt/v.爆发；喷发；突然发生 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 词义辨析： upt:指火山“喷发”，也可指冲突、暴力等“突然爆发”，是不及物动词。 eruption:是名词 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The strong earthquake hundreds of houses in the village,leaving nothing but ruins. A.damaged B.destroyed C.ruined 2.After the heavy rain,many people were trapped in the flood,but the rescue team 50 people safely. A.survived B.rescued C.warned 3.The storm caused a lot ofto the crops,but farmers said they could still recover. A.disastrous;damage B.natural;destroy C.frightening;ruin 4.When you face an remember to and call for help immediately. A.emergency,calm down B.earthquake;panic C.flood;prepare 5.The sign by the river us not to swim there,but some children ignored it. A.warned B.frightened C.prepared 6.Only a few were found after the plane crash,and their surprised everyone. A.survivors;survival B.survival;survive C.survive;survivors 7.The volcano suddenly last night,and the covered the nearby villages with ash. 6 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】Unit5 Natural Disasters A.erupted;eruption B.eruption;erupted C.ruin;destroyed 8.Don't!The firemen have arrived and will us from the burning building. A.panic;rescue B.calm;damage C.frighten;survive 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The heavy rain led to a f in the town,and many roads were under water. 2.The doctor gave first aid to the injured man to save his life in the e 3.We should make pfor the coming exam,such as reviewing notes and doing exercises. 4.The little girl was f by the loud thunder and hid under the bed. 5.After the disaster,the government provided r supplies like food and water to the victims. 6.The old temple was r by the fire,and now only walls remain. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (frighten)news made everyone feel nervous. 2.He tried his best to (calm)the crying baby by singing a song. 3.We need to take action to prevent(disaster)like floods and earthquakes 4.The (survive)told the reporter about their experience in the desert. 5.She spent three days(prepare)for the interview,but still felt nervous. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这场洪水摧毁了村庄，许多人无家可归。 The flood the village,and many people became homeless 2.听到警报后，大家保持冷静并有序撤离。 After hearing the alarm,everyone and evacuated in order. 3.老师警告我们不要在考试中作弊。 The teacher us cheat in the exam. 7 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】Unit5 Natural Disasters 4.为了生存，他们不得不喝雨水并寻找食物。 They had to drink rainwater and look for food to 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A terrible earthquakehit the city last week.It(1) (destroy/ruin)many buildings,and thousands of people lost their homes.Rescue teams arrived quickly to(2)(save/rescue)people from the fallen buildings.Some (3)(survivors/survival)were trapped for hours but stayed calm.After the earthquake,the government sent(4)(relief/rescue)supplies and set up temporary shelters. Doctors provided(5)(first aid/emergency)to the injured.Although the disaster was(6) (frightening/frightened),people worked together to rebuild their homes. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.B2B 3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.flood 2.emergency 3.preparations 4.frightened 5.relief 6.ruined I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.frightening 2.calm 3.disasters 4.survivors 5.preparing V.完成句子 1.destroyed 2.stayed calm 3.warned;not to 4.survive V.语篇填空 1.destroyed 2.rescue 3.survivors 4.relief 5.first aid 6.frightening P