Unit 4 Invention and Civilisation - Reading Actively-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（重庆大学版）

选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 精讲专版 【Unit4】Invention and Civilisation- Reading acively 词义辨析及综合训练 本单元核心词汇 一、 全部单元单词 phenomenon /fa'npmmnan/n.permanent /'p3:manant/adj.k inexpensive /mik'spensiv/adj. 象：非凡的人或事物 久的：永恒的 便宜的：不贵的 remote'mat/adj.遥远的：偏 practical/'praektikl/adj.实际的；widespread/'waIdspred/adj.分 远的：疏远的 实用的：务实的 布广的：普遍的 succeeding/sk'si:d/adj.随后eventually'vent fuali/adv.最launch /lo:nt/v.n.发射：发起； 的：接连的 终：终于 推出；发射 attempt/a'tempt/v./h.试图：尝 convenient /kan'vi:niant/adj.impact/'Impaekt/n.;/Im'paekt/v. 试：努力 便的：便利的 影响：冲击力：撞击：产生影响 词义辨析及同义替换 1.attempt/a'tempt/v.m.试图；尝试：努力 词义辨析： attempt:侧重指付出努力去做某事，但不一定成功，既可作动词也可作名词，语气比ty更正式。 y:含义更广泛，指为达成目的而付出努力，口语中更常用，侧重过程。 同义替换： try,endeavour 例句： Scientists attempted to find a solution to the environmental problem 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习) The team will to climb the mountain even if it rains tomorrow. A.refuse B.attempt C.afford(答案：B) 2.permanent/p3 manant/adj.永久的；永恒的 词义辨析： 选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 permanent: 强调’长期不变的、永久性的'，反义词是temporary(暂时的)。 lasting:侧重'持续时间长的”，可指具体事物或抽象概念（如影响、友谊）。 同义替换： perpetual,lasting 例句： This agreement will have a permanent effect on bilateral trade. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册单元检测) After years of hard work,she finally got a job in the company. A.temporary B.permanent C.casual (答案：B) 3.practical/'praektikl/adj.实际的：实用的；务实的 词义辨析： practical:指'切实可行的、注重实际的”，强调解决问题的实用性。 pragmatic:更侧重”务实的、讲究实效的”，多用于形容人或政策的处事态度。 同义替换： useful,functional 例句： This new invention has many practical applications in daily life. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） We need a solution to reduce energy consumption,not just theory. A.practical B.creative C.abstract(答案：A) 4.eventually'vent fuali/adv.最终；终于 词义辨析： eventually:强调经过较长时间或一系列过程后”最终”发生，语气中性。 finally:侧重”在一系列动作或等待后最后发生”，常带有主观期待的情感。 同义替换： finally,ultimately 例句： After several failures,he eventually succeeded in developing the new technology. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册期中测试） Although the project was difficult,we completed it ahead of schedule A.suddenly B.eventually C.immediately (答案：B) 5.convenient/kan'vi:niant/adj.方便的；便利的 词义辨析： convenient:指'符合个人需求、省力省事的”，常用搭配it is convenient for sb.to do sth.。 handy:侧重”随手可用的、便于操作的”，形容工具或物品使用方便。 选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 同义替换： handy,easy 例句： Online shopping is convenient for people who are busy with work. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） It is to take the subway to the city center during rush hour A.convenient B.difficult C.expensive(答案：A) 6.widespread/wardspred adj..分布广的：普遍的 词义辨析： widespread:指”范围广的、普及的”，强调覆盖面积或影响范围大。 prevalent:侧重'流行的、普遍存在的”，尤指某种现象或疾病的广泛传播。 同义替换： prevalent,universal 例句： The use of smartphones has become widespread in modern society. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册单元检测） This new disease has caused concern among people all over the world. A.limited B.widespread C.slight (答案：B) 7.launch /lo:ntf/v.m.发射：发起：推出 词义辨析： lach:作动词时，可指”发射（火箭、卫星）”发起（活动）推出（产品)”，名词形式与 动词含义一致。 stat:泛指”开始”，可用于任何活动或过程的启动，使用范围更广。 同义替换： start,initiate 例句： The company plans to launch a new smartphone model next month 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） China successfully its new satellite into space last week. A.launched B.stopped C.controlled(答案：A) 8.mpact/mpaekt/n.;/m'pekt/v.影响：冲击力；撞击；产生影响 词义辨析： impact(n.):指”（重大）影响、冲击力”，常与介词on搭配。 influence(n.w.):侧重'潜移默化的影响'，可指对人的思想或行为的影响。 同义替换： influence,effect 选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 例句： The new policy will have a positive impact on the local economy. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册期中测试） Technology has a great on our daily life,changing the way we work and communicate. A.impact B.problem C.secret (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.After months of research,the team will to develop a new type of energy-saving material. A.refuse B.attempt C.afford 2.Unlike temporary jobs,a position offers long-term job security and stable income. A.permanent B.casual C.temporary 3.Instead of theoretical discussions,we need away to solve the problem ofwater waste in daily life. A.creative B.abstract C.practical 4.Despite facing many challenges during the project,they finished all tasks on time. A.suddenly B.eventually C.immediately 5.Online payment is for people who hate carrying cash when shopping A.convenient B.difficult C.expensive 6.The new policy has caused discussion among citizens,with both supporters and opponents sharing their views. A.limited 选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 B.widespread C.slight 7.The company plans to a new series of electric cars next year to meet the increasing demand for green vehicles. A.launch B.stop C.control 8.Climate change has a huge on global agriculture,affecting crop yields and food security. A.problem B.impact C.secret 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The museum's_ (永久的)collection includes over 10,000 ancient artifacts.. 2.It's more to take a taxi to the airport than to wait for the bus during rush hour 3.After years of efforts,his research finally had a(influence on the scientific com- munity. 4.The government decided to (a campaign to raise public awareness about environmen- tal protection. 5.The invention has many (实用的uses,such as helping disabled people move more easily. 6.After trying various methods,she (最终)found the key to solving the puzzle. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The scientists made several (attempt)to find a cure for the disease,but none were successful at first 2.Thisnew technology has (permanent)changed the way people communicate with each other. 3.It's important to choose a (practice)solution that can be applied in real life 4.After hours of waiting,the bus (eventual)arrived,and we hurried to get on it. 5.The company's new product has had a positive (impact)on its sales performance this year 四、完成句子（每空一词） 选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 1.尽管天气恶劣，登山队仍然尝试登顶。 Despite the bad weather,the mountaineering team still reach the top. 2.这项新技术的应用将对医疗行业产生永久影响。 The application of this new technology will have a on the medical industry. 3.经过多次失败后，他最终成功研发出了新型材料。 After several failures,he developing the new material. 4.对于忙碌的上班族来说，在线购物既省时又方便。 Online shopping is both time-saving and busy office workers. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In modern society,technology has (widespread/widely)changed people's lives.Many com- panies (attempt/try)to launch new products to meet consumer needs.For example,a new app was created to provide (convenient/convenience)services like online payment and food de- livery.Its (practical/practically)functions quickly made it popular,and its use became (widespread/prevalent)among young people.Although some people worried about its influence on traditional businesses,it eventually brought more efficiency to daily life 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6B7.A8.B IⅡ根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.permanent 2.convenient 3.widespread 4.launch 5.practical 6.eventually I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.attempts 2.permanently 3.practical 4.eventually 5.impact V.完成句子 1.attempted to 2.permanent impact 3.eventually succeeded in 4.convenient for V.语篇填空 1.widely 2.attempt 3.convenient 4.practical 5.widespread 6