Unit 2 Helpful Schoolmates-Reading Actively-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第二册（重庆大学版）

高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换 同步精讲 (Unit 2)Helpful Schoolmates Reading Acively 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 schoolmate/'sku:lmeit/n.同学；desk/desk/n.书桌：办公桌；服accept/ak'sept/v.接受：认可：同 校友 务台 意 apologise /a'pplad3aIzv.道歉；break /breik/v.打破：违反；弄faultf:lt/n.错误：缺点：故障 认错：谢罪 坏：打碎n.休息；破裂：间断V.挑剔：指责 explain/k'splem/v.解释；说明：ule /ru:1/n.规则：规章；统治v.blame /blemm/v.责备：指责：归 阐明 统治；支配：裁决 咎于n.责备；责任；过失 struggle/'strAgl/v.h.奋斗：努offer/'ofa()/v.提供：给予；提understand/,nda'staend/v.理 力：挣扎；斗争 议；出价n.提议：出价：意图解；明白：懂得：获悉 tap /tap/V.轻敲；轻拍；利用n.refuse'fju:zV.拒绝：回绝：不misunderstand/,mIsanda'staend/ 轻敲：水龙头；窃听 愿 V.误解：误会：曲解 词义辨析及同义替换 1.apologise /a'pplad3azv.道歉；认错：谢罪 词义辨析： apologise:英式拼写，后常接介词to(表对象)或for(表原因)，如apologise to sb for sth。 apologize:美式拼写，含义和用法与apologise完全一致。 同义替换： say sorry,make an apology 例句： You should apologise to your sister for breaking her toy. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） He felt sorry and came to to us for his mistake. A.explain B.apologise C.blame(答案：B) 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换 2.refuse'fju:zv.拒绝：回绝：不愿 词义辨析： refuse:侧重明确、直接地拒绝，后可接名词、代词或不定式，如refuse an offer/to help。 decline:语气较委婉，常指礼貌地拒绝邀请或提议，如decline an invitation。 同义替换： turn down,decline 例句： She had to refuse his invitation because she was too busy. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） -Would you like to go to the party with me? -I'm afraid I have to.I have a test tomorrow. A.accept B.refuse C.offer (答案：B) 3.accept/k'sept/v.接受；认可：同意 词义辨析： accept::强调主观上“愿意接受”，反义词是refuse,如accept a gift/an idea receive:侧重客观上“收到”，不涉及主观意愿，反义词是send,如receive a letter。 同义替换： take,agree to 例句： He was happy to accept the prize on behalf of his team 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） I the invitation,but I couldn't attend the meeting because of illness. A.received B.accepted C.refused(答案：B) 4.blame/blemm/v.责备：指责；归咎于n.责备：责任；过失 词义辨析： blame:作动词时，常用搭配blame sb for sth(因某事责备某人)或blame sth on sb(把某事归咎 于某人)。 scold:侧重“责骂、训斥”，语气较严厉，常指长辈对晚辈或上级对下级的批评。 同义替换： criticize,fault 例句： Don't blame him for the accident;it wasn't his fault. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） The teacher the students for being late to class. A.blamed B.praised C.understood(答案：A) 2 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换 5.fault/f:lt/n.错误：缺点：故障v.挑剔；指责 词义辨析： fault:作名词时，侧重指“过失、过错”，强调对错误应承担责任，如It'smy fault。 mistake:泛指“错误”，侧重因疏忽、无知等导致的行为失误，如make a mistake。 同义替换： error,defect 例句： It's your own fault that you failed the exam-you didn't study hard. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） He admitted his and promised to correct it. A.rule B.fault C.struggle(答案：B) 6.explain/k'splem/v.解释；说明；阐明 词义辨析： explain:侧重通过语言或文字“解释清楚原因、理由或细节”，常用搭配explain sth to sb或explain why/how..。 illustrate:强调用例子、图表等“说明、阐明”观点或问题，使内容更具体易懂。 同义替换： account for,make clear 例句： Can you explain the rules of the game to me? 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） The teacher took out a map to the history of the city. A.explain B.refuse C.tap(答案：A) 7.struggle/'strAgl/V.h.奋斗；努力；挣扎：斗争 词义辨析： struggle:侧重“努力克服困难、挣扎求生”，常与介词against/with连用，如struggle against poverty。 fight:含义更广，可指“打架、战斗”，也可指“努力争取”，如fight for freedom。 同义替换： strive,battle 例句： She struggled to finish the work on time with a high fever 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） They have been for a better life since they were young. A.explaining B.struggling C.accepting (答案：B) 8.offer/Df)/v.提供：给予：提议；出价n.提议；出价：意图 3 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换 词义辨析： offr:作动词时，侧重主动“提供、给予”，常用搭配offer sb sth或offer to do sth(主动提出做 某事)。 provide:强调“提供必要的物品或条件”，常用搭配provide sb with sth或provide sth for sb。 同义替换： give,present 例句： He offered to help me carry the heavy box 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） The company him a good job,but he refused. A.offered B.blamed C.broke(答案：A) 9.break /breik/v.打破；违反；弄坏；打碎n.休息；破裂；间断 词义辨析： brek:作动词时，含义丰富，可指“打破（物体）、违反（规则)、弄坏（物品）”等，如break a window the rule destroy:强调“彻底破坏、摧毁”，程度比break更严重，如destroy a building 同义替换： smash,violate 例句： You mustn't break the school rules,or you will be punished 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） He accidentally the vase when he was cleaning the desk. A.broke B.fixed C.tapped(答案：A) 10.uleu/n.规则；规章；统治v.统治；支配；裁决 词义辨析： Iule:作名词时，指“必须遵守的规则、规章”，如school rules:作动词时，侧重“统治、支配” 国家或人。 regulation:指“官方或机构制定的规定、条例”，比rule更正式，如safety regulations。 同义替换： regulation,law 例句： Everyone must follow the traffic rules to keep safe 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） The new will take effect from next month. A.rules B.desks C.taps(答案：A) l1.understand/nda'staend/v.理解；明白；懂得：获悉 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换 词义辨析： understand:强调“通过思考、学习等理解含义、道理或他人的感受”，如understand a poem/sb' s feelings comprehend:语气较正式，侧重“全面、深刻地理解”复杂的事物，如comprehend a theory。 同义替换： grasp,realize 例句： I finally understand why she was so angry with me. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） It's important to the main idea of the passage when reading. A.mnisunderstand B.understand C.explain(答案：B) l2.misunderstand/misands'staend/v.误解：误会；曲解 词义辨析： misunderstand: 由否定前缀mis+understand构成，指“错误地理解”，如misunderstand sb’s meaning。 misinterpret:侧重“曲解、错误解释”文字、言语或行为的含义，如misinterpret a signal。 同义替换： get wrong,misread 例句： They misunderstood each other and had a quarrel. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） Please speak clearly to avoid being A.understood B.misunderstood C.explained (答案：B) l3.offer/'Dfa)/v.提供：给予；提议；出价n.提议：出价：意图（注：重复选取以丰富讲解角度， 此处侧重名词用法) 词义辨析： offer(n.):指“主动提出的帮助、建议或出价”，如an offer of help/a job offer。 proposal:指“正式的提议、建议”，常涉及计划、方案等，如a proposal for the project。 同义替换： proposal,bid 例句： She accepted the company's offer and decided to start working next week. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） They made an to help us with the work. A.explanation B.offer C.apology (答案：B) 14.break /breik/n.休息：破裂；间断（注：重复选取以丰富讲解角度，此处侧重名词用法） 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换 词义辨析： brek(n.):指“短暂的休息”，如have a break:也 综合演练 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.She to help me with my homework,but I refused because I wanted to do it myself. A.offered B.blamed C.broke 2.Don't the little boy for the broken window;he didn't do it. A.accept B.blame C.explain 3.Ithe gift from my friend,but I didn't like it very much A.received B.accepted C.refused 4.The teacher asked him to why he was late for class again A.apologise B.blame C.explain 5.He made a to the boss for being rude during the meeting. A.fault B.blame C.mistake 6.You must follow the school or you will be punished. A.rules B.offers C.breaks 7.She the invitation to the party because she had to study for the exam A.accepted B.refused C.understood 6 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换 8.It'smy that we missed the train;I forgot to set the alarm. A.fault B.mistake C.rule 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.He felt sorry and decided to a to his parents for lying. 2.The company made him an oof 5,000 yuan per month,but he turned it down 3.Don'tb others for your own mistakes;take responsibility. 4.After working for two hours,we stopped to have a b_ 5.I finally u the math problem after the teacher explained it again. 6.The new trafficr will help reduce accidents on the road. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.She (refuse)his help because she wanted to finish the work alone 2.Don't (blame)the dog for the missing shoes;it was my fault 3.He (break)his leg while playing football last weekend. 4.The teacher asked us to(explain)the main idea of the story in three sentences. 5.We should (accept)others'suggestions if they are helpful. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.他因打碎了花瓶而向妈妈道歉。 He his mother for breaking the vase. 2.不要把你的错误归咎于别人。 Don't your mistakesothers. 3.我接受了他的邀请，但因为生病没能参加聚会。 invitation,but I couldn't attend the party because of illness 4.她努力学习以通过考试。 She to pass the exam by studying hard. > 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【同步精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Yesterday,Tom had a bad day.He accidentally (break)his sister's favorite toy car while playing.His sister cried,and their mother(blame)Tom for being careless.Tom felt sorry and triedto (explain)that it was an accident,but his sister didn't(understand).Later,Tom wrote a note to (apologise)and promised to buy her a new one.His sister finally forgave him, and they agreed to follow the family (rule):ask before using others'things. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.B 3B4.C5.A6.A7.B8.A Ⅱ根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.apologise 2.offer 3.blame 4.break 5understand 6rules I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.refused 2.blame 3.broke 4.explain 5.accept V.完成句子 1.apologised to 2.blame;on 3.accepted 4.struggled V.语篇填空 1.broke 2.blamed 3.explain 4.understand 5.apologise P