Unit 4 Invention and Civilisation - Reading Further-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（重庆大学版）

高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Unit 4 【Unit4】Invention and Civilisation- Reading Further 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 primitive/'primatrv/adj.m.原始 enrich/m'rt/v.使丰富：充实：延长 的：远古的；原始人 使富裕 industrial/m'dAstrial/adj.工y业 unclear/,n'kla(r)/adj.不清楚 fundamental fanda'mentl/ 的：产业的 的：模糊的 ad.m.基本的：根本的；基本原technical/'tekk/adj.技术的： superior/:piaria(r)/ad.n.上理 工艺的 级的；更好的：上级：优胜者 civilized/'sIvalarzd/adj.文明的；revolution/,rev3lu:jn/n.革命； apparently /a'paerantli/adv.显有礼貌的 重大变革 然：似乎；表面上 extension/k'sten/n/n.延长；扩revolutionary /reva'lu:fanari/ intelligent/m'teld3nt/adj.聪明展；电话分机 adj.m.革命的：革命性的：革命 的：智能的 extend/k'stend/v.延伸；扩展；者 词义辨析及同义替换 l.fundamental/fAnda'mentl/adj.m.基本的：根本的；基本原理 词义辨析： fundamental:侧重指'基础的、根本的”，强调构成事物本质或核心的基础，如fundamental principles (基本原则)。 basic:语气较弱，指”基本的、初步的”，仅涉及事物的表面或入门知识，如basic knowledge(基 础知识)。 同义替换： essential,elementary 例句： Honesty is a fundamental value in any relationship 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） Good reading habits are to students'academic development. 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 A.fundamental B.basic C.complete (答案：A) 2. extend/k'stend/v.延伸：扩展：延长&extension/k'sten n/n.延长；扩展；电话分机 词义辨析： extend:动词，强调”时间、空间或范围的延伸'，如extend a deadline(延长截止日期)。 extension:名词，指”延伸的部分或行为”，如the extension of a road（道路的延伸)：也可指”电 话分机”。 同义替换： extend-stretch,prolong extension->expansion,prolongation 例句： The company plans to extend its business to Europe./We need an extension for the meeting room. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习) The government decided to_the railway to connect more rural areas,and the-project will start next year A.extend;extension B.expand;extension C.extend;expansion （答案：A) 3.revolutionary/reva'l:enari/adj.m.革命的：革命性的：革命者&revolution/reva'lu:n/n.革 命；重大变革 词义辨析： revolution:名词，指”革命（社会或政治变革）”或”重大变革”，如he Industrial Revolution(工 业革命)。 revolutionary:形容词时指”革命性的’（如revolutionary technology);名词时指'革命者”。 同义替换： revolution->upheaval,transformation revolutionary-innovative,radical 例句： The invention of the Internet caused a revolution in communication./This revolutionary method has improved efficiency greatly. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） The smartphone was ainvention that brought about ain people's daily lives. A.revolution;revolutionary B.revolutionary,revolution C.radical;revolution (答案：B) 4.superior/su:'pIari3(r)/adj.n.上级的；更好的：上级；优胜者 词义辨析： superior:形容词时表”更好的、更优秀的，后接介词to(不接than),如This product is superior to others..:名词时指”上级、优胜者”。 inferior:形容词，”较差的、inferior的”，反义词，后接介词to,如inferior quality(劣质)。 2 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： better,higher-ranking 例句： Her performance was superior to that of her classmates. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习) In terms of durability,this material is clearly the one we used before. A.superior than B.superior to C.better than(答案：B) 5.industrial/m'dAstrial/adj.工业的：产业的&technical/'teknikl/ad.技术的；工艺的 词义辨析： industrial:侧重”工业的、与产业相关的”，如industrial production（工业生产)、industrial area (工业区)。 technical:侧重”技术的、工艺的'，与”技能、专业知识相关，如technical support（技术支持)、 technical skills(技能)。 同义替换： industrial-manufacturing,productive technical-technological,skilled 例句： The city has developed a strong industrial economy./You need technical training to operate this ma- chine 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） Therevolution led to the development ofnew_tools and methods. A.industrial;technical B.technical;industrial C.industrial;technological (答案：A) 6.civilized/'sivalaizd/adj..文明的；有礼貌的 词义辨析： civilized:指”文明的、有礼貌的'，强调符合社会规范或较高的文化发展水平，如a civilized society (文明社会)。 polite:仅指'有礼貌的、客气的”，侧重行为举止的得体，如a polite request（礼貌的请求)。 同义替换： cultured,refined 例句： Respecting others is a basic principle of civilized behavior. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） In a_country,people are expected to beto each other in public. A.civilized;polite B.polite;civilized C.cultured;rude (答案：A) 7.intelligent/m'teld3ant/adj.聪明的：智能的 3 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： intelligent:强调'智力发达的、善于思考的'，既可指人也可指事物（如智能系统），如an intelligent student(聪明的学生)、intelligent AI(智能人工智能)。 clever:侧重”机灵的、反应快的”，口语化，多用于形容人解决问题的灵活性，如a clever idea (机灵的想法)。 同义替换： smart,wise 例句： The robot is equipped with intelligent voice recognition technology. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） Dogs are not only_animals but also capable of learning complex tasks with training A.intelligent B.clever C.snat(答案：A) 8.apparently/'paerantli/adv.显然；似乎：表面上 词义辨析： apparently:指'表面上看似乎如此”，但可能并非事实，如Apparently,he didn't know the truth, obviously:强调”明显地、显而易见”，事实清楚，无需推断，如Obviously,she was angry. 同义替换： seemingly,evidently 例句： Apparently,the project is behind schedule,but the team claims it will be finished on time. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） the experiment failed because of a small mistake,but the researchers are still analyzing the data. A.Apparently B.Obviously C.Clearly(答案：A) 9.enrich/m't/v.使丰富；充实；使富裕 词义辨析： enrich:指'通过添加内容或价值使更丰富'，如enrich knowledge(丰富知识)、enrich life(充实 生活)。 improve:泛指'改进、提高”，侧重质量或水平的提升，如improve skills(提高技能)。 同义替换： enhance,better 例句： Reading widely can enrich your vocabulary and understanding of the world. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） Traveling to different countries canyour life experience andyour understanding of diverse cultures. A.enrich;improve B.improve;enrich C.enhance;increase (答案：A) l0.primitive/'primatrv/adjh.原始的：远古的：原始人 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： primitive:指'原始的、早期的'，强调处于发展的初级阶段，如primitive tools(原始工具)、primitive society(原始社会)。 ancient:指’古代的、古老的”，侧重时间久远，如ancient civilizations(古代文明)。 同义替换： original,rudimentary 例句： The primitive humans lived in caves and hunted for food. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） Archaeologists discovered_pottery in the ruins,which suggests the area was home to a_settlement thousands of years ago. A.primitive;ancient B.ancient;primitive C.rudimentary,old (答案：A) 11.unclear/,n'kar)/ad.不清楚的：模糊的 词义辨析： unclear::指”模糊的、不明确的'，强调信息或含义不清晰，如unclear instructions(模糊的指示)。 vague:侧重”笼统的、不具体的'，缺乏细节，如a vague answer(含糊的回答)。 同义替换： ambiguous,fuzzy 例句： The purpose of the meeting is still unclear to most participants. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试) The teacher asked him to explain his idea again because his previous explanation was too_ A.unclear B.vague C.ambiguous (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.Theprinciples of mathematics are essential for advanced learning. A.fundamental B.basic C.elementary 2.The government plans to_the highway to connect the two cities,and thewill take two years. A.extend:extension 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.expand;extension C.extend;expansion 3.The invention of electric cars has brought about a_in the automotive industry,making it a -breakthrough A.revolution;revolutionary B.revolutionary,revolution C.transformation:innovative 4.In terms of quality,this brand is_any other brand in the market. A.superior than B.superior to C.better than 5.Therevolution led to the development of newskills among workers. A.industrial;technical B.technical;industrial C.manufacturing;skilled 6.Asociety requires people to bein their daily interactions. A.civilized;polite B.polite;civilized C.cultured;rude 7.The new AI system is highly-and can solve complex problems independently. A.intelligent B.clever C.smart 8.,the team will finish the project on time,but some members are still worried about delays A.Apparently B.Obviously C.Clearly 9.Traveling can_your horizons andyour understanding of different cultures. A.enrich;improve B.improve;enrich C.enhance;increase 10.Archaeologists foundtools in the cave,proving the existence of an tribe there A.primitive;ancient B.ancient;primitive C.rudimentary;old 6 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 l.Honesty is a_(根本的)value in human relationships. 2.The company decided to_()its business to Asia next year. 3.The Internet has caused a()in the way people communicate. 4.This new technology is_(优越的)to the old one in efficiency. 5.The factory is located in the_(工业的)zone of the city.. 6.We should behave in a_(文明的)manner in public places. 7.The()robot can recognize human emotions through facial expressions. 8._(显然)，the meeting will be postponed due to the bad weather. 9.Reading books can()your knowledge and broaden your mind. 10.The_(原始的)paintings on the cave walls date back to5,000 years ago. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The(extend)of the subway line will benefit millions of residents. 2.This(revolution)technology has changed the medical industry completely. 3.She is(superior)to her colleagues in both skills and experience. 4.The(industry)development of the region has caused some environmental problems. 5.We need to receive(technical)training before operating this machine. 6.The(civilize)world should work together to protect the environment. 7.His(intelligent)and hard work made him a successful scientist. 8.(apparent),he has forgotten to bring his passport for the trip. 9.The program aims to(rich)students'after-school life. 10.The(primitive)of the tools suggests that early humans lived a simple life 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.Good health is_(根本的)to a happy life. > 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.The school decided to()the library opening hours during exams. 3.The smartphone was a_(革命性的)invention that changed people's lives. 4.This product is()others in terms of durability. 5.The_(工业的)revolution started in Britain in the 18 th century. 6.We should always be_(有礼貌的)to strangers. 7._(显然)，he didn't understand the instructions clearly. 8.Traveling to foreign countries can_()your life experience 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 The Industrial Revolution was a period of great change that began in the 18th century.It was a (revolution)movement that transformed(industry)production.Before this period,most goods were made by hand,but with the development of new(technique)machines,production became faster and more efficient.One of the key inventions was the steam engine,which was(superior)to traditional power sources.Factories began to(extend)their operations,and(civilize)societies shifted from rural to urban areas.Workers needed(intelligent)and training to operate the new machines,leading to the growth of(technical)education.(apparent),this period had a lasting impact on the world.It(enrich)people'slives by providing more affordable goods but also brought challenges like pollution.Today,we still feel the effects of this (history)revolution. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4B5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A IⅡ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.fundamental 2.extend 3revolution 4.superior 5.industrial 6.civilized 7.intelligent 8.Apparently 9.enrich 10.primitive IL.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.extension 2.revolutionary 3.superior 4.industrial 5.technical 6.civilized 7.intelligence 8.Apparently 9.enrich 10.primitiveness 8 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 V.完成句子 1.fundamental to 2.extend 3.revolutionary 4.superior to 小 5.Industrial 6.polite 7.Apparently 8.enrich V.语篇填空 1.revolutionary 2.industrial 3.technical 4.superior 5.extend 6.civilized 7.intelligence 8.Apparently 9.enriched 10.historic 9