Unit 4 Invention and Civilisation-Reading Further-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（重大版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第三册·重庆大学版·Unit4 nventionandCivilisatio n-ReadingFurther 一、重点单词详解 1:primitive 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adi.)/名词(n.) 核心义：adj.原始的；远古的：n.原始人 二、构词法（词汇变形） 词根：pim(--first,最初的)+-itive(形容词后缀，表示”具有…性质的) 副词：primitively/prmatrvli/(原始地；简单地) 名词：primitiveness'primatrvnas/(原始状态；朴素) 三、用法与常见搭配 primitive society(原始社会) primitive tools(简陋工具) primitive art(原始艺术) 四、重点辨析 primitive vs.original:primitive强调”早期的、未开化的”，如primitive tribes（原始部 落)：original强调最初的、原创的”，如original idea（原创想法)。 2:superior 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 核心义：adj.上级的；更好的：n.上级；优胜者 构词法（词汇变形） 前缀：super-(超过；在…之上)+-ior(形容词后缀，表比较级) 反义词：inferior /In'faia(/(adj.下级的；较差的) 副词：superiorly /su:'preriali/(优越地；在上位地) 名词：superiority/s:,pIei'Drti/（优越性；优势) 、三、用法与常见搭配 be superior to（比…更好/高级，无比较级形式) superior quality(优质) senior superior(高级上司) 四、重点辨析 superior vs.senior:superior侧重？等级或质量上的更高”，如superior of伍icer(上级军官)； senior侧重”年龄或资历上的年长/资深”，如senior student(高年级学生)。 3:apparently 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.显然；似乎；表面上 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：appear(vi.出现；似乎) 形容词：apparent/'parant/(adj.明显的；表面上的) 副词：apparently(由apparent+y构成) 名词：appearance/A'pIerons/(n.外观；出现) 三、用法与常见搭配 Apparently,he knew nothing about the accident..(显然，他对事故一无所知。) She was apparently upset.(她似乎很沮丧。) 四、重点辨析 apparently vs.obviously:apparently强调”表面上看起来”，可能与事实不符；obviously 强调”显而易见”，事实明确，如obviously true（显然正确)。 4:intelligent 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.聪明的；智能的 二、构词法（词汇变形） 词根：intellect/ntalekt/(n.智力；才智) 名词：intelligence/m'ted3ns/(智力；情报) 副词：intelligent山yn'ted3anti/(聪明地；智能地) 动词：intellectualize/,Inte'lektfualarz/(v.使理智化) 三、用法与常见搭配 intelligent animal(聪明的动物) intelligent system（智能系统) 四、重点辨析 intelligent vs.clever:intelligent侧重'理解力和学习能力强'，如intelligent student(聪明 的学生)；clever侧重”反应快、机灵”，如clever trick(巧妙的把戏)。 5:fundamental 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 核心义：adj.基本的；根本的；n.基本原理 二、构词法（词汇变形） 词根：fundament/'fandamant/(n.基础；根本) 副词：fundamentally/fnda'nentali/(根本地；从根本上) 名词复数：fundamentals(基本原理；基础知识) 三、用法与常见搭配 fundamental principle(基本原则) be fundamental to(对…至关重要) master the fundamentals(掌握基础知识) 四、重点辨析 fundamental vs.basic:fundamental强调”构成事物基础的、不可缺少的”，如fundamental rights(基本权利)；basic侧重简单的、初步的”，如basic knowledge(基础知识)。 6:extension 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.延长：扩展；电话分机 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：extend /Ik'stend/.（v.延伸；扩展) 形容词：extensive /ik'stensIv/(adj.广泛的；大量的) 副词：extensively /ik'stensrvli/(广泛地) 三、用法与常见搭配 by extension(由此类推) extension of time(延期) telephone extension（电话分机) extend to（延伸到；给予) extend an invitation(发出邀请) 四、重点辨析 extension vs.expansion:extension侧重’长度、时间或范围的延长？”，如extension of the Ioad(道路的延伸)；expansion侧重”体积、规模的扩大，如expansion of the company (公司的扩张)。 7:industrial 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.工业的；产业的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：industry/mdestri/(n.工业；行业) 副词：industrially /n'dastriali/（工业上；产业地) 名词：industrialization/m,dastrielar'zer/(工业化) 形容词：industrialized /in'dastriolarzd/(adj.工业化的) 三、用法与常见搭配 industrial revolution(工业革命) industrial area(工业区) industrial policy(产业政策) 四、重点辨析 industrial vs.industrious:industrial意为”工业的”，如industrial products（工业产品)； industrious意为”勤劳的”，如industrious worker（勤劳的工人)。 8:revolutionary 二、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 核心义：adj.革命的；革命性的；n.革命者 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：revolution/ieva'lu:n/(n.革命；重大变革) 动词：revolt/I'valt/(v.反抗；起义) 副词：revolutionarily/reva'lm:∫nerali/(革命性地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 revolutionary ideas(革命思想) revolutionary technology(革命性技术) young revolutionaries(年轻的革命者) 四、重点辨析 revolutionary vs.rebellious:revolutionary侧重？为推翻I旧制度而进行的革命”，如1 evolu- tionary movement（革命运动)；rebellious侧重'反抗权威的叛逆，如rebellious teenager (叛逆的青少年)。 9:technical 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（ad) 核心义：adj.技术的；工艺的 一、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：technique/tek'i:k/(n.技巧；技术) 名词：technology/tek'nDlad3i/(n.技术；科技) 副词：technically/teknrkli/(技术上；严格来说) 三、用法与常见搭配 technical support（技术支持) technical terms(专业术语) technical problem(技术问题) 四、重点辨析 technique vs.technology:technique侧重”具体的技巧或方法”，如painting technique(绘 画技巧)；technology侧重”应用于工业的技术”，如information technology(信息技术)。 10:enrich 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V,使丰富；充实；使富裕 二、构词法（词汇变形） 前缀：en-(使…)+ich(adj.富有的) 名词：enrichment/,m'Itfment/(n.丰富；致富) 形容词：enriched/m'rt/(adj.浓缩的；丰富的) 三、用法与常见搭配 enrich one's life(丰富生活) enrich the soil(肥沃土壤) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The tools used by early humans were very_,made of stone and wood. A)primitive B)original C)ancient D)initial 2.This new model of smartphone is_to its competitors in terms of battery life and perfor- mance A)senior B)superior C)junior D)inferior 3.,the project was completed on time,but actually,the team worked overtime for weeks A)Obviously B)Clearly C)Apparently D)Evidently 4.Dolphins are known for being one of the mostanimals in the ocean,able to learn com- plex tasks. A)clever B)intelligent C)wise D)smart 5.Understanding basic math concepts is_to solving advanced problems in physics. A)fundamental B)basic C)essential D)necessary 6.The company announced the_of its business into new markets in Asia next year. A)expansion B)extension C)spread D)growth 7.The Revolution transformed economies from agricultural to manufacturing-based ones. A)Industrial B)Industrious C)Industry D)Industrialized 8.The invention of the internet was a_event that changed global communication forever. A)rebellious B)revolutionary C)revolt D)revolting 9.Before using the software,users need to read the manual to avoid operational errors. A)technological B)technique C)technical D)technology 10.Traveling to different countries can greatly_your life experience and broaden your hori- zons. A)enrich B)increase C)raise D)enhance (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The(primitive)of the tools suggests they date back to the Stone Age. 2.Her(superior)in language learning made her the top student in the class. 3.(apparent),the manager was unaware of the conflict between the two departments. 4.The(intelligent)of dolphins has been studied extensively by marine biologists. 5.The team is focusing on solving the(fundamental)issues before moving to complex tasks. 6.The (extend)of the deadline allowed the students to improve their research papers. 7.(industry)development has led to significant environmental changes in this region. 8.The_(revolution)ideas of the thinker influenced political movements across Europe. 9.The engineer provided_(technique)support to help fix the machine. 10.The(enrich)of the soil with organic matter improved crop yields this year. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Early humans lived in psocieties where they hunted and gathered food 2.This brand claims its products are sto others in both quality and design. 3.A,no one noticed the mistake in the report until it was published. 4.The new AI system is designed to mimic h intelligent behavior 5.Freedom of speech is a f right in many democratic countries. 6.The company applied for an eof the contract to complete the project. 7.The government has launched new policies to promote i growth in rural areas. 8.The invention of electricity was a r breakthrough in human history. 9.The manual includes detailed t instructions for assembling the furniture 10.Reading classic literature can e your vocabulary and critical thinking skills. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AB C B A B AB CA 2.补全句子答案： 1.primitiveness 2.superiority 3.Apparently 4.intelligence 5.fundamental 6.extension 7. Industrial 8.revolutionary 9.technical 10.enrichment 3.首字母填空答案： 1.primitive 2.superior 3.Apparently 4.human 5.fundamental 6.extension 7.industrial 8. revolutionary 9.technical 10.enrich 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第三册·Unit4 Invention and Civilisation-Reading Further