Unit 5 Natural Disasters - Reading Further-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第二册（重庆大学版）

高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】Unit5 Natural Disasters 核心词汇 【Unit5】Natural Disasters-Reading Further 词义辨析及综合训练 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 disaster-prone /d'za:star)献者 rebuild/,ri:bld/v.重建；改建： praun/adj.易受灾的；多发灾volunteer/,vplan'tur)/n.志愿重新组装 害的 者；义务工作者V.自愿做；义reconstruction/,ikan'strAkfn/ predict /pri'dkt/v.预测：预报；务做 n.重建；重建物：复原 预言 voluntary/'vDlantri/adj.自愿restore/rI'sto:r)/.恢复；修复： prediction/pri'dkn/n.预测：预的：志愿的：无偿的 复原 报：预言 donate to捐赠；捐献 recovery /I'kAvari/n.恢复；康 forecast/fbka:st/v.h.预报；预provide /pr3'vadv.提供：供应；复；复原 测：展望 给予 affect /a'fekt/v.影响：使改 evacuate/'vakjueit/v.疏散：撤provide with为…提供 变：（感情上）深深打动 离：撤出 supply/s3plav.供应；提供；effect/fekt/n.效果；作用；影 evacuation1,vaekju'eIn/n.疏补给n.供应；供给；物资 响 散：撤离：撒出 supply with为…提供物资 have an effect on对…有影响 donate/dsu'net/v.捐赠；捐献；shelter/)∫elta(r)/n.避难所；庇respond/r'sppnd/v.回应；作出 赠予 护所：遮蔽物V.庇护；掩护；躲反应；响应 donation/dau'ner n/n.捐赠：捐避 response /rI'spons/,n.▣应；反 献：捐赠物 accommodation/e,kDm3'deun/应；响应 donor/'dna()/n.捐赠者；捐n.住处；住宿：膳宿 respond to对…作出回应 词义辨析及同义替换 1. predict/prI'dlkt/v.预测：预报；预言 词义辨析： predict:侧重通过分析数据或规律进行科学预测，主语可为人或物，如The weather station predicts rain tomorrow." forecast:特指对天气、经济等的官方预测，语气更正式，如'The weather forecast says it will snow.” 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 同义替换： forecast,foresee 例句： Scientists predict that the Earth's temperature will rise by 2C by 2050 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册同步练习） The weather report a sunny day tomorrow,so we can plan a picnic. A.predicts B.affects C.responds (答案：A) 2.affect./'fekt/v.影响：使改变&effect/I'fekt/n.效果；作用：影响 词义辨析： affect:动词，强调对人或事物产生直接影响，如，The heavy rain affected the harvest.” effect:名词，指影响的结果，常用搭配have an effect on,如This policy had a positive effect on the economy..” 同义替换： affect→influence(v.) effect→impact(n.) 例句： (1)The noise from the construction site affected my sleep. (2)This medicine has no effect on my headache. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元测试） The new law will the lives of millions of people,and its will be felt for years A.affect;effect B.effect:affect C.affect:affect (答案：A) 3.provide /pra3 vaid/v.提供；供应&supply/s3'pla/V.供应；提供 词义辨析： provide:常用搭配provide sb.with sth..或provide sth.for sb.,侧重'给予所需之物”，如The school provides students with textbooks." supply:常用搭配supply sb.with sth.或supply sth.tosb.,强调持续供应物资”，如The factory 2 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】Unit5 Natural Disasters supplies electricity to the city." 同义替换： offer,furnish 例句： (1)The government provided shelters for the homeless. (2)This company supplies water to the whole town. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册周练卷） The local charity food and clothes the victims of the earthquake. A.provided;for B.supplied;with C.provided;with (答案：C) 4.rebuild/,ri:'bld/v.重建&reconstruction/,ri:kan'strAkn/n.重建 词义辨析： rebuild:动词，强调'重新建造”的动作，如They plan to rebuild the damaged bridge.” reconstruction:名词，指”重建的过程或成果”，如The reconstruction of the city took five years.., 同义替换： rebuild-reconstruct (v.) reconstruction-rebuilding (n.) 例句： (1)After the fire,the villagers worked together to rebuild their homes (2)The reconstruction of the ancient temple was completed last month 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册月考卷） The government has allocated funds for the of the disaster-stricken area,and workers will roads and schools first. A.rebuild;reconstruction B.reconstruction;rebuild C.reconstruction;reconstruct (答案：B) 5.respond'spond/V.回应：响应&response /rI'spons/n.回应 词义辨析： 3 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters respond:动词， 常用搭配respond to,如'She responded to my email immediately..” response: 名词，常用搭配in response to,如'His response to the question surprised everyone.” 同义替换： respond→react(v.) response-reaction (n.) 例句： (1)The company failed to respond to customer complaints. (2)We need an immediate response from the manager. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册期末复习题） The volunteers quickly to the call for help,and their was praised by the public A.responded;response B.response;responded C.reacted;respond (答案：A) 6.evacuate'vaekjueIt/.v.疏散；撤离&evacuation/r,vaekju'en/n.疏散 词义辨析： evacuate:动词，强调'紧急撤离”的动作，如'The police evacuated the building after the bomb threat.” evacuation::名词，指'疏散的过程'，如The evacuation of the village took three hours.” 同义替换： withdraw (v.),evacuation-withdrawal (n.) 例句： (1)The government ordered people to evacuate the coastal area before the typhoon arrived. (2)The successful evacuation saved hundreds of lives. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册阅读理解改编） When the fire alarm rang,the teacher the students calmly,and the whole was finished in five minutes. A.evacuated:evacuation B.evacuation;evacuated C.responded;response (答案：A) 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 7.donate/da'net/v.捐赠&donation/dau'nen/n.捐赠：捐赠物 词义辨析： donate:动词，常用搭配donate sth.tosb.,如He donated 10,000 yuan to the charity.” donation:名词，指'捐赠的行为或物品”，如，We received a large donation of medical supplies..” 同义替换： contribute (v.),contribution (n.) 例句： (1)Many people donated blood to help the injured. (2)The school library was built with private donations. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册单元练习） The local businessman a lot of money to the poor children,and his was reported in the newspaper A.donated,donation B.donation;donated C.provided;supply (答案：A) 8.shelter/'∫elta(r)/n.避难所&accommodation/月kon3'deIn/n.住处：住宿 词义辨析： shelter:侧重”临时避难所”，如The gym was used as a shelter for the flood victims.” accommodation:指”长期或正式的住宿'，如We need to book accommodation for the trip.” 同义替换： shelter-refuge (n.) accommodation-lodging (n. 例句： (1)After the earthquake,people stayed in temporary shelters. (2)The hotel provides free accommodation for volunteers. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册期中测试） The government set up for people who lost their homes,and local hotels offered free to rescue workers. A.shelters;accommodation B.accommodation;shelters 5 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters C.shelters;shelters (答案：A) 9.restore /rI'stb:r)/V.恢复；修复&recovery/rI'kAvari/n.恢复 词义辨析： restore:动词，强调？修复到原来状态”，如They restored the old painting to its original beauty.” recovery:名词，指”身体或事物的恢复过程'，如Her recovery from the illness took two months..” 同义替换： restore→repair(v.) recovery-restoration (n. 例句： (1)The doctor used surgery to restore his eyesight. (2)The economy is showing signs of recovery after the crisis. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册模拟卷） The team worked hard to the damaged documents,and their efforts led to the of important historical records. A.restore;recovery B.recover;restore C.recovery,restore (答案：A) l0.volunteer/,vplen'ta)/n.志愿者&voluntary/'vDlantri/ad.自愿的 词义辨析： volunteer:名词，指”自愿提供帮助的人”，如'She has been a volunteer in the hospital for three years.” voluntary:形容词，修饰”自愿的行为”，如'He made a voluntary contribution to the charity.” 同义替换： volunteer-volunteer worker (n.) voluntary-willing (adj.) 例句： (1)Many volunteers helped clean up the park. (2)Participation in the activity is voluntary,not compulsory. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修第二册课后练习） 6 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters work is done by people who offer their time without pay,and these often say they feel happy to help others. A.Voluntary;volunteers B.Volunteer;voluntary C.Voluntary,voluntary (答案：A) l1.have an effect on对…有影响&respond to对…作出回应 词义辨析： have an effect on:强调'产生影响”，如'Pollution has a bad effect on the environment..” respond to:强调'对刺激或请求作出反应”，如'The company responded to customer feedback 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The weather station that there will be a heavy storm tomorrow. A.predicts B.affects C.responds 2.The new policy will the development of small businesses,and its positive will last for years. A.affect;effect B.effect;affect C.affect;affect 3.The local government food and water the people in the flood-stricken area. A.provided;for B.supplied;with C.provided;with 4.After the earthquake,the first step is the of roads,and then we can the houses A.rebuild;reconstruction B.reconstruction;rebuild C.reconstruction;reconstruct 5.The company _quickly to the customers'suggestions,and their was highly praised. A.responded;response 7 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】Unit5 Natural Disasters B.response;responded C.reacted;respond 6.When the fire broke out,the firefighters the people from the building,and the whole took only ten minutes. A.evacuated:evacuation B.evacuation;evacuated C.responded;response 7.The old temple was to its original state,and the work took three years. A.restore;recovery B.recovered;restore C.restored;restoration 8. work is done by people who offer their time for free,and these are respected by everyone. A.Voluntary;volunteers B.Volunteer;voluntary C.Voluntary,voluntary 9.The charity received a large from the businessman,who half of his wealth to help the poor. A.donate;donation B.donation;donated C.donation;donate 10.The government set up temporary for the homeless,andhotels provided free for med- ical workers. A.shelters;accommodation B.accommodation;shelters C.shelters;shelters 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.We need to (the result of the exam based on the students'usual performance. 2.The loud noise from the street (my ability to concentrate on studying. 3.The school students with free textbooks every semester. 4.After the war,the country started the (重建)of its cities and villages. 5.The manager asked for an immediate (▣应)to the customer's complaint.. 8 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 6.The government ordered the (of people in the coastal area before the typhoon. 7.Many people (money and clothes to the victims of the disaster. 8.The (of the patient's health surprised all the doctors. 9.She has been a (志愿者)in the animal shelter for two years.. 10.The (of the new medicine will be tested in the next three months. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The scientists are trying to (prediction)the changes in climate. 2.This policy has a great (affect)on the local economy. 3.The company promised to(supply)us with enough materials next month. 4.The (reconstruct)of the old bridge will be completed by the end of this year. 5.He(response)to my email as soon as he received it. 6.The (evacuate)of the building was carried out in an orderly way. 7.We are grateful for the(donate)from all over the country. 8.The doctor said his(recover)would take at least two weeks. 9.Many」 (voluntary)came to help after the earthquake. 10.She made a (volunteer)decision to work in the remote area. 四、完成句子 1.The new law (对…有影响)the lives of all citizens. 2.The company (对…作出回应)the market changes quickly. 3.The school (为学生提供)a good learning environment. 4.After the fire,they worked hard to(重建家园). 5.The government has taken measures to (恢复秩序in the affected area. 6.She (捐赠了一些t书)to the children in the mountain village. 7.The (志愿者们的回应)to the call for help was very positive. 9 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 8.The (疏散过)was so smooth that no one got hurt. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Natural disasters can happen suddenly,so it's important to be prepared.Scientists often (pre- dict/forecast)the possible disasters,such as earthquakes and typhoons,to help people take action early.When a disaster occurs,the first step is to(evacuate/evacuation)people to safe places. Then,the government and charities will(provide/supply)food,water and medical care for the victims After the disaster,the(rebuild/reconstruction)work begins.Workers need to(re- store/recover)roads,bridges and buildings.Many(volunteer/voluntary)come to help with the work,offering their time and energy for free.People also(donate/donation)money and goods to support the affected areas. The (respond/response)from the whole society is usually quick and warm.With everyone's effort,the affected areas can (recover/restore)soon.It's important to remember that we should always. (respond/react)to disasters calmly and help each other. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.C4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9B10.A IⅡ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.predict 2.affected 3.provides 4.reconstruction 5.response 6.evacuation 7.donated 8.recovery 9.volunteer 10.effect ⅡⅡ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.predict 2.effect 3.supply 4.reconstruction 5.responded 6.evacuation 7.donation 8.recovery 9.volunteers 10.voluntary V.完成句子 1.has an effect on 2.responds to 3.provides students with 4.rebuild their homes 5.restore order 6.donated some books 7.volunteers'response 8.evacuation process V语篇填空 1.predict 2.evacuate 3.provide 4.reconstruction 5.restore 6.volunteers 7.donate 8.response 9.recover 10.respond 10