Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world三-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Unit 4 【Unit4】Scientists who changed the world 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 bomb /bom/n.炸弹：核武器；t.negate /nr'get/t.取消，使无效：许，许可：使有可能：/'p3mt/n. 轰炸 否认，否定 许可证 evil/'i:v/n.罪恶，恶行；害处，intellectual/.,nta'lektfual/adj.脑responsibility /r,sppns3 bilati/n. 坏处；dj.恶毒的：有害的：恶力的：有才智的，智力发达的：n.责任，负责；职责，义务 魔的 知识分子，脑力劳动者 declare/dr'klea(r)/vt.表明，宣 involve /m'vDlv/t.包含，牵涉，mystery/'mIstri/n.神秘；神秘称；公布，宣布：申报 影响：（使）参加 的人（或事物）；悬疑作品 nationality/,ne∫a'naelti/n.国 scientific/,saien'trfik/adi.科学let sb down使某人失望 籍：民族 的，关于科学的：细致严谨的ignorance/'gnar3ns/n.无知 put forward提出，提议，建议 credit/'kredit/n.赞扬，认可：信asto关于，至于 evolution/iva'lu:/n.进化，演 用；t.存入金额：把…归于take it for granted/'gra:ntId/想变，发展 moral/'mpral/adj..道德的：道义当然地认为，认为是理所当然publish/广pAbl/t.出版，发行； 上的：品行端正的：n.品行，道freedom/fri:dm/n.自由 发表：公布 德：寓意 authority/:'orti/n.权威，权marriage/maerid3/n.结婚，婚 apply'pla/t.&vi.应用：申 力：官方 姻：已婚状态 请：涂：有关 permit/p3mt/t.&vi.允许，准 词义辨析及同义替换 moral/'mpral/adj.道德的；道义上的：品行端正的：n.品行，道德：寓意 词义辨析： moral:作形容词时，强调与伦理、善恶标准相关的“道德的”，如moral duty(道德责任)；作 名词指“道德规范”或故事“寓意”。 ethical:更侧重“伦理的、合乎职业道德的”，多用于专业领域（如医学、法律），如ethicalstandards (伦理标准)。 同义替换： ethical,virtuous 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： It's our moral duty to help those in need. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习） Doctors must follow strict rules when treating patients. A.moral B.ethical C.mental (答案：B) 2.permit /p3'nt/t.&vi.允许，准许，许可；p3mt/n.许可证 词义辨析： permit(动词)：强调“正式允许”，语气较严肃，常接sb.todo,如permit smoking(允许吸烟)。 allow:普通用词，语气较弱，可接doing或sb.todo,如allow children to play。 同义替换： allow,authorize 例句： The school doesn't permit students to use mobile phones in class. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元检测） Parents should not their kids to stay up too late. A.permit B.allow C.let (答案：B) 3.declare/d'klea(r)/t.表明，宣称；公布，宣布：申报 词义辨析： declare:正式“宣布”（如声明、政策）或“申报”（海关），语气坚决，如declare war(宣战)。 announce: 侧重“预告”或“公开通知”，如announce a meeting(通知开会)。 同义替换： announce,state 例句： The government declared a new policy to protect the environment. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三期中测试） The company that it would close three factories next year. A.declared B.announced C.reported(答案：B) 4.appy/plat.&vi.应用：申请：涂 词义辨析： apply:作“申请”时接for sth.或todo,如apply for a job:作“应用”时接to sth.,如apply theory to practice。 use:普通用词，直接表示“使用工具/物品”，如use a pen。 同义替换： utilize(应用)，request(申请) 例句： You must apply what you learn in class to real life 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习） Students should their knowledge to solve problems independently A.apply B.use C.employ (答案：A) 5.credit./'kedt/n.赞扬，认可；信用：t.把…归于 词义辨析： credit(n.):指“赞扬”时，常用搭配get/take credit for;指“信用”时，如credit card。 praise:仅指“表扬”，为不可数名词，如receive praise。 同义替换： praise,recognition 例句： She deserves credit for her hard work on the project. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元练习） The team leader took all the for the success,but everyone worked hard. A.credit B.praise C.honor (答案：A) 6.freedom/'fi:dem/n.自由 词义辨析： freedom:强调“不受限制的权利”，如freedom of speech(言论自由)，为不可数名词。 liberty:较正式，侧重“政治自由”或“自主选择权”，可用于复数，如civil liberties(公民自由)。 同义替换： liberty,independence 例句： We all cherish the freedom to express our opinions 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三阅读拓展） The people fought for from foreign rule A.freedom B.liberty C.relief(答案：A) 7.responsibility/rI,.sppnsa3'brlati/n.责任，负责；职责 词义辨析： responsibility:指“应尽的责任”或“职责”，如take responsibility(承担责任)。 duty:强调“因职位、道德而产生的义务”，如family duty(家庭义务)。 同义替换： duty,obligation 例句： As a student,finishing homework on time is your responsibility 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三期末测试） It's a soldier's to protect his country. A.responsibility B.duty C.task (答案：B) 3 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 8.publish/'pablif/vt.出版，发行；发表：公布 词义辨析： publish:指“出版书籍、报刊”或“发表文章”，如publish a novel(出版小说)。 print:仅指“印刷”过程，不涉及发行，如print a newspaper(印刷报纸)。 同义替换： issue,release 例句： Her first book was published when she was 25 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步阅读） The research paper was in a famous science magazine. A.published B.printed C.written (答案：A) 9.involve/in'vDlv/vt.包含，牵涉，影响：（使）参加 词义辨析： involve:强调“涉及、卷入”某事件或“使参与”，常用搭配involve doing,如involve risk(涉 及风险)。 include:侧重“包含在内”，整体与部分关系，如The price includes tax(价格含税)。 同义替换： include,engage 例句： The project involves working with a team from different countries 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元检测） The job traveling to other cities every month. A.involves B.includes C.contains (答案：A) l0.authority/3:orti/n.权威，权力；官方 词义辨析： authority:指“权力”（不可数）或“权威人士/机构”（可数），如local authorities(地方政府)。 power:泛指“力量、权力”，可指自然力或政治权力，如political power(政治权力)。 同义替换： power,control 例句： The government has the authority to make laws. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三模块测试） Parents should use their wisely to guide their children A.authority B.power C.force(答案：A) l1.egate /nI'gert/t.取消，使无效；否认，否定 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： negate:正式“否定、使无效”，如negate an argument(驳倒论点)。 deny:普通用词，“否认事实/指控”，如deny stealing(否认偷窃)。 同义替换： deny,contradict 例句： Her actions negated all the progress we had made. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三阅读填空） He tried to the charges against him,but no one believed him. A.negate B.deny C.refuse (答案：B) 12.marriage/'merd3/n.结婚，婚姻：已婚状态 词义辨析： marriage:指“婚姻关系”或“婚礼”，如a happy marriage(幸福婚姻)。 wedding:仅指“婚礼仪式”，如a wedding ceremony(婚礼)。 同义替换： matrimony,union 例句： Their marriage lasted for over 50 years 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元练习） We attended their last Saturday:it was very beautiful A.marriage B.wedding C.ceremony (答案：B) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.As a doctor,you must follow strict guidelines when treating patients. A.moral B.ethical C.mental 2.Parents should not their children to watch violent movies at a young age. A.permit B.allow C.let 5 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 3.The government a new policy to reduce air pollution last month. A.declared B.announced C.reported 4.Students are encouraged to their knowledge to solve real-world problems. A.apply B.use C.employ 5.The team leader took all the for the project's success,ignoring others'efforts. A.credit B.praise C.honor 6.The people fought bravely for from foreign control. A.freedom B.liberty C.relief 7.It is a soldier's to protect the country and its people A.responsibility B.duty C.task 8.Her first novel was by a famous publishing house in 2023. A.published B.printed C.written 9.This job working overtime on weekends,which I don't mind. A.involves B.includes C.contains 10.Teachers should use their to guide students rather than punish them. A.authority B.power C.force 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.It is our (道德的)duty to help the elderly cross the street.. 6 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.You need a special (许可证)to park your car here.. 3.The company that it would hire 100 new employees next year. 4.She decided to for a scholarship to study abroad. 5.The team's success was due to everyone's hard work,not just one person's (功劳) 6.We all have the right to()of speech in democratic countries. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The doctor's」 (ethical)behavior earned him respect from patients. 2.The school (permit)students to bring their own laptops to class. 3.He (declare)his love for her in front of the whole school. 4. (apply)new technology has greatly improved production efficiency. 5.The(responsible)for this accident lies with the driver. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.医生必须遵守严格的伦理准则。 Doctors must follow strict 2.父母不允许孩子在睡前使用手机。 Parents do not their children mobile phones before bed. 3.政府宣布了一项新的环保政策。 The government a new environmental protection 4.我们应该把课堂上学到的知识应用到实践中。 We should what we learn in class _practice. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 7 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Doctors have a(1) (moral/ethical)duty to protect patients'privacy.They must not(2) (permit/allow)others to access medical records without permission.Last month,the hospital (3) (declared/announced)a new rule:all staff must(4)(apply/use)strict security measures to protect data.This rule(5) (involves/includes)regular training and password updates.The hospital's(6) (authority/power)believes this will build patients'trust. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.B2.B 3B4.A5.A6.A7.B8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.moral 2.permit 3.announced 4.apply 5.credit 6.freedom ⅡI.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.ethical 2.permits 3.declared 4.Applying 5.responsibility V.完成句子 1.ethical standards 2.allow;to use 3.announced;policy 4.apply,to V.语篇填空 1.ethical 2.allow 3.announced 4.apply 5.involves 6.authority P