Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中译林版必修第三册 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 【Unit4】Scientists who changed the world 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 republic /rI'pAblik/n.共和国，共herb /h3b/n.药草，香草；草本期 和政体 refer to查阅，参考：提到，谈及sufficient/sa'fufnt/adj..足够的， malaria /ma'learia/n.疟疾 experiment/k'sperimant/n.实充足的 deadly/'dedli/ad.致命的；十足验，试验；尝试，实践；i.做试data/derta/n.数据，资料，材 的，彻底的 验，进行实验；尝试 料 survival/s'varvl/n.生存，存话；trial/taal/n.试用，试验：审speed up(使)加速 残存物，幸存事物 讯，审判：考验；vi.&t.测试，pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 province/'prDVInS//n.省，省份试验 error/era(r)/n.错误，差错 broad /br3:d/adj.广泛的：宽阔limited/'lmtd/adj.有限的 through trial and error反复试 的，广阔的：概括的：开阔的household/'haushaold/adj.家庭验 intend/n'tend/t.&vi.想要，计的，家用的，家务的：n.一家人，wisdom/'wzdm/n.智慧，知识， 划：意指 家庭 学问：才智；明智 extract/'ekstraekt/n.提取物，选container /kan'tema()/n.容器：beneficial/benr'fi/adj.有益 录：k'straekt/t.提取：选录：取 集装箱，货柜 的，有用的 出：设法得到 postpone /p?'spaun/t.延迟，延 词义辨析及同义替换 1. intend/i'tend/vt.&vi.想要，计划；意指 词义辨析： intend:侧重”主观上有明确意图或计划做某事'，常搭配intend to do sth或intend sth for sb: plan:泛指”制定计划做某事”，更强调具体的安排和步骤，搭配plan to do sth或plan sth。 同义替换： plan,mean 例句： I intend to study medicine in college. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） She to take part in the competition,so she has been practicing hard. A.intends B.plans C.hopes(答案：A) 高中译林版必修第三册 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.extract/'ekstraekt/n.提取物，选录：k'straekt/vt.提取：选录；取出；设法得到 词义辨析： extract(V.):侧重”从某物中提炼、提取（精华、成分等）”，或”费力取出某物”。 emove:强调？将某物从原来位置移开或去掉'，不涉及提炼”含义。 同义替换： draw out,pull out 例句： Scientists extract oil from this plant for medical use. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试） They managed to the bullet from the patient's arm. A.extract B.remove C.take(答案：A) 3.experiment/k'sperimant//n.实验，试验：尝试，实践：vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试 词义辨析： experiment(n.):指'为验证假设或发现新事物而进行的系统实验”，常搭配do/conduct an exper- iment tst:泛指'测试、检验”，可指对事物性能、质量等的检测，也可指考试。 同义替换： test,trial 例句： The students are doing an experiment in the chemistry lab 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） We need to_the new machine to see if it works well. A.experiment B.test C.ty(答案：B) 4.rial/'trarel/n.试用，试验：审讯，审判：考验：vi.&t.测试，试验 词义辨析： rial(n.):作’试验”时，侧重”对新事物的试用或检验过程”，常用搭配on trial(在试用中)：也 可指”审判”。 experiment:更强调'科学实验”，侧重通过操作得出结论。 同义替换： test,experiment 例句： The new drug is still on trial and hasn't been put into the market. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试） After several_,they finally found the best way to solve the problem. A.trials B.experiments C.tests (答案：A) 高中译林版必修第三册 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5.limited/'lmmitrd/adj.有限的 词义辨析： limited:强调'数量、能力、范围等受限制的，有限的”，反义词是unlimited。 restricted:侧重'因规则、规定而受限制的”，常指行动、自由等受限。 同义替换： restricted,finite 例句： Our time is limited,so we need to hurry up. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） The number of tickets for the concert is,so you'd better buy them in advance. A.limited B.restricted C.small (答案：A) 6.sufficient/sa'fint/adj.足够的，充足的 词义辨析： fficient:.侧重'数量或程度上足以满足需要'，较正式，常用搭配be sufficient for sth。 enough:含义与sufficient基本相同，但更口语化，可放在名词前或形容词、副词后。 同义替换： enough,adequate 例句： We have sufficient food and water for the trip. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试） Is the money_to buy a new computer? A.sufficient B.enough C.adequate (答案：B) 7.beneficial/beni'fil/adj.有益的，有用的 词义辨析： beneficial:侧重”对健康、发展等有积极好处的”，常用搭配be beneficial to sth/sb。 helpful:使用范围更广，可指”对人或事有帮助的'，既可指具体帮助，也可指抽象益处。 同义替换： helpful,advantageous 例句： Regular exercise is beneficial to our health 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） Reading English novels is_to improving your English A.beneficial B.helpful C.useful(答案：A) 8.pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 3 高中译林版必修第三册 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： pyof:强调”努力、投资等最终获得回报或成功”，主语多为”努力、计划，等。 succeed:侧重”个人或某事取得成功'，是动词，搭配succeed in doing sth。 同义替换： succeed,work out 例句： All his hard work finally paid off and he got the scholarship. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试） The team's efforts when they won the championship. A.paid off B.succeeded C.worked out（答案：A) 9.through trial and error反复试验 词义辨析： through trial and error:强调'通过不断尝试、从错误中学习而最终找到方法”，是固定短语。 by experiment:侧重通过实验的方式”，更强调科学实验过程。 同义替换： by trial and error,through repeated attempts 例句： He learned to play the piano through trial and error. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习) Many great inventions were made_ A.through trial and error B.by experiment C.with effort (答案：A) l0.refer to查阅，参考：提到，谈及 词义辨析： refer to:作”查阅”时，指？查阅书籍、资料等’：作”提到”时，指”涉及或提及某人/某事”。 l0okup:仅指”查阅（词典、资料等）”，宾语多为”单词、信息”等，需放在中间。 同义替换： look up,mention 例句： You can refer to the dictionary if you don't know the word. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试） When I said someone was late,I wasn't-you. A.referring to B.looking up C.mentioning to (答案：A) l1.postpone /p3'spUn/t.延迟，延期 词义辨析： postpone:正式用词，指”将某事推迟到稍后时间'，搭配postpone sth to+时间。 delay:可作动词或名词，指”因各种原因使某事耽搁、延迟”，程度可轻可重。 高中译林版必修第三册 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： delay,put off 例句： The meeting was postponed to next Monday. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） We have to_the sports meeting because of the rain A.postpone B.delay C.put off (答案：C) 12.wisdom/wizdam/n.智慧，知识，学问：才智：明智 词义辨析： wisdom:指”长期积累的经验、知识所形成的智慧”，强调判断力和洞察力。 knowledge:泛指”知识、学问”，指通过学习获得的事实、信息等。 同义替换： intelligence,insight 例句： The old man is full of wisdom and often gives us good advice. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试) Books are a great source of_. A.wisdom B.knowledge C.intelligence (答案：B) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.She to take part in the competition,so she has been practicing hard. A.intends B.plans C.hopes 2.They managed to_the bullet from the patient's arm. A.extract B.remove C.take 3.We need to the new machine to see if it works well. A.experiment B.test 5 高中译林版必修第三册 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 C.try 4.After several,they finally found the best way to solve the problem. A.trials B.experiments C.tests 5.The number of tickets for the concert is_,so you'd better buy them in advance A.limited B.restricted C.small 6.Is the moneyto buy a new computer? A.sufficient B.enough C.adequate 7.Reading English novels isto improving your English A.beneficial B.helpful C.useful 8.The team's efforts_when they won the championship. A.paid off B.succeeded C.worked out 9.Many great inventions were made_. A.through trial and error B.by experiment C.with effort 10.When I said someone was late,I wasn't_you. A.referring to B.looking up C.mentioning to 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The company has 1 resources,so it cannot expand its business quickly. 2.Regular exercise is b to both physical and mental health. 3.After years of research,the scientists finally ea new drug from the plant. 6 高中译林版必修第三册 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 4.The new policy will poff if everyone follows it strictly. 5.We need sevidence to prove his innocence in court 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The government is trying to provide-(sufficiently)housing for low-income families. 2.She(intend)to study abroad next year,but she hasn't applied yet. 3.(Experiment)with new teaching methods has helped improve students'interest in learning. 4.The(limit)time for the exam made many students feel stressed. 5.It took him several(trial)to master the skills of playing the guitar. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.他打算毕业后成为一名医生。 He_ a doctor after graduation 2.这种植物的提取物被用于治疗多种疾病。 The_this plant_treating many diseases. 3.通过反复试验，他们终于找到了问题的解决方案。 They finally found the solution to the problem 4.她的努力最终奏效了，她获得了奖学金。 Her efforts finally,and she got the scholarship. 5.这本书对初学者来说足够简单。 This book is_for beginners. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 7 高中译林版必修第三册 【Unit4】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Scientists often need to_(experiment/test)new theories through careful research.Last year,a team tried to(extract/remove)a special chemical from a rare plant.They believed this chemical might be(beneficial/helpful)to treating diabetes.However,their first few(trials/experiments)failed because of(limited/restricted)funding and time. Despite the difficulties,they didn't give up.They worked day and night,and their efforts finally (paid off/succeeded).In the end,they proved that the chemical was(sufficient/enough)to lower blood sugar levels in mice.Now,the team is planning to(intend/plan)further studies to test its effects on humans. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.B4.A5.A6.B7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.limited 2.beneficial 3.extract 4.pay 5.sufficient I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.sufficient 2.intends 3.Experimenting 4.limited 5.trials V.完成句子 1.intends to be 2.extract from;is used for 3.through trial and error 4.paid off 5.simple enough V.语篇填空 1.test 2.extract 3.beneficial 4.experiments 5.limited 6.paid off 7.sufficient 8.plan P